Figure 1.1A

(A)

(B)

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

(A)

(B)

(C)

Figure 2.2

(A)

(B)

Figure 2.7 Figure 2.9

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Figure 2.11

Figure 2.19

Figure 3.11

(A)

(B)

Figure 3.28

Cyanobacteriaand algae

Green phototrophs

Ana

erob

icA

erob

ic

Purple phototrophs

Figure 3.29

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Photo-systems

1st Level 2nd Level 3rd Level 4th Level 5th Level

DecomposersMutualists

Root feeders

ShreddersGrazers

Predators

Higher levelpredator

Decomposers

Highestlevel

predators

(A)

(B)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(G)

(H) (I)

(J)

(K)

(L)

(M)

(N)

(C)

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.4

Organicmatter

Water

Air

Sand

Silt

Clay

Figure 4.9

Figure 4.10

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Bacterial cells

Numerous bacterial cell canbe seen in this image, someclustered and some single

Virus-like

Afghan soil. 1000x oil mag.

Afghan soil sample, 400xmag., small brightfluorescing dots scatteredthroughout this image arebacteria attached to soilparticles. Arrows point to afew of many

Virus-like particlesappear as fine pinpricks of light

Figure 4.14

(A)

(B)

Gram positive cells

Gram negative cells

Figure 5.3

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Figure 5.4

Red formazan crystals

Figure 5.5

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(A) (B)

Figure 5.6

Figure 5.10

Figure 5.13

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Figure 5.14

Figure 6.5

Figure 6.6

Figure 6.7

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N2

NH3

NH3

Peribacteroid membrane

LeghemoglobinBacteroidRoot

Glutamine

Figure 7.17

Figure 8.1

Protist A

Wood

Glucose-6-P

AcetateTG1

(endosymbiont)

Gln

Amino acids& cofactors

Amino acids& cofactors

Spirochetes& other bacteria

Protist BAcetogens

Sugar

BacteriaBacteria

Termitehost

N2N2NH3

CO2

CO2 H2

H2

NH3

Figure 8.4

EsophagusOmasum Abomasum

Intestine

100–250 L

Dry matter = 10–18%Bacteria = 1010–1011/gProtozoa = 104–106/g

Gas phase = CO2 (65%)

CH4 (27%)

N2 (7%)

Reticulum

Rumen

Figure 8.9 Figure 9.2

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(A)

(B)

Figure 9.9

Figure 9.12

Figure 9.13

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Figure 10.1

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Figure 10.17

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

Figure 11.1

(A) (B)

Figure 11.5

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(A)

(B)

(C)

Figure 11.12

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

Figure 12.1

Figure 12.3

Figure 12.4

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Ensilage

Figure 12.17

A

B

Figure 12.12

Figure 12.11

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Figure 12.21

Figure 13.22

Figure 13.9

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