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    By Khaled Abdel-AzizAssistant lecturer of clinical oncologyAin Shams University

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    3000 BC

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    2013

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    Human beings, who are almost unique in having the ability to

    learn from the experience of others, are also remarkable for their

    apparent disinclination to do so.

    Douglas Adams, Last Chance to See

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    MEDLINE is the U.S. National Library ofMedicine's (NLM) premier bibliographicdatabase that contains over 16 millionbiomedical journal articles. A distinctive

    feature of MEDLINE is that the records areindexed with NLM's Medical Subject Headings(MeSH).

    http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/mesh.htmlhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/mesh.html
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    Time coverage: 1950-

    Subject coverage: Medicine, Nursing,Dentistry, Veterinary medicine, Alliedhealth, Pre-clinical sciences

    Source: Currently, citations andabstracts.

    Citationsare from approximately 5,200worldwide journals in 37 languages.

    Abstractsare included for more than75% of the records.

    Full textof some articles can be locatedby clicking links.

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    A freely available database

    Created by the National Library of Medicine

    Citations to scholarly literature

    Covers fields of biomedicine and health

    Big Contains over 22 million citations, many

    with abstracts

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    Includes all of the content from MEDLINE

    Also includes citations to articles not yet in

    MEDLINE (very old, or very new articles not

    yet indexed)

    Includes selected articles in fields not covered

    by MEDLINE such as astrophysics

    Coverage from 1946-Present

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    What is Ovid?

    Ovid is a company that designs searchengines. Though they do this for a number of

    products, the ones that are of particularinterest to evidence-based searchingare MEDLINEand Evidence-based MedicineReviews (EBMR).

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    Is MEDLINE different than Ovid?

    Ovid has the same database that you will findif you were to search MEDLINE onPubMed.

    However, there are differences in the way yousearch MEDLINEon Ovid.

    Ovid's software provides easier access tocertain search limiters.

    Using MEDLINEon Ovid allows you to limityour search to only studies that werereviewed in EBMR.

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    Where to start?

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    How do I know whatterms to use?????

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    Medical Subject Headings

    Subject terms assigned to articles by PubMed

    indexers, specialists who read article

    Highly specificover 26,000 terms

    Excellent way to search PubMed

    utMeSH only works for citations that have

    been indexed, so you will miss some citations

    searching with MeSH

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    What if I get 114,629results?

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    Based on mathematical logic

    Uses the words AND, OR, and NOT to connect

    search terms

    These words (Boolean operators) can either

    limit or expand your search

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    Rheumatoid

    Arthritis

    Sinus Infections

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    Rheumatoid

    ArthritisSinus Infections

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    Shortcut for finding all forms of a word

    PubMed uses the asterisk character (*) for

    truncation

    interven*retrieves intervention,interventional, interventions...

    Expands search

    Be careful Truncation turns off automatic term

    mapping in simple searchcheck search details

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    Searches for words adjacent to each other

    PubMed only allows for exact phrase

    searchingwords next to each other in exact

    order

    Use quotation marks to enclose search

    phraseTotal resection in G M is associated

    with

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    I did a great searchnowwhat???

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    Clipboard holds information for 8 hours

    Clipboard best for short sessions

    My NCBI provides permanent storage of citations

    My NCBI has many other helpful personalization

    features

    My NCBI very useful if use PubMed regularly or

    for big projects

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    Advantages Easy search interface

    Searches across disciplines and sources

    Searches full text of articles

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    Disadvantages Dont know exactly what it is searching

    Searching is by exact word match only no subject

    headings to provide context

    Only basic limits available no age groups

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    Great tool but use it as asupplement to, and not areplacement for subject indexes

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    Systematic reviews of literature onspecific subjects

    The Cochrane Collaboration, established in 1993, isan international network of people helpinghealthcare providers, policy makers, patients, theiradvocates, make well-informed decisions about

    human health care by preparing, updating andpromoting the accessibility of Cochrane Reviews Comprises 5449 published reviews and 2370 protocols

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    www.guideline.gov

    EBM practice guidelines

    The NGC mission is to provide physicians and

    other health professionals, health care providers,health plans, integrated delivery systems,purchasers, and others an accessible mechanismfor obtaining objective, detailed information on

    clinical practice guidelines and to further theirdissemination, implementation, and use.

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    http://www.tripdatabase.com/

    The TRIP Databaseis a free clinical searchengine. Its primary function is to helpclinicians identify the best available evidencewith which to answer this clinical questions.Its roots are firmly in the world of Evidence-based medicine

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    www.nice.org.uk A special health authority of theNational Health Service (NHS) inEngland and Wales.

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    NICE carries out assessments of themost appropriate treatment regimesfor different diseases. This must take

    into account both desired medicaloutcomes (i.e. the best possible resultfor the patient) and also economicarguments regarding differingtreatments.

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    DARE

    DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects) isfocused primarily on systematic reviews that evaluatethe effects of health care interventions and thedelivery and organisation of health services.

    Those citations identified as potential systematicreviews are then independently assessed for inclusionby two researchers using the following criteria: Were inclusion/exclusion criteria reported?

    Was the search adequate?

    Were the included studies synthesized?

    Was the quality of the included studies assessed?

    Are sufficient details about the individual included studies

    presented?

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    Answer questions about the effects of

    interventions Develop guidelines Make policy

    INCLUDES:

    Summaries of systematic reviews about theeffects of health care interventions.

    Commentary on the quality of a reviewsmethodology

    Discussion of the results Information on the reviews impact for clinicalpractice

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    Uptodate: freeuptodate.com Clinical Evidence

    DynaMedPIER

    Dartmouth EBM Database

    Evidence- ased Journal series

    Bmjupdates

    InfoPOEMS

    http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/index.jsphttp://tinyurl.com/clafe8mhttp://online.statref.com/Document.aspx?grpalias=YALE&FxId=92&DocId=1http://dom.hitchcock.org/ebm/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/biomed/resources/ejournals.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/biomed/resources/ejournals.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/biomed/resources/ejournals.htmlhttp://bmjupdates.mcmaster.ca/index.asphttp://www.infopoems.com/infopoems/main.cfmhttp://www.infopoems.com/infopoems/main.cfmhttp://bmjupdates.mcmaster.ca/index.asphttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/biomed/resources/ejournals.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/biomed/resources/ejournals.htmlhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/~library/biomed/resources/ejournals.htmlhttp://dom.hitchcock.org/ebm/http://online.statref.com/Document.aspx?grpalias=YALE&FxId=92&DocId=1http://tinyurl.com/clafe8mhttp://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/index.jsp
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    Honesty is for the most partless profitable thandishonesty.

    Plato

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    Diederik Alexander Stapel

    is a former professor of social psychology at Tilburg

    University and before that at the University ofGroningen in the Netherlands. In 2011 TilburgUniversity suspended Stapel, pending furtherinvestigation, for fabricating and manipulating data

    for his research publications. This scientificmisconduct took place over a number of years andaffected at least 55 publications.

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    Theses and Dissertations

    Conference Proceedings

    Newsletters

    Reports

    Government Documents

    Informal Communication (telephone calls, meetings)

    Translations Census, economic and other data sources

    Conference proceedings and abstracts

    Research reports (completed and uncompleted)

    Technical reports

    Videos

    Clinical Trials/

    Clinical Guidelines

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    But new trends are making it easier..

    Open access publishing

    Search engines

    Collaborative writing

    Publishing via wikis and blogs

    Personal communications

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    Grey Literature Network Service http://www.greynet.org

    OpenGrey: System for Information on Grey Literature inEurope. http://www.opengrey.eu/

    NewYork Academy of Medicine Grey Lit site

    http://www.nyam.org/library/grey.shtml

    FADE Libraryhttp://www.fade.nhs.uk/

    HMIC: Health Management Information Consortium

    Biomedhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/

    INTUTEhttp://www.intute.ac.uk/

    http://www.greynet.org/http://www.opengrey.eu/http://www.nyam.org/library/grey.shtmlhttp://www.fade.nhs.uk/http://www.biomedcentral.com/http://www.intute.ac.uk/http://www.intute.ac.uk/http://www.biomedcentral.com/http://www.fade.nhs.uk/http://www.nyam.org/library/grey.shtmlhttp://www.opengrey.eu/http://www.greynet.org/
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    Conference Alerts- A searchable database of upcoming academic conferencesand a free alerting service.

    Allconferences.com - A directory focusing on conferences, conventions, tradeshows, exhibits, workshops, events and business meetings.

    Humanities & Social Sciences Online- Lists humanities and social sciencesconferences.

    Medical conferences-Lists medical conferences.

    Technical conferences- Lists technical conferences.

    Hero Conference Diary- Links to listings of conference and seminar events in arange of subject areas.

    ZETOC- Provides access to the British Library's Electronic Table of Contentsservice, dating back to 1993. The database contains details of about 20 million

    journal and conference records, with 20,000 current journals and 16,000conference proceedings added per year.

    CERN conference listings

    http://www.conferencealerts.com/http://www.conferencealerts.com/http://www.allconferences.com/http://www.h-net.org/announce/http://www.h-net.org/announce/http://www.medicalconferences.com/http://www.medicalconferences.com/http://www.techexpo.com/events/evnts-p1.htmlhttp://www.techexpo.com/events/evnts-p1.htmlhttp://www.hero.ac.uk/sites/hero/uk/inside_he/conferences3888.cfmhttp://www.hero.ac.uk/sites/hero/uk/inside_he/conferences3888.cfmhttp://library.northampton.ac.uk/databases/info.php?rid=14http://library.northampton.ac.uk/databases/info.php?rid=14http://cdswebdev.cern.ch/collection/Conferenceshttp://cdswebdev.cern.ch/collection/Conferenceshttp://cdswebdev.cern.ch/collection/Conferenceshttp://cdswebdev.cern.ch/collection/Conferenceshttp://library.northampton.ac.uk/databases/info.php?rid=14http://library.northampton.ac.uk/databases/info.php?rid=14http://www.hero.ac.uk/sites/hero/uk/inside_he/conferences3888.cfmhttp://www.hero.ac.uk/sites/hero/uk/inside_he/conferences3888.cfmhttp://www.techexpo.com/events/evnts-p1.htmlhttp://www.techexpo.com/events/evnts-p1.htmlhttp://www.medicalconferences.com/http://www.medicalconferences.com/http://www.h-net.org/announce/http://www.h-net.org/announce/http://www.allconferences.com/http://www.conferencealerts.com/http://www.conferencealerts.com/
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    hank you