WWII Causes

mid-1920s with the worldwide overproduction of farm products resulting lower prices and profits for

farmers.October, 1929 the U.S. stock market

“crashed,” investors panicked, pulled their money out of Europe,

World Widesold their U.S. stocks at cut-rate prices, banks closed, industry declined, unemployment & numbers of homeless

The Great Depression

Lost Faith in DemocracyDiscouraged masses began following

dictatorial political leaders who offered “simple solutions” to problems.Germany- Weimar Republic collapsed

Totalitarianism rose

How does a bad economy allow dictators to rise to power?

Discuss

Benito Mussolini became dictator of Italy as head of the Fascist Party pro-militarism, one-party rule, single leader, patriotic and nationalistic

RISE OF TOTALITARIAN REGIMES

Mussolini formed bands of armed Fascists (squadristi, Blackshirts) to attack Socialist Groups

Extreme Right WingMiddle class industrialists &

large landowners supported Mussolini.

His rise to Power

Fascists threatened to march on Rome, so King Victor Emmanual III made Mussolini the

prime minister.“Il Duce” created a dictatorship that suspended

freedom of the press, made laws by decree, had one-party rule, gave police unrestricted authority

March on Rome- Mussolini Takes Power

What are some Fascist Ideals?

White Board

fascist youth groups was to create a new generation fit, disciplined and militaristic.

Schools pushed propaganda.

traditional roles of women as homemakers and mothers.

Italian Fascist Goals

Lateran Accords = Catholicism as theofficial state religion. In return the pope urged Italians to support the Fascists.

Church & State United

After Lenin Death 1924 power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin

Stalin Takes power in 1928

Stalin in Soviet Union

1928 started first Five-Year Plan

(economic goals for five-year periods.)

It emphasized maximum production of arms, capital goods, oil & steel production.

Joseph Stalin’ (man of steel.)

quest for power and paranoid personality led him to remove all opponents

Eight million Russians were arrested forced to confess sent to labor camps (gulags) and/or executed.

Great Purge

Write 2 similarities and differences between Stalin and Mussolini

White Board

He was an ultra-nationalist (German “master race of Aryans”), anti-Semitic racist, anti-communist, militaristand expansionist

Gifted orator who effectively used the political party, propaganda and terror.

HITLER- Germany

Early uprising crushed Hitler was imprisoned,

wrote Mein Kampf, which explained the Social Darwinian theory of struggle and the right of Germans to lebensraum(living space).

Starts the Nazi Party

After prison, he greatly expanded his party’s membership throughout Germany.

By 1932, the Nazis were largest political party in the Reichstag.

Unemployment and depression made extremists more popular. Right-wing elites looked to Hitler.

Nazi Party Grows

What allowed Hitler to take full power legally?

White Board

1933, Pres Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor.

Reichstag building was burned and a communist blamed.

“legal seizure”of govt. with Enabling Act.

Government jobs were purged of Jews and communists.

Concentration camps created for opponents

Hitler rise to power(Review from Weimar)

Hindenburg died in 1934, presidency abolished & Hitler became dictator.

Public required to pledge total loyalty to him as “Fuhrer.”

Nazi goal was create a totalitarian Aryan racial state of the Third Reich

Hitler Becomes Dictator

Nuremberg Laws excluded Jews from German citizenship, from marriage to Gentiles and were required to wear yellow Stars of David.

Attacking Jews

burned synagogues, destroyed Jewish businesses,

Jews were barred from public transportation, buildings, schools, hospitals & prohibited from owning or working in stores.

Kristallnacht

Why did Hitler start promoting anti-Semitic views as opposed to going straight into the Holocaust

Discuss

1935 creation of the Luftwaffe (air force), thedraft and expansion of the army from 100,000 to 550,000 troops.

sent troops into the demilitarized Rhineland.

Britain began policy of appeasement.

League of Nations weak failed to enforce restrictions of Versailles

Hitler defies Versailles

In 1935, he invaded Ethiopia & was condemned

by Western powers, LoN does nothing

Italy becomes Aggressive

What are some things that made the L o N so weak?

White Board

In 1936, Germany & Italy helped Francisco Franco win Spanish Civil War and started an alliance, the Rome-Berlin Axis.

AXIS Alliances are formed

General Francisco Franco overthrew the republican govt. w. the help of the fascist regimes of Italy & Germany and set up a dictatorship which supported clergy and the rich.

The Soviets and international volunteers unsuccessfully aided the republicans.

Spanish Civil War(Review)

(Review)Spain became testing ground for new

weapons & strategies of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force.) Pablo Picasso’s painting of “Guernica” reflected the suffering caused by the bombings.

In 1938, Hitler forced the Austrian chancellor to put Nazis in power.

New govt. “invited” German troops in &Hitler annexed Austria

 

Anschluss

Hitler demanded the Sudetenland (part of Czechoslovakia.) Given this land by Western Nations

appeased Hitler in return for his promise to not make more demands.

British PM Neville Chamberlain called it “peace for our time.”

1939, Hitler took Western Czechoslovakia Eastern portion was turned into the “puppet

state” of Slovakia

Munich Conference:

to Parliament after Czechoslovakia’s betrayal at the Munich Conference:

“We are in the presence of a disaster of the first magnitude… And do not suppose that this is the end. This is only the beginning…”

Winston Churchill’s warning

What lands did Hitler take and how did he justify the taking of each?

Discuss

After Hitler demanded port city of Danzig, Britain promised to protect new independent country of Poland from Nazi aggression.

Hitler wants Poland

Fearful of a two-front war, Hitler signed the peace alliance with USSR

Stalin was promised control of east Poland and the Baltic states

September 1, 1939 Hitler attacked Poland. Britain & France declared war. WWII had begun!

Nazi-Soviet Pact

September 1, 1939 Hitler attacked Poland. Britain & France declared war.

WWII had begun!

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Invasion of Poland