medium- and short-distance high-speed rail services and discontinuous metropolitan processes in...
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Medium- and short-distance High-speed rail services and
discontinuous metropolitan processes in
small cities in Spain
José M.de Ureña, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
Workshop on Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network
European Commission - 2011 Kiev
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
High-speed rail initial objective
-To compete/complement air transportation between metropolises 400-800 km
-Two to three hours HSR travel time -Total air travel time similar to total HSR travel time -More useful time by HSR -Direct access to metropolitan centre
-Intermediate stations if no big cities along the way -Only for security reasons in small cities
HSR services at Medium & Short Distances
-Connections at 60-200 km-Only along new HSR infrastructure-Use approximately 50%-Stop in all stations, -Fare 30% cheaper than long distance services-Abundant services: 6-12 day & sense-Maximum & average speeds 260 & 190 km/h. -Commuting on medium distance (200 km) or Congestion near metropolis (100 km)
Regional HSR Services
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
HSR at Medium & Short Distances
Two Types:
-Regional
-Metropolitan 180-250 km – medium distance 50-100 km – short distance
Regional HSR Services
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Medium Distances
CiudadReal & Puertollano – MadridLleida – BarcelonaLeCreusot-ParisVendôme - Paris
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Introduction of Medium Distance HSR Services
Seven months after HSR Madrid-Seville was in operation
Unexpected travel demand was observed -Between two small cities (CiudadReal & Puertollano) and Madrid.-HSR trains between these cities and Seville had some seats empty
The railway operator segregated the medium and the long distance traffics through new specific services.
This medium distance HSR services were the first ones introduced in Europe and changed the concept of HSR
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Medium-distance HSR services200 km or 1 hour HSR travel Discontinuous expansion of metropolis
Short-distance 100 km or ½ hour HSR travelDiscontinuous reinforcement of metropolis
Metropolitan processes at one hour HSR travel
Discontinuous metropolitan expansion at 1 hour travel (200 km): HSR essential for metropolis
-Travel time, abundant services, price and comfort crucial for new professionals commuting.
-Unbalanced integration: commuters, activities, land surfaces and environmental restrictions.
-Local services ameliorated with high level professionals commuting from metropolis.
-Increased regional polarization towards HSR city.
-HSR commuting mostly with metropolitan centre.
-Overall effects greater in tertiary cities distant from national transportation corridors
-Negative effects in industrial cities in Spain, positive effects in France.
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Metropolitan processes at an hour HSR travel
-Travel time - 1 hour. More time reduces considerably the number of commuters
-Abundant services – Small cities become cities in MOVEMENT
-Price and comfort crucial for new professionals commuting – More crucial towards Small cities-Maintain less years-Find another job
-Unbalanced integration: commuters, activities, land surfaces and environmental restrictions.-double number of commuters towards metropolis than from metropolis-higher professional level from metropolis than towards metropolis
-Creation vs suction of activities in small cities-previous public administration and university activities-certain size-first stop
-Type of activities-related to transport and to persons-aspects that are cheaper and abundant in small cities in comparison to metropolis
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Short Distances
Short distance High-speed rail
-50 to 100 km distance
Differences with conventional suburban services:
-No intermediate stops
-Only one stop in metropolitan centre
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Short Distance HSR connections
1.Cities on an HSR through-line -connect to metropolitan centre & distant cities-often peripheral stations.
2.Cities at dead-end HSR line -connects only with nearby metropolis-facilitates a central location.
3.Cities on tangential HSR through line-connects only to distant cities, -connection to metropolitan centre through other transport means.
4.Cities on several HSR through-lines -good connections to long distance-leads to peripheral station.
5.Cities on HSR through-line services continue on conventional lines -serving other places through the traditional lines.
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Metropolitan processes at half an hour HSR travel
Metropolitan reinforcement at 1/2 hour travel (100 km): HSR replaceable for metropolis
-Special Metropolitan transport vs. another metropolitan station for long distance travel.
-Challenge, facilitate generation of metropolitan sub-centre of interurban activities, if city has:
-Good image: history, built environment, etc. -High quality public services -Already used for high quality office and housing -Over other major national transportation networks -Central HSR station -Abundant metropolitan & long distance services.
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Metropolitan processes at half an hour HSR travel
Creation of Metropolitan Sub-centre: Hypothesis
Similar long distance Similar places as office decentralizationservices as central stations Comparison (distance and type of station connection):
London, Paris and Madrid
Lyon (Satolas, Macôn)
Lille (Arras, Dunkerque, Calais)
London (Startford, Ebssfleet, Ashford)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10
5
15
Abundant OfficeRelocation
Paris (Massi, Charles-de-Gaulle, Marne-la-Vallée)
Madrid (Guadalajara, Segovia, Toledo)
Barcelona (Prat, Gerona, Tarragona)
Km
Millions
Occasional OfficeRelocation
Not true:
Central HSR stations have triple long distance services
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Metropolitan processes at half an hour HSR travelInappropriate metropolitan strategy in HSR laid up
Guadalajara-Closest to Madrid and most related to Madrid (67 km)-Line to Barcelona-Through line, Station 8 km from city
Segovia-Maximum reduction of distance-Good image city -Corridor of offices and high level housing-Through line, Station 5 km from city
Toledo-Good distance reduction and big relation to Madrid.-Very good image city, good high-level services-Regional capital-Dead end line, edge station
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Medium- and short-distance High-speed rail services
High-speed rail useful not only for intermetropolitan distant travel
also for medium distance and for short distances
CUESTION-if only used for transportation-if also used for regional & metropolitan planning
TERRITORIAL ACTIVITIES RELOCATION
Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR
Publications-Ureña, J.M., Menéndez, J.M., Guirao, B., Escobedo, F., Rodríguez, F.J., Coronado, J.M., Ribalaygua, C., Rivas, A. y Martínez, A. (2005) “Alta Velocidad ferroviaria e integración metropolitana en España: el caso de Ciudad Real y Puertollano”, EURE Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Urbano Regionales, n. 92. pp. 87-104. -Ureña, J.M.de; Garmendia, M.; Coronado, J.M.; Vickerman, R.; Romero, V. (2010) New metropolitan processes encouraged by High-Speed Rail: the cases of London and Madrid, WCTR Congress 2010, Lisbon. http://www.wctr2010.info/ABSTRACTS_BOOK.pdf