midterm injection phase results for the mrcsp large...

Neeraj Gupta

Mark Kelley

Lydia Cumming

Matt Place

Jacqueline Gerst

John Miller

Sanjay Mawalkar

Priya Ravi Ganesh

Midterm Injection Phase Results for the

MRCSP Large-Scale Test

CO2 EOR storage in a pinnacle reef

1Battelle, Columbus, OH; [email protected], 614-424-3820

IEAGHG Monitoring Network Meeting, Lawrence Berkeley, June 10th -12th, 2015

DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement # DE-FC26-0NT42589

mailto:[email protected]

Fourteenth Annual Conference on Carbon Capture, Utilization & Storage

MRCSP Phase III Large-Scale Test Developing potential for commercial-scale CO2 storage and EOR

2

• Support ability to predict

storage capacity estimates

± 30%

• Assess monitoring

technologies to

demonstrate 99% of CO2 is

permanently stored

• Contribute technical

expertise and lessons

learned to develop best

practices

Overarching Goals

• EOR fields in various production life-

cycle included in research


MRCSP Phase III Test Monitoring and Modeling Late-stage reef (Dover 33) main test bed

Gas

Producing

Zone

Oil

Producing

Zone

Dover 33

3


Monitoring Plan for Late Stage ReefA portfolio of technologies

4

Lessons learned will be applied to design the MVA plan for the newly targeted field

ActivityBefore

Injection

Early

Injection

Mid

Injection

Late

Injection

After

Injection

CO2 flow X X X

Pressure and

temperatureX X X X

Wireline logging X X X

Borehole gravity X X

Fluid sampling X X X

VSP X X

Microseismic X Maybe

Satellite radar X X X X X


Diagram of Closed Loop CO2 EOR CycleMonitoring and Accounting for the CO2

5

Fluid production

Fluid Injection

Pure CO2

compressed at

Chester 10

Produced and

Recycled CO2

Compositional Analysis

All produced CO2 is recycled back into system.


Volume of Injected CO2 Monitored During TestNew CO2 from Gas Processing + produced/recycled CO2

6

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,8002/3

/13

4/3

/13

6/3

/13

8/3

/13

10/3

/13

12/3

/13

2/3

/14

4/3

/14

6/3

/14

8/3

/14

10/3

/14

12/3

/14

2/3

/15

Cu

mu

lati

ve C

O2

(MT

)

Inje

cti

on

rate

MT

CO

2/d

ay

Feb 2013 - Mar 2015, CO2 Injected, Active Reefs + Late Stage Reef

Total CO2 (MT) Cumulative Total CO2 (MT)


Historical and Recent CO2 Injection DataLate Stage Reef EOR Operations

7

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

4/1

/96

4/1

/97

4/1

/98

4/1

/99

4/1

/00

4/1

/01

4/1

/02

4/1

/03

4/1

/04

4/1

/05

4/1

/06

4/1

/07

4/1

/08

4/1

/09

4/1

/10

4/1

/11

4/1

/12

4/1

/13

4/1

/14

4/1

/15

Cu

mu

lati

ve C

O2 (

MT

)

Cu

mu

lati

ve O

il (

BB

L)

Late Stage Reef - Cumulative Production/Injection

Cumulative Oil (BBL) Cumulative CO2 Injected (MT)

Cumulative CO2 Produced (MT) Net CO2 in Reef (MT)

Phase III Injection


Recent CO2 Injection Data: Active EOR Reefs Tracking net retention over time and across multiple fields

8

-50,000

-30,000

-10,000

10,000

30,000

50,000

70,000

90,000

110,000

-20,000

-15,000

-10,000

-5,000

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Cu

mu

lati

ve N

ew

CO

2(M

T)

Net

CO

2In

jecte

d (

MT

)

Active EOR Reefs, Net CO2 Injected

Net CO2 Injected (MT) Cumulative Net CO2 (MT)

During initial 15 months, most recycle CO2

directed towards Dover 33 reef

Increasing trend as

Dover 33 fills up


Net CO2 in All Reefs Over Time~1.5M metric tonnes retained since 1996

9

236,063

334,826 356,027 356,680 372,994

476,335

596,930

974,134

1,133,991

1,497,554

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Net

in R

eef

CO

2(M

T)

Net in Reef CO2 (MT)

Dover 33 EOR Unit Dover 36 EOR Unit Dover 35 EOR Unit

Charlton 19 EOR Unit Charlton 30/31 EOR Unit Charlton 6 EOR Unit

Chester 2 EOR Unit Chester 5 EOR Unit Total EOR Net In Reef CO2 (MT)


Pressure MonitoringLate-stage reef pressure response shows slow, long-term decline 6

months after injection

10

11 week test

1 day

test

16 week test

30 week test

Cumulative CO29 day

test


Modeling Pressure ResponseChallenging to match the entire field history

11

• Compositional model setup and

history match (for 1o and 2o

recovery) complete with latest

geologic model formulation

• Challenges with matching post

Jan-2014 pressure observations in

current CO2 injection schedule

• Alternative conceptualization

trials with compositional model to

match injection field observations

Heterogeneous Level 2 SEM

trials

Equivalent Homogeneous Level

2 SEM trials

Computational convenience for sensitivity

trials of history-matched models to match

MRCSP injection field observations


SEM1 Porosity Model - Lithofacies

SEM2 Porosity Model – Sequence Stratigraphic

12

• Limited data available in

late-stage reef (few wells

and no core data)

• Heterogeneous geology

• Difficult to model precisely

Modeling Pressure ResponseStatic earth models built in various levels of geologic detail

Fourteenth Annual Conference on Carbon Capture, Utilization & Storage13

Oil production Gas production

Gas injection Avg. pressure

Modeling Pressure ResponseCompositional Model History Match – Equivalent Homogeneous Level 2 SEM


Permeability,

mD

Heterogeneous level 2

SEM

Equivalent homogeneous

level 2 SEM

Porosity,

fraction

Permeability,

mD

A1 carbonate

Reservoir

Water column

Core

Modeling Pressure ResponseAlternative Model Conceptualization – Level 2 SEMs

Porosity,

fraction

Fourteenth Annual Conference on Carbon Capture, Utilization & Storage15

Modeling Pressure Response (In Progress)Compositional Model MRCSP Injection Response Validation–

Equivalent Homogeneous Level 2 SEM

1-33

55942

51603


Testing Monitoring Technologies:InSAR (Satellite Based Monitoring Technique)

Vegetation and snow are challenging for

radar, but there is a reasonable number of

natural reflectors

16

Artificial reflectors augment the

data for injection monitoring

Thus far, time series displacement

data show no correlation to injection

Times series displacement data for AR 10


PNC Value

• Evaluate CO2 saturation

• Provides monitoring of oil, gas,

and water saturation levels

• PNC logging is an effective

method for verifying

containment in the near

wellbore environment.

• It is inexpensive and easy to

deploy

• Monitoring of wellbore

conditions

Current and Future Work

• Baseline and repeat logging in

late-stage reef

• Current processing includes

analysis of 4 wells in the

Chester 5 and 19 reefs and

Charlton 30/31 reefs

Initial results show an increase in

gas phase caused by secondary

production processes

• Future work: Multiple logging

runs of wells pre- and post-

CO2 injection to determine

liquid CO2 saturation levels

Testing Monitoring Technologies:Pulsed Neutron Capture

18


Gamma

ray

increase

Salt

plugging

Gas increase

Between

2012 and 2014

Cargas 3-2 PNC Logging Runs in 2012 and 2014 Charlton 2-30 PNC Logging Run

Testing Monitoring Technologies:Pulsed Neutron Capture Monitoring for Well Conditions


Testing Monitoring Technologies:Logging a pressurized well with a lubricator tool for pressure control

20


• Gravity meter takes point

measurements along the

injection wellbore

• Data is then converted to

density

• Repeat surveys indirectly

measure the change in CO2

saturation

21

Testing Monitoring Technologies:Borehole Gravity Meter Survey


Borehole Gravity Meter Survey AssessmentModeling exercise for the New EOR Reef

• Battelle provided well logs, formation

top picks, and structure contour grids

• Modeling methods estimated total

change in formation density for 3

injection scenarios

• Assumed density contrast occurring

above OWC

• Built 3D reservoir model (in Oasis

Montaj) and profile (2-½D) reservoir

model

• Simulated borehole gravity (BHG)

stations and computed BHG signals

• Performed by Microg LaCoste

22

Structure map of Brown

Niagaran (top of reef)


Borehole Gravity Meter Survey AssessmentPreliminary modeling predicted detectable signal response in

north/center of new EOR reef

23

Results showing density changes

after CO2 injection All scenarios < +/- 1 µG

MW #1

MW #2

Source: MGL

Depth

Gra

vit

y

Depth

Gra

vit

y

Scenario LOW, 180 kton: +/- 20 µG

Scenario MED, 250 kton: +/- 44 µG

Scenario HIGH, 264 kton: +/- 50 µG


Geochemical Studies: Late-Stage reef shows impact of CO2 relative to new reef

• Collected gas and brine

samples from the new EOR

reef, which has not received

CO2.

• General brine chemistry is

similar between new EOR reef

and late-stage reef

• Isotopically, the brines are

different. Differences in the

δ13C for dissolved carbonate

suggest the brine chemistry is

altered by the injection of CO2.

• Note: the δ13C value has been

corrected for fractionation

resulting from dissolution and

dissociation.

29.031.2

7.2

INJECTED CO2*

DOVER 33 CHARLTON 19

Ave

rag

e

d1

3C

fo

r D

iss

olv

ed

Carb

on

ate

–‰

24


Summary and Future PlansLate-Stage Reef

• ~244,000 tonnes CO2 injection since 2013

• Complete injection – booster pump utilization?

• Complete post injection monitoring

Pressure, PNC logs, gravity, microseismic, VSP, fluid sampling

• Calibrate, optimize static and dynamic models

• Drill and characterize in a validation well? (subject to

further review and approval)

Logging, coring, fluid analysis, ROZ characterization

Incorporate into models and validate

• Incorporate lessons learned into future reef assessments

25


SummaryOverall Status and Next Steps

26

• ~375,000 tonnes net CO2 injected in nine reefs since 2013, including

late stage and active fields

• Significant monitoring and modeling completed to understand closed

reservoir capacity and geologic complexity

• Planning underway to characterize/monitor one other new reef to

reach 1 million tonnes target


Acknowledgements

DOE/NETL has worked with us and our partners to structure a program that

adds to the knowledge base and extends the state-of-the-art.

Core Energy, LLC our host site and CO2 supplier for 10 years of collaboration

under Phase II and Phase III

The Ohio Coal Development Office has provided consistent and significant

cofunding for the regional characterization efforts of the MRCSP

MRCSP’s industrial partners and sponsors

The nine state Geology Surveys and Universities have been essential in

expanding the results into regional implementation plans.

Battelle’s MRCSP team members for work shown here

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midterm injection phase results for the mrcsp large...

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