memory
DESCRIPTION
Memory. Atkinson and Shiffrin , (1968) classic model of memory. Baddeley , (1992) ‘modern’ model of memory. Ebbinhaus ’ retention curve. GOV, NUV, LOM, KEL. Serial Position Effect. Primacy Effect Recency Effect Next-in-line Effect. Encoding. Mnemonics. Peg word Method of loci - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Memory
Atkinson and Shiffrin, (1968) classic model of memory
Baddeley, (1992) ‘modern’ model of memory
Ebbinhaus’ retention curve
GOV, NUV, LOM, KEL
Serial Position Effect
Primacy Effect
Recency Effect
Next-in-line Effect
Encoding
MnemonicsPeg wordMethod of lociChunking
1776, 1812, 1861, 1898, 1917, 1941, 1950, 1963, 1991
Storage: Sensory Memory
Short-Term/Working MemoryOn the next slides you will see a
series of numbers. I will also say the numbers out loud. After I say the last number, the numbers will disappear.
Silently, write the numbers, in the exact order, on your paper.
2831
74139
497215
5183926
16953472
362514798
6154983287
89316427513
STM – The Magic #7 +/- 2• Short-Term Memory – memory that
holds onto about seven sensory inputs for about twenty seconds
• An experiment in STM:• Look at each of the following words –
one at a time – for ONLY two seconds. Silently repeat the word as I say it out loud.• When we have gone through all 15
words, then try to reproduce the words, in the correct order, on the piece of paper.
Peach
Book
Sword
Car
Enemy
Mirror
Shoe
Thermometer
Clock
Brick
Bed
Salt
Flower
Calendar
Airplane
Reproduce the list of words in the correct order
1. Peach2. Book3. Sword4. Car5. Enemy6. Mirror7. Shoe8. Thermometer9. Clock10. Brick11. Bed12. Salt13. Flower14. Calendar15. Airplane
Long-Term Memory
A Quick Exercise in LTMAnswer the following questions about
everyday things that should be in your LTM
1. Whose portrait is on the ten dollar bill?2. What two letters do not appear on a
standard land phone?3. What is the color of the top stripe of the
American flag? 4. The bottom stripe? 5. How many red and how many white
stripes does the flag have?
Feature SensoryMemory
Working Memory LTM
Encoding Copy Phonemic Semantic
Capacity Unlimited 7±2 Chunks Very Large
Duration 0.25 sec. 20 sec. Years
RetrievalRecall vs. Recognition, Part 1
◦Write down the number of any word that you believe is misspelled.
1. Acomplishment2. Acheivement3. Consolidate4. Consistant5. Reccommend6. Maintainance
Write out the word with the correct spelling.
Recall vs. Recognition, Part 1I
1. Accomplishment2. Achievement3. Consolidate4. Consistent5. Recommend6. Maintenance
More recall vs. recognitionOn the sheet of paper, write
down as many of the names of the seven dwarfs from the Disney version of Snow White and the 7 Dwarfs.
Snow White and the 7 DwarfsSniffy Ziggy Happy
Skippy
Dopey Stumbly DocGiggly
Scooby GrumpyStubby Goofy
Bashful ScrappySleepy Snoozy
Bossy SneezyWheezy Giggles
Watch and listen carefully . . .
G X C O T R L M B W Q
Silently, begin counting backwards by threes from 100 until I tell you to stop.
100 . . . 97 . . . 94 . . .
• G X C O T R L M B W Q
Proactive or Retroactive Interference?
Proactive – (forward-acting) the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Retroactive – (backward-acting) the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information