MicroorganismsViruses & Bacteria

Title Date U7-2

Microorganisms

Viruses Bacteria

The Current System What is the largest category? What is alive? They must have the 8

characteristics of life. Biotic vs. Abiotic Is a virus alive?

Life ? What is a virus? Hereditary

material with a protein coat.

Does it have the 8 characteristics of life?

Lets review.

The 8 Characteristics of Life Does a virus have all 8?

1. Made of Cells2. Has DNA3. Needs Energy and Materials4. Reproduces5. Grows and Develops6. Reacts to the Environment7. Maintains Homeostasis 8. Has Adaptations

Virus Life Lytic InfectionLytic Infection – Viral DNA takes over host

cell and makes it reproduce the virus. The cell pops releasing millions more viruses.

Lysogenic InfectionLysogenic Infection – Virus DNA hides in the genome of the infected organism. The DNA can re-enter the lytic cycle.

PathogenPathogen – anything that causes disease.

Draw This! Explain It!Draw This! Explain It!

Viral Viral InfectionsInfections

Viral - Common Cold

Viral - Influenza A virus that causes cold and flu

like symptoms. This virus evolves into a different

strain each year. Thus a new vaccination is required

each year. (A flu shot) This virus can be airbourne or on

the surfaces of things.

Viral - Smallpox Causes small bumps all over the body. The person dies of complications. Massive vaccination efforts have completely

wiped this virus out. It no longer is a

threat to humans… Unless the stored

viruses get loose.

Viral - Polio Causes a fever and headache. Can leave the digestive track and go after

nerve cells. Can cause

paralysis and death. Mostly wiped

out from vaccines.

Iron Lung

Viral - Chicken Pox Red itchy rash Usually you only get it

once in a life time. It can goes lysogenic

and then reappears as shingles in immuno-suppressed adults.

Viral - West Nile Transmitted by a

mosquito vectorvector. It’s spreading fast. Causes fever and

sometimes death.

Viral - Hepatitis Causes jaundice,

fatigue, and stomach pain

Comes from food and drink with contaminated feces.

Can destroy your liver.

Viral - Herpes Sexually transmitted

disease. Causes sores on the

genitals or mouth. Can hide in the

lysogenic cycle for years undetected.

Viral - Warts Raised itchy bumps. Some are sexually

transmitted and on the genitals.

Viral - HIV / AIDS The HIV virus is a blood born pathogen. You must exchange, breast milk, blood,

semen, or vaginal fluids to catch it. HIV infects the T-Cells of the immune

system. This lessens the immune response to other

invaders. AIDS is when the immune system is so

weakened that a person dies from the cold or something common.

Domain?All life has cells.

Not all cells are the same.

What kinds of cells do we know of? Prokaryotes – no “membrane bound”

organelles, very small, bacteria, circular DNA, most abundant on Earth.

Eukaryotes – has “membrane bound” organelles (e.g. nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast), large, unicellular or multicellular, linear DNA

5 Kingdom System Eukaryote Cells

Animalia - heterotrophs, multicellular, internal digestion

Plantae - autotrophs, multicellular, cell walls

Fungi - heterotrophs, multicellular, cell walls, external digestion

Protista - autotrophs, heterotrophs (unicellular or multicellular), some have cell walls

Prokaryote Cells Monera -

autotrophs, heterotrophs, unicellular, cell walls

Classifying Millions of Bacteria Metabolism

Respiration Type Anaerobic Aerobic

Heterotrophs Autotrophs

Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis

Movement Living Environment Cell Walls DNA analysis

Growth and Reproduction Binary Fission Conjugation Spore formation

Shapes

Bacterial InfectionsBacterial Infections

Archaeabacteria are Archaeabacteria are extremophiles.extremophiles.

Bacterial - Tetanus Clostridium

tetani Bacteria in rusty

metal. Causes muscle

spasms, paralysis, death.

Bacterial - Lyme Disease Borrelia burgdorferi Fever, headaches, and

muscle aches. Deer Tick vectorvector.

Bacterial - Tuberculosis Mycobacterium

tuberculosis Night sweats,

chronic cough Very

contagious Forms cyst like

material in the lungs.

Bacterial - Diphtheria Corynebacterium

diphtheria Sore throat, fever,

swollen neck Death if untreated

Bacterial - Meningitis Neisseria meningitidis Bacteria that gets into the spine

and brain. Spreads easily in young children. Can cause deafness and

blindness.

Bacterial - Flesh Eating Bacteria Necrotizing

fasciitis Bacteria that

will eat away at your flesh.

Very hard to treat.

Bacterial - Cholera Vibrio cholerae Comes from ingesting

contaminated water. You get a fatal

diarrhea. It turns on membrane

water pumps in intestine cells.

Better sanitation has limited its spread in modern society.

Bacterial - Tooth Decay Streptococcus mutans Bacteria eat sugars in

the mouth. Brush your teeth

regularly. Don’t eat too

much sugar,syrups, sucking candy.

Bacterial - Strep Throat Streptococcus

pyogenes Sore throat, swollen

glands.

Viral or Bacterial - Pneumonia When a viral, or

bacterial infection reaches the lower part of your lungs.

Serious cold. Can cause death in

young and old people.

Bacterial - Treatment Bacterial infections can be treated by

antibiotics. What happens

if a person only takes a little bit of antibiotics?