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10th Monitoring Network Meeting, 10th – 12th June 2015

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Session 3: Permit Requirements under the Three Objectives

of Conformance, Containment and Contingency

Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution

and Maritime Disaster for Offshore

CO2 Storage in Japan

Jun Kita

Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project

Tomakomai City

Tomakomai

• Ministry of Economy, Trade and

Industry (METI)

• Japan CCS Co., Ltd.

http://www.japanccs.com

• 100,000 tonnes/year or more

CO2 is to be stored under the

seabed.

• CO2 injection will start in 2016

and continued to 2018.

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Nagaoka

Regulation for EIA of offshore CO2 storage in JAPAN

Offshore CO2 storage and London Protocol

London Protocol

• London Convention: An agreement to control pollution

of the sea by dumping.

• 1996 Protocol: The Parties are obligated to prohibit the

dumping of any waste or other matter that is not listed in

Annex 1 (the reverse list).

• Adopted on 2006: Carbon dioxide streams may only be

considered for dumping, if disposal is into a sub-seabed

geological Formation”

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Regulation for EIA of offshore CO2 storage in JAPAN

Act for the Prevention of Marine Pollution and

Maritime Disasters

• May 2007: The act was amended for permit procedure

on dumping CO2 stream into sub-seabed formation.

Operator of Offshore CO2 storage,

• Shall receive permission from environment minister.

• Shall implement Environmental Impact Assessment.

• Shall monitor surrounding sea environment.4

Permit application of Offshore CO2 storage in the Act

• Project plan

• Monitoring Plan

• Preliminary Assessment Document

“Estimation of CO2 dispersion and its impact

assessment on the assumption that stored CO2 leaks

out to the sea”

Demonstration Project

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Generic criteria for monitoring

• Conformance

Agreement between observed and predicted

behavior of CO2

• Containment

Proving storage performance in terms of security of

CO2 retention

• Contingency

In terms of leakage quantification and

environmental impacts

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Monitoring requirements in the Act

Conformance

• Characteristic features of CO2 stream*

• Waste quantity*

• Injection pressure/rate*, Pore pressure

Containment

• CO2 distribution in reservoir**

Contingency

• CO2 leakage into marine environment**

* Injection phase only

** Large-scale monitoring

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Conformance

• Characteristic features of CO2 stream

CO2 concentration and impurities

• Waste quantity

Actual achievement at injection facility

• Injection pressure/rate, Pore pressure

Injection/observation well, Simulation

Containment

• CO2 distribution in reservoir

Seismic prospecting, Simulation

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Contingency

• Marine environment

CO2 leakage

Comparing data between baseline and after-the-fact

• Chemical aspect

CO2 concentration in seawater

• Biological aspect

Distribution of marine organisms

Ecosystem

• Maritime aspect

Fisheries, Natural reserve

Tiered Monitoring Plan in the Act

• Normal time monitoring

No indication of leakage

Distinguish leakage signal from natural variability

• Suspicious time monitoring

Possible leakage

Confirm existence or non-existence of leakage

• Abnormal time monitoring

Assured leakage

Determine point and extent of leakage and impact

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Summary

• Act on Prevention of Marine Pollution and Maritime

Disaster stipulate permit application of Offshore CO2

storage in Japan

• Monitoring for conformance and containment can be

achieved by BAT

• Monitoring of CO2 leakage is the major concern

• Tiered approach for leakage detection is required

• Leakage detection and quantification bear technical

improvements

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Thank you for your attention.

Any questions?