Mechanika 09

Mechanical Engineering Students’ Association

Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

MESA

Professor Debabrata ChakrabortyHead of the DepartmentDepartment of Mechanical Engineering

It is indeed a pleasure to note that Mechanical Engineering Students’ Association of Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati has successfully brought out the fourth edition of MECHANIKA. The student members of editorial board as well as other supporting members deserve compliment for their commendable effort in presenting the magazine to the readers with excellent quality and educative contents. I take this opportunity to congratulate all those who contributed in bringing out the current issue as well as the earlier issues of MECHANIKA.

I hope like earlier issues, you all will enjoy reading this issue of MECHANIKA and will provide valuable suggestions for future issues.

MESSAGE FROM HOD

Nished Singhal (Editor in Chief)

Yash Dalmia

Faculty AdviserDr. Niranjan Sahoo

PresidentLokesh Saini

Vice PresidentRohit Koolwal

Executive membersLokesh Saini, Rohit Koolwal,

Pratik Sachan, Nished Singhal, Rohit Singhal, Tushar Lila

MECHANIKA TEAM Nished Singhal , Yash Dalmia, Ashish Kumar, Prateek Kumar, Hitesh Parwani, Aakash Golia, Pankaj Kumar Sahu, Debendra B. S. Dharua, Rishi Garg, Ravish Vasan, Ayush Bajaj

MECHANIKA 2009 Edition

MESA

Ayush Bajaj

Designer

Editors

MECHANIKA

An old story goes somewhat like this:

A gentleman once visited a temple under construction where he saw a sculp-tor making an idol of God. Suddenly he noticed a similar idol lying nearby. Surprised, he asked the sculptor, "Do you need two statues of the same idol?" "No," said the sculptor without looking up, "We need only one, but the first one got damaged at the last stage." The gentleman examined the idol and found no apparent damage. "Where is the damage?" he asked. "There is a scratch on the nose of the idol." said the sculptor, still busy with his work. "Where are you going to install the idol?" The sculptor replied that it would be installed on a pillar twenty feet high. "If the idol is that far, who is going to know that there is a scratch on the nose?" the gentleman asked. The sculptor stopped his work, looked up at the gentleman, smiled and said, "I know it and God knows it!"

A DESIRE TO EXCEL! One cannot but appreciate how the sculptor is fuelled by the desire to excel. This elusive quality should be incorporated, exclusive of the fact whether someone acknowledges it or not.

In the words of Michaelangelo "The greater danger for most of us is not that our aim is too high and we miss it, but that it is too low and we reach it." In his interview, Deepak bhaiya mentions” No matter what you choose but what-ever you choose you must be very confident about it.” I would take it even one step further by saying that even in the smallest of endeavours, give your best shot, leave no stone unturned. A Desire to Excel is what will keep you going in life. Just give a thought as to why people lack this desire. Are they naive? No, it is much easier to take the other route. The sculptor could well have left the scratch on the idol but he chose not to. Try and paint a masterpiece daily, autograph your work with excellence.

Abraham Lincoln once remarked, “I do the very best I know how - the very best I can; and I mean to keep on doing so until the end.”

With these words I present to you the fourth edition of Mechanika

Nished Singhal

P.S: MESA Publication committee is standing by to address your queries and grievances. For any queries mail at : mesa@iitg.ernet.in

Chief Editor

EDITORIAL

Try and paint a masterpiece daily, autograph your work with excellence.

A DESIRE 2 EXCEL!

“ “

ContentsMegastructure Gen Next

Skycity 1000 - where sky is the limit.

Soft Drink CanHow it’s made?

They Shield IndiaThe Backbone of the Indian Defense System.

Kaveri EngineIndian Engines Redefined

Supersonic FlightWhat’s special about it.

Infinite DimensionsNo 'ME' no life, Know 'ME' know life!

Radiative Heat Transfers (BTP)Not as irksome as it looks!

Research Article Numerical Simulation of Microflows

Placement Report 2008-09Hoping for a more thicker silver lining next time.

What not to do..@ an interview..…………….seriously!

Rhymes of a Job-Seeking EngineerWhen the jobs keep falling....

Rapidfire with Alumni Jaspreet Singh || Sohil Garg

Alumni Speaks Ex-President of MESA

Internship ExperienceBeen there, done that.

You have got a mail!Better not be left unread.

News Desk Straight from the horses’ mouth

M.Tech. Projects List

Mechanical YearbookSession 2008 - 09

Class of 2009

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Cover Story

Mechanika | 200904

SkyCity 1000 Ashish Kumar

35000 permanent residents, 100,000 workers and schools, parks, movie theatres, sports complex, subway station, hotel, shops etc., all at one place. Does it sound like a city? But, it is a single structure called the ‘SkyCity’. 1000m high, 140 storeys, weighing 6 million tonnes, it’s by far the largest, highest and the most massive structure build by the human being so far. It has an interior space as large as 23 Disneylands with a total floor area of 3.1 square miles. It is so self-contained that one can spend life from cradle to grave without ever stepping on mother Earth. That is why, the chief architect says, “It’s not a building, but it’s a vertical city.”

For the cities like Tokyo where an average resident spends 3-4 hours daily in commuting from office to home, SkyCity is like a tonic. The space crunch in Tokyo can be imagined by the fact that for making residen-tial buildings 90% of the cost is spent on buying land and rest for the construction purposes. But, such an ambitious project does not come so easily? Even the smallest of the error can make it a colossal death trap in the sky? So, is it only the size that makes it so special? And, what are the obstacles in its construction?

W ith the booming population and limited natural resources like land, engineers today face a daunting challenge to come with the unique and drastic ideas to provide home to everyone, space for factories, transport while conserving quickly shrinking natural environment. One of such great and innovative ideas is that of SkyCity 1000.

www.hanami3.fc2.web.com

Cover Story

Since the proposal of the SkyCity 1000 Project by Takenaka Corporation in 1989, the project has been the buzzword among the scientists, engineers, students, and construction companies. When completed, it will set a trademark for other supertall megastructures soon to be followed when the buildings will become metropolis of the future.

For such a massive structure, the base should be very very hard, so that it does not yield under such great pressure and unfortunately the sandy soil of Tokyo cannot provide that strong support. Generally, for such a struc-ture loose upper soil is drilled out and foundation is laid on solid bed rock, but in Tokyo the bed rock is 1.5 mile down, simply unreachable. To solve this problem the engineers have come with idea of drilling thousands of smaller hollow tubes, called friction pipes to be filled by concrete which grip the earth surface as the tightened fingers and distribute the pressure on these immovable anchors.

To prevent any movement above the surface, the SkyCity will have six mammoth megacolumns each weighing 500 million pounds of steel. As such massive columns have never been made and cannot be made at any existing steel factories and no truck can transport them to the construction sites, steel factories have to be set up at the construction site itself which will be using automated technology working 24x7x365 with the help of robots as the height of the megacolumns will go on increasing as the work progresses.

Tokyo is located in the ‘ring of fire’ a geologically unstable region in the pacific ocean where sudden earthquake is a constant threat. For this, SkyCity has 14 open space plateaus with each platform large than a football stadium making the immense structure appear as hollow. 14 ribcage shaped monster trusses each weighing 150 thousand tonnes and 750 feet will be used to support the roofs of the plateaus.

Looming potential danger due to typhoon or hurricane goes on increasing with the height and for building as high as SkyCity this threat is too much for its destruction, as in Tokyo wind may blow at the speed of 150 kmph. So, to avoid any mishappening, the SkyCity will be shaped as vertical frustum with circular outer boundary so that ferocious high altitude sea winds can just simply slip right past it. Two giant hydraulic pistons will also be used to avoid building swing back and forth to shift the pressure in the opposite direction.

Traffic for such a large population is also a major issue to be dealt with. Proposal is to use multi atomic powered triple decked elevators cruising at 60 mph, computer controlled railway network along with the helicopters landing at numerous helipads in the upper part of structure.

The most common but the most terrifying accident for high rising building is fire. To combat fire, helicopters will be used as there is no other option. To avoid suffocation due to noxious gases in such cases there is large open interior space at each plateau opening to fresh air outside.

Finally, if the SkyCity projects get successful, the image of today’s world class cities will change as they will be replaced by hypercities, not one building but a cluster of SkyCities. The reality is not too far. As of March 09, the height of Burj Dubai, the world’s tallest structure has reached 818 metres!

Mechanika | 2009 05

Source : www.discovery.com

www.wikipedia.org

After this process can is left with some ripples at the top. This is an unavoidable effect of the structure of aluminium. Though with time, height of ripples has been controlled. These above processes left the can with a shiny surface so that no further polishing is required. After trimming the ripples, it is imprinted with label. After can is decorated, it is squeezed in slightly at the top to a make a neck, and the neck is given an out-ward flange at the very top edge, which will be folded over once the lid is added.

Lid is made up of slightly different alloy than rest of wall and base as it has to withstand more pressure. Inward bulge of base can bear more pressure but flat top should be stiffer and thicker to bear same pressure. For that the aluminium in lid has more magnesium and less manganese than the rest of the can which is stronger alloy. The centre of the lid is stretched upward slightly and drawn by a machine to form a rivet. The pull tab is inserted under the rivet and secured by it. Then the lid is scored so that when the tab is pulled by the consumer, the metal will detach easily and leave the proper opening.

Manufacturing of cans

During starting days of soft drinks can, they were made from steel. In latter days its next design came forward, a steel can with an aluminium top, which has two major advantages. Firstly, it prevented the reaction between soft drink and steel. Further, the aluminium cap is easier to open as compared to previous caps.

The modern method for making aluminum beverage cans is called two-piece drawing and wall ironing. The process starts with cutting sheets in circle of approx 14cm diameter that will form the base and sides of the can. Some aluminium is lost between circles but manufactur-ers have found that minimum aluminum is lost when the sheets are wide enough to hold two staggered rows of seven blanks each. The rest of the aluminium is used as scrap. After the circular blank is cut, it is "drawn" or pulled up to form a cup 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) in diameter.

Mechanika | 200906

Rishi Garg

A pproximately every person drinks 2 to 3 coldrinks in a week

or more but have you ever thought how these cold drink cans are made?? What is their manufacturing process ? Here we try to give you a brief detail about that .Almost 95% of all the soft drinks can are made up of aluminium. While almost all food cans are made of steel, aluminum's unique properties make it ideal for holding carbonated beverages. The typical aluminum can weighs less than 15 grams yet its thin walls with-stand more than 90 pounds of pressure per square inch exerted by the carbon dioxide in soft drinks.

Then the work of second machine starts

where the cup is being held by sleeves, punched swiftly till

it draws to 6.6 cm in diameter and height ranges from 3.7 to

5.7cm. After that it is pushed against 3 rings, which thins up its walls. This whole

operation is done in one go which take place in less than 1/5th of sec. Now its height goes up to 13cm. Then with a punch a bulge gets created in its base. As this shape coun-teracts the pressure of the soft drink, the can is going to have the soft drink in it. The walls of base and lower part of the can are of extra thickness for the same.

To check the proper quality of cans they are checked by automatic machines for cracks and pin holes. Only one in 50,000 cans is found to be defective.

After whole of the above process the can is ready to be filled. It is seatad under the beverage filling machine and beverage is poured in it and the lid is attached to the can. The upper flenge which was left at time of neck formation is bent around the lid to shut it. Company work of beverage can manufacturing is over and can is now ready for sale.

MACHINES

Can is manufactured by can manufacturing machines and seamers. Can seamer is a machine used to seal lid to the can body. The seam is made by mechanically overlapping two layers (generally metal-metal, metal –paper, metal-plastic) to form a hook. There are high speeds bottling plants which manufacture around 20,000 cans per minute. There is a device called carbonator placed just before filler which squirts CO into the can just before it is sealed.

FUTURE

Production and consumption of cans is increasing day by day at a very fast rate .Aluminium can production is growing by several billion cans per year. Lot of aluminium is wasted at various stages of can manufacturing but recy-cling it saves lot of money and energy which may have been wasted on production of more aluminium. Maximum amount of manufacturing cost is for the production of aluminium. In this world, where the consumption is growing at such a fast rate, the future lies in the development of low cost design which can save money and material. The increasing trend of long cans with smaller neck and smaller lids is a result of the same. Change in composition of alloy and study of crystalline structure of metal to develop better ways of rolling sheets are also other efforts to reduce the price and material used for manufacturing of cans.

Mechanika | 2009 07

ALMOST 95% OF ALL THE SOFT DRINKS CAN ARE MADE

UP OF ALUMINIUM. WHILE ALMOST ALL FOOD CANS ARE

MADE OF STEEL, ALUMINUM'S UNIQUE PROPERTIES

MAKE IT IDEAL FOR HOLDING CARBONATED BEVERAGES.

THE TYPICAL ALUMINUM CAN WEIGHS LESS THAN 15

GRAMS YET ITS THIN WALLS WITHSTAND MORE THAN 90

POUNDS OF PRESSURE PER SQUARE INCH EXERTED BY

THE CARBON DIOXIDE IN SOFT DRINKS.

www.delivery.superstock.com

Reference:

www.wikipedia.org

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Main Battle Tank (MBT) Arjun is a multi-laboratory programme of DRDO with CVRDE as the lead Laboratory. It is a state-of-the-art tank with superior fire power, high mobility, and excellent protection. In July 2008, the Indian Army said it would cap Arjun's induction at 124 units, thus effectively putting an end to the Arjun MBT and its derivative Tank-EX program.

Arjun can spot its target both in day as well as night and can hit it lethally with superb accuracy. The Gunner's Main Sight consists of a day-sight, thermal sight, a laser range finder and a stabilized head common to all the three channels. The thermal imager provides night vision facility to the gunner. All round protection from anti-tank ammuni-tion is achieved by the newly developed KANCHAN armour through computerized design and careful dimensioning of walls through optimal slopes and angles. The high perfor-mance engine along with high power-to-weight ratio and low specific ground pressure makes it extremely mobile to cross the most difficult terrain with ease. Hydro pneu-matic suspension provides excellent ride comfort for crew eliminating fatigue even on the extended runs.

Prateek Kumar Hitesh Parwani

SOME OF THE FINEST PERSONNEL IN THE INDIAN ARMY, AIR

FORCE AND NAVY PROVIDE HER A BITING EDGE OVER MOST

OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. LET’S TAKE A DIG INTO

THE BACKBONE OF THE INDIAN DEFENSE SYSTEM.

Weight Main armament Secondary armament 58.5 tons

120 mm ARJUN gun, with super velocity ammuni�on

Co-axial 7.62 mm machine gun and12.7mm an�-aircra� machine gun

THEY SHIELD INDIA

ARJUN TANK

www.wikipedia.org

Mechanika | 200908

Aircraft carriers add a new dimension to striking ability of any nation. They can be visualized as floating vessel unifying both navy and air force. India has till date commissioned two aircraft carriers into its naval fleet, namely INS Vikraant and INS Viraat, though the former has already retired and the latter is on the verge of retirement.So India has procured Admiral Gorshkov from Russia to maintain its supremacy in the Indian Ocean region. She will be commissioned into the Indian navy in 2013 as INS Vikramadatiya.

India had to pay US$800 million for its upgradation and an additional US$700 million on the aircraft and weaponry system. The vessel could carry 12 YAK class helicopters and 20 KAMOV class helicopters.

India is the only nation in the Indian ocean region possess-ing aircraft carrier and also comes under nine elite nations possessing aircraft carriers. The declaration by our Defense Minister in 2005 to go far an indigenous aircraft carrier clearly proves that India would emerge as the major superpower of this century.

Mechanika | 2009 09

ADMIRAL GORSHKOV

Displacement Length Beam Draught Propulsion Speed Endurance

45000 tons Full load

273.1m 31m 8.2m 4 shaft geared steam turbines (200000 shp)

32 knots(59km/hr)

25000km at 33 km/hr

The Sukhoi Su-30 is a military aircraft that was produced by the Russian company Sukhoi in 1996. It is a dual-role fighter and costs 38 million dollars. The K variant costs 33 million dollars while the MKI variant, Sukhoi Su-30MKI, built for Indian Air Force costs 45 million dollars. It can carry an array of TV, IR, and radar guided missiles, as well as anti radiation missiles for SEAD missions, and of course unguided bombs and rockets. The maximum speed of any variant of the plane is mach 2.3. The design incorporates a straked delta wing, with strake and body blending, first seen in the American F-16 Falcon.

This allows the airplane to fly at extreme angles of attack without stalling -- illustrated in the so called "cobra maneuver". Another characteristic of this airplane are thrust-vectoring engines. This allows the nozzles of the engines to be rotated allowing for fine control during low speed flight.

Diagonally 2D thrust vectoring control

Differential ±15-degree deflection of the engines' asym-metric nozzles (with turn axes positioned at 32-degree angle to each other) enables pitch/yaw thrust vectoring control. Depending on the maneuver to be performed, nozzles deflections can be synchronized with or differ from the deflections of horizontal tail planes.Two-member crewA two-member crew configuration contributes significantly to enhanced combat capabilities, due to rational distribu-tion of workload between crew members.

SUKHOI 30 AIRCRAFT

References: www.wikipedia.org | www.maritimequest.com

www.sciforums.com www.aridztech.com

KAVERI ENGINE

Kaveri Engine is a technologically complex and vital system for the Light Compact Aircarft (LCA) as well as its future variants. It incorporates state-of-the-art technologies and provides the required thrust for indigenous compe-tence in this critical area.

With three decades of rich experience in the field of aerogas turbine engines. DRDO has designed and developed the contemporary high performance bypass military engine christened as Kaveri. Bangalore-based Gas Turbine Research Establishment, part of the chain of laboratories operating under the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), has achieved a significant breakthrough by developing a modified marine version of the Kaveri engine, which it has been developing for the country's Tejas Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) programme.

Tejas Mehrotra

Mechanika | 200910

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The marine version is a spin-off, which is capable of gener-ating shaft power for Indian naval ships. Using the Kaveri engine core, GTRE scientists have added low pressure compressor and turbine as a gas generator and designed a free power turbine to generate shaft power. The Kaveri Marine Gas Turbine (KMGT), as it has been named, has been transported to the naval dockyard at Vishakhapatnam and installed on the marine gas turbine test-bed. This is an Indian Navy facility, capable of testing gas turbines of up to 25 MW of shaft power through a reduction gearbox and a water brake dynamometer. Four prototypes of Kaveri engine and two prototypes of Kabini engine (Kaveri core) have been assembled and are undergoing extensive ground testing. Kaveri engine is a two-spool bypass turbofan engine having three stages of transonic low pressure compressor driven by a single-stage low pressure turbine. The core engine consists of six-stage transonic compressor driven by single-stage cooled high pressure turbine. The engine is provided with a compact annular combustor with airblast atomizers. The aerothermodynamic and mechanical designs of engine components have been evolved using many in-house and commercially developed software for solid and fluid mechanics.

Kaveri three-stage transonic fan, designed for good stall margin and bird strike capability, handles an air mass flow of 78 kg/s and develops a pressure Combustion Chamber Liner ratio of 3.4. The six-stage variable capacity tran-sonic compressor of Kaveri develops a pressure ratio of 6.4. The variable schedule of inlet guide vanes and two rows of stator is through FADEC control system to open the stator blades in a predetermined manner. High inten-sity low UD ratio annular combustor of Kaveri engine incorporates air blast injection of fuel for uniform outlet temperature profile and reduced carbon emission.

Kaveri high pressure turbine is provided with an efficient cooling design incorporating augmented convection-cum-film cooling for the vanes and combination cooling for the rotor blade to handle up to 1700 K turbine entry tempera-ture. Kabini engine comprising high pressure compressor, combustor and high pressure turbine has undergone high altitude test at facilities abroad successfully demonstrat-ing the flat rating concept of Kaveri engine assembly and in particular the combustor high altitude ignition and stability performances.

Kaveri engine has been specifically designed for Indian environment. The engine is a variable cycle-flat-rated engine in which the thrust drop due to high ambient, forward speed is well compensated by the increased turbine entry temperature at the spool Kabini altitude test speed. This concept has been already demonstrated with high tempera-ture and pressure condition in DRDO's High Mach Facility. Kaveri engine is controlled by Kaveri full authority digital control unit (KADECU), which has been developed and successfully demonstrated at DRDO's test bed.

With this development, India becomes self-reliant in the technology of gas turbines for ship propulsion, and puts the country in the same league of nations as the USA, Russia, UK and Ukraine, who posses the capability to design and manufacture marine gas turbine engines.

Mechanika | 2009 11

Air Mass Flow : 78 kg/s

By Pass Ra�o : 0.16

Overall pressure ra�o : 21.5

Turbine entry temperature : 1487 - 1700 K

Maximum dry SFC : 0.78 kg/hr/kg

A�er burner maximum power thrust : 81 kN (8260 kg)

A�er burner maximum power SFC : 2.03 kg/hr/kg

Thrust to weight ra�o : 7.8

Kaveri Special Characteristics

References:

- DRDO Official Website, www.drdo.org- LCA Tejas Official Website, www.lca-tejas.org

- Bharat Rakshak, www.bharat-rakshak.com- Wikipedia, www.wikipedia.org

Supersonic jets and rocket vehicles require several times greater thrust to push through the extra drag experi-enced within the transonic region (around Mach 0.85-1.2). At these speeds Aerospace engineers can gently guide air around the fuselage of the aircraft without producing new shock waves but any change in cross sectional area further down the vehicle leads to shock waves along body.

HISTORY

In 1962, the British and French governments signed an agreement to develop a supersonic transport aircraft (SST). The plane was built jointly by British Aerospace and Aerospatiale. Two prototypes were built, and the first flight took place in 1969. A total of 20 Concorde’s were made, of which 13 are still in service. The planes are flown by British Airways and Air France. The 30th anniversary of the Concorde took place on March 2, 1999.

The American and Soviet governments also had plans to build an SST. However, the program was killed in 1971 after a federal report stated that it would be too costly to continue. The Russians built an SST similar in design to the Concorde, called the Tupolev Tu -144, nicknamed the "Konkordski", but it was terminated due to safety concerns.

FEATURES

Streamlined design

As any aircraft approaches the speed of sound, the air pressure builds up in front of the aircraft, forming a "wall" of air. To punch through that wall of air, planes must be streamlined. To streamline the Concorde, the following designs have been implanted:

Movable nose The Concorde has a longer, needle-shaped nose compared to most commercial jets. The nose helps penetrate the air, and can be tilted down upon takeoff and landing (13 degrees) so that the pilots can see the runway. Also, the Concorde's nose has a visor to protect the windshield when flying at supersonic speeds.

Needle-like fuselage

The fuselage (body) of the Concorde is long & narrow in shape thus reducing the drag on the plane as it moves through the air.

SUPERSONIC FLIGHT

THE CONCORDE

Aakash Golia, Pankaj Sahu

“THE TERM SUPERSONIC IS USED TO DEFINE A SPEED THAT IS GREATER THAN THE SPEED OF SOUND (MACH > 1). MOST MODERN FIGHTER JETS ARE SUPERSONIC, BUT CONCORDE AND THE TUPOLEV TU-144 WERE THE ONLYSUPERSONIC PASSENGER AIRCRAFTS.”

Supersonic aerodynamics is simpler than subsonic because the air sheets at different points along the plane often can't affect each other.

www.museumofflight.org

Mechanika | 200912

Swept-back delta wing

The wing of the Concorde is thin, swept back and triangular in shape and there is no space between the fuselage and the wing of the Concorde, this wing design is called delta-wing design. Its functions are as follows: 1) Reduces drag by being thin and swept back (55 degrees with the fuselage). 2) Provides sufficient lift for takeoff and landing at subsonic speeds. 3) Provides stability in flight so that no horizontal stabilizers are needed on the tail.Delta wing provides stability to the aircraft as result of which, the Concorde does not require a horizontal stabilizer on the tail, like most other aircrafts.

The engines on the Concorde provide the thrust necessary for takeoff, cruising and landing. The Concorde has four Rolls Royce/Snecma Olympus 593 turbo jet engines. Each engine generates 18.7 tons of thrust. Together, the four engines burn 6,771 gallons (25,629 liters) of fuel per hour. The Concorde's engines are attached directly to the underside of the wing without engine struts. This design reduces air turbulence and makes for a more stable engine. At supersonic speeds, engine struts would be overstressed and likely to break. The Concorde's engines use afterburners to gain additional thrust to reach supersonic speeds.

The Concorde has 17 fuel tanks that can hold a total of 31,569 gallons (119,500 liters). The Concorde also has three auxiliary or trim fuel tanks (two in front and one in the tail). Here is what the trim tanks are used for: 1) As the Concorde reaches supersonic speeds, its aerodynamic center of lift shifts backward. 2) This shift drives the nose of the aircraft downward. 3) To maintain balance, fuel is pumped backward into the trim tanks. 4) The redistribution of fuel balances the aircraft by making its center of gravity match the center of lift. 5) When the plane slows down, the center of lift shifts forward. 6) Fuel is then pumped forward into the trim tanks to compensate. So, unlike other jets, the Concorde uses fuel not only for the engines, but also for aerodynamic stability.

Since the Concorde moves faster than sound, the air pressure and friction really heat up the plane. The temperature of the aircraft's skin varies from 261 degrees Fahrenheit at the nose to 196 F at the tail. The walls of the cabin are warm to the touch. To help reflect and radiate this heat, the Concorde has a high-reflectivity white paint that is about twice as reflective as the white paint on other jets. The heat encountered by the Concorde causes the airframe to expand 7 inches (17.8 cm) in flight. To minimize the stress on the aircraft, the Concorde is made of a special aluminum alloy (AU2GN) that is lightweight and more heat-tolerant than titanium.

Thus, these special features make it possible for the Concorde to attain a speed greater than the speed of sound. There have been many attempts to design a successor for the Concorde but the future looks kind of dull for this machine except for the fact that NASA has been trying to use the supersonic technology for space missions and use it in its future missions.

Mechanika | 2009 13

References: www.wikipedia.org | www.howstuffworks.com

Engine Design

Fuel Tanks

High-reflectivity Paint

What comes to your mind when you listen to the word “Mechanical Engineering”? I am sure few images of machines that you have seen in your day to day life come first. But it is not only about machines that the most widespread, multi facets, multi-disciplinary and the oldest engineering bring to you. If one looks carefully he can always find fringes of this engineering discipline in almost every object and happenings around him.

Bioengineering

What is the most closest and precious to you? -your body! We are there to help you. Here we come to make you live longer by replicating your body parts and helping in replac-ing them by your damaged body organs. Devices such as pace-makers, artificial joints and replacement heart valves are all designed along strong engineering principles. A bio-engineer must consider the mechanics, wear and compatibility of materials with the human body. Remember once it's in there you don't want it to break down!

Computational Fluid Dynamics

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the process of modeling fluid flows by the numerical solution of the governing partial differential equations or other math-ematical equations of motion. CFD is used to build a computational model that represents a system or device to be studied. Then the fluid flow physics and chemistry is applied to this virtual prototype, and the software gives output, a prediction of the fluid dynamics and related physical phenomena. Therefore, it is a sophisticated computationally-based design and analysis technique. CFD software has the power to simulate flows of gases and liquids, heat and mass transfer, moving bodies, multiphase physics, chemical reaction, fluid-structure interaction and acoustics through computer modeling. Its industrial applications are rapidly expanding worldwide. It has got its application in the wide spectrum of engineer-ing which includes wind tunnel flow, engine cooling, combustion chambers, air and liquid cooled devices, drug delivery system, blood flow, room ventilation, heat exchangers, and structural wind loads. Where ever comes the fluid and the heat flow there it comes to CFD !

Infinite dimensions of Yes, it ain’t just about the machines... E ngineeringM

echanical

Shown on the left is a heart valve opening under a pulse of blood. To build an artificial valve like this you need to understand the fluid flow through the valve, the mechanical design and material selection since you don't want a body to reject the valve. Finally you need to be able to test and manufacture the valve. Can you do it without a “Mechanical Engineer”!!

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Ashish Khetan

Mechanika | 200914

Energy & Environment

Energy conversion engineering is one of the foundational activities that define mechani-cal engineering. Mechanical engineering has been involved in energy conversion tech-nologies since its inception, with programs in steam engines, internal combustion engine, gas turbines, and low-temperature refrigeration. Current research in this field is moving into new areas with the goals of lessening reliance on fossil fuels by intro-ducing more sustainable forms of energy, and preserving the environment by reducing emissions from fossil fuel energy conversion.

Apart from the energy conversion and saving it also include the study of fire safety, miniature engines and fuel cells, pollutant formation during combustion, transport processes during soil and groundwater cleanup, cooling of electronic components at the chip level, micro scale phase change for efficient power and thermal management to minimize energy use and environmental impact, turbulent energy transfer in react-ing systems, thermoelectric cooling and power generation, energy requirements for large data centers with clusters of web servers, stand alone power generation for buildings, industries.

Mechanika | 2009 15

Manufacturing

Manufacturing is the oldest discipline of mechanical engineering. Manufacturing processes like machining, casting, welding, rolling, forging, extrusion etc. are practiced from very long

time. With the upcoming research integrated manufacturing combines classical topics in design, controls and materials processing with newer techniques in Internet- based

CAD/CAM, rapid-prototyping, intelligent agents, computer graphics, micro-fabrication, artificial intelligence, and sensors.

Materials

Materials science and engineering is an exciting and rapidly advancing discipline impacting a broad range of technologies. Research in this field includes the topics like electronic, magnetic and optical materials, structural materials, chemical and electrochemical materials, and the most advanced computational materials.

Mechatronics and Robotics

Mechatronics, a flexible, multi-technological approach in the integration of mechanical engineering, computer engineering, electronics, and information sciences, is essential to the design of intelligent products. This integrative technology allows engineers to transform conceptions into reality. The major research areas associated with this field are robot design and control, manufacturing process control, human-machine systems, motion control, micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) machine design, computer software for real time control and diagnostics, mechanical systems model-ing, identification, and control computer mechanics.

Nanotechnology

Here comes another dimension of Mechanical engineering- working on nano scales. A Nano-meter is tiny - much smaller than a millimeter - you could get 80 thousand

nanometers across a human hair!Nanotechnology brings together people like engineers, material scientists, chemists and

biologists and allows them to precisely control the molecules of a material. This means they can make materials which are not just lighter, tougher and more flexible but also interactive, responsive and smart too. They can also manufacture complex nano components from these

materials and combine them to create tiny machines.There are lots of uses for nanotechnology, already micro-machines are used in car airbags to sense when you are involved in a crash and they can be used to control the delivery of drugs

to our skin. However although we can imagine what a nano-robot may look like we have to little fear about them taking over our bodies as we just can't make the engine in that tiny

space powerful enough!

Nuclear Engineering

Nuclear engineering is concerned with the science of nuclear processes and their application to the development of various technologies. Nuclear processes are funda-mental in the medical diagnosis and treatment fields, and in basic and applied research concerning accelerator, laser and superconducting magnetic systems. Utilization of nuclear fission energy for the production of electricity is the current major commercial application, and radioactive thermal generators power a number of spacecraft. Nuclear engineers are therefore concerned with maintaining expertise in the design and development of advanced fission reactors, performing basic and applied research in the development and ultimate commercialization of fusion energy, developing both institu-tional and technical options for radioactive waste and nuclear materials management, and in fostering research in nuclear science and applications, with emphasis on bioengi-neering, detection and instrumentation and environmental science.

Mechanika | 200916

Ocean Engineering

It involves the development, design, and analysis of man-made systems that can operate in the offshore or coastal environment. Such systems are used for transportation, recreation, fisheries, extraction of petroleum or other minerals, and recovery of thermal or wave energy, among others. Some systems are bottom-mounted, particularly those in shallower depths; others are mobile, as in the case of ships, submersibles, or floating drill rigs. Most are designed to withstand a hostile environment and to operate efficiently while environmentally friendly. Any failure would simply mean a disaster, can you design it without a MechE !!!

Mechanika | 2009 17

Operation Research

People who have an inclination towards the artificial intelligence, algorithms, logistics and manufacturing planning opt to work in this very emerging field of mechanical engineering. Some of the research areas in operation research are analysis of algorithms, automation and robotics, combinatorics and integer programming, convex optimization, financial engineering, inventory theory, risk analysis, robust optimization, queuing theory, supply chain management, scheduling, and simulation.

O

For an optimist the glass is half full, for a pessimist it's half empty, and for an engineer is twice bigger than necessary.

References and Pictures: h�p://meche.mit.edu/ h�p://www.coe.berkeley.edu/

R

“ “

Abstract

This project presents the estimation of net radiative heat transfer in fuel channels of PHWRs, which is taken away by the pressurized heavy water being used as coolant. Radiative heat transfer is significant when surface temperature is high, which occurs at the time of Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA). At the condition of LOCA, the coolant vaporizes as a result of which heat transfer mainly occurs by radiative exchange only.

Introduction

Fraction of radiative heat transfer with respect to total heat transfer is significant during the period when surface temperature is high (more than 800 C). The clad tempera-tures are much more than 800 C in case of LOCA with/without credit of Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS). Therefore, proper quantification of radiative heat transfer is of great interest.The objective of this project was to develop a model to estimate radiative heat transfer in fuel segments and pressure tube as a function of temperature in 220 MWe and 540 MWe PHWRs fuel channels in different environ-ments inside the cannel.It is required to calculate net heat transfer for each segment of 19 rod bundle and 37 rod bundle taking into account the effects of participating medium i.e. (coolant heavy water), and axial variation of temperature profile.

Theoretical basis

The radiative transfer in participating medium is governed by the transfer equation. The radiative transfer equation (RTE) is an optical energy balance on a differential volume element along a single line of sight. This optical energy balance is influenced by three processes: absorption, emission, and scattering.

The radiative transfer equation for a participating gray medium i.e. absorbing, emitting, scattering medium is given as:

It is an optical energy balance on a single – scattering volume element along a single line of sight in the Ω direc-tion. This is an integro-differential equation which can be solved using modified discrete ordinate method for multiple lines of sight or by a statistical method i.e. Monte Carlo method which gives exact solution to radiative heat flux from the radiating surface.

Modeling details The 19 rod bundle i.e. 220 MWe reactor has the following geometry having 3 different types of enclosures.

DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL TO CALCULATE RADIATIVEHEAT TRANSFER IN FUEL CHANNELS OF PHWRs

Lokesh Saini, Kumar Sampurnanand B.Tech. Final year (2005-2009)

Mechanical Engineering, IIT Guwaha�

Now for each enclosure Monte Carlo method is applied to calculate the net heat flux and hence the total heat flux radiated in 19 rod bundle is estimated. Similarly, we can obtain heat flux for 37 rod bundles. The Monte Carlo formulation requires functional relationships of various involved parameters with the random numbers for tracking the photon bundles. The basic steps involved in

d I (Ω)

ds = (Ks + Ka) I (Ω) + KaIb +

Ks

4∏ I (Ω’)p(Ω’ → Ω) dΩ’

4∏

0 ƒ

o

o

Mechanika | 200918

formulating Monte Carlo representation of radiative transfer in an enclosure are:

(1) Assigning discrete values of energy to photon bundles - The energy per emitted photon bundle is maintained constant for all of the bundles regardless of which volume or surface they are emitted from. The number of bundles that should be emitted from any surface or volume varies as the emissive power of that surface or volume element.

(2) Algorithm to track the bundles –

(I) Choose a location inside or on the boundaries of the medium for emission or incidence of a photon bundle.

(II) Choose a wavelength for the bundle if the properties of the medium or the boundaries are non-gray.

(III) Choose the direction of propagation of the bundle.

(IV) Choose the path length to the next interaction between the bundle and the medium or the boundaries.

(V) Calculate the new position of bundle (check if it left the medium).

(VI) Decide if the bundle is absorbed or scattered at new location.

(VII) If the bundle is scattered go to step III. If the bundle is absorbed keep the score and go to step I.

(VIII) Repeat steps I to VII for many bundles.

Mechanika | 2009 19

References

•Thermal Radiative Transfer and Properties, M.QUINN BREWSTER, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. “A Wiley-Interscience Publication”. JHON WILLEY & SONS, INC.•Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer, Fourth Edition, Robert Siegel, Heat Transfer Consultant, Formerly: Senior Research Scientist NASA Lewis Research Center. John R. Howell, Baker-Hughes Professor of Mechanical Engineer-ing, University of Texas at Austin, TAYLOR & FRANCIS.

A human body has the potential to produce 11000 Watt-hours of energy per day, more than thrice the amount one consumes. Walking generates about 163 watts of power whereas for sprinting it is about 1600 watts. This very principle is being used in the green design of night clubs transforming them into ‘Eco-friendly night clubs’. Sustainable Dance Club in Rotterdam, Holland and Surya night club in Kings Cross, London are two such functioning night clubs.

‘Dance energy’ - sounds quite weird but it is being used to power these Eco-friendly night clubs. The power is generated through piezoelectricity from the pounding of clubber’s feet. Electrical energy produced from mechanical pressure is termed as piezoelectric-ity. On application of mechanical pressure opposite charges are induced on the expanded and compressed portions. Electric current flows through the material on removing the applied pressure.

There are sensors present on the dance floors having piezoelectric technology. Each (dancing) step is harnessed into electricity by the tiny under floor crystals of piezoelectric materials. This energy is stored and used as a power source for the needs of the nightclub like lighting and sound.

Not only this, the night clubs provide organic beer and wine, low-voltage lighting and recycled water system to flush its lavatories. The concept of ‘eco-clubbing’ is gaining popularity.

If you do make up your mind to visit one such night club make sure you travel there by foot, bicycle or public transport. That is, if you want to save about £10 and get a free entry. :)

References:www.blisstree.com

howstuffworks.com

ECO-FRIENDLYNISHED SINGHAL

Introduction

Micro-devices have attracted increasing attention due to their applications in various fields, such as DNA analysis, cell separation, cell manipulation, biological and chemical analysis. Both experimental and computational efforts have been undertaken to understand the specific features of the microscale flows. In order to design such devices effec-tively, it is necessary to understand and employ the physical laws governing the flow in small conduits. Micro-channel is a basic constituent of the MEMS devices, its geometric form is regular and simple but it can reveal many specific features of the low speed micro-internal flows. Because of obvious difficulties associated with testing and validating these micro-devices experimentally, numerical analysis is an alternative for investigating the flow inside micro-channels and other more complex geometries.

Traditional numerical simulations relying on continuum approach and the Navier-Stokes equations break down at higher values of the Knudsen number Kn which equals the ratio of the mean free path of the gas molecules λ to the characteristic length of the flow system. In the micro-scale geometries Kn is generally high and the Navier-Stokes equation loses validity. It is generally accepted that the N-S equations with no-slip boundary conditions are only appropriate when Kn<.001. For Kn>10 the system can be

considered as a free molecular flow. The gas flow for 0.001<Kn<0.1 is termed slip regime and 0.1<Kn<10 is termed transition regime. In the above four regimes, particle based methods such as Molecular Dynamics (MD) and the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) made some progress in simulation of micro-geometries. However, the computational cost of these methods is usually very large.

Lattice Boltzmann Method

In the last one and a half decade or so, Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has emerged as a new and effective numeri-cal approach of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and it has achieved considerable success in simulating fluid flows and heat transfer. The reliability and efficiency of the LBM in simulating incompressible flows were confirmed soon after its emergence in 1988. The group in the IIT Guwahati (Ref: 6-9) also put a lot of effort and made substantial contribu-tions in the development of LBM and exploration of its applications in various areas of heat transfer and fluid flows. This paper summarizes our progress in the development and application of LBM in the area of microflows. The choice of using LBM for microflow simulation is a good one owing to the fact that it is based on the Boltzmann equation which is valid for the whole range of the Knudsen number. However, LBM is now being applied to micro-flows in the slip and low-transition regime.

Numerical Simulation of Microflowsby the Lattice Boltzmann Method

D. Arumuga PerumalResearch Scholar

MESA Representa�ve (Ph.D). IIT Guwaha�

Development of Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in the recent years has motivated and necessi-tated the study of flows in micro-scale geometries such as micro-channel and micro lid-driven cavity. In this work Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is applied to simulate the pressure driven microchannel flows and micro lid-driven cavity flows. The choice of using LBM for microflow simulation is a good one owing to the fact that it is based on the Boltzmann equation which is valid for the whole range of the Knudsen number. The computations are carried out mainly for the slip regime and the threshold of the transition regime. This work summarizes our progress in the development and application of LBM in MEMS.

Mechanika | 200920

The LGA and LBM can be viewed as discrete versions of kinetic theory. The LBM originated from the LGCA, which was first introduced in 1973 by Hardy, Pomeau and de Pazzis (HPP). In 1986, Frisch, Hasslacher and Pomeau (FHP) introduced lattice gas cellular automata that obey conservation laws. They showed that LGCA with collisions (that conserve mass and momentum in the macroscopic limit) leads to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. However, Lattice Gas Automata (LGA) suffers some drawbacks such as large statistical noise, non-Galilean invariance, an unphysical velocity-dependent pressure and large numerical viscosities. To overcome the above short-comings, the lattice Boltzmann method is developed by the following ways. 1. In 1987, Lattice Boltzmann Equations have been used already at the cradle of LGA by Frisch et al. (Frisch, d’Humieres, Hasslacher, Lallemand, and Rivet) to calculate the viscosity of LGA.

2. In 1988, McNamara and Zenatti replaced the Boolean operations by neglecting particle correlations and introduc-ing averaged distribution functions.

3. In 1989, Higuera and Jimenez presented a LBE with a linearized collision operator, which improved the numerical efficiency of the previous LBE.

4. The relaxation term is known as the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision operator (Bhatnagar, Gross, Krook 1954) was independently introduced by Koelman and Qian et al. (Qian, d’Humieres, Lallamand). Here, the local equilibrium distribution is chosen to recover the Navier-Stokes macroscopic equations.

Formally, LBM is a simplified particle method (representing the dynamics of fluid particles on a lattice). The evolution of the lattice involves both a streaming and collision process at each discrete time step. In streaming process, the particles are propagated to the neighbouring lattice sites, dependent on their discrete velocities. The collision process changes the particle velocity while locally conserv-ing both mass and momentum.

The simplest and a widely used lattice-Boltzmann model is the lattice-BGK model in which the collision operator is based on the single-relaxation time approximation to the local equilibrium distribution function as follows

Here is the equilibrium distribution function at x,t and τ is the dimensionless single relaxation time which fixes the rate of approach to equilibrium. To simulate microscopic gaseous flows, the present LBM relates the relaxation time τ to the Knudsen number from the kinetic theory. The relaxation time τ with Knudsen number Kn is

where Ny is the number of lattice nodes in y-direction. The D2Q9 square lattice used here has nine discrete velocities. A square lattice with unit spacing is used on each node with eight neighbours connected by eight links. The particle velocities are defined as:

In the nine-velocity square lattice, a suitable equilibrium distribution function has been proposed with,

where the weights for the D2Q9 lattice are w0=4/9, w1=w2=w3=w4=1/9, w5=w6=w7=w8=1/36 The macroscopic quantities such as density ρ and momen-tum density ρu are defined as velocity moments of the distribution function ƒi as follows:

Mechanika | 2009 21

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )t t1, , , ,eq

i i i if t f t f t f tτ

Δ Δ ⎡ ⎤+ + − = − −⎣ ⎦x x x xic 1

( ),eqif tx

= ( 1)Kn N yτ − 2

c = 0, = 0c = (cos( / 4( 1)),sin( / 4( 1))), = 1, 2, 3, 4

c = 2(cos( / 4( 1)),sin( / 4( 1))), = 5, 6, 7, 8.

i

i

i

ii i i

i i i

π π

π π

− −

− −

3

N

ii=0

ρ = f ,∑

N

i ii=0

ρu = f c .∑

(0) 2

(0) 2 2

(0) 2 2

4 3 = 1 , = 09 21 = 1 3( ) + 4.5 ( ) - 1.5 , = 1, 2, 3, 491 = 1 3( ) + 4.5 ( ) - 1.5 , = 5, 6, 7, 8

36

i

i

i

f i

f i

f i

ρ

ρ

ρ

⎡ ⎤−⎢ ⎥⎣ ⎦

⎡ ⎤+⎣ ⎦

⎡ ⎤+⎣ ⎦

i i

i i

c .u c .u

c .u c .u

u

u

u

4

5

6

Results and Discussion

Numerical simulation of LBM for different Kn numbers and different pressure ratios for a flow configurations, namely, flow in a microchannel flow, flow in a micro lid-driven cavity are presented.

A. Microchannel flow

Lattice Boltzmann Method with D2Q9 model is used to simulate the two-dimensional microchannel flow. The flow is driven by pressure gradient in the main stream direction of flow. The geometry of the microchannel with a flow profile is shown in Fig. 1. Initially the x-direction velocity is assumed to be uniform through out the channel and y-velocity is taken as zero. Density is fixed at a value of 1.0 at inlet and outlets. Fig. 2 shows the D2Q9 lattice model and the implementation of the boundary condition at the top wall using TMAC as follows

where σ is the TMAC. In case, σ=0 the condition will be pure specular that represents pure slip. For σ=1 it is pure bounce-back that represents no-slip. First, the developed LBM code is used to compute the microchannel flow at a low Knudsen number. The flow with pressure ratio PR = 2.02 and the Knudsen number of 0.053 is studied. Fig. 3 shows the normalized pressure deviation from the linear pressure distribution along the microchannel. Established experimental results of Pong et al. [3], analytical results of Arkilic et al. [4] and LBM results of Niu et al. [5] exist for the same problem and these works are used for establish-ing the credibility of the present LBM code.

Fig. 1: Geometry of microchannel with a flow profile.

Fig. 2: (a) D2Q9 lattice(b) Gas-surface interaction at the top wall

Fig. 3: Normalized pressure deviation from the linear pressure distribution

(Kn = 0.053, PR = 2.02)

Fig. 4: Nonlinear pressure distribution.

f7 = σ x f5 + (1-σ) x f6

f4 = f2

f8 = σ x f6 + (1-σ) x f5

(7)

Mechanika | 200922

Fig. 4 shows the nonlinear pressure variation P* = (P-Pin) / Pout for different Knudsen numbers for a pressure ratio of 2.0 and σ=0.7. The nonlinearity of the pressure distribution as observed here can be ascribed to the fact that compressibility and rarefaction effects, which are not equal, makes the pressure variation take different path compared with that for the continuum flow. The results of present study reveal many interesting features of microchannel flows. It may be concluded that the present study produce results that are in conformity with earlier numerical and experimental observations.

B. Micro lid-driven cavity flow

In this problem, the upper wall moves with a constant velocity from the left to right and other three walls are stationary. The LBM code is used to compute the micro lid-driven flow in a square cavity on a 3002 lattice size. Due to the small dimensions in microchannels, the Re is usually much less than 100, often less than 1.0. In this Reynolds number regime, flow is completely laminar, and no turbulence occurs. Fig. 5 shows the streamlines at Kn = 0.1. As the Knudsen number increases beyond the continuum regime, primary vortex centre moves down-wards.

Conclusion

I used the lattice Boltzmann method for analysis of high and moderate Knudsen number phenomena and demon-strated that the present LBM can be used for flow simulation beyond the continuum regime. Numerical simulations of two-dimensional microchannel flow and micro lid-driven cavity flow have been carried out to validate the present method. The present study reveals many interesting features of microchannel and micro lid-driven cavity flows. The existing LBE model is adequate for microflows in the slip and low-transitional regime. The presented results shown that the LBM is a efficient and alternative useful tool to investigate the large range of Knudsen numbers for micro-geometries.

(For any queries, please contact the author at d.perumal@iitg.ernet.in).

References

[1] D. A. Wolf-Galdrow, Lattice-Gas Cellular Automata and Lattice Boltzmann Models: An Introduction, Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg, 2000.[2] S. Succi, The Lattice Boltzmann Method for Fluid Dynamics and Beyond, Oxford University Press, 2001. [3] Kin-Choek Pong, Chih-Ming Ho, Jianqiang Liu, and Yu-chong Tai, “Non-Linear Pressure Distribution in uniform Microchannels,” FED-Vol. 197, ASME winter annual meet-ing, pp. 51-56, 1994. [4] Errol B. Arkilic, Martin A. Schmidt, and Kenneth S. Breuer, “Gaseous Slip Flow in Long Microchannels,” Journal of Microelctro mechanical systems, vol. 6, pp. 167-178, June 1997.[5] X. D. Niu, C. Shu, and Y. T. Chew, “Numerical Simulation of Isothermal Micro Flows by Lattice Boltzmann Method and theoretical analysis of the Diffuse scattering boundary condition,” International Journal of Modern Physics C, vol. 16, pp. 1927–1941, 2005.[6] D.A. Perumal and A.K. Dass, Lattice Boltzmann simula-tion of two and three dimensional flow in a lid-driven cavity, IISc Centenary, IC-ICAME, Bangalore, 21-24, 2008.[7] D.A. Perumal and A.K. Dass, Simulation of flow in two-sided lid-driven square cavities by the lattice Boltzmann method, Advances in Fluid Mechanics VII, 45-54, WIT Press, United Kingdom, May 2008.[8] D.A. Perumal, V. Krishna, G. Sarvesh and A.K. Dass, Numerical Simulation of Gaseous Microflows by Lattice Boltzmann Method (submitted). [9] D.A. Perumal and A.K. Dass, Simulation of Incompress-ible Thermal Flow by LBM (to be communicated).

Mechanika | 2009 23

Fig. 5: Streamline contour at Kn = 0.1, σ=0.7

Placement Report –Session

Total No of Registered students: 47Total No of students placed: 45No of Job offer through PPO: 7 Reliance, 1 Shell

No of job offer through campus placement: 47Actual No of Jobs: 50Average salary: 5.8 LPA ** (Before pay revision)

Highest Salary: 22 LPA

Below is the list of companies which visited the institute during placement session 2008-2009 and offered job to B.Tech Mechanical Engineering students. These companies have operations ranging from core mechanical to IPR (with the maximum placements in core companies).Even in this recession, the Mechanical engineering branch is least hammered.

Company Sector No of Job offered

BHEL Core 7

Dr. Reddy’s Labs Pharmaceu�cals 2

DRDO Core 3

EIL Core consultancy 1

Godrej FMCG 1

HAL Core 5

Headstrong Consultancy so�ware 1

Irunway IPR 1

L&T Core 2

Mu Sigma Analyst 5

NTPC Power Genera�on 7

PwC Consultancy 1

Reliance Refinery- Core 7 (PPO)-2 Accepted

SAIL Core 2

Schlumberger OFS 1

Shell Petroleum 1(PPO)

TCE Core Design 5

Think3 Design 2

*Till 21st March 2009.

** Average may vary slightly

Nishant PrakharPlacement Secretary

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Mechanika | 200924

he winter of ‘08 was more fun than anyone had ever anticipated. With the worst of the financial situations prevailing, jobs were bound to be fewer in number and pays lower than the expected but, not even in the wildest of my dreams did I imagine that it would be as eventful as it finally turned out to be. Looking for a job only to hope that it would bolster my confidence for other endeavors I sat through the placements for over three weeks. Nine compa-nies, eleven interviews, four GDs, getting through a host of qualifying tests and one job, phew! I bet it couldn’t have been more eventful! For once I might be the last person anyone shall seek advice from owing to the history of most interviews in the department. But, I’d be the one whom you should resort to regarding what not to do in an interview or what not to say there.

First things first, my CV was good enough to get short-listed by all the companies that came for placements. My grades were pleasing for most of the interviewers and I was articulate enough for people to understand my words. Yet, it was not a cake walk to please the interviewers. People prepare with their hearts out for each interview. With lots of inputs from seniors, friends and qualified HR people who tell you what to do at an interview one generally feels confident but, it doesn’t always work the way we want it to be. A brief account of the questions that were fired, the answers that felt good and those that felt awful should be of good use for anyone sitting through the placements next year. You might know all the questions before hand but, the answers which each company expects are different. For that matter some people want you to say you would never dream of leaving their company; while some expect you to be blatantly straight forward and choose the best option. To quote an experience, in the interview of Headstrong the question was “What would your choice be between Headstrong and DEShaw?” (they knew I was previously interviewed by DEShaw) to which my answer was DEShaw. Yet, I got a job!

Mechanika | 2009 25

What to do at an interview!

? not

?It generally does not work that way because in PSUs the interviewers look for candidates who can be retained for a longer period of time and the same answers won’t work. In fact they didn’t work in my case :) So, one must adapt to the situation and answer accordingly or else the results might not be too pleasing. In most situations we tend to rule out our chances even before we appear for the aptitude test based upon the peers who are appearing for the same company. That is one of the ‘Big mistakes’ we commit in here. By ruling ourselves out if we appear to an exam unprepared and yet make it through you will be caught off hand for an interview you never expected but, now want to excel badly. It happened and is bound to happen when we start calculating our chances and preparing based upon our expectations. Do not do that! For instance, I was least interested in mere software jobs and decided not to prepare for them. I attended the PPT of DEShaw to accompany a friend of mine and to my astonishment I realized that they’ve got profiles in Logistics which I badly loved and had worked for the previous two years. I gave the test with little preparation and was cribbing about how I messed up the chance, when the results were out. I was elated I was shortlisted among the 6 or 7 guys of which 5 of them were from CS but, sadly again I had not prepared as I wasn’t expecting to get shortlisted. I went for the interview with the knowledge I had gained from my two courses in CS back in first year and did quite well to only earn an appreciation from the inter-viewer and not a job. Please, please please do not mess it up this way. Rate your chances high and be an optimist which I rarely am.

V. Rohit

Another myth that messed up my interviews to most extent was actually fuelled by the gyan given at the place-ment talks of previous years where they had repeatedly mentioned that “If the interviewer asks you which subject is your forte, tell him a subject you have learnt recently. That way you would be answering questions from subjects you learnt recently”. It is just a myth and can put you in troubled waters if followed too obediently. I had always been a fan of Operations Research (OR) and now that it was taught in the seventh semester made me more confident of telling the interviewers it was my stronghold. All but two interviewers wanted to know which field was my next preference, because they did not have questions from OR. Believe me even if you are awfully well versed with Manufac-turing Processes and their details, the interviewer from NTPC is going to repeatedly ask you about turbines etc. So, you have to be sure of what the interviewer is going to ask and be well versed with that rather than what you are fond of. Being well versed with your field of interest helps only in the private sector companies where interviewers are flexible to an extent. But, even that is questionable.

We generally care little for the values of Eutectic tempera-ture, the expression for deflection of a cantilever beam when there is uniform loading on it, etc. They asked me the same questions and expected answers right away. So, now you know why I wasn’t too prepared. Another important aspect I thought I should not have neglected was that of the bending moment diagrams which we usually derive more and memorize less. In the first few of my interviews I was not much interested in those companies but, wanted a job nevertheless owing to the recession thing going on in the market. I was pretty much sure of the basics but, wasn’t well versed with memorizing things. So, when an inter-viewer asked me to draw a bending moment diagram I started deriving it. Although I finished it correctly, I got a scornful look in reward from the interviewer for wasting 30 odd precious seconds of his and not remembering the diagram right away. Believe me they expect you to know those diagrams and the expressions for the deflections by heart. The worst part will appear when we defend ourselves saying that at IITG we don’t memorize things we’ve got our basics right and derive them. This won’t work because the guy next in line shall memorize it and my friend you will be caught in troubled waters. So, get ready to keep them all up your sleeve!

A word of caution for the ‘know-alls’ in here; you will

be getting innumerable advices regarding how one

can control the interview by reading the interviewers

mind and all. It works. But, once we start controlling it

too much owing to the fact that you know a lot more

than what the job demands it will actually start

hurting. Once the interviewer knows you are acting

smart he’d make it a point to push you to the brink of

frustration by mentioning all the good reasons in the

world for you to pursue higher studies or an MBA.

Believe me these HR guys are too intelligent and so

shrewd that even the most cautious guys can fall in

the trap. Make it a point to answer in negative for

questions regarding higher studies. Convince them

regarding your decision. Sadly though in my case

people were seldom convinced and result: the long

wait for a job.

The smile which one carries on their lips for too long can also be a cause of worries. Some interviewers intend to check your answers when you are stressed. Not the ‘Roadies’ style stress interviews but, ones where the old man with spectacles tries to bully you with his questions rather than looks. In such cases keep your head cool and answer the questions precisely in the mood that the interviewer wants you to be. To cite an incident, L&T had come to recruit Management Trainees and they conducted a host of tests and interviews. The final one being the HR interview which eight out of the ten guys thought that they did well. The two others had sort of stress interviews and came out of the room fully frustrated and cribbing about how they’d have to wait for another company to recruit them. But, only those two were placed that day!

Mechanika | 200926

In that HR interview the interviewer tried a zillion ways to piss me off but, I was trying to be composed and kept answering all his questions with a pleasant smile only to realize that my approach was flawed. Don’t try too hard to read the mind of a HR guy they are just made in such a way that they can’t be figured out :D. So, bear with them and do well in the interview. HR interviews are the easiest of all to answer questions but, most difficult when it comes to judging how things went. So the bottom line is be what you are and react normally do not try to be too smart. It doesn’t always work that way!

One of the major things we must keep in mind is that companies look for what they want. If you give them what they want and you will get a job whereas if you give them what you’ve got then, all the best for the next interview. Also, keep improving your vocabulary to an extent you can impress the interviewers with your English if not your credentials ;). The hard and fast rule in any interview is to keep talking when you have been given time, talk until they ask you to stop. Because, when you keep talking and keep the interviewer engrossed you give him little time to think. Don’t lose heart if a company doesn’t choose you, coz you were not rejected but someone else was chosen. Some-times the companies look for taking up people who’d work for them under any circumstances while sometimes they look for really sharp people. Be confident, that definitely helps. Be sure of whatever you write in your CV, writing that you are an avid reader of Ayn Rand and fumbling in the interview when asked about Objectivism does not help. A special word of caution for all those who love to sit for Consultancies like PwC. These guys know a lot about the Supply Chain stuff and even after you tell them what you’ve got; it sometimes does not work in your favor.

Mechanika | 2009

|||nterview ||| g

ndustry

|My interview lasted for three quarters of an hour while most others had less than 20 minute interviews but still I was jobless after that day. So, if you are going to talk about something unrelated to Mechanical Engg, then be sure you learn every bit about the subject. Also, in such cases interviewers expect you to answer what they ask and do not give a bit of respite owing to the fact that you are not from that background. X a student from biotech was literally torn apart with questions from all corners about Mathematics in Financial Engineering when he said that Finance was his first love during the interview of Mu Sigma. Make it a point to learn the minimum stuff which anyone in the class knows because you don’t want to look like a mere dumbo in front of those outsiders. My friends Steel has Carbon, everyone knows it; what they expect you to know is what kind of steel has what amount of carbon. Sounds too trivial and awful but, yes life ain’t too fair. Go ahead stuff your brains with as much information as you can. Clear the interviews as early as you can. The more the number of interviews the more your body starts aching thanks to the walk to the Placement Cell and back to the hostels. If you are a cricket secy then, please remember which side of the ball gets it to swing in; if you are a library secy do remember what kind of books your library has. If you never held any responsible position then, cook up a story from high school because one such story got me my job finally!

Don’t try too hard to read the mind of a HR guy they are just made in such a way that they can’t be figured out

27

recruitment spree.Students are confused, susceptible and prone to pervasive rumours, which in turn is increasing tension not only for them but also for their peers, parents and teachers. Most of the students have their hearts in their mouth and believe me, the same holds true even for the parents.

DEALING WITH THE BLUES

A business cycle resembles that of a human life-cycle, where one phase follows another, burst would definitely lead to boom and vice versa, however what creates panic amongst the rank is the duration of the present turmoil. There are mixed signals coming from various quarters, on one hand there is a whisper in the air that economy has reached its nadir and it can only move upwards now, whereas the popular opinion is whatever we have seen till now is only the tip of the iceberg.

Given the scenario, the students have every reason to be confused, and this is where the cool and level headed approach of faculties and parents come in. Managing the downturn is not that difficult as it looks to be. The potential challenge which arises periodically is mainly due to the fact that “during recession, the symptoms are treated rather than the disease”.

Rhymes of a job seeking engineer

Recession recession everywhere, not a penny to think!

The perception of students pursuing courses in engineering, management or medicine concerning their future plans has undergone a marked change in last couple of months. Reasons are not hard to find, on one hand most of the high paying employers scouting for talent in day zero have disappeared altogether and few more have put a pause in their

I would be forthright in admitting that be it a top-notch college or any run of the mill ones, very few students are groomed keeping in mind the burst phase. The academic administrators always portray a rosy picture of their college to the students and their parents. The competition owing to the mushrooming of zillions of institutions has simply added more fuel to the fire. Ethics have taken a backseat. In such a situation it is only stating the obvious that the complication during these times is increased manifold by the institutions.

Yash Dalmia

-

Managing a slowdown, recession or depression, is a continuous process which calls for a work in progress approach. Right from day one students should be treated as if the world is cruel where their expecta-tions should be realistic rather than fantastic. The emphasis on individual performance and not the boom phases in the business environment should be the fulcrum of motivation. This would result in individual brilliance, which collectively would increase the abilities of the students at large.

Mechanika | 200928

Mechanika | 2009 29

STRONG RESULT ORIENTED INDUSTRY-

INSTITUTE RELATIONSHIP SO THAT THE

FACULTIES CAN KEEP A TAB ON THE

CHANGES IN THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

PERIODICALLY AND ACCORDINGLY ALTER

THEIR TRAINING AND GROOMING PLANS.

CONCLUSION

The common denominator to all the actions mentioned earlier is to build confidence amongst the students so that they are equable during the boom and the burst phases. Once this culture is ingrained in the institute the students tend to firmly stand on the ground even during the period of boom and they are not shattered and broken during the period of recession or slowdown. Tracking major industry and economic indicators periodically and discussing the same with the students from various disciplines goes a long way in making them understand the changing patterns in the economic landscape.

Recession recession everywhere, But still we can fight against it!

EXPLAINING THE CONCEPT OF

INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SO THAT

THE STUDENTS REALIZE NO ROLE IS

BIGGER AND NO ROLE IS TRIVIAL.

STUDENTS SHOULD HAVE AN OPEN MINDSET

TO SWITCH SECTORS EVEN IF IT MEANS

MOVING OUT FROM THEIR ZONE OF COMFORT.

THERE SHOULD BE PROVISION FOR

STUDENTS TO INTERACT WITH

MENTORS FROM DIFFERENT

INDUSTRIES CONTINUALLY SO THAT

STUDENTS CAN UNDERSTAND THE

BIG PICTURE FROM THE BEGINNING.

TURNING THE TIDEPLAN OF ACTION

R

1. Brief Introduction Name - Jaspreet Singh, Class of 2007Degrees - B.Tech–MechanicalCompany - Shell Technology, India.Sector - Energy Industry

2. Available work profiles in your sectorThere are many – Reservoir engineers, Production technologists, Pipeline engineers, Static and rotating enggs etc.

3. Use of theory learnt in UG/PGFair amount, at least the fundamentals – in fluid & solid mechanics, a bit of thermodynamics.

4. What degree will take you where?A basic engineering degree is all that is required.

5. How is the pay scale in the sector?Good, better than average.

6. Daily working time.Depends on the role. If it’s a desk job – 8 hrs a day. If a field job, you have a month on the field and then 2-4 weeks off. It can’t be generalized though.

7. Scope of this sector.There are many opportunities in this sector for every interest.

8. How is the job satisfaction? What is the attrition rate in the sector?High job satisfaction and low attrition rate.

9. How is the work culture? How much responsibility is given?Very good. Responsibility is as much as you can handle and if you wish to handle.

Rapidfire with Alumni

he data presented here is only to provide some information on a few of the numerous sectors available to mechanical engineers. The data should not be generalized or misinterpreted. We contacted a few alumni’s for this and here is what they had to say.T

Mechanika | 200930

1

1. Brief IntroductionName - Sohil Garg,batch of '07,Degrees -B.Tech–MechanicalCompany-SchlumbergerSector-Oil & Gas

2. Available work profiles in your sectorEngineering research and developmentManufacturingSupply ChainThe coveted - field engineer

3. Use of theory learnt in UG/PGThough not much used in the field where there is a specialized training to suit you to the job, a mental engineering attitude does help. For the other branches, it always helps to be able to justify your opinion/thoughts qualitatively and quantitatively. Generally it is the first thing looked into, to understand the strength of your background. Nevertheless, an inquisitive mind plays the rest of the game!

4. How is the pay scale in the sector?You bet the best in the industry (when comparing similar profiles across the sector). 5. Daily working time.Generally most companies have flexible working hours, though they expect you to be in office between 10 am to 4 pm. The rest of the hours (generally 40 per week) can be scheduled as per convenience.

6. Scope of this sector.In the current economic situation, no one is ready to comment on it. But it’s good enough to last your generation!

7. How is the job satisfaction? What is the attrition rate in the sector?I'm satisfied enough to drop a call from IIMB. But let’s not put such a special consideration for a generic answer. I'll say this is the second company I am in and is the first one where I've seen people working for the past 20-30 years. Definitely something is keeping them stick to it.

8. How is the work culture? How much responsibility is given?Well that depends on what your manager thinks of you and also the job you are in. Sometimes business may give you overwhelming responsibilities that you might not be qualified enough for, right now. At other occasions, you may be sitting idle for long durations. Specifically to this company, it makes you learn by throwing you in a situation and letting you deal with it. Is that scary enough ;-)?

Mechanika | 2009 31

2

Tell us about your current personal and professional life.

These days I am working as a Software Engineer in Bentley Systems, Pune. I joined Bentley in July 2007 just after my B.Tech from IITG in May 2007. Bentley Systems Inc. is an US based MNC which provides softwares for the lifecycle of world's infrastructure. I recently got married to Anju Verma. She is an MBA from IIMM, Pune. I am enjoying both personal and professional life.

How has your life shaped up after graduation from IITG?

I had several job opportunities after my graduation from IITG. I had offers from three big companies: 1. IBM 2. M&M and 3. Bentley Systems. I decided to join a software company and I found Bentley to be the best suited to me at that particular moment of time. I am still working with Bentley Systems. Do you think it is essential to have a PG degree in the long run?

Not necessarily. Degree helps only in the initial stage. In the long run what exactly matters is the knowledge, experience, hard work, attitude and several others factors. Having a PG degree is better but it’s not a must.

Tell us about any unforgettable incident of your life.

I can’t forget the day when the result of JEE-2003 (Mains) was announced.

What other activities are you involved in?

Currently, I am too much busy with my professional and personal life. I hardly get any time for other activities.

Do you feel that there is something that you were not provided @ IITG?

I really appreciate the facilities provided by IIT Guwahati to the students. I wish a fully fledged SAC was available to us right from the first year. I also missed an open-air theatre in the campus.

What do you miss most about your life @ IITG?

I used to move around IITG campus on my bicycle whenever I had some free time. I really miss those moments. At the same time I miss three days of Alcheringa, annual cultural festival of IITG.

What is the next big step you are planning to take in your life?

Nothing to be reported at this particular moment of time. Being an ex-President of MESA, what would be your advice to all its members?

I am very happy to see the current status of MESA and can confidently say that MESA is soon going to fulfil all its goals. I appreciate the introduction of “Sync”, the e-Magazine of MESA. MESA needs faithful and dedicated efforts from its members. MESA is an association of Mechanical Engineers, for Mechanical Engineers and by Mechanical Engineers. I hope the members of MESA under-stand this slogan very well.

Your message to the juniors.

Decide your career path as early as possible. No matter what you choose but whatever you choose you must be very confident about it. Be it MBA, Job, entrepreneurship, civil services, research or whatever… It really doesn’t matter. Success is everywhere and top position is always vacant. It’s just a matter of personal interest. Try to enjoy each and every moment of your IITG life. Participate in every activity going around in the campus. Don’t waste time in gossiping and try to become productive and efficient.

DEEPAK KUMAREX- PRESIDENT OF MESA

TELLS US ABOUT HIS JOURNEY AFTER GRADUAT-

ING FROM IITG.

Alumni Speaks

Mechanika | 200932

library databases and an office shared with two PhD scholars. They never stopped me from watching YouTube and surfing nasty websites, and always assisted whenever I fell back. Anyways my project was to simulate generation and extinction of plasma arc inside a high voltage gas circuit breaker. My initial day elapsed in literature reviewing and carrying out derivation of equations. Later on I wrote an extensive C code and completed my project on time. Results were of great extent and my professor was very happy with my work.

After straight two month of rigorous life I was out of work and finally decided to enjoy heaven on earth. There is a very famous lake in Zurich and it is at walking distance of about ten minute from ETH. In my leisure time I used to sit on the bank of the lake having blue- green water and feel cold slamming breeze for hours. Zurich is a city where you can get anything in no time at very reasonable rates. But their food is out of taste for Indians; it is tasteless and just boiled stuffs.

I visited a number of places in Switzerland like Geneva, Lausanne, Tiltis, Rhine Fall and many more. These places full of live scenery, natural beauty of landscape, mountain covered with snow and wavy railroads on hill, were some-thing truly unforgettable. There were many more places in Europe like Paris, Rome, Amsterdam; I really wished to visit but could not do that because of visa constraint. Now that constraint has been unleashed, the future internees will be able to visit every place in Europe with single visa. Nice trip accompanied with successful work is what you expect from an internship and the hosting universities wish for the same. My trip to Switzerland changed my personal and professional attitude towards work and exposed me to diverse cultures. Those moments are something that I will always reminisce.

Mechanika | 2009 33

the paradise on Earth. The moment of immense ecstasy,I think, is hard to define in words here but let me try to pen down a few lines from my memory.

My first experience to embark upon a plane was a mixed feeling of joy and fear. The magnificent view of Alps covered with snow was worth to see when I looked through the rift in the clouds beneath the plane.

Whole Zurich is located on Alps and ETH is centrally situated. It is surrounded with magnificent old buildings, parks and slant hills which are so called German heritage. My apartment was located at a walking distance of 5 min from the university. Apartment was fully furnished but there was something very unusual in my apartment. Kitchen, washer and dryer were missing from the apart-ment and it was really horrible for me. But it gave me plenty of time to enjoy. The work culture in university was friendly as well as professional and people use to work according to specified schedules. Every working day they came to office at about 8:00 AM and left at about 5:00 PM. No “Masti” in this period and no work after this. I loved this schedule and had a great time with my profes-sor and research scholars. This was because of their elite culture and professional attitude. They don’t care if you don’t come to office but they do care when you are lagging behind the schedule. Fortunately I was ahead of schedule so they never felt the need to tell me anything about my work.

I was already made clear by my professor about my project work in early days of my internship and likewise I was provided access to a highly efficient computer, all

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was exhilarated when I got admitted in IITG but my ebullience dwindled with time. But then came a day when I got a chance, a golden opportunity to explore the colorful life from every side which one can imagine of. It was my internship at ETH Zurich, Switzerland,

YOU HAVE GOT

I am not sure how you ended up with my email address, but I am not a professor at a university. I do work in the prosthetic and orthotic medical field, but at a private practice seeing patients.........

I'm a retired professor of pathol-ogy. Neither I've been involved in any research work on CFD nor I do have a web page. You might have send mail to wrong person.

Unfortunately, due to the global economical crisis which is gripping USA and Europe, there is no position available for summer internships(=no money) at my institution at the moment.

Unfortunately, I will be out of my country these summers. But I am impressed by your research on "main-tenance optimization of turbine blade". If you have some time to write I am enthusiastic to know what you have done.

.....Unfortunately, however, I will need to be hospitalized soon, and therefore I cannot take any summer students at all this year........

Please do not send a standard e-mail to all the e-mail addresses you findonline. I am not any professor here, and I do not have any webpage either. If you are really interested in a research area, spend more time into whois doing what and then think about why you would want to work with him/her and if it is appropriate for you to send an e-mail. By doing what you have done, you are only convincing people here that every e-mail they receive is of this nature, where the student has no clue about who he/she is mailing and no clue about what the professor is working on.

Listed below are few interes�ng replies which few of the students got this year in their quest for a summer internship abroad.

Mechanika | 200934

Mechanika | 2009 35

Story: A Wise Camel

A mother and a baby camel were lazing around and suddenly the baby camel asked!Baby: Mother, mother may I ask you some ques�ons?Mother: Sure! Why son is there something bothering you?Baby: Why do camels have humps?Mother: Well, son, we are desert animals, we need the humps to store water and we are known to survive without water.Baby: Okay, then why are our legs long and our feet rounded?Mother: Son, obviously they are meant for walking in the desert, you know with these legs I can move around the desert be�er than anyone does! Said the mother proudly.Baby: Okay, then why are our eyelashes long? Some�mes it bothers my sight.Mother: My son, those long thick eyelashes are your protec�ve cover. They help to protect your eyes from the desert sand and wind. Said mother camel with eyes rimming with pride...Baby: I see. So the hump is to store water when we are in the desert, the legs are for walking through the desert and these eyelashes protect my eyes from the desert.

Then what the hell are we doing here in the zzzoooooooo? ??

MORAL OF THE STORY:Skills, knowledge, abili�es and experiences are useful only if you´re at the right place.

You come here with a set of notions Formed by hype not truth

There’s the heart full of emotionsAnd brazen pride of youth

Things change in the four yearsHopefully for the good

Much more to life here than appearsAnd is seldom understood

The supposed purpose of college lifeIs seldom wholly fulfilled

Learning however is always rifeAnd the purpose refilled

These four years teach you thingsLike no others before

The sorrows and joys that life here bringsMakes for an existence galore

Looking back, things don’t seem as badAs they appeared at first sight

At the end, everyone finally seems glad For the things that turned out bright

Siddharth Kalla

LIFE @ IIT

Story: Marvellous Answer

Real story happened with famous Heart Surgeon Lt. Dr. Nitu Mandke. He had done many heart opera�ons including Balasaheb Thakre. A mechanic was removing the cylinder heads from the motor of a car when he spo�ed the famous heart surgeon in his shop, who was standing off to the side, wai�ng for the service manager to come to take a look at his car.

The mechanic shouted across the garage, "Hello Doctor! Please come over here for a minute." The famous surgeon, a bit surprised, walked over to the mechanic.The mechanic straightened up, wiped his hands on a rag and asked argumenta�vely, "So doctor, look at this. I also open hearts, take valves out, grind 'em, put in new parts, and when I finish this will work as a new one. So how come you get the big money, when you and me is doing basically the same work?"The doctor leaned over and whispered to the mechanic............

"Try to do it when the engine is running.”

scientific spirit by spreading technical knowledge and strengthening the integrity among mechanical engineers through its progressive number of activities. This year with a team of fully committed members, we have intro-duced several new activities and have successfully carried out traditional activities of MESA.

The activities of this year had started with the orientation for the new batches of B.Tech and M.Tech about the objectives and functioning of MESA. This was followed by organizing a lecture on Matlab by Professor S. K. Dwivedy and a workshop on ProE by Professor G. Sravana Kumar. Among the talks organized by MESA, a placement talk by our alumina – Mr. Siva Nikhil was organized for the place-ments of the batch 2009 and later in another talk on placements by the current 4th year students, few tips and experiences faced by them were shared with the juniors. Few other talks like higher studies (MS/Phd/MBA) talk and internship talk were also organized during this period. Such talks form the basic platform for sharing experiences and giving information to students of Mechani-cal Engineering for availing the various research opportuni-ties for internships and higher studies available in India and abroad.

We also had a guest lecture series by Prof Amitabha Ghosh of IIT Kanpur on two very interesting topics: 1. Astronomical Da�ng of Ancient Events: "Case Study Ancient India".2. Machines of the Future and the Emerging New Subject- Synthe�c Biology.For providing a platform for student interaction in the department, social gathering like fresher’s welcome to 2008 batch and farewell to passing out 2009 batch were also organized. For promoting interaction between academia and industry MESA has organized an industrial trip to Umiam Umtru Meghalaya Power plant for B. Tech 3rd year students.

This year we have introduced interdepartmental sports activities to increase the friendly interaction and spirit among students. A friendly football match between Mechanical Engineering and Civil Engineering Department students and a cricket match with Electronics & Communi-cation Department were organized.

Some of the activities introduced, were real achievements of this year, these are firstly, the release of inaugural issue of our E magazine “SYNC”. We have received very sound feedbacks on the content and design of the very first issue of SYNC. We will continuously keep on upgrading our maga-zines. Even for this issue of MECHANIKA’09 our publication committee has given their tireless efforts over design and improvement in the type of content of magazine. Secondly, we have improved the MESA website and have started forum for increasing general interaction and discussion among faculty, alumina and students of Mechanical Engi-neering of IITG. This forum will act as interface among the people of Mechanical Engineering to share their views and discuss them among alumnae, faculties and their peer group. Thirdly, we have brought out our first departmental sweatshirt. Lastly, we have made a sponsorship committee for getting funds from the alumina and Industries. This fund will be used for upgrading our magazine printing and in other up coming activities of MESA.

I congratulate all the members of MESA for the efforts they have made for the various activities organized during this session 2008-2009. I would like to express my special thanks to the faculty advisor Dr. Niranjan Sahoo for showing so much cooperation and helping us with his valuable guidance. I would also like to express my due regards to Professor U.S. Dixit and all the faculty members for their kind support, and involvement in the activities of MESA. Finally, I wish MESA, IITG all the best for its futureendeavors.

Cheers to MESA Team!!!

Lokesh Saini (President - MESA)News desk

Dear readers I take pride in bringing to your notice that Mechanical Engineering Students’ Association, IITG is successively heading towards realizing its aim of encouraging

Mechanika | 200936

Mechanika | 2009 37

1 Ravi Kumar Peetala Transient surface hea�ng measurement from �me-temperature history

2 Pradip Vilasrao Jogdand Finite element determina�on of stress intensity factors using mul�-parameter

field equa�ons

3 G Venkatesh Determina�on of strain gage loca�ons for various cracked configura�ons.

4 Chandana Tanguturi A parametric study on delamina�on of composite materials using cohesive zone models

5 Hari Prasad Chintha Design and analysis of split angular contact ball bearings.

6 Vikram Pavuluri Crack iden�fica�on in rotors using gene�c algorithms

7 Ramesh Babu Vemuluri Stability analysis of rotor mounted on mul�-lobe bearings

8 Abhishek Trimbak Dhumal Developement of an expert system for predic�ng the tensile and deep drawing behavior of

Tailor welded blanks(twb)using ar�ficial neural network technique

9 Shailesh S. Dhutekar Study of cha�er in cold strip rolling mills

10 Siva Krishna Kolluri Developing the expert system for predic�ng the forming limit of tailor welded blanks

11 Sonu Paroche Mixed mode fa�gue simula�on using incremental crack-extension and load cycles approaches.

12 Bhukya Srinivas Nayak Experimental evalua�on and predic�on of forming limit curve of unwelded and welded blanks

13 Bharat H.Kawale Numerical methods for determining convec�ve hea�ng rates on the aerodynamic surfaces

14 Sandip Dinakar Chavan Cfd simula�on of honeycombs and screens for turbulence management in wind tunnels

15 Vipul More Computa�onal inves�ga�on of axial flow fan with forward and backward sckewed blade using fluent 6.3

16 Rahul R Praghanmor Steady state heat transfer characteris�cs of cold circula�ng fluidized bed

17 Ajay Kumar Kochiri Op�miza�on of robo�c path using gene�c algorithms

18 Damodara Rao Magan� Computa�on of flows on unstructured grids

19 Lachireddi Kiran Kumar Heat and mass transfer studies in metal hydride based thermal storage systems

20 Ramendra Kumar Mech Computa�onal inves�ga�on of a 50kw biomass circula�ng fluidized bed gasifier

21 T.Rajasekhar Ac�ve vibra�on control of fgm smart structures

22 Anand Kumar Verma Design of single hole extrusion die

23 Parimi Anil Kumar Experimental inves�ga�on of mul�ple compression method of severe plas�c deforma�on for

the bulk produc�on of nano-structured materials.

24 Sriharsha Mundluri Shell finite element for analysis of smart frp composite structures.

25 S Rajesh Reddy Experimental inves�ga�on of porous medium combus�on

26 Shailesh S. Dhutekar Study of cha�er in cold strip rolling mills

27 N.Anil Numerical simula�on of shock interac�ons

28 Sachin Sudhakar Thakre Cfd analysis to study thermal-hydraulic behavior of supercri�cal water flowing through fuel rod bundle.

29 Padmalochan Prusty Combus�on simula�on of a producer gas run dual fuel diesel engine

30 Im�yaz Khan Computa�onal inves�ga�on of pin fin heat exchanger.

M-tech Projects

2008-2009

Email id : ankit.iitg05@gmail.comPhone no. : 0522-2394400Future plan : Job in HAL

BTP : Estimation of aerodynamic parameters for re-entryconfigurations.

“Everything you do counts some day or the other, so 'do'.”

Bahubali

Ankit Upadhyay

Email id : aryaniit@gmail.comPhone no. : 05115230282Future plan : Will do MBA from a reputed institute

BTP : To make nano-diesel with improved ignition and exhaust gas properties.

“Guys have a lots of fun here but be serious about ur career”

Radhey

Amit Bhardwaj

Email: anurag.iitg.mech@gmail.comPhone no. : 916252230683Future plan : Joining BHEL, Bhopal

BTP : End tip positioning of IPMC actuator.

“When the going gets tough, the tough gets going.”

Anna

Anurag Shrivastava

Email: ashish.khetan09@gmail.comPhone no. : 0641-2428061Future plan: Now joining at iRunway, will pursue MBA down the line.

BTP : Application of welding arc to obtain small angular bend in steel plates.

“Don't be confined to anything. Make the best of everything during your stay here.”

Mantri

Ashish Khetan

Email: atanu.bhuyan@gmail.comPhone no. : 0373-2316053Future plan : Job for now

BTP :Numerical Computation of One-Dimensional Unsteady Two-Phase flow

“Always keep your eyes open and seek for the bigger picture. Successes and Failures come and go with the wind. It only matters what you learn at the end of the day.”

Audi

Atanu Bhuyan

Email: atulsoti@gmail.comPhone no. : 9897235356Future plan : Job in DRDO

BTP : Comparison of AUSM family schemes and application to on Magnetohydrodynamics problem.

“With great power comes great responsibilities”

Soti

Atul Soti

�����

Mechanika | 200938

Mechanika | 2009

Email: chinmaya_mittal@yahoo.co.inPhone no. : 9954249193Future plan : Business Analyst in MuSigma

BTP : Circulating Fluidized Bed setup under Dr. Manmohan Pandey.

“You can't tell time, time tells you”

Chin2

Chinmaya Mittal

Email id : singh.iitg@gmail.comPhone no. : 01633265435Future plan : Joining EIL Delhi

BTP : Heat fabrication of a fluidized bed setup and study of hydrody-namic characteristics.

“Do not try to walk on someone else's footsteps”

Ballu

Balwinder Singh

Email: grv.iitg@gmail.comPhone no. : 01334-235097Future plan : Job in BHEL, Banglore

BTP : An efficient coolant for Automobiles.

“Life is an ice cream. Eat it before it melts.”

ChandTension

Gaurav Chand

Email: harshmehta18@gmail.comPhone no. : 0261-2862190, +919426810230Future plan: Job in HAL, Bangalore

BTP : Studies on mechanical properties of nanocomposites (HDPE-CNT) by small punch technique.

Attend all classes :P

Sotu

Harsh Mehta

Email: hemanth.boyapati@gmail.comPhone no. : +91866-2491227Future plan : Most likely a job at PwC,can't rule out MS at UT Austin/Gatech though.

BTP : Modeling FMS scheduling problems using techniques in Manufacturing.

“Float like a Cadillac, sting like a Beamer”

Boya“SB”

Heman

Hemanth Boyapati

Email: ruggrt4u@gmail.comPhone no. : +91-9436850241Future plan : Joining Godrej and after 20 yrs down the line wanna get into celluloid business.

BTP : Studies on mechanical properties of Nanocomposites by Small punch Technique using UTM interfaced with a computer.

"If you are good at something, get the best out of it " & " Be Yourself" .

ShettyGodfather

Hmantha Wangshul

SO2

39

2009

Email: kedarbodas@gmail.comPhone no. : +919870748051Future plan : Now @ Think3

BTP :Performance Charectaristics of IIT G Wind Tunnel.

“Kay Sera Sera”

KD

Kedar Bodas

Email: kalla.siddharth@gmail.comPhone no. : 040-27113516Future plan : No idea

BTP : Estimation of aerodynamic parameters for re-entry configura-tions, under Prof. Vinayak Kulkarni and Prof. Anoop K Dass.

“Enjoy your stay at IITG and do what interests you; the final 'result' out of college is way too unpredictable!”

Kalla

Siddharth Kalla

Email: sampurna432@yahoo.co.in Phone no. : 06226-253702Future plan : Job in NTPC

BTP : Calculation of radiative heat transfer in fuel channels of PHWRs (with Lokesh Saini and under Dr. P.Mahanta).

“Enjoy everything.”

SamSampu

KUMAR SAMPURNANAND

Email: lokeshsaini.iitg@gmail.comPhone no. :0141-2466464Future plan: Right now job in NTPC after that MBA

BTP : Development of model to calculate radiative heat transfer in fuel channels of PHWRs under Prof. P.Mahanta.

“Don't just dream…..live your dreams”

SainiLoki

Lokesh Saini

Email: manikgoomer@gmail.comPhone no. : 0172 - 2732539Future plan : Job in BHEL

BTP : Design and development of humanoid robot.

“Live life king size”

MannuHunter

Manik goomer

Email: mt.iitg@gmail.comPhone no. : 09413354919Future plan : MBA

BTP : Crack detection in composite structures using piezoelectric sensors and actuators under Proff. Debabrata Chakraborty.

"Live life to its fullest." .

Tyagi

MOHIT TYAGI

Mechanika | 200940

2009

Mechanika | 2009

Email: narendra_iitg_07@yahoo.comPhone no. : 0522-2710543Future plan : Job in DRDO

BTP :Nanofluid for heat transfer application.

“Life is a song; play it, sing it in rock version!!”

neelu

Narendra Singh

Email: raj007.pavan@gmail.comPhone no. : 08540225488Future plan : Right now..job@bhel

BTP : "Delamination detection in laminated smart FRP compositestructures using piezoelectric sensors and wavelet transforms"

NeriHoly

N. Rajesh Kumar

Email: nprakhar@gmail.com Phone no. : 9931920123Future plan : Job in Reliance Industries Ltd.

BTP : Waste heat recovery from IC engine.

“Jai ho”

NishuBoss

Nishant Prakhar

Email: pnkj7sngh@gmail.comPhone no. : 022-32593468Future plan: Right now,Job!

BTP : Design of Humanoid Robot.

“More than what you don't want, concentrate on what you DO want!”

Ponkspunksmax

ponkoj

Pankaj Singh

Email: prathyushaiitg@gmail.comPhone no. : 040-27131720Future plan : Job at HAL, B'lore

BTP : Application of welding arc to obtain small angular bend in steel plates.

“Put acads first n then make the rest.”

PrathyuPT

Email: purushotam85@gmail.comPhone no. : +919471211087Future plan : MS/PhD

BTP : Performance of AUSM Family schemes on Magnetohydrodynamics problem.

“Nurturing our goals is everyone's favorite but helping others in crossing their lines is more than anything." .

Puru

Prathyusha.M Purushotam Kumar

2009

41

“Live life to the fullest.”

Email: ratneshiitg@gmail.comPhone no. : 08912887233Future plan : Rightnow working on my theory ,then SAIL, if requiredwill write few competitions ahead.

BTP : Dynamic characteristic & response of IPMC actuator.

“Enjoy yourself & minimise the unnecessary words spoken which I suffer from ! .Compete with the person whom you love to be :)”

rat rattu

RATNESH KUMAR

Email: rahuljain14@gmail.comPhone no. : 9864289422Future plan : To do MBA

BTP : Numerical Study of two phase flow instability in PHP. (Dr. M.pandey)

“Try to make best out of your 4 years in IIT.”

Rahul

Rahul Jain

Email: knight.kishore@gmail.com Phone no. : --Future plan : job at bhel

BTP : Design and development of plant oil cooking stove.

“Don't follow the crowd,follow your dreams.”

Email: sandip.reloaded@gmail.comPhone no. : 03666245836Future plan: Job for some time

BTP : Numerical Computation of One-Dimensional Unsteady Two Phase Flow.

“Just enjoy your stay at G”

takla

Sandip Kumar Sarma

Email: sanjeev05feb@gmail.comPhone no. : 9430874605Future plan : Job in TCE

BTP : Design and development of plant oil cooking stove.

“All the best”

Setheishh

Email: siddhantbmishra@gmail.comPhone no. : +919471211087Future plan : Will take up a job.

BTP : Condition Monitoring of Machines by SVMs.

“Veer Bhogya Vasundhara"

Sanjeev Kumar Siddhant Mishra

ravi kishore

Ravi

Siddhant

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2009

Mechanika | 2009

Email: upsahu@gmail.comPhone no. : 05182-266202Future plan : Will join NTPC

BTP : Sloshing in Liquid Container.

"Only he who keeps his eye on for horizon will find right road."

KaapiUPS

Uday Prakash Sahu

Email: sknirala.iitg@gmail.comPhone no. : 919234524178Future plan : Job at DRDO, then MS or PhD.

BTP : Flow in Mini channel: STUDY & DESIGN

"Whatever you do...do it with confidence while being an open minded"

nirala

Subodh Kumar Nirala

Email: vaibhavkumar.iitg@gmail.comPhone no. : 01127650574Future plan : Job @ L&T

BTP : Sloshing of liquid incontainers.

“SCREW OR GET SCREWED”

Email: grvchhn@gmail.comPhone no. : 0522-2350549Future plan: Job at think3 Bnglr

BTP : Ionic Polymer MetalComposite

Bandar

Gaurav Chauhan

Email: rohit.v16@gmail.comPhone no. : 040-24068157Future plan : MS/PhD

BTP : Capacitated Lot sizing and scheduling problem in production planning and control.

“It's a wonderful place to be a part of. Follow your heart and make these four years count!”

VdotRocky

Email: ayush8989@gmail.comPhone no. : 0141-2651001Future plan : MBA for now

BTP : Waste heat recovery from IC engine.

Rohit V Ayush Arora

Chang

vaibhav kumar

pakodapaksvenom

43

2009

“Enjoy life. This is not a dressrehearsal”

“Excellence always sells.”

Email: ranjan100@gmail.comPhone no. : 09431075141Future plan : NTPC for now and down the years I’ll be somewhere in Managerial/ Administrative post in some Govt. agency.

BTP : Application of welding arc to obtain small angular bend in steel plates.

“Don’t let your dream die.”

Ranjan

Nishant Ranjan

Email: navtanwar@gmail.comPhone no. : 919234524178Future plan : job

BTP : Health monitoring of machines using support vector machines and nueral networks.

"be happy"

Taau

Naveen Tanwar

Email: desai.pranay@gmail.com Phone no. : 0265-2397052Future plan : : job at BHEL

BTP : Development of self lubricat-ing cutting-tool material.

“ahemm mama”

Email: dashtorahul@gmail.comPhone no. : 9954604400Future plan: Settling in Goa

BTP : Analysis of Jet engines.

“Never rest till your good is better and your better is best.”

Shady

Rahul Anurag

Email: saurabh1510@hotmail.comPhone no. : 0941411505Future plan : Job in HAL

BTP : To make Nanofuel : towards emission control in IC engine.

“Live IIT life to fullest”

Mathura

Email: vedang.singh@gmail.comPhone no. : 0141-2651001Future plan : Job for 2 years followed by Management if the job doesn’t suit me.

BTP : Dr. Senthilvelan, "Design of self lubricating cutting tool.

“lol”

saurabh mathur Vedang Singh

pappu

Pranay Desai

potter

Mechanika | 200944

2009

MechanikaEncouraging scientific spirit byspreading scientific knowledge

Mechanical Engineering Students’ Association (MESA)

Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology GuwahatiEmail: mesa@iitg.ernet.inWebsite: http://www.iitg.ernet.in/mesa/Tel: +91-361-2582700Fax: +91-361-2690762

2008

2007

2006