Hotspot CustomizationHotspot CustomizationMikrotik User Meeting (MUM) IndonesiaMikrotik User Meeting (MUM) Indonesia

Bali, 13-14 June 2008Bali, 13-14 June 2008

About MeAbout Me• DonnyDonny Fauzan Fauzan• Electrical Engineering Graduate• Software Engineer (Mostly Web) since college• Network Engineer (BSD, Linux & Mikrotik) since

college• Current jobs :

– PT.Pramindo Ikat (Telkom) Wireless Hotspot Network (Setting Mikrotik Hotspot with FreeRadius MySQL, developing HotspotManager for Radius)

– Ministry of Education Accounting (SAI) Network (Setting VPN+OSPF Network, developing client software.

– Training for UFOAKSES Indonesia

AgendaAgenda

• Introduction & basics

• Hotspot setup

• Hotspot Customization

• Q & A

AgendaAgenda

• Introduction & basics

• Hotspot setup

• Hotspot Customization

• Q & A

IntroductionIntroduction• Hotspot : “zero configuration”

– User would not require any setup, everything is done automatically

• Hotspot components– IP Address assignment (DHCP)– DNS relay & cache– NAT & Firewall– Traffic shaping & QoS– AAA (Authentication, Authorization,

Accounting)

AAAAAA• Authentication Captive portal

– User logs in via web interface (http cookie).– Captive means “jailed” or “prisoned”. You can connect

to the AP, but in very restrictive environment.

• Authorization firewall– Walled garden– NAT

• Accounting RADIUS– Postpaid billing– Voucher (prepaid)

ScenarioScenario• User search for wireless network SSID• User find the SSID, then connect without any wi-fi

security (WEP, WPA, WPA2, etc)• User starts browsing• Captive portal will then be shown• User enters his/her login information (user & password)• Mikrotik will check the account supplied against local

user table, and radius server supplied• After the user is verified, the accounting process will be

started. A pop up will be shown, contains connection status

Login Page or “Captive Portal”Login Page or “Captive Portal”

AgendaAgenda

• Introduction & basics

• Hotspot setup

• Hotspot Customization

• Q & A

Step by Step (1)Step by Step (1)• Prepare your wireless interface

– Mode : AP Bridge– SSID : Any string (max. 32 chars)– Band : 2.4 GHz (B/G or G-only)– Frequency : better scan first

• Add wlan interface IP address• Run hotspot wizard

– Interface : to run hotspot on– Gateway address : the router hotspot interface’s IP address– Address pool : for DHCP– Certificate : for https login page– SMTP server : for relaying mails to– DNS server : for clients DNS resolves– DNS name : DNS alias for your router’s hotspot pages– User : for testing purposes

Step by Step (2)Step by Step (2)• Set your hotspot server

– Name : better rename it (ex : myhotspot)

• Set your server profile– General > Name : better rename it (ex: myhotspot-profile)– General > HTML Directory : may be different for multiple AP or

VAP setups– Login > Login By : set

• CHAP (encrypted password), • Cookie (user sessions stored in browser’s as cookies)• HTTPS (in case using https login pages – requires certificate)

– Radius : set • Check “Use Radius”• Check “Accounting”

Hotspot Setup “Wizard”Hotspot Setup “Wizard”

Server ProfileServer Profile

User ProfileUser Profile

Hotspot Servlet PagesHotspot Servlet Pages

AgendaAgenda

• Introduction & basics

• Hotspot setup

• Hotspot Customization

• Q & A

Hotspot Customization ScenariosHotspot Customization Scenarios1. Hotspot with advertisements.2. Hotspot with “walled garden”.3. Limit user bandwidth (using local users table).4. Shared user5. Attach the hotspot to the UserManager6. Attach the hotspot to another Radius server7. Customize the captive portal, by adding simple

changes to login page and/or other servlet pages.

8. Centralize login page on a webserver

(1) Advertisements(1) Advertisements• Advertisement feature could be enabled in user profiles

(there is a “default” profile). • Add another user profile or change the default one.• Go to “advertisement” tab, and check “Advertise”• Insert advertisement pages (for more, click down

arrow)• Set advertisement interval• Example implementation : Ad-Supported Free

Hotspot

(2) Walled Garden(2) Walled Garden• Walled garden : sites that are allowed to be accessed

from the network without being authenticated.• Can be set from Hotspot > Walled Garden tab• Configuration :

– Set action (usually allow)– Set the particular hotspot server (useful for VAP)– Set src address to prohibit certain clients– Set dst address to specify allowed/blocked sites by IP– Set dst host to specify allowed/blocked sites by DNS– Set the port

• Example implementation : Paid Hotspot with external webserver displaying subscription info

(3) Limit User Bandwidth (local)(3) Limit User Bandwidth (local)• Limit user bandwidth, using mikrotik hotspot local user

profile.• Can be set from Hotspot > Profile• Configuration :

– General > Rate Limit (rx/tx)

• Example implementation : Free hotspot

(4) Shared Users(4) Shared Users• One user name can be used more then once, for a

limited number. • Set the limit number of users from Hotspot > Profile• When the shared-users limit for the user's profile is

reached, one will have wait until someone with this username logs out, use different login name or extend the shared-users limit

• Configuration : – General > Shared users (set the maximum limit)

• Example implementation : Limited guest user name for a hotspot

(5) Use UserManager(5) Use UserManager• Download the usermanager package from mikrotik.com/download.html• The User Manager package is included in the all package file named

"Separate packages for Netinstall“• Upload the package to “files”, then reboot• Enable the radius settings in the corresponding Server Profiles > Radius

tab > Use Radius• Add the userman as a radius server in Radius > New Radius Server• Configuration (refer to refman2.9.pdf page 395)

– For “Radius client” for information about the “Services settings” refer to refman– Example setup for wireless hotspot authentication based on username (not

MAC address which is unsecure) : check hotspot & login– Set 127.0.0.1 for address if the userman resides in the AP– Set Radius > incoming to enable the AP receiving and executing radius

attributes & commands

• Go to http://routeraddress/userman• Example implementation : Paid hotspot with prepaid or postpaid users

(6) Use other Radius Server(6) Use other Radius Server• Install Radius server if it hasn’t been installed yet. Alternatives :

FreeRADIUS, XTRadius, Steel-Belted Radius.• Install the database (oracle, mysql, postgres, etc)• Configure the radius

– Set the “secret” word

– Set the Mikrotik’s dictionary in its “dictionary” directory.

– Set the database & prepaid script realms

• Install the “dictionary” for mikrotik. Look for it in :

http://www.mikrotik.com/documentation/manual_2.9/dictionary.mikrotik

• Save in the corresponding directory. In freeradius-Fedora it will be: /usr/share/freeradius/dictionary.mikrotik

• Install the radius management software (or develop one ;))

(6) Use other Radius Server (6) Use other Radius Server (cont’d)(cont’d)

• Add the radius server in Radius > New Radius Server• Refer to refman2.9.pdf page 395 about “Radius client”

for information about the “Services settings”• Configuration (refer to refman2.9.pdf page 395)

– For “Radius client” for information about the “Services settings” refer to refman

– Example setup for wireless hotspot authentication based on username (not MAC address which is unsecure) : check hotspot & login

– Set the radius server’s address & secret (equal to the server)– Set Radius > incoming to enable the AP receiving and

executing radius attributes & commands

(7) Simple Changes(7) Simple Changes• Look for them in Files hotspot• Download using copy-paste• Change on your computer• Re-upload to the router

(8) Centralize the Captive Portal(8) Centralize the Captive Portal• Follow (7) steps• Redirect the login page to your server, using simple

javascript. Don’t forget to include the servlet variables in the URI

• Show your own login page, with action=“POST” & url replaced by the corresponding servlet variable.

• You can also post to your server to be able to fetch some data, and then forward the POST to your AP router.

AgendaAgenda

• Introduction & basics

• Hotspot setup

• Hotspot Customization

• Q & A