matter: it’s what the world is made of. anything that has a mass and a volume (takes up space)
TRANSCRIPT
Matter:
It’s what the world is made of.
•Anything that has a mass and a volume (takes up space)
The Four States of Matter
Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/
STATES OF MATTER Based upon
particle arrangement energy of particles distance between particles
Solids have a definite shape have weight has a definite volume -take
up space
Particles are arranged in a tight,
regular pattern vibrating about a fixed
position have very little energy
Examples of Solids: Ice Frog Cheese Bricks Wood Popsicle
Liquids have an indefinite shape -take
the shape of their container have weight a definite volume-take up space
Particles are loosely packed are far enough apart to slide
over one another have medium energy levels
Examples of Liquids: Orange Juice Water Soft drinks Milk Rubbing Alcohol Vinegar
Gases have an indefinite shape-
spread out to fill the entire space given
have weight. an indefinite volume- takes
up spaceParticles are VERY far apart and
move freely have LOTS of energy
Examples of Gases: Steam Oxygen Carbon dioxide Smog Tear Gas Helium
Plasma is an ionized gas very good conductor of electricity and is
affected by magnetic fields an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume
Particles are electrically charged. have EXTREMELY high energy levels
Examples of PLASMA:
Used in: Fluorescent light bulbs Neon lights
Some places where plasmas are found…
Flames
Lightning
Aurora (Northern Lights)
The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state
Changing States There are several names for matter
changing states: State change
Phase change
Physical change
Chemical Change
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in a regular
patternVibrate, but do not move from place to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move
about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.Vibrate and
move freely at high speeds
Has no definite volume or
shape and is composed of
electrical charged particles
Energy determines the state!
Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
Solid + Energy = ?
When energy is added to solids, they become liquids!
Examples?
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement DuringPhase Change
Solid to liquid
MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes.
Liquid + Energy = ? When energy is
added to liquids, they become gasses!
What examples can you think of?
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.
Mixtures may be in different phases
Solid? Liquid? Gas? Plasma?
Here’s how it works:
Push here for a movie!
Check out the following site on States of Matter
Watch this Brain Pop
movie on theStates of Matter
5th Grade Science Mrs. LaRosa
Matter Study Guide
www.middleschoolscience.com 2008
•Changing from one state to another is a Physical Change.
•If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change.
Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
• The building blocks of Matter• Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N).
• Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means• Can exist as either atoms or molecules.
Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. • In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .
Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html
• Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.
• Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically.
In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
• Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution.
• Uniform Distribution.• Example: Sugar and Water
Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
• The substance to be dissolved.
• The one doing the dissolving.
Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
• Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions .
• Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.
• They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.
• Can be separated physically.
• Solutions are also mixtures.
• The substances are not uniformly mixed.
• Example: Sand in a glass of water.Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com
• Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye.
Example: the ingredients in salad dressing
• Substances will settle over time.
