mechanical technical assignment 2a energy efficiency, ashrae … · 2003-10-08 · mechanical...

Mechanical Technical Assignment 2a

Energy Efficiency, ASHRAE 90, and Miscellaneous Mechanical Analysis

Joseph Firrantello Mechanical Option 10.08.03 PSU AE

Joseph Firrantello - Mechanical Option Primary Faculty Consultant: Freihaut Laboratory Facility, Eastern Pennsylvania Mechanical Assignment 2a Energy, ASHRAE Std. 90, & Misc. Mechanical Evaluation 10.08.03

i

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures………………………………………..ii Executive Summary……………………………………………….1 I. Energy and Efficiency Analysis……………………………….2 II. ASHRAE Std. 90 Lighting Compliance……………………...4 III. ASHRAE Std. 90 Envelope Compliance……………………5 IV. Lost Rentable Space…………………………………………..7 V. Coil Pull Clearance and Egress………………………………8 VI. Mechanical System Cost…………………………………......9 Appendix A – Energy Estimate………………………………….10 Appendix B – Lighting Analysis………………………………..12 Appendix C – ASHRAE Table 9.3.1.1…………………………..14


ii

List of Tables and Figures

Table 1: HVAC Energy Estimate (Sum of Fuel)…………………..3 Table 2: % Glazed Area……………………………………………….5 Table 3: Insulation Values and Compliance………………………6 Table 4: Lost Floor Space……………………………………………7 Figure 1 – Boiler Layout……………………………………………...8 Figure 2 – Roof Layout…………………………………………….....8


Executive Summary

The purpose of this report is to evaluate a laboratory facility in eastern Pennsylvania on energy efficiency, ASHRAE 90 compliance, and miscellaneous mechanical information. The report is divided in two six part. I. Energy and Efficiency AnalysisA very rough energy estimate of the HVAC (the largest potential area for savings in a clean room environment) was done based on 1995 building energy estimates and a 1996 report on laboratory energy usage in California. The California values were scaled to apply to Pennsylvania. The facility HVAC energy usage was estimated to be 13.7 kWh per year, about 7.7 times greater than a comparable office building. No procedure is established for a holistic evaluation of a laboratory’s energy efficiency, so it was concluded that the most logical procedure involves evaluating possible high-efficiency equipment and systems vs. standard ones. II. ASHRAE Std 90 Lighting ComplianceThe facility’s lighting does not comply with ASHRAE Standard 90. The building’s lighting requirements are governed by the ANSI code for Lab Design. III. ASHRAE Std 90 Envelope ComplianceThe facility’s envelope complies with ASHRAE Standard 90. The glazing did not comply, but the assembly U-value was made off of a general assumption. When more accurate data is received, it will be posted in an update or addendum. IV. Lost Rentable SpaceThe mechanical room takes up 4,172 square feet, or approximately 5.53% of the facility. No space was lost to mechanical chases because the facility is 1 story. Mechanical plenum depth ranged from 5’4” to 18’, because of the ductwork and plenum catwalk (required overhead clearance: 7’6”). V. Coil Pull Clearance and Egress Coil pull clearances for the boilers and rooftop AHUs are met. 30” clearances around the boiler in the mechanical room are met. There are two exits from the boiler room as per NFPA. Rooftop chiller requirements were not available, but there appears to be enough room on the drawings. VI. Mechanical System Cost The mechanical system cost was not available at the time of report submittal. The information is forthcoming and will be included in an update or addendum.

Page 1 of 14


I. Energy and Efficiency Analysis

A, IntroductionThe purpose of this section is to do a very rough estimate of the energy usage in order to address the energy efficiency of the building as a whole. B. Energy Usage Estimate - AnalysisEnergy usage can be analyzed using one of two numbers: past utility bills or an energy estimate. The laboratory facility is still under construction, so no utility bills are available. Also, no energy usage estimates have been performed for the facility. It was decided to analyze just the energy usage of the HVAC system, using what regional estimates and building usage factors were available. The following procedure was used to calculate the building energy estimate

1. Office Space Office space energy intensities for sum of total fuel were taken from 1995 values. Water Heating, Space Heating, Cooling, and Ventilation values were used. This yielded a total kWh/sf value. 2. Clean RoomThe only available kWh/sf estimates for clean room energy use were from the 1996 publication Energy Efficiency in California Laboratory-Type Facilities. They were split up in terms of cooling, heating, and fan energy. These values were further segregated in terms of clean room classification. A conversion factor for these values was developed by taking the Northeast US values for HVAC energy use and dividing them by the Pacific West values for HVAC energy use. There are factors for heating, cooling, and ventilation.

ValueWestPacificValueNortheastVFCFHF =,,

The California clean room kWh/sf were multiplied by these factors.

Page 2 of 14


C. Energy Usage Estimate – Conclusion As seen in Table 1, the building HVAC system uses approximately 13.7 million kWh per year, approximately 7.7 times more than a comparable Northeast office building. A more detailed breakdown of calculations and values is available in Appendix A. D. A Note on Energy Efficiency As of now, there is no prescriptive method for evaluating the “greenness” of a laboratory building’s design similar to a Leeds rating for office buildings. It’s been established (Energy Efficiency in California Laboratory Type Facilities, 1996) that there is Energy savings potential in both retrofit and new construction of laboratories, reaching up to 1,100 MBTU/sf (source energy) savings for laboratories with clean room facilities.

Table 1: HVAC Energy Estimate (Sum of Fuel)

Office Class 100,000

Clean Room Class 10,000 Clean Room

Intensity (kWh/sf) 99.2 533.11 562.79

Area (sf) 61,276 9,571 4,545

Energy Usage/year (kWh) 6,078,599 5,102,547 2,557,583

Facility HVAC Energy Usage/year

(kWh) 13,738,729

Comparable Office Building 1,787,679 Factor 7.69

However, with the lack of established standards to do a quick “green or not”, the general design of the building must be looked at in order to evaluate the energy efficiency. This design must then be evaluated against a baseline for the individual building that is developed using standard equipment and design practices. Some things that can be looked at include:

• Heat recovery from exhaust air, especially spaces supplied with 100% outdoor air • Low-face velocity duct coils • CFD modeling of heat sources in room (i.e. process equipment, computers) as part of design

process • Higher quality controls systems

These are just a few things that can be looked at to improve the energy efficiency of a building, many more are outlines in Energy Efficiency in California Laboratory-Type Buildings (1996) and the accompanying digital guide A Design Guide for Energy-Efficient Research Laboratories available at the web address:

http://ateam.lbl.gov/Design-Guide/

For the laboratory itself, the extent of energy efficient design cannot be ascertained from the facility studies done so far. A potential for increasing energy efficiency involves the spaces supplied with 100% outdoor air. The air from these spaces is exhausted directly to the outdoors with no energy recovery. This outdoor air amounts to about 28,000 cfm, which accounts for approximately 16% of the total supply air, and 37% of the total outdoor air used by the building.

Page 3 of 14

http://ateam.lbl.gov/Design-Guide/


II. ASHRAE Std 90 Lighting Compliance

A. Introduction ASHRAE Standard 90.1’s lighting section is used to ensure energy efficient lighting design. There are two ways to evaluate compliance: the Building Area Method and the Space-by-Space Method. The building area method involves an allowed W/sf for a specified building use group. The Space-by-Space Method involves allowed W/sf values for specified spaces. B. Analysis Initially, the Space-by-Space method was tried for approximately 1/3 of the building. The full calculations and results are too lengthy to be displayed here, they can be seen in Appendix B. Most of the power densities exceed the ASHRAE 90 Standards by anywhere from .2 W/sf to 3 W/sf. This is not a trend for one particular use type, as a variety of space categories were excessive by ASHRAE 90 standards. The building does not comply with the Space-by-Space method. The evaluated spaces were then used to form a rough estimate for the Building Area method. This preliminary analysis was performed via the following equation:

22 7.1013,26310,44

ftW

ftW

AreasRoomWattagesLightRoom

DensityPower ===∑

∑

This power density, though a rough figure, is higher than any applicable power density from Table 9.3.3.1 from ASHRAE 90 (see Appendix C). Also, Appendix B clearly shows that the design trend leans toward exceeding ASHRAE 90. C. Conclusion The facility does not comply with the ASHRAE Standard 90 Lighting Power Density requirements by either of the two analysis methods. However, this is not surprising. The facility, being a biotech/pharmaceutical research facility, is governed by ANSI Lab Design standards, which are probably more concerned with minimum lighting requirements for lab safety instead of maximum power requirements to limit energy consumption. A copy of the ANSI Lab Design standard was not available at the time of this document’s production.

Page 4 of 14


III. ASHRAE Std 90 Envelope Compliance

A. Introduction The purpose of this section is to check the facility’s compliance with ASHRAE Standard 90 on two issues:

1. % Envelope Glazing 2. Envelope Heat Transfer

B. % Envelope Glazing The envelope analysis was relatively straightforward, involving taking the total glazed area and dividing it by the gross wall area (defined by ASHRAE 90 as top of floor to bottom of roof). ASHRAE 90 requires this value to be 50% or less.

Table 2: % Glazed Area Gross Wall

Perimeter (ft) Height (ft)

Gross Wall Area (sf)

1584 29.6 46860 46860

Windows Length (ft) Height (ft) Total Glazed Area (sf)

513.3 11 5647 257.3 19 4889 10536 % glazing 22%

The % envelope glazing turns out to be approximately 22%, as shown in Table 2. The Standard 90 requirement is met. C. Envelope Heat Transfer The envelope heat transfer requirements were evaluated for the region of Philadelphia, PA, with 4,954 HDD65 (Heating Degree Days) and 3,623 CDD50 (Cooling Degree Days). Table B-13 from ASHRAE Standard 90 lists the code requirements. Certain assumptions were made concerning material information that was not available.

• Roof insulation assumed to be polyisocyanurate, a common rigid insulation material • Window (listed as 1” insulated tinted aluminum frame with thermal break) U-value assumed

to be 0.50, from ASHRAE Fundamentals 2001. This U-value is for double glazing, e=0.40 with a ½” air space

See Table 3 (next page) for calculations and results. As can be seen, most of the building assemblies meet ASHRAE 90 envelope requirements. The one assembly that does not comply (the windows) uses an assumed value that may or may not be correct. D. Conclusion The building complies with ASHRAE Standard 90 Envelope requirements on all but one count. That one count is from an assumed value, and may be incorrect. If a more accurate value is received, it will be included in an update or addendum.

Page 5 of 14


Table 3 - Insulation Values and Compliance

Nonresidential

Assembly Maximum U

Insulation Min. R-Value

Assembly U R-Value Compliant?

Roofs

Insulation Entirely Above Deck

0.063 15 0.059 16.68 Y

Walls, Above Grade Steel Framed 0.124 13 0.042 11 Y

Walls, Above Grade Steel Framed 0.124 13 0.076 11 Y

Slab-On-Grade Floors (F-value listed)

Unheated 0.73 NR 0.73 NR Y

Opaque Doors Swinging 0.7 n/a 0.6 n/a Y

From Standard 90 Table B-13 Nonresidential

Vertical Glazing,

% of wall Assembly

Maximum U Assembly Max.

SHGC Assembly U SHGC Compliant?

Fenestration 40.1 - 50% 0.46 0.25 0.50 not available N From Standard 90 Table B-13 Roof Wall - E.I.F.S. Component R Component R

Outside Air Layer 0.17

Outside Air Layer 0.17

Building

Membrane 0 2" E.I.F.S. 12

3" Rigid poly isocyanurate 16.68 3" Batt 11

Steel Decking 0 Inside Air Layer 0.68 Inside Air Layer 0.11 ΣR 23.85 ΣR 16.96 U 0.042 U 0.059 Wall - Brick Component R Outside Air Layer 0.17

Slab on grade value taken from Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings, Stein and Reynolds 2000

4" Brick 1.32 3" Batt 11

Opaque door value taken from ASHRAE Fundamentals 2001

Inside Air Layer 0.68 ΣR 13.17 U 0.076

When not available on building documents, values used taken from Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings, Stein and Reynolds 2000

Page 6 of 14


IV. Lost Rentable Space

A. Introduction The purpose of this section is to get an idea of the space “lost” in the building from the mechanical room, vertical shaft/chase, and plenum space. Though (in the case of this building) the space cannot be rented, it is still lost useable space. B. Analysis and Conclusions

Table 4: Lost Floor Space Total Building Square Footage 75,392 sfMechanical Room Area 4,172 sfChase Area 0 sfBuilding Square Footage w/o Mech and Chase

71,220 sf

% of Building Area that is Mech Space

5.53%

As can be seen in Table 4: Lost Floor Space, there is 4,172 sf lost from the mechanical room. No space is lost from mechanical chases, because the occupied space of the facility is only one floor. All sixteen of the AHU’s and the process chiller are on the roof, thereby decreasing the amount of mechanical space necessary on the main level. The plenum space, however, is more significant. Taken from the top of the suspended ceiling to the bottom of the steel, from 5’4” to 18’ of height is taken up by the mechanical systems. This larger than normal (seemingly, even for a laboratory) plenum space appears to be due to the service catwalk that runs inside the plenum space. 7’6” clearance is required for maintenance.

Page 7 of 14


V. Coil Pull Clearance and Egress

A. Introduction The coil pull clearance and code-required egress are evaluated to ensure safe and easy maintenance of the equipment. B. Analysis As can be seen in Figure 1, IPS has outlined a 30” clearance (as per NFPA) and a tube pull for each of the process boilers. Boiler room egress is accomplished through the mechanical room access door, and an overhead roll-up door. The egress plan for the building also shows louvers in the room as additional egress points. The coil pull space for the rooftop process chiller is not defined, but access appears to be taken take of. Detailed diagrams and information on the chiller (an Acme Model AARC 140 ton Screw Compressor) were not available at the time of report submittal.

Figure 1 – Boiler Layout

All 16 of the rooftop AHUs are package units, so coil pull space equal to the width of the units is necessary. IPS has outlined the necessary space on the drawings for most of the AHUs, as shown in Figure 2. C. Conclusion The coil pull clearance and egress requirements appear to be met.

l

r

Figure 2 – Roof Layout

Page 8 of 14

Chille

AHU Coil Pul


VI. Mechanical System Cost

The mechanical system cost was not available at the time of report submittal. The information is forthcoming and will be included in an update or addendum.

Page 9 of 14

Appendix A

Building UsageTotal Area 75,392Office 61,276Class 100,000 Clean Room 9,571Class 10,000 Clean Room 4,545

Energy Intensity for Sum of Major FuelsSpace Heating Water Heating ΣHeating Cooling Ventilation Total

Office 24.3 8.7 33 9.7 5.2 80.9 MBTU/sfOffice 7.122 2.550 9.672 2.843 1.524 23.712 kWh/sfFrom Table 4 of 1995 Major Energy End Use

Space Heating Water Heating ΣHeating Cooling Ventilation TotalNortheast 32.4 14.2 46.6 4 2 99.2 MBTU/sfPacific West 14.9 14.8 29.7 5.4 3.1 67.9 MBTU/sf

Northeast 9.496 4.162 13.658 1.172 0.586 29.1 kWh/sfPacific West 4.367 4.338 8.705 1.583 0.909 19.9 kWh/sfFrom Table 4 of 1995 Major Energy End Use

HF CF VF1.569 0.741 0.645

These factors will be used to convert California clean room energy usage values to Pennsylvania values.

HF = Heating FactorCF = Cooling FactorVF = Ventilation Factor

Cleanroom ClassCalifornia 10,000 100,000Fan Energy 92 46 kWh/sfHeating 9.13 9.13 therms/sfHeating 267.509 267.509 kWh/sfCooling 113 113 kWh/sf

Cleanroom ClassPennsylvania 10,000 100,000Fan Energy 59.35 29.68 kWh/sfHeating 14.33 14.33 therms/sfHeating 419.73 419.73 kWh/sfCooling 83.70 83.70 kWh/sfTotal 562.79 533.11 kWh/sf

ValueWestPacificValueNortheastVFCFHF =,,

Page 10 of 14

Appendix A

Table 1: HVAC Energy Estimate

Office Class 100,000 Clean Room

Class 10,000 Clean Room

Intensity (kWh/sf) 99.2 533.11 562.79

Area (sf) 61,276 9,571 4,545

Energy Usage/year (kWh) 6,078,599 5,102,547 2,557,583

Facility HVAC Energy Usage/year (kWh) 13,738,729

Comparable Office Building 1,787,679Factor 7.69

Page 11 of 14

Appendix B - Lighting Analysis

From Standard 90

Room # Space Square Footage

Fixture Type

Wattage per Fixture

Number of Fixtures Wattage Lighting Power

Density (W/sf) Occupancy Type Lighting Power Density (W/sf) Compliant?

061 Executive Office 167.7 B 105 2 210 1.25 Office - Enclosed 1.5 Y062 Executive Office 167.7 B 105 2 210 1.25 Office - Enclosed 1.5 Y063 Executive Office 167.7 B 105 2 210 1.25 Office - Enclosed 1.5 Y064 Executive Office 167.7 B 105 2 210 1.25 Office - Enclosed 1.5 Y065 Executive Office 167.7 B 105 2 210 1.25 Office - Enclosed 1.5 Y060 Executive Office 204.7 B 105 2 210 1.03 Office - Enclosed 1.5 Y066 Executive Office 219.9 B 105 2 210 0.95 Office - Enclosed 1.5 Y019 North Corridor Open Office 993.8 B 105 20 2100 2.11 Office - Open 1.3 N004 Conference Room 375.3 B 105 6 630 1.68 Conference 1.5 NP230 Cell Culture 1 376.9 C 140 6 840 2.23 Laboratory 1.8 N093 West Corridor Open Office 1342.9 B 105 24 2520 1.88 Office - Open 1.3 N

P272 Cell Culture 5 903.8 C 140 16 2240 2.63 Laboratory 1.8 NC2 70 2 140

P258 Mechanical Room 4517.2 F 70 30 2100 0.46 Elec/Mech Room 1.3 YA4 70 1 70 0.50P276 Sterile Glass Room 462.1 C3 70 14 980 2.12 Laboratory 1.8 NC211 Clean Corridor 477.8 C1 105 7 735 1.54 Corridor 0.7 NP275 48.5 C2 70 1 70 1.44 Laboratory 1.8 YC200 Clean Corridor 488.2 C1 105 7 735 1.51 Corridor 0.7 NP273 Seed Room 174.2 C1 105 3 315 1.81 Laboratory 1.8 NC201 Clean Corridor 342.1 C1 105 5 525 1.53 Corridor 0.7 NC204 Clean Corridor 397.5 C1 105 6 630 1.58 Corridor 0.7 N

P260 Fill 143.7 C 140 2 280 2.44 Laboratory 1.8 NC2 70 1 70P266 Buffer Prep Two 371.9 C1 105 7 735 1.98 Laboratory 1.8 NP265 36.2 C2 70 1 70 1.93 Laboratory 1.8 NP264 Buffer Prep One 371.9 C1 105 7 735 1.98 Laboratory 1.8 NP263 36.2 C2 70 1 70 1.93 Laboratory 1.8 N

P267 Purification Five 512.3 C 140 7 980 2.05 Laboratory 1.8 NC2 70 1 70P269 42.6 C2 70 1 70 1.64 Laboratory 1.8 YP268 52.5 C2 70 1 70 1.33 Laboratory 1.8 YP257 Purification Four 441.7 C1 105 8 840 1.90 Laboratory 1.8 N

P252 Cell Culture Four 541.2 C 140 7 9802.33

Laboratory 1.8 NC2 70 4 280

P251 Cell Culture Three 496 C1 105 7 7351.91

Laboratory 1.8 NC2 70 3 210038 Cafeteria 832 A 140 12 1680 2.02 Dining 1.4 NP244 Purification Three 445.2 C1 105 8 840 1.89 Laboratory 1.8 NP261 38.5 C2 70 1 70 1.82 Laboratory 1.8 NP262 Fill 195 C 140 3 420 2.15 Laboratory 1.8 NP259 37.9 C2 70 1 70 1.85 Laboratory 1.8 NC203 46 C2 70 1 70 1.52 Laboratory 1.8 YP246 45.7 C2 70 1 70 1.53 Laboratory 1.8 YP247 45.7 C2 70 1 70 1.53 Laboratory 1.8 YC202 Product Corridor 354.7 C1 105 5 525 1.48 Corridor 0.7 NP271 48.7 C2 70 1 70 1.44 Laboratory 1.8 YP274 A/L Entry 60.9 C1 105 1 105 1.72 Laboratory 1.8 YP254 A/L Exit 45.7 C2 70 1 70 1.53 Laboratory 1.8 YP256 A/L Exit 45.7 C2 70 1 70 1.53 Laboratory 1.8 YP270 A/L Exit 43.5 C2 70 1 70 1.61 Laboratory 1.8 YP277 Wash/Prep Room 350.7 C1 105 6 630 1.80 Laboratory 1.8 YC207 Product Corridor 599 C1 105 8 840 1.40 Corridor 0.7 NC206 45.7 C2 70 1 70 1.53 Laboratory 1.8 YC205 Clean Corridor 462.9 C1 105 7 735 1.59 Corridor 0.7 NP255 A/L Entry 50.2 C2 70 1 70 1.39 Laboratory 1.8 YP253 A/L Entry 52.5 C2 70 1 70 1.33 Laboratory 1.8 YP250 Seed Room 165.2 C1 105 3 315 1.91 Laboratory 1.8 NP249 A/L 50.2 C2 70 1 70 1.39 Laboratory 1.8 YP248 A/L Entry 52.5 C2 70 1 70 1.33 Laboratory 1.8 YP245 A/L Entry 50.2 C2 70 1 70 1.39 Laboratory 1.8 Y

P238 Purification Two 256.8 C1 105 5 525 2.32 Laboratory 1.8 NC2 70 1 70

P239 A/L Entry 50.2 C2 70 1 70 1.39 Laboratory 1.8 YP237 A/L Entry 52.5 C2 70 1 70 1.33 Laboratory 1.8 YP235 Cell Culture 2 434.9 C 140 7 980 2.25 Laboratory 1.8 NP242 A/L Exit 42.3 C2 70 1 70 1.65 Laboratory 1.8 YP236 A/L Exit 32.2 C2 70 1 70 2.17 Laboratory 1.8 NP234 164.3 C1 105 4 420 2.56 Laboratory 1.8 NP233 A/L 50.2 C2 70 1 70 1.39 Laboratory 1.8 YP232 A/L Entry 52.5 C2 70 1 70 1.33 Laboratory 1.8 YP228 A/L Entry 50.2 C2 70 1 70 1.39 Laboratory 1.8 Y

P227 Purification 1 250.4 C1 105 5 525 2.38 Laboratory 1.8 NC2 70 1 70

P229 A/L Exit 45.7 C2 70 1 70 1.53 Laboratory 1.8 YP231 A/L Exit 32.2 C2 70 1 70 2.17 Laboratory 1.8 N

Page 12 of 14

Appendix B - Lighting Analysis

C210 Clean Corridor 438.7 C1 105 6 630 1.44 Corridor 0.7 NC209 A/L 45.7 C2 70 1 70 1.53 Laboratory 1.8 YC208 Product Corridor 462 C1 105 7 735 1.59 Corridor 0.7 NP213 A/L Exit 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP211 Cell Bank One 242.3 C 140 4 560 2.31 Laboratory 1.8 NP212 A/L Entry 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP216 A/L Exit 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP214 Cell Bank Two 242.3 C 140 4 560 2.31 Laboratory 1.8 NP215 A/L Entry 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP217 A/L Entry 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP218 A/L Exit 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP219 Cell Bank Three 242.6 C 140 4 560 2.31 Laboratory 1.8 NP220 A/L Entry 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP221 A/L Exit 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP222 Cell Bank Four 242.6 C 140 4 560 2.31 Laboratory 1.8 NP223 A/L Entry 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP224 A/L Exit 34.6 C2 70 1 70 2.02 Laboratory 1.8 NP225 Cell Bank Four 258.1 C 140 4 560 2.17 Laboratory 1.8 NC212 57.2 C2 70 1 70 1.22 Corridor 0.7 NP282 Corridor 52.6 C2 70 2 140 2.66 Corridor 0.7 NP284 Freezer Room 142 C1 105 2 210 1.48 Active Storage 1.1 N

Locker Room Vestibule 42.5 C2 70 1 70 1.65 Locker Room 0.8 N

P286 Locker Room 156.5 C3 70 2 140 1.34 Locker Room 0.8 NC2 70 1 70

P287 Locker Room 193.5 C3 70 2 140 1.45 Locker Room 0.8 NC2 70 2 140

P279 Showers 152.2 C3 70 4 280 1.84 Locker Room 0.8 N009 North Corridor 603.7 A 140 10 1400 2.32 Corridor 0.7 N006 Mail Room 63.1 A 140 1 140 2.22 Active Storage 1.1 N001, 002, 003 Lobby 674.2 M3 200 14 2800 4.57 Lobby 1.8 N

B2 70 4 280007 Document Services 345.9 B 105 6 630 1.82 Office - Open 1.3 N008 V.C. Office-1 120.9 B 105 2 210 1.74 Office - Enclosed 1.5 N

Page 13 of 14

Appendix C - ASHRAE Table 9.3.1.1

ASHRAE Std. 90 - Table 9.3.1.1 Building Type Lighting Power Density (W/ft2) Automotive Facility 1.5 Convention Center 1.4 Court House 1.4 Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 1.5 Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food 1.8 Dining: Family 1.9 Dormitory 1.5 Exercise Center 1.4 Gymnasium 1.7 Hospital/Health Care 1.6 Hotel 1.7 Library 1.5 Manufacturing Facility 2.2 Motel 2.0 Motion Picture Theater 1.6 Multi-Family 1.0 Museum 1.6 Office 1.3 Parking Garage 0.3 Penitentiary 1.2 Performing Arts Theater 1.5 Police/Fire Station 1.3 Post Office 1.6 Religious Building 2.2 Retail 1.9 School/University 1.5 Sports Arena 1.5 Town Hall 1.4 Transportation 1.2 Warehouse 1.2 Workshop 1.7

Page 14 of 14

mechanical technical assignment 2a energy efficiency, ashrae … · 2003-10-08 · mechanical...

Documents