Mid-term #2 Review

E-100

What happens when water freezes? Its density decreases.

E-100

What happens when water freezes? Its volume increases.

E-200

Latent heat What is the heat energy involved with the change

of state or phase of water?

E-300

It releases heat and warms the surrounding air What happens when water vapor condenses?

E-400

If you see this cloud, you could expect rain within 24 hours

What is a cirrus cloud?

E-500

Because cold fronts travel 40 kmh while warm fronts travel 25 kmh

Why does occlusion occur in a midlatitude wave cyclone?

E-600

71% What portion of Earth's surface is covered with

water?

E-700

Sea levels dropped by 360 feet What happened to sea levels during the height of

the last ice age?

E-800

Ice caps and glaciers Where is the majority of water today?

E-900

When air is saturated it has reached this What is the dew-point temperature?

E-1000

Why do hurricanes die when they move over land?

They are cut off from their supply of water vapor that provides energy in the form of the latent heat of condensation.

E-1100

Describe the pattern of winds along a cold front.

Wind shifting from southerly to westerly with warm air (mT) being quickly lifted by cold air (mP).

E-1200

What lifting mechanism generates the consistently highest rainfall?

Orographic lifting

E-1300

How thick is the typical air mass? They extend through half the troposphere.

E-1400

ANSWER: They tend to keep the temperature and humidity characteristics of their source region.

QUESTION: Hey, what about the temperature and humidity characteristics of those air masses, huh? And boy are they homogeneous in terms of temperature and humidity!

A-100

An area defined by long term weather patterns What is a climatic region?

A-200

What happens to the annual temperature range as latitude increases?

It also increases.

A-300

What is the correct sequence of climates from equator to poles?

Tropical, arid and semi-arid, mesothermal, microthermal, and polar.

A-400

What is a climate classification system based on causative factors called?

A genetic system.

A-500

What are the factors that cause the deserts in the southwest of the US?

They are located under the ST High, in the interior, with a cold current offshore, and in a leeward position in the rain shadow of big mountains.

E-500

This is the most popular type of climate to live in What is a humid subtropical climate?

B-100

What is the term for the amount of water that would transpire or evaporate if available?

POTET or potential evapotranspiration

B-200

Forces from inside Earth are termed this, while forces outside Earth are termed this

What are endogenic and exogenic forces?

B-300

This is the belief that Earth is very young and shaped by catastrophies, while this is the theory that Earth is very old and shaped gradually

Catastrophism and uniformitarianism.

B-400

This is the correct sequence of the layers of Earth from center to outside

What is the inner core, outer core, lower mantle, upper mantle, asthenosphere, uppermost mantle, and crust?

B-500

These are the defining characteristics of Mediterranean climates

What are bounded by the polar front and ST high, west coast, cold current offshore, desert to the equator and moist to the poles, and 70% of rain falling in the winter?

B-600

When are the dry and wet seasons with monsoon climates?

Dry in the winter, wet in the summer.

B-700

What kinds of rain do humid subtropical climates get in summer and winter?

Convective (thunderstorms) in summer, frontal or cyclonic storms in winter.

B-800

Why are Mediterranean climates dry in the summer?

Because the subtropical high is overhead, thats why.

B-900

Where are microthermal or snowy forest climates found?

They are found in the northern hemisphere because of they are caused by continentality.

Except for highland regions in the southern hemisphere.

C-100

These are some of the predicted consequences of global warming

What is catastrophic flooding, spread of tropical disease, change in forest composition, extinction of up to 1/3 species, and changes in international trade (esp. agricultural)?

C-200

What has happened to global CO2 since 1825? What is doubled?

C-300

This occurs when ground water is removed at a rate faster than it is being replaced.

Groundwater mining.

C-400

How thick is Earth’s crust? 5 to 60 km.

C-500

Continental crust is chemically similar to this rock, while oceanic crust is chemically similar to this rock

Granite (continental crust) and basalt (oceanic crust.)

D-100

Oceanic crust has this density, while continental crust has this density

3.0 g/cm3 and 2.7 g/cm3

D-200

When they converge this type of crust always subducts because of this reason.

Oceanic crust subducts because it is more dense (3.0 g/cm3) than continental crust (2.7 g/cm3.)

D-300

What are some of the main supports for plate tectonics?

Magnetic field patterns in rocks, distribution of fossils, paleoclimatic evidence, continental margin fit, depths and patterns of earthquakes, patterns of volcanism, and the equal ages of rocks on either side of spreading centers.

D-400

When did Pangaea break apart? 225 mya.

D-500

Plate boundaries are associated with these: Rifting (spreading), subduction, earthquakes,

and volcanoes.

D-600

What formed the Hawai'ian islands? A plume of magma from the mantle.