Gazala Pravin, Dr. A.K. Rastogi

Institute for excellence in higher Education Bhopal

(M.P.)

wireless communication means to

transfer information over long or short

distance without using any wires

An antenna is defined a usually metallic

device (as a rod or wire) for radiating or

receiving radio waves.

the antenna is the transitional structure

between free-space and a guiding device

it is used to transport electromagnetic energy from the transmitting source to the antenna or from the antenna to the receiver, the antenna can be in a form of microstrip.

It is a type of electrical transmission line which

can be fabricated using printed circuit board

used to convey microwave frequency signals.

Microstrip Patch Antennas:

In various communications and radar systems, microstrip array

antennas are greatly desired. They are used, to synthesize a

required pattern that cannot be achieved with a single element.

2˟1 Array 4˟1 Array 1˟4 Array

Radar stands for RAdio Detection and Ranging. It

refers to the use of radio waves to detect objects and determine the distance (range) to the object.

C band radars operate on a wavelength of 3.75-7.5 cm and a frequency of 4-8 GHz. Because of the wavelength and frequency, the dish size does not need to be very large. This makes C band radars affordable for TV stations. The signal is more easily attenuated, so this type of radar is best used for short range weather observation. The frequency allows C band radars to create a smaller beam width using a smaller

dish. C band radars also do not require as much power as an S band radar.

For satellite communications, the microwave frequencies of the C-band perform better under adverse weather conditions in comparison with Ku band (11.2 GHz to 14.5 GHz) microwave frequencies, which are used by another large set of communication satellites.

Sonnet employs the Method of

Moment (MOM), brilliant

graphics to give you

unparalleled performance and

insight to all of your 3D EM

problems. Sonnet can be used

to calculate parameters such as

S-Parameters, Resonant

Frequency, and Fields.

•Substrate =FR-4

•Dielectric constant(εr) =4.4

•Frequency (fr) =4.2 GHz

•Height (h) =12.6

•width (W) =6.5

Width

The effective dielectric constant (εeff)

Calculation of the actual length of

the patch (L):

The effective length (Leff)

Finally, the optimum dimension of patch antenna on

FR-4 substrate for C band Radar applications has been

investigated.

The return loss of double E-Shaped is-55.47 and the

VSWR is found to be 1.003 at resonant frequencies of

E shape patch.

The performance properties are analyzed for the

optimized dimensions and the proposed antenna works well at the required 4.2GHz frequency band.

I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Alok Kumar Rastogi (Prof. & Head, Department of Physics & Electronics, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Bhopal) for his learned guidance and invaluable support in the preparation of this research paper. I would also like to acknowledge the publishers and developers of Sonnet 13.56 software whose tools were of immense assistance in completing my research.

I would also like to thank to Maulana Azad National Fellowship (UGC) for financial support.

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