mexico’s diagnostic on disability - abc … national institute of statistic, geography and data...
TRANSCRIPT
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Mexico’s Diagnostic on Disability Prepared for The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Office in Costa Rica by María Eugenia Antúnez Farrugia Andrés Balcázar de la Cruz
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1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ................................................................................................ 2 2. Abbreviations....................................................................................................... 4 3. Basic Profile ........................................................................................................ 5 4. Philosophical Frame............................................................................................ 6
4.1. Approach on Disability .................................................................................. 6 5. Conceptual Frame............................................................................................... 6
5.1. Mexican definitions ....................................................................................... 6 5.1.1. Definitions according to People with Disabilities Law. ............................ 6 5.1.2. Definitions according to General Health Law. ........................................ 7
5.2. 4.2 Legal Framework .................................................................................... 7 5.2.1. Ratified International Treaties ................................................................ 7
5.3. Laws ............................................................................................................. 7 5.3.1. Legal Framework interpretation and implementation............................ 18
6. Management and Organization of Disability Issues........................................... 19 6.1. Director Body .............................................................................................. 19 6.2. Public Sector Organizations........................................................................ 20 6.3. The Roll of Civil Society Organizations. ...................................................... 21 6.4. Disability related International Cooperation Actions.................................... 22
7. Public Policies ................................................................................................... 23 8. Information Registry .......................................................................................... 24
8.1. Census........................................................................................................ 24 8.2. Information obtained visited institutions that have public information or from the ones that answered upon request................................................................ 26 8.3. Disclosure and Application of ICF............................................................... 29
9. Proposed Indicators ......................................................................................... 30 9.1. Persons with Disability’s Population Profile, according to the Geography and Data Processing National Institute (Data from the General Census of Population and Housing 2000)........................................................................... 31
9.1.1. Basic Data............................................................................................ 31 9.1.2. Education ............................................................................................. 32 9.1.3. Labor .................................................................................................... 34 9.1.4. Health................................................................................................... 37
10. Current Situation ............................................................................................. 39 10.1.1. Health................................................................................................. 39
10.2. Education.................................................................................................. 42 10.3. Labor......................................................................................................... 42 10.4. Information and Communication ............................................................... 44 10.5. Social Security .......................................................................................... 45 10.6. Accessibility .............................................................................................. 45
10.6.1. Housing .............................................................................................. 46 10.6.2. Transport ............................................................................................ 47
10.7. Community Based Rehabilitation.............................................................. 47 10.8. Discrimination ........................................................................................... 47
11. Conclusions..................................................................................................... 49
3 12. Bibliography..................................................................................................... 50
12.1. Documents................................................................................................ 50 12.2. Interviews.................................................................................................. 52
13. Appendix 1, Results regarding disability from the National Health Survey 200............................................................................................................................... 54 14. Aprendix 2, Information from Teleton Foundation. .......................................... 62 15. Anexo 4, Actividades de la Asociación Piña Palmera A.C. ............................. 65
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2. Abbreviations APAC Association in Favor of Persons with Cerebral Paralysis CMIC National Chamber of the Building Industry CANADEVI National Chamber of the Housing Development and Promotion CNDH Human Rights National Commission
CODIS National Advising Council for the Integration of Persons with
Disability CONADE National Sport Commission CONAFOVI National Commission on Housing Development
CONAPO National Council of Population CONAPRED National Council for the Prevention of Discrimination CONFE Mexican Federation of Organizations in Favor of Persons with
Intellectual Disabilities. DIF National System for the Family’s Integral Development DIF-DF National System for the Family’s Integral Development, Mexico
City Branch FONHAPO National Fund for Popular Housing FOVISSSTE Housing Fund of the Institute of Services and Social Security of
the State’s Workers IMSS Mexican Social Security Institute INDAABIN Institute for the Administration and Economic Evaluation of
National Facilities INEGI National Institute of Statistic, Geography and Data Processing INFONAVIT Institute of the National Fund for Worker’s Housing ISSSTE Institute of Services and Social Security of the State’s Workers INR National Rehabilitation Institute INSP National Public Health Institute NOM Official Mexican Standard ONU United Nations ORPIS Mexican Presidency’s Office for the Promotion and Social
Integration of Persons with Disability PREVER-DIS Program of Action for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of
Disabilities PROFECO Consumer Protection Federal Bureau SAGARPA Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food SCT Ministry of Communications and Transports SEDESOL Ministry of Social Development SEP Ministry of Public Education SHF Federal Mortgage Society STPS Ministry of Labor and Social Prevision
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3. Basic Profile
Indicator 1990 1995 2000 Total Population 81,249,645 91,158,290 97,483,412Average population annual growing rate a/ 2.6 2 1.9Fertility Rate b/ 3.2 2.9 2.4Mortality Rate 5.1 4.6 4.3Life Expectancy 70.8 73.6 75.3Average Age 19 21 22Schooling Average 6.6 ND 7.3Schooling Delay Rate 62.9 56.7 52.6Economic participation rate c/ 53.6 55.6 55.7Unemployed Population 659,870 ND 424,644Total of Houses (family houses) 16,035,233 19,361,472 21,513,235Average occupancy per house 5 4.7 4.4Population with Disability ND ND 1,795,300.00Población hablante de lengua indígena 5,282,347 5,483,555 6,044,547Percentage of Catholics 89.7 ND 87.9Percentage of rural population 28.7 26.5 25.4
a/ Data of 1990 correspond to 1970-1990 period; for 1995, to 1990-1995; and 2000, for 1990-2000 period.
b/ Data of 1990 correspond to 1992.
c/ Data of 1990 correspond to 1991.
d/ Refugees nor houses without information of occupants included
ND Not Available
Source: INEGI. XI General Census of Hosing and Population 1990. Aguascalientes, Ags. 1992.
INEGI. Counting of Population and Housing, 1995. Aguascalientes, Ags. 1997.
INEGI. XII General Census of Hosing and Population, 2000. Aguascalientes, Ags. 2001.
CONAPO. Mexico’s Population Projections
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4. Philosophical Frame
4.1. Approach on Disability Since 1995 the country has tried to put aside the medical model and adopt a human rights and developmental oriented approach, establishing in that year the “CONVIVE Program.” Later on, in the year 2000 President Vicente Fox established the Mexican Presidency’s Office for the Promotion and Social Integration of Persons with Disability (ORPIS) and the National Advising Council for the Integration of Persons with Disability (CODIS). In June 2005 the Mexican Congress passed the General Law for Persons with Disabilities which represented a step backwards (to the medical model), as the Ministry of Health is now the responsible of all disability issues. Additionally the Law mandates the abolishment of ORPIS and CODIS.
5. Conceptual Frame
5.1. Mexican definitions 1.1.1 Definitions according to Mexican Official Standard NOM-
173-SSA1-1998, for integral attention to people with disabilities.
Disability: absence, restriction or loss of skill to perform an activity in a certain way or within certain limits, which are considered normal for a human being. Rehabilitation: set of measures designed to improve the capacity of a person to perform by himself/herself the necessary activities for his/her physical, mental, social, occupational and economical development, through orthesis, prosthesis, functional aids, reconstructive surgery or any other procedure which allows him/her to integrate into society.
5.1.1. Definitions according to People with Disabilities Law.
Disable person: Any person having a physical, mental or sensitive deficiency, either of permanent or temporary nature, limiting his/her capacity to perform one or more essential activities of common life, which may be caused or worsen by the economic or social environment.
7 Rehabilitation: limited lasting process with a defined objective of medical, social and educational order, among others, aimed at providing the means to facilitate a disable person to reach an optimum physical, mental or sensitive standard, so he/she may compensate the loss of a function as well as to provide him/her with a better social integration.
5.1.2. Definitions according to General Health Law. This law (amended in June, 2005), does not mention the term “people with disability”, simply referring to invalidity with the following definition: the limitation on a person’s capacity to perform by himself/herself, the necessary activities for his/her physical, mental, social, occupational and economical development, as a consequence of having a somatic, physiological or social insufficiency.
4.2 Legal Framework
5.2.1. Ratified International Treaties International Labor Organization: C159 Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, 1983 Ratified by Mexico on April 5th 2001 Inter American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Toward Persons with Disabilities Ratified by Mexico on January 25th 2001
5.3. Laws [Title] Persons with disabilities General Law [Issuance Year] 2005 [Purpose] To establish the grounds for allowing the full inclusion of
persons with disabilities in all aspects of life, within a frame of equally and compared opportunities.
[Description] Allows the implementation of Public Political Programs, created since seven years ago, at a national level. [Title] Federal Code for Voting Institutions and Procedures [Issuance Year] 1990, last amendment in 2003. [Purpose] To regulate the constitutional rules regarding the
political/electoral rights and obligations of citizens; the organization, functions and prerogatives of political parties and groups; and the state function of organizing the election of members for Legislative and Executive Powers of the country.
[Description] Allows physically unable voters to mark and cast a vote, to be assisted by a trusty person of his/her own accompanying him/her.
8 [Title] Federal Civil Code [Issuance Year] 1928, last amendment: 2004 [Purpose] [Descripción] Does not refer to “disability” but to legal incapacities only including minors and “The people with lack of or decreased intelligence or distraught of her, although they have lucid interval; and those that suffer any affection originated by disease or continuing deficiency of physical, psychological or sensorial character or for the addiction to toxic substances, like alcohol, psychotropic or narcotic drugs” [Title] Customs Law [Issuance Year] 1995, last reform: 2002 [Purpose] To regulate all merchandise coming in or going out of our
national territory as well as the means of their transportation, the functioning of customs offices, and the facts or actions derived from its functioning and of the mentioned movement of merchandise.
[Description] Exempts all foreign commerce tax payments for those special or adapted vehicles and all other merchandise, imported by people with disabilities when they make personal use of them, as well as for those imported by non-tax payers moral persons (companies), authorized to receive non-taxable donations over income tax, which dedicate themselves to take care of these people providing that such merchandise, as per its characteristics, replace or diminish their disability, allow the physical, educational, professional or social development of such people, be used exclusively and permanently by them, and have the Secretary authorization. [Title] Airports Law [Issuance Year] 1995 [Purpose] To regulate construction, administration, operation and
exploitation of civilian airports. [Description] Specifies that concessionaires and licensed persons of civilian airports, must adopt the necessary measures to allow adequate treatment to persons with disability, as well as those of advanced age. [Title] Civil Aviation Law [Issuance Year] 1995, last amendment: 2001. [Purpose] To regulate exploitation, use and development of aerial
space over the national territory, regarding the benefit and development of civil and state aerial transportation services.
[Description] Indicates that concessionaires and licensed persons must adopt the necessary measures to allow adequate treatment to persons with disability, as well as to those of advanced age. [Title] Physical Culture and Sports General Law [Issuance Year] 2003
9 [Purpose] To promote the optimum and ordered development of
physical culture and sports in all their manifestations and expressions.
[Description] Indicates that all sportsmen with certain type of disability will not be subject to any kind of discrimination, providing that the activities to be performed do not endanger their integrity. The National Sports Commission (CONADE) has the authority to formulate programs in order to promote physical culture and sports among persons with disability. Indicates that planning and construction of physical culture and sports facilities financed by public funds, must allow their normal use by people with any disability. Programs for physical culture activities training, should be elaborated by CONADE together with departments and entities of Federal Public Administration; Federal Entities Governments; Federal District Government (Mexico City); Municipalities; public, social and private organizations, national and international; contemplating training over people with any kind of disability. [Title] Income Tax Law [Issuance Year] 2002, last reform: 2004 [Purpose] Physical and moral persons obligations regarding income
tax payments. [Description] Employers hiring people with disabilities will be able to deduct from their income an equivalent amount of 100 % of the income tax applicable to those workers. [Title] Security Institute and Social Services of State Workers
Law [Issuance Year] 1983, last reform: 2001. [Purpose] [Description] This law still uses the term: “incapacity”. It provides that physical and mental rehabilitation services are obligatory. Registered workers may include their incapacitated relatives over 18 years old or spouse, presenting an incapacity certificate issued by the institute itself. The worker is entitled to a pension in case that a temporary or permanent incapacity is declared, derived from job risks. [Title] Social Security Law [Issuance Year] 1995, last reform: 2005. [Purpose] To guarantee the right to health, medical assistance,
protection to sustenance means and necessary social services for the individual and collective welfare, as well as the right to be granted with a pension.
10 [Description] Provides that preexistence of such conditions as physical, mental or sensitive disability, intoxication or chronicle illness, is not a cause to diminish the temporary or permanent incapacity grade, neither the benefits assigned to a worker. In order to protect health and prevent illnesses and disability, the medical prevention services of the institute will establish diffusion programs over health, disability prevention and rehabilitation, epidemic studies, manufacture of immune biological products, immunizations, sanitary campaigns and other special programs focused in solving medical-social problems. [Title] Consumer Protection Federal Law [Issuance Year] 1992, last reform: 2004. [Purpose] This law’s objective is to promote and protect the rights and
culture of consumers and procure juridical fairness, certainty and security over suppliers-consumers relationships.
[Description] Specifies that suppliers of goods, products or services will not be able to place a condition or deny their delivery to consumers because of their gender, nationality, ethnos, sexual preference, religion or any other particularity, neither exclude people with disabilities, except for causes affecting the establishment security and peaceful environment of customers or of disable people themselves. It also provides that no extraordinary or compensatory charges may be applicable to people with disabilities because of their medical, orthopedic, technological, educational or sporting implements, needed for their personal use, including a leading dog in case of blindness. Suppliers are obliged to grant any facilities or essential devices so people with disability could use the goods or services they offer. Such goods and services may not be inferior to those determined by legal provisions or applicable official rules, neither suppliers may establish conditions or limitations reducing legal assigned rights to disable people as consumers. [Title] Human Settlings General Law [Issuance Year] 1993 [Purpose] I. To establish the conjunction of the Federation, federal
entities and municipalities, to regulate and arrange human settlings in the national territory; II. To determine basic rules for planning and regulating the territorial arrangement of human settlings and the foundation preservation, improvement and growth of population centers; III. To define principles to determine provisions, reserves, uses and destination of areas and properties which will regulate properties in population centers, and;
11 IV. To determine basis for social participation over human settlings.
[Description] Establishes that the territorial arrangement of human settlings and the urban development of population centers, will have a tendency to improve the level and quality of life of the urban and rural population, through considering people with disabilities when developing and making suitable the infrastructure, equipment and urban services of population centers, to guarantee their security, free movement and accessibility. Dispositions will be issued for the construction and suitability of infrastructure, equipment and urban services, to guarantee security, free movement and accessibility needed by people with disabilities, establishing the consulting procedures among disable persons over the technical characteristics of projects. Coordination and agreements over actions and investments among public, social and private sectors, will be promoted by the federation, federal entities and municipalities, in order to impel construction and suitability of infrastructure, equipment and urban services that people with disabilities may need. [Title] Health General Law [Issuance Year] 1984, last reform: 2005 [Purpose] Regulates the right to health that all persons have in terms
of article 4th of the Mexican United States Political Constitution.
[Description] In this law, the terms “invalidity” and “invalid people” are still used referring to disability: ° Specifies that it is a matter of general healthiness to prevent invalidity and the rehabilitation of invalid people. ° Government departments and health sector entities as well as governments of federal entities, will promote and support the creation of groups, associations and other institutions having as an objective to organized participate in programs for the promotion or improvement of individual or collective health, as well as for prevention of illnesses, accidents and invalidity, and rehabilitation of invalid people.° The Health Ministry and the federal entities governments, will file, produce and process information regarding birth rates, mortality and invalidity. ° Basic activities of Social Assistance are: I. Attention to people who cannot satisfy their basic requirements for sustenance and development due to social-economical deficiencies or for invalidity problems; II. Attention to minors and elders in abandonment or helplessness conditions as well as invalid people without resources... V. Provide juridical assistance services and social guidance, specially to minors, elders and invalid people without resources;
12 ° Attention in what invalidity prevention and rehabilitation of invalid persons is concerned, comprehend: I. Research on the causes of invalidity and factors affecting it; II. Promotion of community participation in preventing and controlling the and factors affecting it; III. Early identification and timely attention to physical, mental and social processes that may cause invalidity; IV. Educational guidance to collectivity in general regarding rehabilitation and particularly to families with invalid members, promoting an effect of social solidarity; V. Integral attention to invalid people, including adequacy of prosthesis, orthosis and functional aids needed; VI. Promotion of urban and architectonic facilities adequacy to invalid people needs; and VII. Promotion of education and training for work as well as the promotion of jobs to people in a rehabilitation process. ° The Health Ministry will determine the Mexican Official Standards for the whole country concerning invalidity prevention and rehabilitation of invalid people, and will coordinate, supervise and assess their compliance by public, social and private institutions working toward these ends. The Health Ministry and the federal entities governments will promote, in a coordinated way and within their competence environments, the creation of centers and services for the somatic, psychological, social and occupational rehabilitation for persons suffering any kind of invalidity, as well as actions to facilitate availability and adaptation of prosthesis, orthesis and functional aids. ° Sanitary and educational authorities, when required and within their own competence environments, will cooperate to provide rehabilitation attention. ° The Health Ministry and the federal entities governments in coordination with other public institutions, will promote facilities for invalid people in those places rendering public services. [Title] Children and Adolescents Rights Protection Law. [Issuance Year] 2000 [Purpose] To guarantee guardianship and respect to fundamental
rights of the constitution, for children and adolescents. [Description] Establish as main principles of protection to children and adolescents, among others, equality regardless of race, age, sex, religion, language or dialect, political or otherwise opinion, ethnos, national or social origin, economic position, disability, birth circumstances or any other condition of their ancestors, guardians or legal representatives.
13 Federal authorities from the States, the Federal District and Municipalities, within their competence environments, will keep coordination to determine whatever is necessary so children and adolescents with disability, may receive appropriate attention to their condition in order to rehabilitate them, improve their life quality, reincorporate themselves to society and stand them equal before any other person in order to use their rights. Children and adolescents bearing a physical, intellectual or sensory disability may not be discriminated by any reason. Beside all other rights that this law recognizes and grants to them, they are entitled to fully develop their capacities and enjoy a dignified life allowing them to integrate into society, by participating in scholastic, labor, cultural, recreational and economical environments, as measured by their possibilities. The Federation, the Federal District, the States and the Municipalities, within their competence environments, will provide rules tending to: A. Recognize and accept the existence of disability. B. Offer forming and educative aids for parents and relatives of children and adolescents with disability, in order to give them the necessary means so they may encourage their development and dignified life. C. Promote actions among different disciplines for studies, early diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of disability of children and adolescents, as needed in each case, securing that these actions be appropriated to the economic possibilities of their relatives. D. Encourage special educational centers and educational projects which could allow children and adolescents with disabilities, to integrate themselves to regular educative systems, as per their possibilities. They will have free elemental care treatments, access to early stimulation programs, health services, rehabilitation, relaxation, occupational activities, as well as work training. Creation of these services will be promoted in case of their inexistence. E. Adapt the surrounding environment of children and adolescents with disabilities, to their particular needs. [Title] Social Assistance National System Law. [Issuance Year] 2004 [Purpose] To provide basis for the promotion of a Social Assistance
National System encouraging and coordinating efforts to render public and private social assistance services, as well as impel social participation in these matters.
14 [Description] Provides that people with disabilities or special needs, have the right to social assistance. It is understood that invalidity prevention and the rehabilitation and integration of persons with any kind of disability for a productive and active life, is a basic health service as per social assistance is concerned. The National System for Integral Development of Families will render services of juridical assistance, representation and social guidance to children, adolescents, elder persons and people with any kind of disability, who, for any circumstances, are incapable to fully exercise their rights. [Title] Public Works and Related Services Law. [Issuance Year] 2000, last reform: 2003. [Purpose] To regulate actions related to public works planning,
programming, budgeting, contracting, expending, executing and controlling, as well as those of related services.
[Description] All public facilities should secure accessibility, evacuation and free movement without any architectonic barriers for all persons, and should comply with all design and signaling rules to be issued and applicable to installations, paths, sanitary services and other similar places for people with disability. [Title] Sustained Rural Development Law [Issuance Year] 2001 [Purpose] To promote a sustained rural development of the country, to
make propitious an appropriate environment in terms of paragraph 4, article 4, and to guarantee the state governing and its role in promoting equity, in terms of article 25 of the constitution.
[Description] The concurrent special program for sustained rural development derived from this law, will promote for all rural communities: gender equity, family protection, women and young people programs encouragement, protection to vulnerable groups with special attention to children, disable people, elders and people with terminal illnesses. For people with disabilities, owners of land or not, programs will be formulated and implemented approaching their own problems and development possibilities, through economic activities which will be assembled by productivity impulse instruments and those of assistance nature, assisted by the basic infrastructure of competent entities. Also, temporary job programs should be available to attend seasonal income of rural families. [Title] Books and Reading Encouragement Law [Issuance Year] 2000 [Purpose] To encourage and promote reading. To promote production,
15 distribution, diffusion and quality of the Mexican book and make it available to population as a whole.
[Description] The National Board to Promote Books and Reading will have the function of supporting actions that facilitate the access of disable persons to libraries and to text hearing techniques. [Title] Elder People Rights Law [Issuance Year] 2002, last reform: 2005. [Purpose] To guarantee the rights of elder people as well as to provide
the basis and dispositions for their compliance. [Description] The law guarantees the right of elder people to be subject to social assistance programs in case of unemployment, disability or loss of sustenance means. The state will provide preferred attention. All public or private institutions rendering services to elders should have the appropriate infrastructure, furniture and equipment to perform alternating procedures in administrative procedures as well as the necessary human resources, in case they present some kind of disability. Health programs directed to watch over the needs of persons in different stages of their life cycle, will incorporate prevention and health promotion measures, in order to prevent disabilities and favor a healthy aging. [Title] Mexican Army Social Security Institute Law [Issuance Year] 2003 [Purpose] To grant benefits and render services conferred by the law. [Description] Establishes rights for the relatives of registered persons, in case they present any disability to work. [Title] Women’s National Institute Law [Issuance Year] 2001 [Purpose] Creation of the Women National Institute as a public entity
decentralized from the federal public administration. [Description] Subject to the guaranteed rights of this law are all Mexican and foreign women being in the national territory, and those Mexican women in foreign countries, regardless of their ethnic origin, age, marital status, language, culture, social condition, disability, religion or dogma. [Title] Tourism Federal Law. [Issuance Year] 1995, last reform: 2000 [Purpose] To determine the necessary mechanisms for the creation,
maintenance, improvement, protection, promotion and exploitation of the national resources and tourist attractions, protecting the social and ecological balance of the related
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[Description] To guarantee equal opportunities to people with disabilities within the development, promotion and training programs of the tourist sector. To establish agreements with suppliers of services to determine adequate prices and conditions in order to facilitate trips of people with disabilities. The Tourism Ministry will impel creation and adequacy of tourist infrastructure where needs of people with disabilities will be considered. [Title] Discrimination Prevention and Elimination Federal
Law. [Issuance Year] 2003 [Purpose] To prevent and eliminate all kinds of discrimination against
any person in terms of Article 1 of the Mexican United States Political Constitution, as well as to promote equal opportunities and treatment.
[Description] Discrimination is understood as any distinction, exclusion or restriction that based on disability, among other factors, may have the effect of forbidding or revoking the use of rights or their recognition, as well as real fairness toward people’s opportunities. It seeks to promote access to children development centers, including minors with disabilities. Public entities and federal authorities, in their competence environment, will perform, among others, the following positive and compensatory measures in behalf of equal opportunities for people with disabilities:
• To promote an environment of free access and movement; • To procure their incorporation, permanency and participation within the
regular educational activities in all levels; • To promote at all levels of obligatory education, the granting of necessary
technical aids for each disability. • To create permanent programs of work training and encouragement to their
labor integration; • To create adequate recreational places;
17 • To procure accessibility to public transportation means of general use; • To promote that all public constructions or spaces, or those rendering
services to the public, should have the adequate physical disposition or signaling for their free movement, access and use;
• To try that all general communication ways bear adequate signaling to allow free movement for them;
• To inform and advice construction professionals about requirements to facilitate access and use of properties;
• To promote that in all units of the national health and social security system, they may regularly receive needed treatment and medication in order to maintain and improve their functional capacity and quality of life.
[Title] Federal Law on the Promotion of Activities from Civil
Society Organizations. [Issuance Year] 2005 [Purpose] To promote the activities from civil society organizations. To
establish rights and obligations of civil society organizations which comply with this law requirements, so they may be subject to the promotion of their activities.
[Description] Those activities subject to promotion from civil society organizations, include rendering of services to attend social groups with “different capacities.” [Título] Mexican Official Standard NOM-001-SSA2-1993. [Año de publicación] 1993 [Description] Establishes the architectonic requirements to facilitate access, movement and permanency of disability people into medical assistance institutions of the national health system. [Title] Mexican Official Standard NOM-173-SSA1-1998. [Issuance Year] 1998 [Description] Establishes procedures for the integral attention to people with disabilities in the governmental health system. [Title] Agreement to provide procedures for accessibility of
people with disabilities to federal facilities [Issuance Year] 2004 [Description] Provisions of this agreement are compulsory for government departments and entities of the Federal Public Administration, which are users of the Federation properties, having the objective to regulate the design and performance of urban and architectonic elements in order to facilitate access, movement and use of them by people with disabilities, in all internal or external spaces of federal properties where human activity is performed.
18 5.3.1. Legal Framework interpretation and implementation
There are at least 14 federal laws with at least one article related to persons with disability, their rights are recognized, facilities are granted, or specific programs benefiting persons with disabilities are issued. Mayor laws as The Federal Labor Law, The Law of the Security Institute and Social Services of State Workers or the Health General Law, which were issued many years ago refer to “incapacitated” or “handicapped” persons. Recently issued laws do mention the term “persons with disabilities”. Although legislation exist on many fields, the lack of regulation for the present laws concerning disability issues impede their effective implementation and monitoring. Each Mexican State (31 in total) and the Federal District (Mexico City), have a law for persons with disability, but only five of them have the necessary regulation. There is the advantage that the persons with disabilities are considered in the text of the First Article of the Mexican Constitution which opens the door to legislative changes and rights. The General Law for Persons with Disabilities has been recently issued. This law shows a medical model, giving the direction of the disability issue to the Ministry of Health. During the elaboration of this investigation we did not find record of cases related to disability carried in front of tribunals . The National Commission of Human Rights does not count on information processed and systematized on the complaints they receive with respect to disability issues. They informed that the information could be requested, but his elaboration surpassed the time established for this investigation. Additionally, the fact that people with disabilities complaints are taken into consideration along with senior citizens cases, another vulnerable groups or another kind of complaints, makes difficult to obtain indicators. The National Council for the Prevention of Discrimination (CONAPRED), an agency of recent creation informed of the complaints received for its conciliation. It is pertinent to mention that 29 % of this complaints are not being monitoring any longer as the complainer has lost interest in the case follow up. The Book “Present Overview of the Persons with Disability’s Rights The Roll of Mexico Facing International Compromises” published by the Human Rights National Commission states “ Not all disabilities are contemplated just the same by the existent legislation. The people with intellectual and physical disabilities are the group who have more limited their rights since considered juridically incapable. The state envisages the possibility of partial protection of people's with sensorial disabilities, through figures like the right of the deaf persons be to helped by interpreters in legal audiences. But this opportunity is not offered to those who are blind, since the official documents in judgments are not translated into Braille.
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In general, the Civil Codes define restrictions to juridical personality as: The minority of age, the status of inter-diction and other incapacities established by law; but incapable citizens can exercise their rights or contracting obligations by means of his legal representatives. Few state’s laws make reference of whom are incapable. In these cases the legal texts incorporate minors and indicate the persons of legal age with these specific characteristics: a ) The people with lack of or decreased intelligence or distraught of her, although they have lucid interval; and those that suffer any affection originated by disease or continuing deficiency of physical, psychological or sensorial character or for the addiction to toxic substances, like alcohol, psychotropic or narcotic drugs; Provided that due to limitation or the alteration in the intelligence that this provoke them they may not govern to make a commitment for themselves to manifest his will for some mode. B ) The Deaf and or the speech impaired that don’t know how to make themselves understood by a written way or by means of a sign language interpreter. In the cases mentioned above the disability is clearly specified: covering persons with mental or intellectual disabilities, deaf persons or persons with speech and language disorders.. It is important for the concept of juristic capability to be able to incorporate aspects and specific characteristics out of every one of disability’s types when they may be relevant, as well as comprising the various protective forms that can exist with regard to this matter.”1
6. Management and Organization of Disability Issues
6.1. Director Body In 1995, the "National Program for the Well-Being and the Integration of the Persons with Disabilities CONVIVE" is issued as an official governmental program by the Chief of State, being the head of sector the National System for the Family's Integral Development "DIF." It was based on the UN Standards Rules, and was monitored by the National Coordinating Commission, divided in 8 Working Groups embracing the more important themes like Education, Employment, Health, Communications and Accessibility, Family, among others. Under this program "Offices for the Promotion of Services" where created all over the country. Each Chief of Office was called The Promoter, and where dependant of DIF, disabled persons where chosen for this position and their task was to implement the first governmental programs aimed at the population with disabilities.
1 Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos. Panorama Actual de los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad, La situación de México frente a los compromisos internacionales. México, 2003
20 In December of the year 2000, the President Vicente Fox Quesada, created the Mexican Presidency’s Office for the Promotion and Social Integration of Persons with Disability, chaired by a person with disability that was a member of the Presidential Cabinet. This Office was dedicated to planning and coordination of the National Advising Counsel for the Social Integration of the People with Disability ( CODIS ), created in February of the year 2001 by President Fox. CODIS developed plans and projects along with several Ministries. The advisers did not find any indicators or public information regarding monitoring the work of CODIS. In June 10th 2005, ORPIS was annulled along with the CODIS through the publication in the Federation's Official Daily Newspaper of “ The General Law of the Persons with Disabilities. The aforementioned Law bestows the responsibility of the theme of attention upon the subjects of persons with disability sector, through the Ministry of Health and creates the National Council for Persons with Disability. The Council is chaired by the Minister of Health, and the executive director is the National System for the Family's Integral Development “DIF.” Nacional para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia “DIF.” At the end of this investigation Mexico has not published yet the new Disability Law’s Regulation neither created the new National Disability Council. This is a transition period without a clear leadership or organizational chart in the disability field.
6.2. Public Sector Organizations
[Name] [Description] Ministry of Health Acknowledge disability like a serious emerging problem of
public health and establishes among its lines of actions to strengthen the disability prevention and rehabilitation, considering that the adequate and opportune attention of the same avoids social upsets and problems of family disintegration, illiteracy, unemployment, mendicity and an important economic loss.
National System for the Family's Integral Development “DIF”
To Establish and Coordinate the programs for the attention of persons with disability at federal, state and municipal levels with the participation of social organizations, principally through the states commissions or councils that work at the 32 federative entities and the similar created at the municipalities.
Ministry of Public Education
To Create conditions that permit to assure the access of all the Mexican to an education of quality, in the level and mode that they require and at the place where they demand it.
Ministry of Work and Social Security
Integration or social re-integration of the persons with disability in productive activities, through the coordination of the different instances of the public sectors, private and social.
Ministry for the To develop and coordinate the federal government's social
21 Social Development and subsidiary policies, guided toward the common good,
and to execute it in a coordinated fashion along with the society. To support NGOs profesionalization
Minsitry of Communications and Transports
To promote the accessibility to all means of transportation and communication.
Secretaría de Función Pública
To promote the accessibility to all Federal Facilities
6.3. The Roll of Civil Society Organizations. With the aim of initiating an awareness campaign toward the government and the civil society, a bunch of civil organizations appeared in the late eighties (although some already existed), they were formed of disabled children’s parents and families, conforming the base for the emerging of organizations leaded by persons with disabilities. A dialogue between government and the civil Society was established in early 90's, with the aim of beginning to break architectonic barriers that have always been the most expensive of eliminating and the most visible at the surroundings. Some businessmen, owners of an important supermarket chain started to hear the organizations, which is why the market of the grocery stores began to be accessible to persons with disabilities and with this, the first steps for the to buy at lest the basic elements for their daily living. Since this businessmen where also owners of a cafeteria chain the persons with disabilities began to assist to them and to know that the path to a more integrated participation was on his way. Libre Acceso A.C. leaded the first parade of local and foreign organizations in Mexico City in 1994, toward the Mexican Congress where the requests of this group were listened to for the first time. The institutions of the civil society have played a fundamental role in the advances that have taken place at the country in the disability field, they are the ones that have pressed the administration for elaboration and implementation of laws and national programs. For a long time they have supplied the scarcity of services for the people with disabilities. There are over 800 organizations to and of persons with disabilities in Mexico addressing the needs of this collective, comprising all kinds of disabilities. However, the bigger concentration and the most representatives are located in the Metropolitan area of the Mexico City. The most representative Associations for the work accomplished at national level are: APAC, A.C. CONFE, A.C. Libre Acceso, A.C.
22 Fundacion Teleton Piña Palmera A.C. Fundacion Langdon Down Mexican Deaf Persons' Federation CONFE is an umbrella organization conformed of families with intellectually disabled children. The main organization in Mexico City works in a business oriented approach training and employing persons with disabilities in different workshops established in their own premises and selling de products to diverse businesses in the area. APAC conforms a national network of affiliated associations. They are specialized in attention to persons with cerebral paralysis. Libre Acceso is an institution from the civil society that has stood out for the sake of eliminating architectonic, cultural and social barriers, promoting the physical accessibility in any kind of constructions, parks an recreational places, urban spaces, public and private transportation for the integration of persons with any type of disabilities. Piña Palmera attends persons with disability in indigenous communities, concentrating his acting in the State of Oaxaca.
6.4. Disability related International Cooperation Actions This activities where found during the present investigation. Might be more in the different States of Mexico . JICA-Mexico
• APAC, A.C. Mexico City, support for the education of children and teenagers with cerebral paralysis
• Piña Palmera A.C. Training • National Rehabilitation Institute. Medical Training
Spain’s Blinds National Organizations (ONCE) Resource Center for Blind persons in La Salle University, Mexico City, aimed to integrating young blind persons to college. Inter American Development Bank Funding for Ministry of Labor and Social Prevision’s “Probecat Program” consisting of scholarships for labor training for young and adults with disability. Mobility International USA Support to women with disability from the State of Oaxaca, with empowering and leadership training for young and adults. Access Exchange Internacional Training of Mexico City transportation officials. Consulting in the planning process for accessible transportation.
23
7. Public Policies [Title] National Development Plan 2000-2006 [Period] 2000 [Temas sobre Discapacidad] To promote and strengthen the people with disabilities development to put them on the same level and facilitate their full integration in all environments of national life. To impel and promote wider coverage and an improvement over public policies in order to promote social integration of people with disabilities. Institutional programs will be strengthen toward this end through a coordination among secretaries with a follow up and assessment system. Modifications to the juridical frame will be proposed. Civil social organizations participation will be encouraged through application of self-support citizens projects, in order to improve life quality of disable citizens. Also, the national registry of population with disabilities will be formulated.
[Policy/Title] Action Program for Prevention and Rehabilitation of
Disabilities “PreveR-Dis.” [Issuance Year] 2001 [Description] To impel and strengthen development of prevention and disability attention programs, through participation of institutions from the three levels of government and civil society as a whole; to reduce frequency of disabilities, support medical rehabilitation of disable people, diminish their disadvantages, improve their functioning and facilitate their incorporation to social and productive life. [Policy/Title] National Accessibility Program [Issuance Year] 2001 [Description] To promote, spread and perform programs having as an objective to achieve adequacy and implementation of public policies over accessibility either physical, in transportation and in communications. [Policy/Title] National Program to Strengthen Special Education and
Educative Integration. [Issuance Year] 2002 [Description] This program is directed to guarantee quality educative attention to children and adolescents needing an education. [Policy/Title] “Popular Fideprotesis” Program [Issuance Year] 2002
24 [Description] Instrument of Financial protection to people with any disability who do not enjoy social security benefits. They have the possibility to acquire: prosthesis, orthosis, orthopedic devices and technical aids required to correct any disability and thus improve their health and their performance in society. Consists of an investment and administration trusteeship integrated with contributions from organisms, institutions and government departments which number and amount of contributions will be increasing as the trusteeship widens its coverage range. [Policy/Title] Program to Support People with Disabilities in the rural
environment. [Issuance Year] 2003 [Description] To offer integral attention to people with disabilities in the rural environment, mainly to those located in away-from-society zones, to impel their economic, productive, technical and organizing capacities. [Policy/Title] Quality Attention National Program [Issuance Year] 2003 [Description] To sensitize and train the highest number of public workers so they know and perform quality services to people with disabilities, as their physical, intellectual and sensitive conditions require specific attention for their security and efficiency.
8. Information Registry
8.1. Census [Title] National Census on Housing and Population [Year] 2000
25 [Issues on Disability] A question on disability type and an enlarged questionnaire (poll) are included for the first time, based on the International Classification of Impairments Disability and Handicaps, and also United Nation’s criteria, including the Standard Rules on the Equalizations of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities. . The Census defined disability as the presence of any physical or mental, permanent or for over six months limitation, that prevent the development of normal activities within the margin that is considered normal for a human being. They obtained demographic and social data, including access to the health services of health and some educational and labor characteristics. The figures obtained in the census have been challenged by the organizations of and for persons with disability. The pollsters lacked the adequate qualification to identify a person with disability, leaving to the polled the decision to define themselves as a persons with or without disability. [Title] Diagnostic of Persons with Disability in Highly Marginalized
Territorial Units of Mexico City [Year] 2003 [Issues on Disability] Census developed by the National System for the Integral Development of the Family of the Federal District. Developed specifically to find the characteristics of the population with disability in the poorest area of all the administrative divisions of Mexico City. Included the next questions: Disability Origin Disability by age range Disability type in children by age range Disability type by Administrative Division Most frequent diseases Person with disability that require personal care (by administrative division) Persons that require medical attention or rehabilitation (by administrative division) Institution where they receive medical attention
[Title] National Health Survey 2000 [Year] 2000
26 [Issues on Disability] Elaborated by the National Institute of Public Health and the Ministry of Health, included information on housing, population and usage of health services. Among its objectives are estimating the frequency and distribution of positive indicators of health; factors of risk, diseases (acute and chronic), injuries and prevalence, distribution and characteristics of disability in the Mexican population. The survey estimates that there are 2'275,374 persons with disability in the country. The data of National Census of Population of 2000 relating the number of persons with disability in the country does not match neither with the figures of The National Survey of Health 2000, nor with the Census from Mexico City.
8.2. Information obtained visited institutions that have public information or from the ones that answered upon request.
Institution Information
Human Rights National Commission
The National Commission of Human Rights yields advances in the publication and distribution of books and educational brochures, about the disability theme. They mentioned that it was possible to request information on the complaints received on the subject of disability , but the time of answer exceeded the time given for the delivery of results of this investigation.
National Council for the Prevention of Discrimination
Updated compendium of Laws that include the disability theme. The National Council To Prevent Discrimination, that started operations in 2004 yields 41quejas related with presumed discrimination by disability. Twelve of these complaints have not being monitored due to the lack of interest of the complainers. Definitely presumed discriminatory acts have been seven and they have been resolved during the procedure. First National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico.
DIF-DF Number of People's with disability receiving direct
subsidy: 67.111 people Diagnostic of Persons with Disability in Highly
27 Marginalized Territorial Units of Mexico City Data on Accessible Transportation Data on actions of urban accessibility.
Institute for the Administration and Economic Evaluation of National Facilities
Number of federal facilities diagnosed to date about level of accessibility: 7.198 of a total of 13.535 facilities. The diagnosis corresponds to the first phase of the Agreement of Accessibility to Federal Facilities.
Mexican Social Security Institute
Indicators on affiliated workers' invalidity and incapacity. Statistical information on diagnosis of invalidity and permanent incapacity of the affiliated workers. Data on disability of workers affiliated to IMSS indicating that there are up to 771, 172 persons with disability in this group, conforming 34 % of the total national population registered in the survey.
National Institute of Statistic, Geography and Data Processing
National Directory of Associations Of and For Persons with Disability. Data from the National Census on Housing and Populations of 2000.
National Rehabilitation Institute “PreveR-Dis” National Program National Public Health Institute National Health Survey 2000 Ministry of Communications and Transports
Accessibility Guidelines and Power Point presentations about accessibility programs developed by ORPIS Power Point Presentation of the Program to Promote Access to Aerial Transportation for Persons with Disability.
Ministry of Social Development And CONAPRED
First National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico: Data of the population's perception about discrimination in the country, applied specifically to Elders, People with disability, Indigenous People, Religious Minorities, Women; population's sectors that have historically been discriminated in Mexico. The sampling was 5.608 people, of whom 594 were persons with disabilities.
Ministry of Public Education The National Program for Strengthening of the Especial Education and the Educational Integration
Ministry of Labor and Social Prevision. Direction of Gender and Equity
Quarterly report of people with disability trained, by disability type from some Mexican state. Awarded companies in of June 2005, by incorporating persons with disability: 25 companies, incorporating 217 persons with disability of 12.741 total workers. Figures of 2004 from "Abriendo Espacios
28 Program" : statistics of persons with disability attended, evaluated, sent to centers of recruitment and hired via "Chambapar Program". Curses held by "Becate Program". Number of workshops for seekers of job, fairs of job, projects of productive investment and in formal job.
Ministry of health Work Report 2004. National Health Survey 2000
Non Governmental Organizations
Manpower México Comentaron que manejan información sobre personas colocadas en un empleo. Sin embargo, no contaban con información pública que pudieran ser proporcionada para esta investigación.
Resource Center for Blind Persons, La Salle University
Information requested but no public data available.
Association in Favor of Persons with Cerebral Paralysis (APAC, A.C.)
Information about attended persons
CONFE A.C. Work Report 2004, activities and persons attended in Mexico City
Libre Acceso A.C. Report on activities. Fundacion Teleton A.C. Proporcionaron información sobre:
1. Disabilities attended at the CRIT system 2. Total of Attended people 3. Attended people's age range 4. Requests of attention received 5. Requests of attention accepted 6. Number of specialist doctors working at
CRIT system 7. Number of technical aids requested
(wheelchairs, crutches, etc.) 8. Number of technical aids handed-over 9. Duration of the sessions in accordance with
the given treatment 10. Total average duration of the treatments 11. Number of dates by user 12. Users' number that finished their treatment,
in relation to the accepted users 13. Future estimated demand of services 14. The users' socioeconomic profile. 15. CRIT's influence area 16. Users average travel time to facility 17. Relation of the users that assisting to
school, between the ones that do not assist .18. Indicators developed to measure the
29 effectiveness of treatments
19. Opinion polls to measure the users' grade of satisfaction
20. Another governmental or civil society institutions they maintain relations or agreements with.
Piña Palmera A.C. Information of activities and persons attended Ven Conmigo, A.C. Information requested but no public data
available.
8.3. Disclosure and Application of ICF. The Mexican Center for the Classification of Diseases, an agency from the Ministry of Health, is in charge of handling ICF issues. We did not find information on CIF campaigns of diffusion during the present investigation, but we have knowledge of the existence of a promotive group and some efforts to communicate it.
30
9. Proposed Indicators The investigation and interviews accomplished to governmental officials, NG0's and private entities gave the overview that Mexico lacks systematized information that permit the necessary elaboration of indicators of impact for a national diagnosis in the disability theme. This situation is applicable so much to governmental dependences implementing since two years ago the programs developed together with ORPIS and the CODIS's working groups, like to the organizations of the civil society providing services to persons with disability, that do not count on systematized information either. Neither exists systematized or public information that allows to answer the indicators proposed in the Investigation Protocol provided by JICA-Costa Rica. The organisms that keep records or databases requested the specific information solicited by this investigation but the time of delivery of the information surpassed the time limit for the delivery of products. In another cases, the available information, if exists, referred to the population attended at Federal District (Mexico City) only , which is not representative of the national situation, for which it was not taken into account. An especial case is the Diagnostic of Persons with Disability Highly Marginalized Territorial Units of Mexico City, developed by DIF-DF. We found that it is the only census aimed at determining persons with disability's real situation, even though comprises only the ones that live in highly marginalized areas. One more time it is necessary to indicate that it is not representative of the national situation. The "First National Survey on Discrimination" of last May is the first effort found in the country about knowing the present-day perception of historically discriminated groups toward this phenomenon. Survey's summary is included in the Appendixes of this document In the next pages we'll show the statistics disclosed by INEGI, obtained from the General Census on Population and Housing 2000.
31 9.1. Persons with Disability’s Population Profile, according to
the Geography and Data Processing National Institute (Data from the General Census of Population and Housing 2000)
9.1.1. Basic Data Persons with Disability in Mexico. Sex Distribution Total 1,795,300 Men 943,717 Women 851,583 Population Distribution by Age group Distribución de la Población por grupos de edad Age groups Total 0 to 14 15 to 64 65 and up No specified Population 1,795,300 235,969 915,142 628,825 15,364
Population by Age Groups
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
1,000,000
0-14 15-64 65 and over Not specified
Percentage of persons with disability by disability type Motor 45.3 Hearing 15.7 Language 4.9 Visual 26 Mental 16.1 Other 0.7
Percentage by type
45.3
15.74.9
26
16.10.7
MotorHearingLanguageVisualMentalOther
32 Home where the head is a person with disability Total 711,464 Hombres 501,435 Mujeres 210,029
Homes where de head is a persons with disability
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
Total Men Women
Hom
es
9.1.2. Education Percentage Distribution of persons with disability 15 years old and above by school level Illiterate 35.5Primary School Uncompleted 27.8Primary School Completed 15.6Secondary School or similar Uncompleted 2.5Secondary School or similar Completed 7.2Post basic education 9.3No specified 2.1
School grade population over 15 years
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Illitar
ate
Primary
inco
mpleted
Primary
comple
ted
Secon
dary
incom
pleted
Secon
dary
compe
ted
Posba
sic
Not sp
ecifie
d
Perc
enta
ge
33 Population with disability form 6 to 29 years and percentage distribution by age group and sex, attending school or not.
Sex Age Total Assisting Not
assisting No
specified Total Percentage Total Percentage
Men 288,195 96,338 100 186,927 100 4,930 6 - 14 110,147 70,135 72.8 38,114 20.4 1,898 15 - 19 60,019 18,316 19 40,401 21.6 1,302 20 - 24 59,129 5,392 5.6 52,936 28.3 801 25 - 29 58,900 2,495 2.6 55,476 29.7 929Women 216,686 75,032 100 137,640 100 4,014 6 - 14 89,522 55,167 73.5 32,681 23.7 1,674 15 - 19 45,962 13,951 18.6 31,320 22.8 691 20 - 24 42,037 4,252 5.7 36,899 26.8 886 25 - 29 39,165 1,662 2.2 36,740 26.7 763
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
Men 6-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 Women 6-14 15-19 20-24 25-29
Assisting Not Assisting Not Specified
National Schooling average of persons with disabilities: 3.8 years
34 9.1.3. Labor
Economic and No-Economic Participation Rate by sex
Economic Participation Rate No-Economic Participation Rate Total Men Women Total Men Women 25 36.4 12.6 74 62.6 86.6
Non Economic Participation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
MEN WOMEN
Perc
enta
ge
Economic Participation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
MEN WOMEN
Perc
enta
ge
Percentage Distribution of employed population with disabilities, according to their working status. Employed population with disabilities 397,183Dependants a/ 53.6Independents b/ 35.8Workers without payment in a family business 6.4No specified 4.2a/ Includes employees, workers, day laborers and menial workers.
b/ Includes employers and freelancers
Source:: INEGI. XII National Census of Population and Housing 2000.
Distribution according to working status
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Dependants Independents Family businessworkers
Not Specified
Perc
enta
ge
35 Percentage Distribution of employed population with disability, according to their working type, by sex
Principal Type of Labor
Employed population with
disability Men Women Total 397,183 301,623 95,560Professionals 2 1.9 2.3Technicians 2.3 2.1 2.8Education Workers 2.3 1.6 4.6Artist 0.8 0.9 0.4Officers and Executives 1.3 1.3 1.1Agricultural Laborer 23.4 28.5 7.3Industry Inspector or Supervisors 0.9 1 0.6Craftsman and Workers 17.1 18.7 12.2Machinery Operators 3.3 3.1 3.7Assistant, laborer or similar 4.5 5.3 2.1Transport Vehicle Operator 3.3 4.3 0.1Administrative Chief or Supervisor 1.4 1.4 1.3Office Clerk 3.7 2.8 6.9Merchants or Store Clerk 13 10.3 21.3Informal Workers 4.1 3.9 5Personal Services Workers 6.6 6.1 7.9Domestic Service 4.8 1.2 16.2Security or Protection Related Works 2.5 3.2 0.4No specified 2.7 2.4 3.8
Employed population with disability, according to their working type, by sex
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Profes
siona
ls
Techn
ician
s
Educa
tion W
orkers
Artist
Officers
and E
xecu
tives
Agricu
ltural
Labo
rer
Indus
try In
spec
tor or
Sup
erviso
rs
Craftsm
an an
d Work
ers
Machin
ery O
perat
ors
Assist
ant, l
abore
r or s
imila
r
Transp
ort V
ehicl
e Ope
rator
Admini
strati
ve C
hief o
r Sup
erviso
r
Office C
lerk
Mercha
nts or
Stor
e Cler
k
Inform
al W
orkers
Person
al Serv
ices W
orkers
Domes
tic S
ervice
Securi
ty or
Protec
tion R
elated
Work
s
No spe
cified
Perc
enta
ge
MenWomen
36 Percentage Distribution of employed population with disability, according to their income level, by sex (measured in quantity of Minimum Wage earned)
Income level
Employed population
with disability Men Women Total 397,183 301,623 95,560 Do not earn a salary 13.9 14.7 11.4 Less than 1 Minimum Wage (MW) 22.6 19.7 31.7 More than 1 up to 2 MW 28.2 29.2 25.4 More than 2 up to 3 MW 15.1 16.5 10.7 More than 3 up to 5 MW 7.4 7.7 6.5 More than 5 up to 10 MW 4.1 4.2 3.6 More than 10 MW 1.9 2.1 1.2 Not specified 6.8 5.9 9.5
Employed Disability Population
Do not earn a salary 14%
Less than 1 Minimum Wage (MW)
23%
More than 1 up to 2 MW28%
More than 2 up to 3 MW 15%
More than 3 up to 5 MW 7%
More than 5 up to 10 MW 4%
More than 10 MW 2%
Not specified 7%
37 Percentage Distribution of employed population with disability, according to their activity sector. Employed population with disability 397,183Primary Sector 23.8 Secondary Sector 24.5 Tertiary Sector 48.5 Not specified 3.2
Employment by Sector
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector Not Specified
Perc
enta
ge
9.1.4. Health Percentage Distribution by disability origin Disability Origin PercentageBirth 19.4Illness 31.6Accident 17.7Advanced Age 22.7Other cause 1.9Not specified 6.7
Disability Cause
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Birth Ilness Accident Advancedage
Other Not specified
Perc
enta
ge
38 Percentage Distribution of the population with disability according to affiliation to a social security institution. Affiliated 44.9 Not Affiliated 53.9 Not specified 1.2
Population covered by Social Security
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Affiliate Not Affiliate No Specified
Perc
enta
ge
Percentage Distribution of the population with disability according to usage of social security, by institution and gender.
Users Conditions
Population with
disability Men Women Total 1,795,300 943,717 851,583Users 95.2 94.8 95.7IMSS 33.4 34.3 32.4ISSSTE 5.8 5.4 6.3PEMEX, SDN, SM 1.2 1.1 1.3SSA 21.9 22.2 21.6IMSS-SOLIDARIDAD 3.7 3.7 3.6Other Private Institution a/ 31.9 31.2 32.7Other Public Institution b/ 2.1 2.1 2.1Not user 3.8 4.2 3.4Not specified 1 1 0.9
39
Affiliates by Institution
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
IMSS ISSSTE PEMEX, SDN orSM
Other
Perc
enta
ge
The data obtained in the General Census of Population and Housing 2000 (CGPV2000) differ from another statistical data, in particular with The National Health Survey of the same year ( ENS2000 ) and the Diagnostic of Persons with Disabilities Highly Marginalized Territorial Units of Mexico City . The CGPV2000 presents minor numbers than the other ones ( 20 % in relation to the ENS2000 and in a 40 % regarding the population estimated for the D.F, according to the Diagnostic of Highlu Marginalized Territorial Units of the DIF-DF ). The CGPV2000 is considered as unreliable by the organizations of and for persons with disabilities as it proves to be obvious that the data are conspicuously inferior to the reality . The results of the ENS200 related to disability are presented in Appendix 1.
10. Current Situation 10.1.1. Health
The Ministry of Health in his Work Report of 2004 states that “the disability constitutes one of the emerging problems of public health, that in late years has grown constantly as a result of the best resources of diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the increment of life expectancy and the bigger coverage of the health services. It has been managed to decrease the general and infantile death rates considerably, but, frequently, without achieving to avoid aftereffects that cause limitation in functioning of women and men of all the ages, resulting in variable levels of disability.” 2 A web portal called “Discapacinet” has been developed in order to offer information on health services to persons with disability and their families. “The training of human resources for the research in disability prevention was encouraged with the support of the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT).”3
2 Secretaría de Salud, Informe de labores 2004, 3 PND Presidencia de la República Cuarto informe de ejecución, http://pnd.presidencia.gob.mx/pdf/2004/M074-092.pdf
40
The training of human resources for the research in disability prevention was encouraged with the support of the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT). In January 2004, a DIF-CNR agreement was signed to strengthen the benefit of rehabilitative services of high complexity, along with training of human resources and scientific investigation. The National Program of Health through the National Rehabilitation Institute, has a “Program of action for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Disabilities, PreveR Dis” whose specific objectives are to reduce the disability’s incidence, to promote the equity, quality of the services and to provide financial protection to persons with disability. Since it was created in the year 2000, “PreveR-Dis”4 envisage the creation of the following indicators : • “On the subject of disability prevention
• Disability cases identified in consultation of first time at the National Health System in relation to the total of consultations of first time.
• Disability cases referred in relation to the total of identified in first time consultation at the National Health System.
• Disability cases identified in the course of investigation in relation to the total of registered cases.
• On the subject of rehabilitation
• Rehabilitated children incorporated to the formal basic education. • Rehabilitated people incorporated to the remunerated work, by age and sex. • Quality of life.
• On the subject of financial protection
• Percentage or number of persons with disability that received financial support of the total that requested it
• Percentage or number persons with disability that received financial support of the total of notified cases
• On The subject of quality
• Grade of satisfaction • Index of adequate treatment”
It is necessary to indicate than we did not find either quantitative or qualitative information on these indicators, since officer from the National Rehabilitation
4 Secretaria de Salud, PreveR-dis, México D.F. 2001 http://www.discapacinet.gob.mx/wb2/eMex/eMex_Programa_de_Accion_para_la_Prevencion_y_Rehab 5 Secretaria de Salubridad y Asistencia www.discapacinet.gob.mx/wb2/eMex/eMex_Programa_de_Accion_para_la_Prevencion_y_Rehab
41
Institute commented that figures are very hard to obtain and the DIF is currently systematizing the information gathered to date. We went to Teleton Foundation to know the information they keep that may contribute to the elaboration of indicators. They provided specific requested information based on the indicators provided in Investigation Protocol. The country has not been able to implement at the National Certificate on Disability a request stated in the “Mexican Official Standard NOM-173 SSA1-1998 on the integral attention of persons with disability.” The result regarding disability of the National Health Survey 2000 conducted by the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Public Health included:6
• It is thought that of the 96,9 million Mexican 2,2 million are disabled (2,3 %). This proportion is bigger the indicated by the XII CGPV2000, reporting a rate of 1,84 persons with disability for each 100 inhabitants.
• Disability's rate in men (2,5 %) is bigger than in women (2,2 %). • The percentage distribution according to type of disability was the
following: physical ( 46,6 % ), mental (16,5 %), hearing (16,4 %), visual (14,6 %) and speech disorders (2,2 %) .No had important differences for sex of language.
• To older age, bigger physical, hearing and visual disability proportion, but minor proportion of mental type.
• Teens were the age range biggest proportion for language disability (4,6 %).
• Regarding the disability severity 25% think of it as light, 32,7 % moderated, 34,7 % seriously ill and only 3,7% consider it as very seriously ill.
• The following were disability's proportion of causes: Inborn (24,6 %), acquired by disease (36,1 %), acquired by accident (20,1 %), acquired by advanced age (14,1 %) and acquired by alcohol or drugs (0,7 %).
• Disability's biggest differences in the proportion of cases by sex and age were observed in the caused by accidents and by alcohol and drugs. Both causes were bigger in men; on the other hand, in the caused by advanced age a bigger proportion in women was observed. This is explicable in part because of women’s higher life expectancy.
• The population factors associated with higher disability rates were: o Economically inactive population on the grounds of health ( 62,0
% ) o Pensioners and retired persons (13,8 %) o Without school instruction (12,5 %) o Illiterate (15 years and older) (11,4 %) o Unsuited to read and to write (age 6 to 14) (5,4 %) o Low income (3.2%)
6 SSA-INSP Encuesta Nacional de Salud Pública del año 2000, Tomo 1 pag76-77.
42
10.2. Education The Ministry of Public Education, along with the ORPIS developed the Program of Educational Integration, that mandates children young people and adults with disability to regular schools. However, the principal problem for the efficacious integration is school’s lack of accessibility in the great majority of public and private schools of all the levels throughout the country. The Associations of private and public Universities, are committed to the inclusion of persons with disability, and they are now doing the first changes and studies for this effective integration The Ministry of Public Education has tried to obtain the real number of pupils with disability registered in basic education school being currently engaged in this process. There are 61 Centers and Resources and Information for the Educational Integration (CRIE ) in 25 states and 511 Centers of Multiple Attention in the “Quality Schools Program”. The reform of the Bachelor's Degree in Especial Education that is offered in the Teachers Colleges, took place in 2000 with the presentation of the new Curriculum of the Bachelor's Degree of Especial Education. Forty-six thousand teachers of especial and regular education from all over the country where trained in inclusive education in 2001.7 Regarding the field of education, the First National Survey on Discrimination found that three out four persons with disability consider that they have less opportunities to attend school that the rest of the population.
10.3. Labor This is one of most developed fields found during this research, even though the real impact's indicators do not still exist. The are inter-institutional cooperation network between governmental agencies and NGOs and private enterprises. The inter-institutional governmental network includes the Ministry of Work and Social Security and his delegations; DIF, DIF branches in each state and the Ministry of Public Education. Several civil organizations cooperate in this network. CONFE Mexico city has its own recruitment agency. The DIF's Agencies of Labor Integration through “CHAMBAPAR Program” evaluate applicants’ abilities and skill, setting then his profile and looking for the best job position accordingly. They have attended 7500 persons with disability, of which the 20 % have been placed in a job in the formal labor market. Last year were bestowed 2.469 training scholarships for persons with disability in order to strengthen their rehabilitation and integration process for the labor market.
7 Información obtenida del Programa Nacional de Fortalecimiento a la Integración Educativa del año 2001. La información aquí plasmada no ha podido ser ampliada ya que la no fue posible que la Secretaría de Educación Pública proporcionara información adicional para esta investigación, durante el tiempo proporcionado para la misma.
43 Goodwill Industries, CONFE and some other NGOs throughout train persons disability for the labor market, providing them with working habits, later on they are sent to the governmental agencies of labor integration or human resources agencies like Manpower Mexico, a private company that have a nationwide labor integration program for persons with disability. It is important to indicate that so much Manpower as the governmental agencies lean on civil associations or at integrative companies to inform about job offers to recruit staff; It is not common to find available job offers for persons with disability in the open market. An Integrative Business Award was implemented this year for the recognition of companies that hire workers with disability. At present the country lacks of national systematized information according to disability type, age, gender or ethnos of persons with disability trained and integrated to a job. The National Fund for Social Enterprises (FONAES) created the governmental program “Disabled Entrepreneurs” supporting 14 productive projects of persons with disability in 2004 with an amount of 150,000 USD, representing up to 80 percent of the total project budget. The Warranty Fund for Micro-entrepreneurs with disability was created lat year, supporting the establishment of six “OASIS” grocery stores in the Mexican southeast. The goal for 2006, is to assist one hundred persons with disabilities in the operation and management of the aforementioned stores. 34 articles are free of import taxes, benefiting thirty thousand persons with disability. The Consumer Protection Federal Bureau (PROFECO) held the “PROFECO's first persons with disability consumption analysis Forum” with 101 assistant. The Ministry of Economy distributed 32 thousand brochures with information about the products and services addressed to people with disability. The program to support persons with disability in rural areas of SAGARPA has distributed 1.000 program’s issues and 4.000 brochures on offered support. They have funded more than 5.891 people with disability, with a total investment of 360,000 USD in 486 productive projects from May 2003 to December 2004. The projects submitted for support must comply the requirement of having at least six associates and 20% of them being persons with disability. Government of the Mexico City bestows a subsidy upon persons with disability of low income, counting 67.111 individuals last year, (which would represent 42% of the total of 159.754 persons with disability that INEGI said live in Mexico City)
44 These data throw away as a result two facts key: 1 ) the patronizing focus that keeps prevailing in some government sectors toward persons with disability, in this case, the subsidy granted by the government of the biggest and most important city of the country. 2 ) The figures contrast with reality, since the subsidy really does not get to 42 % of the population with disability of the city, that leaves the numbers presented by the local government in debate, or what's more feasible, shows the wrong data obtained in Population's Census of 2000. The Government of Mexico City has not developed indicators yet on the real impact of the subsidy in the life of persons with disability. But DIF officer states that they have noted a bigger participation of persons with disability in his family and community context, as they are subsidy receptor the spend it. They are coming out of their houses and taking part in the decisions on the acquisitions that will be done with the received money. The data thrown by the First National Survey on Discrimination contrast with the work accomplished to date and reported by governmental and non governmental organizations, or at least indicates that has been insufficient due to the magnitude of the requests and the generalized perception. Almost 83 % of the polled persons with disability, consider that the discrimination toward his condition associates with lesser job opportunities, for the fear of the companies in the decrease of productivity. Almost 40% have received less salary than a not disabled persons performing the same task. 42% declared they have been rejected for a job position because of his/her disability . The 22% states that to get a job it is more difficult to them.
10.4. Information and Communication During the development of present it investigation we did not find quantitative information on accessible information technologies or communication. An evident fact is the ignorance of ample sectors of the government and private enterprises on the information needs of the persons with sensorial disability, since accessibility is understood only like physical adjusting to the physical environment. The governmental dependences that emit information in alternative formats are scarce and only issuing these formats of specific documents related with programs for the population with disability, but no general information about other programs or services offered. The INEGI published five brochures about entitled "Characteristics of Persons with Disability “, and a book that includes a selection of 81 statistical indicators for each disability type, such as: Hearing, language, mental, physical and visual, by state, derived from the result of the XII General Census of Population and Housing 2000. They are not available in alternative format.
45
10.5. Social Security The laws of the Institute of Social Security and Services for the State Workers and the Institute for Social Security of Military Forces still use inappropriate terminology when referring in their texts to "incapacitated people". They envisage the possibility of the rehabilitation of people incapacitated by accidents of work and the right for a pension is recognized incapacitated people when they are dependent insured workers' relatives. In the private sector, the insurance companies do not accept persons with disability if they want to buy a life or medical insurance plan. Persons with disability are only accepted when they are part of a collective contract, usually as a job benefit form the employer. The Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), keep indicators on workers' invalidity and incapacity, from IMSS own workers as from the affiliated companies. The information is available in IMSS web page, along with the next statistical information of labor health.8 The IMSS' available information does not make reference to the disability as such, it is referred to: Indicators:
• Invalidity or incapacity Rates Statistical information
• Invalidity certificate granted by blindness or deafness, cerebral paralysis or another paralytic symptoms
• Permanent incapacities by risks of work, owed to members' amputation • Permanent incapacities by Hypoacustic
The National Health Survey indicates that 771.172 persons with disability declared themselves as IMSS affiliates. We did not find information on labor rehabilitation.
10.6. Accessibility The Mexican Institute of Social Security ( IMSS ), developed in early 90's the first accessibility guidelines that was widely diffused. The guidelines were focused on accessibility for health facilities, embracing also another type of buildings. Later manuals published in the country have been based on this first IMSS Guidelines. The ORPIS presented in 2001 the Accessibility Promotion National Program, focused on accessibility to federal buildings and state funded housing projects. We did not find printed or electronic document containing the text or guidelines of this Program, but the ORPIS' Accessibility Guidelines addressed to general public, and available in the ORPIS' website.
8 Página del IMSS: www.imss.gob.mx, los indicadores se encuentran en la dirección: http://www.imss.gob.mx/dpm/dties//
46
As part of the Accessibility Promotion National Program, ORPIS through the Department of Civil Service elaborated the "Agreement for the Establishment of Accessibility Guidelines for Easy Access of Persons with Disability to Federal Facilities." This Agreement dispositions must be observed by Dependences and Entities of the Public Federal Administration, with the object of standardize the design and execution of architectural elements that facilitate access of persons with disability to indoors and outdoors build environments. The number of federal facilities covered by this agreement amounts 13.535, of whom 7.198 have been diagnosed to date about their current accessibility condition (53 %). Facility diagnostic is the Program's first phase consisting of conducting an evaluation of the facility characteristics and establishing the accessibility needs. There are also subleased federal facilities, which are not covered by this program.9 Information on already accessible facilities was not provided nor information on facilities being in the process of implementing them. The second one phase involves making suitable accesses to facility's public areas, and the third phase is to make completely accessible all areas. Information of facilities implementing any of these two phases was not provided. Federal Government signed an agreement of collaboration between the Ministry of Communications and Transportations and the private operators of airports and airlines establishing technical guidelines to accessibility for persons with disability allowing them to use installations, equipments and services. Public data on accessible private, state or municipal owned buildings or public spaces do not exist. Available statistics exists upon request from Mexico City Government on the number and placement of curb ramps by administrative division.
10.6.1. Housing Regarding the item of housing, the governmental housing institute (INFONAVIT) had the policy of requesting that one in each 100 houses should be accessible, but this was only a recommendation and not a mandatory fulfillment. In October 2002 various public and private hosing agencies( CONAFOVI, INFONAVIT, FOVISSTE, SHF, FONHAPO, CMIC, CANADEVI ), subscribed an agreement to promote accessible housing. The result of this agreement is a design guidelines entitled Criteria for the Construction of Adaptable and Accessible Housing developments , specifying 2 types of criteria for the construction of housing. The Guidelines refers to adaptable housing and to accessible housing. These criteria is aimed to satisfy the need of
9 Instituto de Administración y Avalúo de Bienes Nacionales, según información proporcionada para esta investigación.
47 physically disabled persons as this type is the one benefiting the most form barrier removal. We interviewed INFONAVIT and CONAFOVI officials, confirming that the guidelines are not a mandatory requirement for housing developments. There is no records in the governmental housing agencies of houses built under the adaptability criteria. We only found records of three accessible houses constructed like part of social programs of housing in a dwelling development located in the State of Veracruz. The constructor considers himself the only person that constructs accessible houses at the country. He also stated that this type of construction is more expensive than a regular house under the present parameters for social housing, and that they require 50% more area than the standard lot in use. It is necessary a greater governmental support he finally added.
10.6.2. Transport The country lacks systematized information on this item. There are data on the implementation of accessibility features in public and private operated airports of the country. The majority of the airports re accessible, but they do not represent a real impact in the life of the persons with disability, since less than 10% of the travelers in the country have the economic resources to travel by plane, and de number of disability travelers is unknown. During the present research we found that Mexico City, as the biggest and most populated city in the country, is where specific programs on access to urban transportation exist. Only 3% of 175 underground stations are accessible, and only 9% of the total buses.
10.7. Community Based Rehabilitation The country does not have published governmental indicators in this respect. We found that APAC and Piña Palmera are two organizations of the civil society that do apply RBC. Piña Palmera works with indigenous communities in the State of Oaxaca, in rural and marginalized areas. They stated that RBC is the only tool that applicable in the area and that really enables them to take care of the needs of the people with disability in that context. APAC is based on the Mexico City, but it has several affiliated associations throughout the country replying its way of work with people with cerebral paralysis to her, these affiliates apply RBC a well.
10.8. Discrimination The First National Survey on Discrimination, accomplished by CONAPRED and the Ministry of Social Development, shows that the two must discriminated groups in the country are homosexuals and persons with disability. One of the results is that the fist impression of the average Mexican toward persons with disability is "to show consideration" meaning that they feel pity.
48 32,9% of the surveyed persons with disability answered they have suffered an act of discrimination by his condition and 53,4 % answered that they have felt discriminated at work. The perception toward persons with disability is the following: 41% of the interviewees considered that persons with disability do not work so well like the other ones. One third (37%) considered that quality diminishes in school were there are many children with disability. The 42 % was in accord in than once the difficulties of job that you have at present in Mexico were given, it would be preferable to give work the people without disability. 42% agreed that considering how difficult is to find a job nowadays in Mexico, will be preferable to hire persons without disability than disabled ones. The opinions of persons with disability: 4% answered they consider that discrimination exist in Mexico. Over half as much you expressed that they have not obeyed his rights in Mexico to him and a third part said to have been victim of More than half answered that their rights have not been respected and that they have suffered an act of discrimination due to his/her disability in the last year. They feel rejected, and incapable of having an important role in the society Within the family, the victims of discrimination have been one out of three . Half of them is due to issues of tradition or values in its family, and also half believes that is fair that his family discriminate them because of his/her condition Almost half think that they have fewer possibilities of improving his living conditions. Poverty and the unemployment are the bigger suffering of persons with disability. 60%, think that discrimination in Mexico, has increased or remained the same in the last five years.
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11. Conclusions Mexico has a legal framework covering various aspects for the integration of persons with disability, but of an inadequate, obsolete and inefficient way. The New General Law For Persons with Disability is based on a Medical Model rather than a human rights approach. The United Nation's Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disability have been incorporated in the governmental programs developed recently, but no in the legal framework. The CIF has not had much diffusion and it is only known within the health sector and some related governmental agencies. At present the country is in the phase of implementing the governmental programs developed during the pasts five years . Advances exist, but there is a lack to date of systematized information and the real- impact in the lives of persons with disability. It is clear to notice a country wide need of policies and the clear and effective implementation of governmental programs. During this investigation, we could notice a confusion of responsibilities among the governmental actors implicated, related with programs, agreements and the real needs of persons with disability. The presence of a person with disability in the Presidential Cabinet did not represent for significant advance in the fulfillment of needs of persons with disability. His recent disappearance has only contributed to increasing the confusion and to leave the disability theme of the without a clear and effective leadership. We looked for quantitative indicators regarding attended and working population, persons integrated into regular schools, the need of orthesis and/or artificial members, or at least how many persons with disability belong to poorest sector. It is necessary for the country to count on a reliable national census of persons with disability. The population with disability has felt utilized by other, including Government and even by its own families, using them in excuse to get prebends, electoral votes and resources from all types. There was not a single agency that have developed qualitative indicators on the quality of life or enjoyment and monitoring of the human rights of persons with disability. The population with disability feels discriminated in several aspects of their life, with few opportunities of overcoming. The disability is still seen as a medical, rehabilitative and patronizing theme, but not one of equalitarian integration. Much less as an issue of consumers, public, or partners. The human rights of persons with disability are not being watched nor monitored, nor receiving and adequate treatment in the country.
50
12. Bibliography
12.1. Documents Elwan, Ann; Dudzik, Pamela y Metts, Robert. Disability Policies, Statistics, and Strategies in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Review. Estudio disponible en la página de Internet del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo Antúnez, María Eugenia; Balcázar, Andres. Accesibilidad a las Escuelas en México, Situación Actual y Propuesta de Adecuaciones. Secretaría de Educación Pública, México, 2005 Center for International Rehabilitation. International Disability Rights Monitor: Hernández, Marco; et al. Regional Report of the Americas, México U.S.A. 2004 Comisión Ciudadana de Estudios Contra la Discriminación. La Discriminación en México: Por una Nueva Cultura de la Igualdad. México, 2002 Comisión de Derechos Humanos del Distrito Federal, Compiladora: Dra. Amalia Gamio. Legislación en materia de personas con discapacidad. México 2001 Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos. Panorama Actual de los Derechos Humanos de las Personas con Discapacidad. México, 2003 Comisión Nacional de Fomento a la Vivienda. Criterios de Diseño y Construcción para la Vivienda Adaptable y Accesible. México, 2003 Fridman Mintz, Boris. La Comunidad Silente en México. Texto publicado en Viento del Sur, Núm. 14, marzo 1999, México, DF. Fridman Mintz, Boris. Los Ropajes de la Sordera. México, 2003 Hernández-Licona Gonzalo. Disability and the Labor Market: Data Gaps and Needs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Estudio disponible en la página de Internet del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. El IMSS en Cifras. Discapacidad en Derechohabientes del IMSS, Resultados Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000. México, 2004 Montes, Andrés y Massiah, Ernest. Disability Data: Survey and Methods Issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Estudio disponible en la página de Internet del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo.
51 Presidencia de la República. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo, Informe de Ejecución 2004 Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. Programa de Apoyo a Personas con Discapacidad en el Medio Rural, México 2002 Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación. Memoria, Encuentros Regionales de Grupos Prioritarios México, 2003 Secretaría del Trabajo y Previsión Social, Dirección de Equidad y Genero. Memorias, Primer Encuentro de Rehabilitación en el Trabajo México, Septiembre 2003 Secretaría de Salud. Cuarto Informe de Labores 2004 Secretaría de Salud. Programa Nacional de Salud 2001-2006 Secretaria de Salud. Programa de Acción para la Prevención y Rehabilitación de Discapacidades PreveR – Dis Secretaría de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000
52 12.2. Interviews
Persona Institución Puesto/Área
Paulina Alcaraz Manpower Mexico Chair of “Let’s Walk Together” Program
Ángel Arvizu DIF Officer Alexi Asatashvilli
Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos
Director for NGO’s and Vulnerable Groups
Francisco Cisneros Rivero
Mexican Presidency’s Office for the Promotion and Social Integration of Persons with Disability
Officer
Alejandro Diez Barroso
Federal District Legislative Assembly
PAN Party Chief of Adviser at Federal District Legislative Assembly
Mercedes Estrada
Ministry of Labor and Social Prevision
Direction of Gender and Equity
Boris Fridman Mexican Deaf Federation President Amalia Gamio National Council for the
Prevention of Discrimination
Chair of the Programs for the Advocacy of Rights and Dignity of Persons with Disability
Enrique Garrido Asociación Pro Personas con Parálisis Cerebral A.C.
Director of Teaching, Research and Institutional Affairs
Jorge González Institute of the National Fund for Worker’s Housing
Projects Management
Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
National Rehabilitation Institute
General Director
América Larrainzar
Persons with Disability
Verónica Maldonado
Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food
Gabriela Martínez
Mexican Federation of Organizations in Favor of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities.
General Director Assistant
Alejandro Parodi
TELETON CRIT Edo. De México
Carlos Pérez National System for the Family’s Integral Development, DIF
Subdirector General de Asistencia e Integración Social del DIF Nacional
Gabriela Rojo National Commission on Housing Development
Director of Standards and Building Technology
Ernesto Rosas ORPIS Legal Director Dení Salazar National System for the Operative Officer of the
53 Family’s Integral Development, Mexico City Branch
Promotional Council for the Integration of Persons with Disability
Esther Serafín de Fleischmann
Libre Acceso A.C.
Rita Solís National System for the Family’s Integral Development
Department of Rehabilitation and Social Assistant
Elkan Sorsby Bracsa de México, S.A. de C.V.
Director
Carlos Velasco INFONAVIT Officer Ligia Veloz National Employment
System Officer
54
13. Appendix 1, Results regarding disability from the National Health Survey 200.
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
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14. Aprendix 2, Information from Teleton Foundation. La siguiente información fue proporcionada por la Fundación Teleton a pedido expreso para la presente investigación. Las preguntas se basaron en los indicadores proporcionados en el Protocolo de Investigación. Discapacidades atendidas en el Sistema CRIT: Lesiones y parálisis cerebrales. Lesión medular (congénita y adquirida). Enfermedades neuromusculares. Amputaciones y enfermedades ostearticulares. Otras condiciones congénitas y genéticas generadoras de discapacidad neuromotora. Niños menores de 3 años con factores de riesgo o con daño neurológico cerebral. Total de personas atendidas: Centro EdoMex Occ Oax Ags Coa Gto Total Fecha de apertura May-99 Sep-00 Dic-01 Dic-02 Dic-03 Dic-04 Niños atendidos desde la apertura 6,356 3,876 1,155 1,167 782 948 14,284 Familiares beneficiados desde la apertura 20,339 12,403 3,696 3,734 2,502 3,034 45,709 Servicios brindados desde la apertura 856,327 416,932 135,783 104,649 49,922 50,450 1,614,063 Rango de edad de las personas atendidas: 0 a 18 años. Solicitudes de atención recibidas: 27,284. Solicitudes de atención aceptadas: 14, 284. Número de médicos especialistas con que cuenta el sistema CRIT: Médicos especialistas en Rehabilitación: 55. Médicos Pediatras: 8. Médicos Ortopedistas: 8. Médicos Neuropediatras: 9. Médicos Genética: 6. Médicos Oftalmólogos: 2. Médicos Urólogos: 6. Odontólogos: 6. Anestesiólogos: 6. Médicos Imagen y Radiología: 3. Número de solicitud de ayudas técnicas recibidas (sillas de ruedas, muletas, etc): 2065 Número de ayudas técnicas entregadas:
63 2065 Duración de las sesiones conforme al tratamiento dado: 50 minutos por sesión. Duración promedio total de los tratamientos: En general: 10.45 sesiones por paciente. Terapia Física mecanoterapia: 12.76. Terapia Física hidroterapia: 10.19 Terapia de Lenguaje: 9.37 Terapia Ocupacional: 7.5 Número de consultas por usuario: 4. Número de usuarios que terminan su tratamiento, respecto a los usuarios aceptados: 2,865. Demanda futura estimada de servicios: 9,177. Perfil socioeconómico de los usuarios: El 95% de los pacientes tiene el 98% de descuento de las cuotas de recuperación. Nivel socioeconómico bajo bajo y bajo medio. Radio de influenza de los CRIT: CRIT Estado de México: Nacional. Con mayor magnitud Ciudad de México y Estado de México. CRIT Occidente: 10 estados de la región. CRIT Oaxaca: Estado de Oaxaca y 3 estados aledaños. CRIT Aguascalientes: Estado de Aguascalientes y 5 estados. CRIT Coahuila: Estado de Coahuila y 3 estados aledaños. CRIT Guanajuato: Estado de Guanajuato y 3 Estados aledaños. Tiempo promedio que invierten los usuarios para asistir a los tratamientos: Una hora. Relación de los usuarios que asisten a una institución de educación, entre los que no asisten. 45% acuden a Institución Educativa. Qué indicadores internos se manejan para medir la efectividad de los tratamientos: El Sistema WeeFIM. Formas de integración alcanzadas al egreso: Integración vínculo familiar. Integración Escolar – escuela regular -
64 Integración Escolar – escuela regular con apoyo psicopedagógico - Integración Escolar – educación especial – Integración Laboral. Alcance de desarrollo psicomotor normal. ¿Se llevan a cabo encuestas para medir el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios?: Si. Otras instituciones gubernamentales o de la sociedad civil con las cuales mantienen relaciones o convenios: Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Hospital Santa Fe. México. D.F. Hospital Corporativo Satélite. Estado de México. Instituto Contra la Ceguera en México. Instituto de Seguridad Social al Servicio de los Trabajadores del Estado. Gobiernos de los Estados. Hospitales Públicos y Privados en cada Estado donde existe un CRIT.
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15. Anexo 4, Actividades de la Asociación Piña Palmera A.C.
Informe de actividades 2004
En el año de 2004 Piña Palmera ha tenido logros importantes y hemos atendido a 392 personas con diferentes discapacidades. En el mes de Enero recibimos la visita del Rector de la Universidad Iberoamericana, el Padre Enrique González. Torres, así como de Maestros de la Universidad de Scranton; USA. En el mes de Febrero se llevó a cabo un mini campamento en donde participaron 7 jóvenes con discapacidad de las comunidades. Nos visitaron los dentistas y optometristas del grupo de Katan Lukan de Estados Unidos, ellos dieron atención en una de las comunidades en donde trabajamos. En este mismo mes nos visito Lasse Keisalo de la Embajada de Finlandia. En el mes de Marzo del 26 al 29 de abril participó un grupo de médicos con un programa de nutrición de la Fundación Por los Niños del Planeta, revisaron a varios niños y niñas con el fin de complementar su alimentación con algunos suplementos durante un año.En este mes también nos visitó el Coordinador de programas de voluntarios de JICA (Japón). En el mes de Mayo contamos con la capacitación de talleres sobre comunicación y género impartidos por Carmina Hernández, del Distrito Federal. Tuvimos también la visita de un psicólogo de la Universidad de las Américas de Puebla, quien tuvo algunas charlas y talleres con las distintas áreas del centro. Se incorporó en el mes de Mayo, primero como voluntaria y después en el mes de Junio como parte de la Coordinación General y del Área de Terapia, dando orientación psicológica, Ruth Susana Castro Alejo, Lic. en Desarrollo Humano. Realizaron su servicio social 6 estudiantes de la Universidad Iberoamericana que colaboraron con distintas actividades cotidianas del centro así como aportes específicos del área de su carrera. Y dos estudiantes de la Universidad de Guadalajara ITESO. En Junio nos visitaron 40 padres de familia y maestros de la Escuela de Educación Especial de Salinas Cruz para conocer nuestro trabajo El mes de Julio fue un mes lleno de trabajo y visitas al centro. Entre ellas, participaron con nosotros 12 estudiantes de la Brigada de Dentistas de la Universidad Autónoma de México, dando atención a 205 personas. Contamos con la presencia de dos franceses de la organización de AGIR, que vinieron al Centro a instalar un electroencefalógrafo y dieron una pequeña capacitación para manejar el mismo. Se realizó aquí en Piña Palmera, la Reunión de la Red Discapacidad y en la Ciudad de México se llevó a cabo la Reunión con la Universidad de
66 Scranton. Nos visitó el grupo Dragones de USA; participamos en la 3er Jornada de Discapacidad y Desarrollo en Ecuador presentando una ponencia acerca de nuestro trabajo en zona rural. En Agosto nuevamente nos apoyó un Dentista de Kata Lukan, esta vez con la posibilidad de salir a las comunidades para dar atención Dental. En el mes de Septiembre participamos en un intercambio en Suecia con otras organizaciones y Centros de Rehabilitación. También participamos en el Foro Internacional por la No Discriminación en la Ciudad de México. En el mes de Octubre nos visitó el Coordinador de JICA, la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional de Japón, y contamos también con la presencia de un médico estadounidense quien apoyo en el área de atención médica a los usuarios del Centro. Participamos en el encuentro de APAC en Acapulco y en el Foro “Sumando Esfuerzos por la Salud” en la Cuidad de México. Contamos también con la visita de un grupo de estudiantes estadounidenses, acompañados por William S. Stone de la “School of International Training”. En el mes de Noviembre, nos visitó un grupo de estudiantes de la Escuela Normal Huajuapan de León, quienes participaron en las diversas actividades del centro. Participamos también como ponentes en el Foro de Discapacidad y Reducción de la Pobreza en la Ciudad de Washington, presentando una ponencia de nuestro trabajo de Rehabilitación Basada en y con la Comunidad. Nos visitaron también el mes de Noviembre tres jóvenes con discapacidad de Cuernavaca, Morelos con los que tuvimos el programa de vida independiente durante tres semanas, se capacitaron en las diversas actividades del centro. En el mes de Diciembre contamos con la capacitación en técnicas básicas para encefalógrafo por la organización AGIR. En Noviembre la organización AMAIT nos organizó un evento en la Ciudad de México para recaudar fondos para Piña Palmera, el programa fue dirigido por Adriana Anchustegui. En el mes de Diciembre participamos en el evento “Sen-sibilizate Huatulco 2004” con Saúl Mendoza. En Diciembre también nos visitó Marta Cecilia Ornelas quien llevo a cabo un Taller de Constelaciones Familiares, para personas con y sin discapacidad. Tuvimos la visita de la Lic. Mónica de Fundación Best de la Ciudad de Oaxaca con el fin de conocer personalmente nuestro Centro. Recibimos como donación un electroencefalógrafo por parte de la organización francesa AGIR, para lo cual se está capacitando en la Ciudad de México una compañera del equipo de terapia.
67 Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad (R.B.C): Este programa se lleva a cabo en las comunidades de Nopala, Sto. Domingo de Morelos, Candelaria, San Gabriel, Las Cuevas y su objetivo es la rehabilitación e integración de personas con discapacidad a través de la capacitación de familiares o promotores locales voluntarios. El equipo de terapia de Piña Palmera asiste a cada comunidad para supervisar el trabajo con el usuario cada quince y/o 30 días. En 2004 el avance de las familias y usuarios han sido notables, existe mayor participación de las personas con discapacidad en los diferentes ámbitos comunitarios, así mismo la autoridad se comprometió con el tema de discapacidad. En Puerto Escondido en la Escuela de Educación Especial también estamos dando atención directa a usuarios de la comunidad y capacitando a las maestras de acuerdo a sus necesidades. Las familias de Candelaria volvieron a retomar el trabajo en esta comunidad, el equipo de Piña Palmera había decidido ya no trabajar ahí por la falta de interés de las autoridades y familiares. En el mes de Mayo se llevaron a cabo talleres de sensibilización para padres de hijos de PCI, impartidos por Carmina Hernández artista plástica del Distrito Federal. En el mes de Mayo, iniciamos el trabajo con los grupos de autoayuda para padres de hijos con discapacidad, iniciado con Cintia Bite, desde la perspectiva de género y continuado en Julio por Ruth. Actualmente contamos con un grupo en cada comunidad donde trabajamos. Hicimos una primera visita a dos comunidades del Municipio de Tehuantepec: Los Morros y Sta. Gertrudis, en donde se trabajara con los grupos de Jornaleros Agrícolas Número de usuarios de RBC: 167 Número de Municipios en donde se lleva a cabo RBC: 4 Número de comunidades en donde se lleva a cabo RBC: 4 Rehabilitación en Piña Palmera (R.P.P): Se da atención a usuarios externos e internos del centro que presentan problemas físicos, de lenguaje, conductual y aprendizaje. Los terapeutas evalúan al usuario en forma individual para posteriormente hacer un programa integral para su rehabilitación e integración. Los usuarios son de las comunidades: El Coyote, San Isidro, Puerto Escondido, Río Grande, Chila, Benito Juárez, Sta. Elena, Arroyo Cruz, Puerto Ángel, Sta. Ma. Tonameca, La Galera, Tilzapote, Palma Larga, Zipolite, Mazunte, Pochutla, La Florida, La Vijia, Chacalapa, El Venado, Azulillo, Salinas Cruz, Numero de usuarios: 225 Número de personas referidas a especialistas: 55
• Se atendieron a 6 pacientes en Terapia Temporal; programa en el que participan usuarios y sus familias
• Se brindó a los usuarios atención multidisciplinaria, (terapia física, de lenguaje y aprendizaje, lenguaje de señas, terapia ocupacional) de
68 acuerdo a sus necesidades, refiriéndolos a atención psicológica en el caso de los que así lo requirieron.
• Participaron los usuarios en hidroterapia en la tina en Piña Palmera Hidroterapia: Es parte de la rehabilitación en donde se trabaja con ejercicios acuáticos, socialización y juegos en la playa y en el mar. También se enseña a nadar a niños y jóvenes en la playa de Puerto Ángel. Número de usuarios: 10 usuarios participan cada sábado Intervención Temprana: Programa dirigido a usuarios de 0 a 6 años, y sus padres, en donde se hacen ejercicios para estimular el desarrollo de las capacidades psicomotoras. La primera parte de las sesiones se dedica a revisar el programa de casa de cada participante, después se llevan acabo actividades conjuntas de terapeutas con las madres. Y por último, las madres trabajan en un grupo de auto apoyo. Las comunidades con las que se trabajo fueron: Tlalpiche, Pochutla, Zapotal, Cuatode, Zipolite, Chacalapa, Sta. Ma. Huatulco, La crucecita Huatulco. Número de usuarios: 15
• Se ha trabajado de forma constante en general con los usuarios. • Se trabaja capacitando a los familiares de los niños, madres
principalmente para que lleven a cabo la continuidad de los ejercicio es en sus casas.
• Se ha iniciado el trabajo con las madres de los niños en un grupo de autoayuda.
Enseñanza de lenguaje de señas: Se atendieron a 32 niños y jóvenes, de las comunidades de Puerto Escondido, Puerto Ángel, Pochutla, Tiltepec y Nopala, Santo Domingo de Morelos, Candelaria Loxicha, Escobilla, San Gabriel, Macahuite, Cozoaltepec, San Isidro, Lachao, Tonameca, Tehuantepec, San Isidro, las edades oscilan de 3 años a 29 años. Se integraron 3 usuarios nuevos. Total de consultas: 213
• La participación de estas comunidades ha sido constante, lo que es importante para los resultados en la rehabilitación.
• Se trabajó lenguaje de señas, logogenia, matemáticas básica, estimulación auditiva y oralización
• El trabajo se realizó directamente en las comunidades donde viven las personas con discapacidad. Se ha capacitado a maestros de escuelas Primarias en el lenguaje de señas, de acuerdo a las necesidades de la comunidad.
• Un usuario ha asumido la responsabilidad de ser promotor en su comunidad y se ha integrado a un programa PGI para lograr generar ingresos económicos.
69 Terapia de lenguaje y aprendizaje: Participaron niños y adultos usuarios entre 2 años hasta 25 años de edad, los cuales son de Zipolite, Puerto Ángel, Pochutla, Arroyo Cruz, Huatulco, Tultepec, Candelaria, Tonameca, Ocotlán, Tilzapote, Zapote, San Gabriel, Santo Domingo de Morelos, Santo Reyes Nopala, Chacalapa, Cerro Gordo, Soluta. Se han integrado 20 usuarios para la atención. Número de usuarios: 71 Número de consultas: 704
• Se dio de alta a una usuaria que estuvo en proceso de rehabilitación actualmente está integrada y cursa 4 año escolar en la Primaria
• Se han canalizado a usuarios al área de psicología y neurología • Para las personas de comunidades lejanas se les han hecho
programas de casa. Atención médica en Piña Palmera: Se hacen revisiones médicas del estado general de salud a usuarios que serán referidos por los terapeutas de Piña Palmera, así como control de llagas y chequeo del estado nutricional de algunos usuarios. También se hacen revisiones periódicas a los jóvenes con discapacidad severa que viven en las instalaciones de Piña Palmera. En 2004 hemos recibido la atención de Dentistas de la UNAM que dieron consultas totalmente gratis en las instalaciones del Centro. Así mismo contamos con el apoyo de optometristas de USA los cuales revisaron a usuarios y sus familias en las comunidades en donde trabajamos. Consultas Médicas: 443 Consultas odontológicas: 205 Consultas optometrista: 160 Partos: 3 Apoyo Escolar: Se realizan actividades de apoyo de tareas escolares y regularización a niños con y sin problemas de aprendizaje a nivel primarios y secundarios en Piña Palmera. Se apoya económicamente a un joven que radica en la Ciudad de Puebla y está estudiando la carrera de Terapia Física. En este año 5 niños dejaron de participar a partir del mes de Agosto ya que su avance fue positivo. Así mismo se integró a una joven usuaria del programa de Rehabilitación Basada en y con la Comunidad. Número de usuarios: 11 En 2004 se reanudaron las actividades de la ludoteca en el centro con actividades llevadas a cabo por el grupo de voluntarios. Esta actividad se lleva a cabo dos veces a la semana y participan alrededor de 6 niños. Tiene la finalidad de apoyar su desarrollo.
70 Campamentos de Primavera y Verano: En Piña Palmera realizamos 2 campamentos durante el año. El primero se lleva a cabo en Primavera con duración de una semana, en este tiempo niños y jóvenes con y sin discapacidad de las comunidades alejadas de Piña Palmera conviven y participan en las diferentes actividades que se realizan. El segundo campamento se realiza en Verano, (este año con duración de una semana a diferencia de los años anteriores) se realizan diferentes actividades en donde participan niños y jóvenes con y sin discapacidad de las comunidades cercanas al Centro. El objetivo principal de los campamentos es lograr la integración y la independencia de los niños y jóvenes con discapacidad, así como el desarrollo de sus habilidades a través de actividades manuales, artísticas y recreativas. El Campamento de Primavera se llevó a cabo del 12 al 17 de Abril de 2004, el campamento de verano se realizó en una semana solamente del 26 de Julio al 30 de Julio de 2004. Número de participantes: 91 personas de los cuales el 50% tiene una discapacidad.
• Algunos niños y jóvenes con discapacidad, son actualmente apoyos con responsabilidades específicas para las actividades con los usuarios.
• Se llevó a cabo un espectáculo de danza y música prehispánica. • Participaron con una presentación de mímica los jóvenes usuarios
con sordera de Pochutla. • Se realizó hidroterapia en el mar que propicio la socialización de los
chicos con discapacidad. • Se llevó a cabo un “sensorama” por parte de la Universidad
Indoamericana del D.F. donde los chicos con discapacidad experimentaron sus sentidos.
Cuidados Especiales: Damos la atención a 5 jóvenes con discapacidad severa que viven en Piña Palmera, 4 de ellos sin familia. Se llevaron a cabo actividades de higiene personal y alimentación así como revisión médica básica para elevar la calidad de vida de los jóvenes. Se trabajo con profilaxis y ejercicios físicos para evitar contracturas. Estos jóvenes han participado en actividades recreativas como salidas a la playa, excursiones, salidas al pueblo, entre otras. Participaron también en Hidroterapia en el mar, papel reciclado y huerta. Se llevó a 3 de los jóvenes a revisión con especialista en la Ciudad de Oaxaca para control de medicinas y estudios especializados. Se continuó con uno de los jóvenes con el programa de Aurícula. Se realizaron actividades y platicas con una especialista en Desarrollo Humano. Elías, un joven de 13 años con Distrofia Duchen, que vivía con su madre y hermanos en Piña Palmeras, falleció este año.
• Estabilidad en cuanto a la nutrición y peso, • Mantenimiento de las condiciones de salud,
71 • Integración de los jóvenes en Piña Palmera y en la comunidad con el
apoyo de voluntarios • El programa de aurícula generó una mejoría notable en el aspecto
físico y en desarrollo motor, así como en la capacidad de descanso del joven.
Voluntarios: Constantemente colaboran con nosotros entre 15 y 20 voluntarios extranjeros y mexicanos que participan en las diferentes actividades del Centro. También recibimos cooperantes que son profesionales y capacitan a nuestro personal. Con la Universidad Iberoamericana tenemos un programa para recibir estudiantes para realizar su Servicio social en Piña Palmera. De la misma manera a partir del año 2003 llevamos el programa de Servicio Social con estudiantes de la Universidad ITESO de Guadalajara y Estudiantes del Universidad Indoamericana del DF. Contamos con la participación de estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional, Física y Pedagogía que realizaron sus prácticas y servicio social en Piña Palmera. En esta área tenemos un Convenio con la Universidad de Rehabilitación de la Ciudad de Puebla para que estudiantes de sus carreras hagan su servicio en Piña Palmera durante un año. Número de voluntarios: 31 Durante 2004 participaron voluntarios de diferentes países: Alemania, Italia, Francia, Bélgica, Suecia, Suiza, Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Canadá, España y México. El trabajo de Piña Palmera ha sido fuertemente enriquecido con la participación de voluntarios que tienen diferentes experiencias e ideas creativas, además de la disposición de apoyo en cada una de las actividades que realiza Piña Palmera. Este año regresaron a Piña Palmera 3 voluntarios que ya habían estado con nosotros, dos de Alemania, una de Suecia.
• Los jóvenes de cuidados especiales han tenido la oportunidad de participar en actividades afuera de Piña Palmera,
• El Taller de Artesanías cuenta con una tienda equipada y diferentes artículos para su venta.
• El área de Rehabilitación contó con personal especializado que capacitó al personal local.
• La ludoteca se puso de nuevo en marcha. Personal y residentes: Piña Palmera cuenta ahora con un personal fijo de 24 personas, 16 mujeres y 8 hombres, de los cuales 20 tienen más de cinco años trabajando en el centro. Viven en nuestras instalaciones 10 personas; 4 niños y jóvenes, 4 con discapacidad severa y 2 adultos. Además durante el día, 8 niños más un adulto con discapacidad reciben servicio de alimentación y apoyo escolar. Programas de radio: Con el objetivo de informar a un mayor número de familias que viven en comunidades alejadas y sensibilizar a la población en general acerca de temas sobre discapacidad, salud, rehabilitación, prevención e integración, en la
72 radio local XEPX, “La voz del Ángel”. En 2004 continuamos haciendo los programas en el horario de martes y jueves a las 13 hrs. con 15 minutos cada programa. Número de programas: 80 Temas radio: Integración de personas con discapacidad física, Integración laboral para personas en sillas de ruedas, Testimonio de una madre de familia de una joven con PCI, Testimonios de personas con PCI, Liderazgo de personas con discapacidad, Ceguera, Experiencia de familiares de personas autistas, autoestima, Proceso por el que pasan la familia con un integrante con discapacidad, sexualidad y discapacidad, apoyo a familiares de personas con discapacidad y apoyo a personas con discapacidad. Madres que participan en el programa de Intervención Temprana. Durante los primeros meses del 2004 los programas en la radio tuvieron como tema: Que hace Piña Palmera, cuales son las actividades que tienen, quienes participan, exposición por parte de los Coordinadores de actividades acerca de los logros y obstáculos. Otras actividades: En el Centro se llevan acabo actividades recreativas y conmemorativas para la convivencia de niños y jóvenes de la localidad en fechas tales como Día de reyes, Día del Niño, Navidad y Día de la Madre, Día de muertos, donde se busca la integración de personas con y sin discapacidad de los que viven en el Centro y personas cercanas a Piña Palmera. Eventos organizados durante 2004: 8 Festejo del día de Reyes: participaron 15 niños Festejo del día del Niño: participaron 25 niños Talleres: Artesanía, Papel reciclado, Asientos especiales y Carpintería: Estos talleres se llevan a cabo en las instalaciones del Centro. El de artesanías y papel reciclado producen artículos para la venta. En papel reciclado, este año, se hicieron agendas, portarretratos y hojas con materiales naturales. Se capacitó aproximadamente a 65 personas, entre ellos, varios jóvenes, estudiantes, y maestros de la región, así como voluntarios del centro. Así mismo, participamos en una de las actividades de la Escuela Secundaria de Puerto Ángel, apoyando a uno de los jóvenes invidentes con el que trabajamos, para que él diera un taller de papel reciclado. Con los tres jóvenes de Cuernavaca del programa “Vida Independiente” se les capacitó también en la elaboración de artículos de papel reciclado. Actualmente participa y coordina las actividades, junto con el responsable del área, un joven con discapacidad con el cual hemos tenido resultados satisfactorios dentro de su proceso de rehabilitación e integración laboral. En cuanto a asientos, se elaboraron asientos especiales y se capacito a los padres de familia en cómo adaptar aparatos y sillas para que las personas con discapacidad puedan tener mayor movilidad de sus miembros. El taller de Carpintería hace muebles y accesorios de madera para el acondicionamiento de las instalaciones del Centro. Además se capacitó también a
73 jóvenes con discapacidad del programa de vida independiente y a voluntarios del centro. Talleres impartidos en Piña Palmera: Cada año buscamos diferentes opciones de capacitación y/o intercambio de experiencias con otras organizaciones. Resultado: El equipo de terapia ha recibido cada día miércoles capacitación en las diferentes áreas de rehabilitación por parte de un terapeuta Canadiense. Carmina Hernández impartió el Taller de Comunicación y Género, para el grupo de Mujeres y el grupo de Hombres de Piña Palmera. Se realizó también un taller sobre autismo por dos voluntarias estadounidenses. Cintia Bitar realizó el taller sobre Género en el mes de Junio. En las instalaciones de Piña Palmera y durante todo el año en las comunidades en donde trabajamos Rehabilitación Basada en y con la Comunidad. Trabajo grupal con el área de Cuidados especiales para mejorar la situación laboral y personal a cargo de orientadora en Desarrollo Humano Ruth S. Castro. Capacitación a padres de familia para la conformación de un grupo de autoayuda con los padres de intervención temprana, Ruth S. Castro. Impartimos un Taller de desarrollo comunitario y discapacidad a un grupo de 20 estudiantes de USA de diferentes carreras, que vinieron a visitarnos. Talleres impartidos en las comunidades e instituciones: Hemos llevado acabo talleres de Sensibilización hacia la Discapacidad a Maestros, Promotores de Salud, Médicos, Enfermeras y estudiantes. El objetivo es crear conciencia y romper prejuicios y miedo hacia las personas con discapacidad, buscando alternativas para mejorar la calidad de vida y su integración. Además se ha llevado acabo talleres con padres de hijos con necesidades especiales con temas como sexualidad, autoestima, proceso de duelo, salud e higiene entre otros. En Suecia impartimos un Taller del modelo de Rehabilitación Basada en y con la Comunidad a terapeutas en rehabilitación y directivos de organizaciones civiles y gubernamentales. Total Talleres: 70 Agradecemos a Fundación Quiera, Embajada de Finlandia, UNILEVER, AMAIT, Indesol, Fundación Vamos FDS, Amigos de Piña Palmera Suecia; Fundación Mario Moreno Reyes, Liliane Foundation, Grupo ADO, Slade Childe, donadores privados, Fundación Vamos México, Por los niños del Planeta. Fundación Best, Fundación Maria Teresa de Jesús, Fomento Social Banamex Gupo Katan Luckan (USA) y a cada uno de los que hicieron posible llevar a cabo nuestras actividades.