measuring landscape characteristics. features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage...

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Measuring Landscape Characteristics

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Page 1: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

Measuring Landscape Characteristics

Page 2: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

•Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

Page 3: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

Gradient and Profile•Gradient = elevation (height)/distance (length)

•Profile: shows the elevation, shape and slope of landscape features

Page 4: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

Mountains, Plateaus and Plains

•Mountains, plateaus and plains are categories of landscapes characterized by gradient, elevation and rock structure

Page 5: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

•Summary:a.Mountain: High elevation, steep gradient, distorted or disturbed rock layers (faulting, folding, etc)

Page 6: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

b. Plateau: High elevation, undistorted horizontal rock structure, fairly level slope

Page 7: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

•c. Plain: low elevation and level surface with little change in slope

Page 8: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

Page 9: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

Time and Landscape Stages

•An area often experiences a time when the uplifting forces are dominant, followed by a long time when the leveling forces are dominant

a.Youth: Uplift dominantb.Maturity: Leveling dominant

Page 10: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

b. Old Age” Leveling still dominant but less effective due to low elevations = less potential energyc. Dynamic equilibrium: uplift and leveling are equal forces

Page 11: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

Effects of Climate on Landscape Development•Arid climates: little vegetation to hold sediments in place, resulting in steeper slopes and sharp, angular landscape features (physical/mechanical weathering). Common in SW US

Page 12: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

•Humid climates: Vegetation holds sediments in place, so landscapes are smoother and more rounded (chemical weathering). Common in eastern US

Page 13: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

Landscape features of glaciations:a.Mountaintops and steep

slopes without soilb.Transported soil over large

areasc.Unsorted soil at and below

the surface

Page 14: Measuring Landscape Characteristics. Features such as mountains, valleys, and stream drainage patterns have distinctive shapes by which they can be identified

d. Wide U-shape valleyse. Polish, striations, drumlins, moraines, Finger lakes and kettle lakesf. Disconnected stream drainage patterns

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