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Michigan Water
Environment Association
The Importance of O&M Manuals
at Wastewater Treatment Plants
Presented by: Paul Romano, P.E.
Kalamazoo Office Director
Jones & Henry Engineers Ltd.
Ph.# (269) 353-9650
Michigan Water
Environment Association
The Importance of O&M Manuals
at Wastewater Treatment Plants
About your presenter:Paul Romano, P.E. is the Kalamazoo Regional Office
Director for Jones & Henry Engineers, Ltd. He has 23
years of experience as a Project Manager, a Project
Engineer and a City Engineer. Since joining Jones &
Henry in 1999, he has managed numerous
environmental engineering projects for small to mid-
sized clients in Michigan, Ohio and Indiana.
O&M ManualsAn O&M manual serves as a primary guide for the operation of a wastewater treatment plant. It is intended to acquaint plant personnel with the treatment processes and the methods of operating and controlling these processes.
O&M Manuals
The O&M Manual is not intended to serve as the
only reference for managing the WWTP. Not every
situation can be predicted and corrective procedures
cannot be established ahead of time. Well trained
operators must not only rely on the O&M Manual, but
other resources as well, such as construction and
shop drawings, manufacturer’s manuals, and general
wastewater references in able to make decisions
during crisis situations. Well trained personnel are
the key to the success of a wastewater treatment
plant.
O&M Manuals
Format
Operations
Maintenance
Administration
Regulators
Format of O&M Manual
•Items need to be found quickly in case of an
emergency
•Needs to be continuously updated
•Needs to be well tabbed and referenced
•Typical sections to include
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WASTEWATER TREATMENT CONCEPTS
3. PERMITS & STANDARDS
Format of O&M Manual
•Typical sections to include
4. OPERATION AND CONTROL
5. POLLUTION CONTROL
6. MAINTENANCE
7. SAFTEY
Format of O&M Manual
• Typical sections to include
8. TREATMENT
a) PRELIMINARY e) SLUDGE
b) PRIMARY f) NON-POTABLE
c) SECONDARY g) ELECTRICAL
d) TERTIARY
Operational Uses of O&M Manuals
• Equipment operating guidelines as
defined by the design engineer
• Process limits and capabilities
• Operator training should be
recommended
• Emergency procedures - alternative
operating modes
• Safety - OSHA, NFPA, Confined
Space
Operational Uses of O&M Manuals
• Knowledgeable operators are better equipped to handle adverse conditions during emergencies or process upsets
• Documented equipment characteristics can be referenced during non typical operational conditions
Operational Uses of O&M Manuals
•New operators should be required to read manual
•Employees should be encouraged to check
reference sources to make sure they are up to date
•Operators can familiarize themselves with the IPP
program and sewer use ordinance
•Stress that the operations principle goal is public
health, safety, and welfare.
Maintenance Uses of O&M Manuals
• Manufacturer defined preventative
maintenance intervals
• Equipment refill capacities and
lubrication requirements
• Part number and manufacturer
contact information
Maintenance Uses of O&M Manuals
•Standard Equipment maintenance forms
should be available in the manual
•These forms should be computerized
•Allows for cost of maintenance to be
compiled over the life of the equipment
•Warranty information should be referenced in
case of periodic failures
Administrative Uses for O&M Manuals
•Quantify the use of obsolete equipment and
processes
•Aid in asset management planning
•Provide assistance to insurers regarding
equipment sizing and function
•Assist in budget and capital improvement planning
•Applicable ordinances should be referenced in
manual ( such as those that mandate preventative
maintenance programs)
•Promote ideas for good public relations
• WWTP basis of design
• Identify equipment on hand and
processes used for treatment
• NPDES permit limits clearly defined
• Assistance for trouble shooting -
noncompliance
• A copy of the NPDES permit and
applicable state administrative code
kept in the manual
Regulatory Uses for O&M Manuals
Regulatory Uses for O&M Manuals
•Common control problems that may lead to
violations
Foaming, Frothing, Hydraulic Washout, Shock
Loads
•Probable causes and remedies included in the
manual
•Alternative operational modes, such as step feed in
wet weather
• Manuals must remain in all control rooms
• Operators should be encouraged to read through the O&M Manual prior to having to rely on its use
Placement and Access of O&M Manuals
Updating O&M Manuals
• Only current and up to date O&M Manuals can be useful to the operation of the WWTP
• As the process receives upgrades and changes, the O&M manual shall also be updated
• Design engineers and operations staff should work together to ensure clear concise operational instructions are used
• Flow schematics throughout the entire plant to include utilities and chemical distribution systems
• Electrical distribution and tiebreaker usage
• Hydraulic profile at design flow including detention times
• Equipment specific characteristics and data
• Location of original plant shop drawings
Common Contents of O&M
Manuals
• Educational Development
Microbiology and Activated Sludge theory
Applied mathematics
Chemistry
Additional Resources Provided
by the O&M Manual
•The O&M Manual can serve as an
educational tool to assist operators with
certification exams
•Should have examples of performing
various test such as % removal, F/M Ratio,
SDI, etc
Preparing the O&M Manual
The following provides a recommended outline for
the preparation of O&M Manuals. The general
content is listed followed by suggested details for
each section.
– Include a Table of Contents
– Tab Sections as Appropriate
– Identify the author of the manual. Preferably, the author
should be the Professional Engineer who designed the
facility.
– This O&M manual should be provided to the owner and
reviewing agencies in both paper and electronic format.
• Description of Unit Processes
• Control of Unit Processes
• Common Operating and Control Problems
• Alternate Operational Modes
• Emergency Operations and Failsafe Features
• Provide a discussion of plant start-up
procedures
• Equipment Maintenance Summary
• Safety
Preparing the O&M Manual
• Provide list of WWTP operating references.
• Provide a copy of municipality’s sewer use
ordinance and pretreatment ordinance.
• Phone Numbers: List emergency phone numbers
and contacts for all the utilities serving the facility,
including electrical, telephone, gas, water, fire,
hazmat, and emergency rescue.
• Post startup addendum. This section should be
provided to the operator to address any issues or
alterations to the manual as a result of changes in
intended operations during startup.
Preparing the O&M Manual
Example Contents
HEADWORKS BUILDING
1. Equipment Characteristics:
2. Principles of Operation:
3. Controls:
4. Controls of Operation:
Example Contents
Case Example
•Client (not Michigan) asked after SSO to
provide emergency procedures to state
regulators
•No formal procedure had been established
at the WWTP
•No O&M Manual with S.O.P.’s was “on the
shelf”
•Community cited for not having “up to date”
O&M manual
Case Example
•Began effort to compile from various product
manuals at the WWTP
•Records were not good, with no way of
knowing if any upgrades had been made to
the original equipment
•Viewed negatively by staff (job security
issues)
•Old technology accepted by staff
Case Example
•No push to update equipment and improve
efficiency
•S.O.P’s not really following those at
traditional facilities (I.E. F/M Ratio)
•When that staff leaves (“Brain Drain”) no
formal procedures will be left behind
•Too late at that point
Conclusion• O&M Manuals are an important asset that
are vital to the operation of wastewater
treatment plants
• O&M Manuals serve more than one purpose
and can be used as valuable reference and
educational guides
