milan Šinko university of ljubljana , biotechnical faculty
DESCRIPTION
( Forest EU) Governance and Stability of Regulative Forest Policy Measures in Post-socialist C ountry: Case Study Slovenia. Milan Šinko University of Ljubljana , Biotechnical Faculty Dept. of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
(Forest EU) Governance and Stability of Regulative Forest Policy Measures in Post-socialist Country:
Case Study Slovenia
Milan Šinko
University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical FacultyDept. of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources
(Forest EU) Governance and Stability of Regulative Forest Policy Measures in Post-socialist Country:
Case Study Slovenia
Road map of presentation
• Introduction• Research question• Theoretical framework• Research design
– Data Analysis – Data Collection
• Preliminary results • Contribution to COST action
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Introduction
Forest policy design- Policy problems- Policy goals- Forest policy tools mix:
– Regulative tools prevail (e.g. obligatory forest management planning for all forests, obligatory tree marking for felling)
– Economic tools (less important - e.g. financing of silviculture approx. 1 €/ha/year on average)
– Informational tools.
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Introduction
Year Social-political context
Internationalcontext
Regulatory forest policy tools
1985
1990
Socialist
self-
management
Compulsory forest management planningObligatory marking trees for fellingPrescribed min and max felling of AAC
1991
1993
1998
2004
2013
Market system
&
Parliamentary democracy
Global and regional forest related activities(UNCED, MCPFE)
Prescribed possible max felling of AAC
Pre-accession negotiations
EU Membership
Compulsory forest management planningObligatory marking trees for felling,
Prescribed possible max felling of AAC
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Research question
• How the international forest governance affect the stability of regulative measures of forest policy in Slovenia (as a post-socialist country)?
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Policy transfer(lesson drawing)
Theoretical framework
Theories of policy
/change (policy difussion, policy transfer (‘policy learning’), ACF)
/stability (path dependency, policy regime).
Theory of policy “unlearning”?
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Global level
Slovenian Forest policy (policy measures)
Policy difussion:ConstructivismCoercionEconomic competitionLearning
Policy transfer(e.g. emulation, lesson drawing)
Theoretical framework
Regional level (EU, Forest Europe)
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Research design
• Case study approach (why/how question, historical and contemporal phenomenon, unability to influence important variables)
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Research design
Goals
Analysis and interpretation of historical
important phenomena
Theory improvement
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWOR
Policy theories
Governance (OMC)
Historical institutionalism
METHODSQualitative approach
Text analysis
Semi-structured problem-centred interviews
VALIDITYTriangulation,
comparative analysis of published case studies
RESEARCH QUESTION:
» How the international forest governance affect the stability of regulative measures of forest policy in Slovenia”
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Research design
• Specifics of Forest policy:– Long term impacts of present decisions
– Involves strong values (emotions)
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Research design
• Specifics of policy making during transition:
– Address urgent and key topics within the time constraints – Considerable uncertainty about the processes and objectives – Rapid change of authoritarian power structures with the new
structure of political actors,– Concentration in the elite and the short period of mobilization of
the masses, who quickly returned to private sphere– Introduction of negotiations in a decision making process.
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Research design
– Context of Slovenian forest policy making (GoFor 2004)
Socio-economics factorsPolitical factorsEcological factors
– Main political actors (GoFor 2004)
AssumptionsPreferencesPolicy position
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Research design
• Who learns?• Who is a teacher?• What it is learned?
Prima facia indicators
Evidence
Social learning Change in policy goals
Changes in dominant causal beliefs in the policy domain
Instrumental learning
Change in instruments
Increased understanding of policy instruments
Political learning
Change in political strategy
Awareness of relationship between political strategy and political feasibility within a given advocacy coalition
May 1992, Radaelli 2009
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Data analysis
• Qualitative analysis– Text analysis (Coding)
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Data collection
• Scientific papers, policy papers, political articles, press releases)
• Semi-structured problem-centred interviews with relevant policy stakeholders (experts, public officials, stakeholders)
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Preliminary results
• EU and Pan European forest policy processes influence political learning in Slovenia to a significant extent, but exercise a much smaller influence on social and instrumental learning.
• Political learning is associated with the stability of forest policy.
Prima facia indicators Evidence
Social learning Change in policy goals Changes in dominant causal beliefs in the policy domain
Instrumental learning
Change in instruments
Increased understanding of policy instruments
Political learning Change in political strategy
Awareness of relationship between political strategy and political feasibility of policy programmes
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
Contribution to COST Action
• Analysis of the EU and pan European forest focused policy processes (multilevel, multi-stakeholder governance) on choice of national forest policy measures
• Analysis of presence of OMC as governance by soft modes in Slovenia
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
• Thank you for your attention!
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
EU and Pan European level of forest governance
Governance by legislation
Governance by cooperation
Governance by soft modes:
- Open method of coordination (includes a notion of learning)
- …
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
EU and Pan European level of ofrest governance
Governance by legislation
Governance by cooperation
Governance by soft modes:
Open method of coordination (includes a notion of learning)
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
• 2; According to Yin (1994), a• case study approach is advisable when
“how” or “why” questions are posed, when• the investigator has little control over
events and when the research focus is on• contemporary phenomena within some
real-life context” (Yin 1994,13).
Milan Šinko - University of Ljubljana
• Lastnosti tranzicije v večini tranzicijskih držav so: obravnavanje nujnih in ključnih tematik v časovnih omejitvah, velika negotovost o procesih in ciljih, hitra sprememba avtoritarne strukture oblasti z novo strukturo političnih igralcev, osredotočenost v elite in kratko obdobje mobilizacije množic, ki so se hitro vrnile v zasebno sfero. Tranzicijo lahko razumemo tudi kot spremenjen način urejanja konfliktov v prehodu iz avtoritarnih režimov v večstrankarske sisteme. S tranzicijo se pojavlja koncept pogajanj v odločanju, kar je za Welsha (1994, 381) ključno v razumevanju tranzicijskih procesov, v katerih morajo pogajalci doseči dogovor, vendar želijo hkrati doseči izid, ki jim ustreza.