materi food packaging technology

8/6/2019 Materi Food Packaging Technology

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I Active packagingBrianP.F.Day

.1 Introduct ionActivepackaging efers o thc ncolpolat ionoi ccftain addit ives nto packagingf i lmor w i th inpackag ing on ta ine ls i t h hc a im o l na in la in ing nc l x tend ing:roduct shclf lite (Day. 1989). Packaging nay be ternred act ive u,hen itrerfbrnrssomedesired ole in f ixrd preservat ion ther than providingun inelrra r r i e r o ex te rna l ond i t i onsRnoney.1995 tHotchk iss . 99 ,1 ) . c t i ve pack ,.rging ncludesaddit ivesor.f icslrrrt '.ssnltrutcrs that are ci lpableof scavengingrxygen; adsorbing carbon dioxide, rrroisture. thylcnc and/or f l ! r\ ,our/odorrr.aints: cleasing thanol. (nbatcs. nt ioxidants nd/Or'othcr resen'at ires: nd/orrnaintainingerrperature ontrol. Table 9.1 l ists exanrples l act ive packaging,ystems.somc of which nray ofter extenclet l helf l i le opponunil ics irr ncu':ategories f fbod producls Day. I9tt9. 200 Rooncv. 199-5).

Act ive packaginghas been used $,ith nlany f ixrd prodLrcts nt l is beinqtestedwith nunrerol ls thers.Table 9.1 l ists some of the i lrd applicat ionsh;ithave beneflted l-orn act ive packaging cchnology. t shoLrld e noted hat rl lfbod prodttcts avc r.rnirluecteriorat ion neclranisrnhlrt rlust be rrnclerstooi ibelbreapplying his echndogy. (Chapter2 discusses iodcteriorat i l)n l l i )odsrnd Chapte r d i scussesi ro t lqu r l i t v i ssucs . ) he she l f i f e o f packagcdix )dis dependenton numcroLrs ictors sLrchas the intrinsic natLrrc t the l ixrd.: .g. acidity pH), wateract ivity (.r, . . nutrientcontent.occurrence f ant lnlrcrobial compounds, edox potential. espirat ion ate and biologicalstrLtcture.od:x t r i ns i c ac to rs , .g . cn lpera tu re .e la t i ve L rn id i t y RH) and hesur rou t rd ingEaseous onrposit iOn.These lactors u, i l l direct ly inf luence the chcrnicl l .b iochemica l ,hys i ca l nd r i c rob io log ica l po i l age rechan isms l iod i v idulood p roducts nd he i rach ievab lehc i l i ves .By care lu l )y ons i t l e r i ngll oi 't heseacto rs ,t i s poss ib leo e!a luate xist ing nd devc lop ing c t i ve ackag ingtechno log iesnd app ly them l i r l n ra in ta in in - rhe qua l i t yand exrend ing hcrhelf I i l 'eofdif ferenr fbod prodLrctsDay, l9U9).Ac t t vepackag ings r ro tsvnonymoLrsi th in t c l l i gen t r s rnanpackag ing .which refers to packaging that sensesand intbrrns (SLlntntcrs. 992: Day.2001) . n te l l i gen t ackag ing ev icesarc capab le l scns ingand prov id ingIntormation bout he lnct ion an d plopert ies l packagedixrd and cau proviciel ssurancesf pack n tegr i t y .anrper v idence . roduct a le t v nd qua l i t ) . t l rdl re be ingu t i l i sed n app l i ca t i ons uc h s producta l t t hen t i c i t y .n t i hc l t nc l

ACTIVE PACKACINC

Table 9. 1 Scl((r(J c\"n,t l (\ , r : \ rr \u tr . tJ!rn! \\ \rern\

283

Active .ck. rgingsysrcn)uxygcn scr !cn ic rs l-,r.rd. crk.\. cookcd dce.

b iseu i l \ . p i /a . p rs l ! . chcese .cur .d nrc r l \ r nd l i sh . co l l i c .\n l rek I i ! { l ! . d r icJ l i ! d \ rnd

.o l l , : r - i i . sh r I r t ' r nJ l i \ h .nu l rn , l lnher \ r r l l i ! i ( lf r ( )dL ' ( \ r nd \p ,n ! . e rkc \

l r L rl . r , rScr i rb l . \ ln t l ( nhc lh ( i r t i ! u l t u r i r l r o d u e r .

( . f cL r ls . r r c r ts . r sh - b rc rd .ehrcsc . snn .k l l r ) d \ . l lu f i r nd

nrclal e. B pl r t inur ) . r t r l l s lrs. ( rb! lc/ rretx l l . \ ! ' l l si r o n x i d r / .r l r [ r n r \d r o \ i d cle ( ius t | l t , r i r l c / ' r . l t| l r l i , l rc! leiur ro\ rc le/ r rr \ r l fd ( h! r .oal!scor r t r / todiunr r ! r rb{ )nt l l rl ( )hssiur r )crn r :Ll | \ r (r ! r i \ urc( l l | \ s/ /c( ) l r l . r

s t i ! c nd hc rb . ru r . r \U l l A / B l I r n l i o \ i d r n r \\ r i r n rn : r n r r ( ) \ i , hn l\ ohr r l . l r l ( ! n . d i ( ) \ r , l c /sulpl r r di ( ' \ rdcLr leoh, ) lpr l \encr t \uhlL( l r l l r r r r ) l

r r r \ l c d l ! \ s r n i l n r r . r a l s

. r l luk) \c I r i l c . t i l rc

le r )Lrs r l lh\c( fhr lc!(r l \ N.d.i [ bon/f r\\ / , , .ol i rr\n(n $( ) \cn l lnsl re\cn)ublc ul lcdcr)nt l in. rsh) 'd( ) l lu i r (Jerrhonr\Linr ! /$ r lc li rnl r r r ruf i | ]1l l c / \ \ l cr

sci r \ 'ngcr/er I l l . r \

Erhy| l rn. rr\ cngeN

P rcsc rr l i \ . r . l & r sc r .

E lhrnol nr i r r . r \

N lois lLrc b\ (n cr \

f / / n . r u \ t \ . exkc \ . r r r { 1 .hiseui rs.i \h rnd hnl r r )l r s h . r r r l s .l n r l t r \ . r r x ( lroods. cr .als.dr icd i r )d\ .s lnd* ichcs. nt i t rndl ru r u i . c \ . r c d n r e kr i r x l ' . i \ h . . . r e rl s .I l ) l | l r ' i .{ h i r p ' ( ! l u . l s r J l r u r

r . !d) nrexls. rQts. i sh.toLr l t rync lbc\ r f t l !cs

I :h\ our / ( r l0Lrrd\ ( i rhus

Trr rpurnlurc or l rol

product r-aceabil i tySunrners. c)92:Day. 2(X)l . Intel l igentpackaging evicesinclLrde ime-1erlpcrature ldici l t(ns. uas scnsing dyes. Inicrobial growthindicators. hysicalshock ndicators. nd nuneroLrs xamplcsof tanrperproof.an t i -coUote r le i t i ngnd an t i t he f i t echno log ies .n fb rn ra t i on n in teJ l i gen tpackaging echnologvcan be obtainet l rcrn olhcr reterence ourccs Sumnrers.J992 :Day. 199 .1 .00I .


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284 FOOD PACKACING TECHNOLOCYIt is no t he ntent ion f thischapter o extensively eviewall act ivepackaging

technologies ut rather o describe he dit lerent typesof devices. he scient i t lcprinciplesbehind hem. hc principal ixrd applicat ions nd he irod satetyan dregulatery ssues hat need to be consideredby potentialusers.Th e nrajorfbcusof this chapter s on oxygenscavengcrs tr tothcr ct i t 'e packagingechno-lQgiesar e alstr t l iscussedand some recetrtdeveloptrtents ighl i i lhted.More{etai led inforrnat ionon active packaging an be ob(ained rttnr the nttnler


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286 FOOD PACKACINC TECHNOLOCYTablc 9.2 Sele! r rd on)nr'c ial r l srn sr) !cngcr sy\ rcms

Ll | l \uhrshi rs Chenr i .r lCo. Lrd

Toppin Pr int in!Co Lr d]i ,a!os!i CJ),)D)rJLrsr , \

Co LldNitpon S( r Cr) LrdFinclc( 'o I l dToyo Sci l ,an iushrLr dMul r isorb .chnolo! rcs

In! .Cibr Spc( i r l i l )

Chcrr ic. r l sChc\ (Jn l r r r r l i ! i r l sW. R crr lc Co. LrdF(xt r l { rcnccAusrr r l r tL/Vr\] l l i lu\ t rcsCNIB T,:. l rnoi r '!r.sS l rndLrndusl r (

I:-M('{) ' . rc ln- ! rn!S l ' t c r r r sJohns(nNlLr t lhc) l rB i r ) l . rLl dAlco. rCSI Iun' lL

Counr fy Tr . rde lnrc Prckrrinr or m

l ! bc l \l r b ! l sp l .N i ic l r l ' l l

I ' l r s l r ( i lI r

l , r h .J '

US,\

t s, \tr sL S, \

I Kl r K1 . r r r l . ,t rK

I i cshr l i / f l

FreshNl r \l-rc\h P.LflShcl l plu.

zaR(.rl

A r ( oO \ ) . i r l l\ f ( oN/ A{ l rokLr( . D i \ t l : r . e r

t 'ET eofol ) rsrcr

in to an Oxyguardr r r t ra ) \ 'h i chha sbccn usedeont lne rc ia l l yir r cookcd rce( s e e i g . . 1 ) .Th c lrseol oxygen scityengcl\ it r beer'. vinc ln(l othcr beveritgr'\ \ lutet]t ia l ly a hugen la rkc t hu tha son ly reccn t l y egun10 be exp lo i l ed . ro l busedlabel and srchet \ctvetrlers cannot be used or bevert-oes [ high ./ , , fbod\because ,'v i ren c t. hei roxygen cavens ingupab i l i t ) s rap i r i l y os t . ns teu( l .va r ious on rne ta l l i ceagen ts ndorga l r - ne ta l l i c o rnpounds 'h i chha !e naffiDity tb r oxy-uen av c been ncorpori: ted ntr) bott le cjosure\. cro\\ns ilndcap: or blcnded nto poll 'nrcr materialsso that ox)'gen s sclt ! .cngedr()nt hebot t le ead \pacet) d ny ing less ins xynen s a l so cavenged.he PureSe l l r r rox)'gen ctvcoginr bott le r()wo\ (tnarkcted ryW.R. Ct.accCo. [_tdand Zrput. \Techno log iesnc . . USAt . oxygen scaven{ iugp las t i c (PET) beer bol e \(mant l i ac lu rcd y Con l i l L 'n tu lPI IT Techno lo .u rcs .o ledo .L tSA) u r t r t i gh r

O ^--lrl l .\/-\ \_,/ ( ) v z---r\_/\ ./ \--,/ I l. \,-/ .

o o- o.

ACTIVE PACKACINC 287High-barrierid

OXYGUARD--ray

Healse aable ayer

Oxygen bsorbtngayerBarrierayer EVOH)

Proleclayer

l ; i t u r c L l S t r L ( 0 | l . (j r ] \ \ ! u . , r ( t , . , r r . r \ r ! ( r J l ! . \ , , t ( ^ ( j S r r t l I K , L r \ r L , Lt L t l

act i \ated EROIT\ roxygcD ca\ r ' r t ge r a te r ia l sdcre lL rped;. FoodSc icnceAust r i r l i a .o r t hRydc,NS\ \ ' .Ar rs r ra l i a ; r r rc io i l 'pun ly woed 1, \ ' i sy r rdu : ( r . i cs .Me lbourne .V ic to r ia .ALrs t ra l i a )tr e us t tht .ee f nu loy , r*yga, , .un. " , ,g. .devL'lopn'renlsinrcrlal tht ' bclcr u-lte narkethL l ar c l lso applicablc,o otherIoodapp l i ca t i onsRoonc_ \ .995 . 99 i i .1000 :Cu\ t l e ,199( r ) .r shou lc lrcnorcc lthat he specd ndcap lc i t r 'o t ox) 'ge l l caveng ing las l i c i l rns ind arnin l tedl ray \ a rs c (n t \ i ( l e rab lyoucr conrP i t re r li lh i ron brse t j r l r \ , . co \ r i i \ c l l c rsache tsr l abe ls H i rs r . 99u) .Morc dc ta i l cd n lo r r r l a t j on r ) t he t ech ic r l rec lu i r . cn t cn t si .c. l i l r l o rv .nrcdi\ lnl ln d high o,, i ixrt ls anci hcreluges; \ l tccd oi t .exct iolt : torage retn_pera tu re :xygen ca \en ! i r ) ! c lpac i t v t r t l ncccs \a ry ackag ing r i t e r r l r )r l th ed i l t i ' r cn t ypcso l o \ \ '1 t c l )c i l \ c l t rc l \ c i l t lbe ob l i l i ned ro rnL l rbuza nd BrceDe( l t ) l i 9 ) . do l (199- l t -Rooncr ( l q (15 .199a .20(X) rnd Hurnre ld r \ hvcnarncn( 1996) .


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28 8 FOOD PACKACINC TECHNOLOCY9.2.1 ZERO2ttrl)xvg?tr (tvettgirtgnutet iolsAs a case tudy . r i e fde ta i l s f the ZERO2ln !oxygencaveng ingeve lopn len tar edescribed er e Rooney.2000) ZERO2rlr is the tradenarre to r it rangeofoxygen scavenging last icpackagingmaterialsundcr devclopmcnt in u'hichth e react iveconrponents re act ivatcdby t l leansol ultraviolet ight or rclatedh igh-ene lpy ro ( \ ' \ \ c \ . Th c pta. t i is " \ )Fen \L r \ c r rF i r l f t r roPcr l i c \ c r r l ' r i r rinict ive urrt i l act ivatedby an apPfopriatc t i lnult ls tn d thus can be sLtbjectedto conventionalcxtr.usiol l asedcorl\ 'crl ingprocesscs n tl le Ini lnutactt lrcol 'packagingsuch as fi lm. shcet.coit t i l )gs'adhesires. lcqucrs' bott les' closttrei iners nc l ca n coati lrgs. hi s patcnted cchndogy is blsed on research ndcrtaken at Food ScienceAustral ia (North Rydc. NSW. Au\trrl i i l ) and is nowbe ingdeve loped ar t l yw i t h V isy I n t i t t s t r i csMc lboLr rne ' c t t l ra ' .A t rs t f a l i a ) '

Pickaging problenls involving th e need ti)r oxySen scavengtng na y bedivided into tw o classes sed or1 he oriSi l of the oxygcn thrt necds o beremoved.Th e headspacc nd dissolvedoxlgen is prcscrlt t l lc t inlc ol closingmostpackages f tbodsan d bcveragcsRctttovalof sotre or al l of this oxlgcnis requiredat a rategreatcr ha n hat of th e vlriotts lt l txl clegt dittitltrProes\susthat occLrrn the boil . In rhis casc.a headspace cavcngclpitckltges required'Th e oxygen ha t cn te rs he package y pe t tnca t ion r . ea lage .a l i c r l os ingneeds ; be rcmovctl. preterably rel i)rc conti lcl i t l l l he l i)oi] Th e scavc'trger'requ i red s a chemica l l yenhanced ar t i c r 'Pro to t ype ERO2TNTcadspacescavenging olyrrrelct lnrposit iot lso lrcet thcse1\\o rc(l l l l lelnenl\ nl l \e occlsynthesisedio n t ixrt l-gradccotrlnrcrci l l lpolytners itrcl xtt t tdcd nt() illl ol lap i l o t sca)e .Oxygenscaveng ingron t thc gas phasc an bc ma( le o occ l r rwithin mirutcs at reton enpcraturcsttld$ ithin scvefalhour\ t( )on c rt t lr o dlt l rat room tetnpcri l t t l l -e.xygenscarcngit tg () rerl l l ru lcrcls ttnclcrclr-igcri i t rot ltemperatureica n recluitc wo or l l lorc da)s. i ts cxPccledullett ga s t l i l i i rsionin to he pu l l n t c r \ . lL \ \ \ J

Beverages re patt icrrlarly usceptibleo cltral i ty cgradil t ion Lr c o ()xldal lonor . n somi cases. t t e o n i c rob ia lgrowth Disl r ibt l t io t l l n requ i rc he l f i veso f up t o a yearundcramb ien t o l l d i t i onsn so t t t e ases .csL t l t i ngn a necd oron "nhance.lbarrier fb I plast ics.The concli t iot 'tsouncl n l icluid itFtth'rrt tr ' lcartons. anl inatc pouchesor nrult i layeIbart ier bot i les \\ 'ele reccl l l l ) \ttldied(Rooney.2000) n col labor.at ion ith TNO FtxrdScicncean d NLrtri t ion Zeisl 'The Netherlands).ExperiI trcntuleondit ions r'cre cho\cn usitrg si lchetsot alamina tencJud ing l ryc r o f c thy lenc iny l a l coho l EVOH) wi th : r t r r '1 t c tmentalZERO2rr\t ayer on rhc nside uith an FiVOtl/polyethycD e lrrrnat. rscontrol). The test beveragewas orange r.riceand. in the cotlt lol prcks' (h et l issolvedoxygen concentrt t iotrclecrelscd rotu 8 ttl 0 ppnr. l t le k) rcr(t i( 'nwith the ascorbicacid (vitanrinC) . r.lr l onc nl(n'l lh t 25"C rnd 75 t lrrr lt J' CAt both tenrperatLrres.he ZF-RO2r\t latuinlte retrlrtvcd he ox1-rcn in lcssthan hree ay sanc l a l red he os \ o f t hc i t an l i n C o ! c f t hc t (n - rg ' )c l r i ' ( l r {

ACTIVE PACXACINC

one year.Browning wa s reducedby on e third after one year at 25'C. Us e oflower surtace-to olume rat ios ound in commercialpackswou)dbe expectedto result n more protect ionagainstoxidat ivedeteriorat ion.Alcoholic beverages, uc h as beer and white wine. ar e also susceptiblc orapid oxidat ive degradation.Using ZERO2T'NI aterials. helf l i te e,rtensionset at least 33% have been dernonstratedir r bag in box rvine rnd ruulri layerPET beer bottles.Cheesean d processedneats re exantplesol rclrigeratedfbods hat are norrnallypackaged rnder todified atrnosphcres.t is the hcadspaceoxygen lhat severely int i ts thc storage il l of thcsc proclucrs.Checsenormally requires he presence l carbon dioxiclcas well as an oxvgcn lcvelbe low l%. Resu l t s f packag ingn lanr ina tes i t h and w i t hoL t t TFROIINTlaycr suggest hat the comntorr spoilagenrouldscun bc inhibited conrpletelywi th l i t t l e or no carbond iox ide .S l i cedsmokedham can bc i nh ib i t ed ro rnd isco lour ing ndcr re f r i ge r l t ed ab ine t i gh t i ng cond i t i ons vhen he pack-ag ing ar r i na te caveogeshe n i t i u loxygcnconcen t la t i on l . : l? to Very o\ \l eveJs . eve lopment f ZEROIr\ r and con tpe t iug rocc \ ses re ai t red a tinhibit ing the widest range of oxygcl,rlediated l ixtd dcgladationplocesses.Exanrp l cs t ud iec l o a r i nd i ca te ha t s ( ) tDels t dcgr rdu t io r react ions an beaddtcssed l t hough herc are n to rech l l l cng ingcuses c t to be in rcs t i i : a ted(Rooney.2 (X)0 ) .

9. 3 Carbon dioxide scavengers/emittersThcrcare nanv ommcrc ia l ache tnd l t he l dcr ces h t t canbe usec l oei therscavenge r cmi t cn lbon c l i ox idc . - [ 'herse f c l rbon d iox i c le curcr r ; c . r ' srpar t i cu la r l y pp l i cab lei r l l l csh roas ted r g round o i f ees h l t p rodLrccignit icant volurnes ol carbon dioxicle. Flcsh loasteclor ground coll i 'cs clnnolbe let i unplckaged since thcv rvi l l absor.bnloistLrre nd uxygen l ld losedes i rab le o la t i l ea ron i l s and f l avours .Hower .e r . f co l l cc i s her rnc t i ca l J lsea ledn packsd i rec t l ya l i e r roas t i ng .hecarbon iox ide e leased il l bu i l c lup w i t h in hepacks ndevcn t r . ra l l yause hent1ob l r l s t Subrannr r i an t .99t i ) .To c i rcu rnven th i s p rob len t . wo so lu t i ons recur ten l l yuscd .Th e i rs l i s t ouse packag ingwi th patented ne-wayva lves1halwi l l a l l ow excess a fbond iox ide o escape . hc sccond o lu t i on s o usca carbon iox idcscavengerra duai act ion oxygen and carbon dioxidc scavengersystenl. A nrixture ol 'calciurl oxide and act ivrted charcoal ha s been used n polycthylcnc cofl i 'cpouches o scavenge arbon d iox ide bu t dua l , ac t i onoxygen and carbond iox idescavcngerache ts nd abe ls re norc o lumon nd ar ccor r r r t re rc ia l l lused1( ) r anned nd b i l pouched o t l ees n Japan nc l he USA (Dav. l9t l9:Anon . 1995 :Rooney.1995) . l hcsedua l -ac t i on ache ls nd abe ls l p i cal l l 'con ln in ron powder i r r sc rveng ing xygen .and ca lc i r r rn vd lox i c l c h i chscavcngcs a lbon d iox i c le vhen t i s convencd o ca lc iu l l ca lbon l r t c ldcr

289


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290 FOOD PACKACINC TECHNOLOGYsuffi.iently ig h hurridity condit ions (Rooney, 1995). Commercial ly avail-abledull-act ionoxygen and carbon dioxide scavengers re available tromJapaneseanufacturers. .g. Mitsubishi Cas Chemical Co- Lt d (AgelersIMrype E and Fresh LockrN{) and Toppan Print ing Co . Lt d (Freshil iTerrNrtypeC\').Crrbon ioxide emitt ing sachetan d label dcvices can either be trsedaloneor ccmbined ith an oxygenscavenger. n exampleof the tbrrner s the Veri-lraislrpackagehat hasbeenmanutactrtred y SARL Codimcr (Paris.France)an d rsrd or extending he shelf l i fe ol-l iesh nleatsand f ish. This itrnorattvepaclrge onsistsof a standardMAP tray btlt has a perfblated rlse bottorl lunder hich a porous sachctcot l tainingsodiurnbicarbonate/ascorbales pos-it ionld.When exudate rom I lodif ied atnlosphcre ackednreator l lsh ctt t t tuctsthe \ ,rchet 'sontents, arbondioxide s ent it tedand his antinicrobial ga sca nrepllcehe carbon dioxide already absolbedby the lresh fbod. so avoidingpactcol lapseRooney. 99 5 .

PicL ol lapse r the developmcnt f a palt ial vacuutncan also be a prol. t lct trI trr ,rodsackedwith an oxygen scavcngel. o overcott tc his problcrl l .dualact i fnoxygensciivenger'/carbonioxide cnl i t ter sachets nd labels have beendevtloped, hich absorb oxygen an d generatcarl cqual vt l l t t tne of carbondiorrde.hesesachcts nd abelsusuallycontain errouscarbonatc nd a nlct iLlhal iJc atalyst Jthough on lerlous variantsar.c vai lable.C-'otrt tucrcialnanufac tL re rsnc ludeMi t sub ish iGa s Chemica lC io . - t d (Agc lessrN l t ype i ) . tndMul:rsorbechnologiesnc. FreshpaxNrtype NI).The main bo dapplicat iortsorthes duulact ion oxygcn scavenger/calbon l ioxidecmitter sachcts nd lal.relshavebeen ith snack ind prodLrcts. .g. trutsan d spongccake's Nitito ctrrl . .l 99 l :Rooney. 995) ,

9. 4 EthylenescavengersEth r leneC.H. , ) s a p lan tg rowth egu la to r h i ch acce le ra teshe resp i ra l i onrate nd ubsequcntenescencel honicultural roducts uc has ruit . vegetablcsan d orvers. any of the eltects o1-ethylcne le necessary, .g. induct iooolf louering n pineapples.colour developnrcnt r' rcitrLls ruits. bananasan dtomrtoes,t imulat ionof root production n baby carrots and developnrent )tbittif lavour n bLrlkdeliveredcucumbers.bu t in most hort iculturalsituat ionsit i: i lesirableo removc ethylcne or to sLrppressts negativecl lects. Con-seqtenlly, ruch research has bccn undertaken to incorporate ethylenesca\.ngersnto t icsh produccpackagingan d storagcareas.Some of this ef lorthasmetw i thonrmerc ia l uccess . u t much o l i t hasno t (Abc les tu l . - 1992Rorner . 995 .T ib le .3 istssc lec l cd oml re rc ia l t h ) , l cnc ca \engc lsys tems. l l ec t i vcsys l rmr t i ) i sepo tuss iunr e r t nanganateKN' lno r ) mtnob i l i sed n . r r i r )c r t

291ACTIVIJPACKACINCT bl e 9.f, Selectedommercialelhylenecr\.r '!ersvstc rs

Sc! !cn l i c ' n rcenrn rsnr Packrging fotrnKN InO ,KM n{l IK M n O ,

Ai r Rct r i f Products nc . frSAI : lh) cn r Conrrol nc. IJSALxlcndrLi le S! \ tcrns LISAKes r iS l rx)ns S'-st.nr\ LlS, \Sckisui lu\hi -r( l JatJrnt lon\h Pntct -rd Jut ) rnMrsubishiaj rs .futrnChcnr i ! . r li) I r( lCh o Yrnr l l cuns S i rn Korcr( i ) . Ll dL!cn t i rsh ( ( r txr r l i ( r r trSAOdi r Shoi iCo. Lr(l j x t rnP I . l A K l i . shP ' ( ! i u r r sL l ( l A u \ l f l l i a

N/.\

Bi(, l' . .crr

t t l t , r c \ l )

L i \ . r L r( nBO I rl ' lPIi i N c\rl

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nr inera l ubs t ra te uchas a lunr ina , , r i l i c r g r ' l ; 4Mno, t ' t ' i d i . cs ,e thy leneoi i ce ra re nc l rh rno l nd in rhe proe . ' \ chJn !c \ c ' r l ( ' t r rl l l ' l t l " ' f . f l t f o h ro$nrnd hcncc nc l i ca test s renr l t i , r i nu' t h1 cnc re r ' t t ) - ! 1n1 ,rp ' r t i t v KMnO'based thy lene caven ! :e rsr " "u , r , j , , h l tit l

s ' r che t ' o ,he l l r ' ' cdn \ idc p I1 )d t l cepackages. r i ns i c l c lanke ts I tU t 'c \ hJ t e ' rnh ( l r l i t L rL l, l l l l l rd t l cc s to fagc$ ' a f c h o u s e sL a b u z a g r . " n " . t 9 8 ' ) ' A b e l e rl r r l l q t ) l : R " r r r t c r ' 9 9 - 5 ) 'Ac t i va ted l rbon buscdscaven lc r \ , , i t l l t " t , i . " ' ' l l l c t r l c i l l r l \ \ l \ c i l n ! 1 l s { )e l l ec r i ve l y cmove lhy lenc . hc l ' ] , 4 "e becnusc t l: t )S: : 'u , " l tq: , t l l ly l tn"t " 'n 'p [oducewarehous. .u, i , r . ,up, ' . " t . . l t r t r r : rche tsi ' l l ] . : l t i : : l l i r r t op rod t t ce 'packs or embeiJdcd nto papcr ba!\ (r r cr)rrLrlrirtsdP'-'1lt | : '\ : . : . l l 'r produces lo r gc . A dua l ac t ronethylene i . , t t ' r r -Terrnd r r r0 i \ l t r rc , ' l : - ' l t l , t i -n " t.0. : : l lrna rke tedn Japanby Sck isu iJu :h i l - i n l i t ! 'L l Nc t rP i r l t 'n ' ' " \ ' r cne ts on ta lnluct ivt i tcd arbon.a rrstal cataly-st"1,.1rt l terr!c l Jrrd,rre

l ',""n'lnlt scl!engrnge thy f cneas tvel l a s act ing u* , ' t " ' i ' t u t ' i rh \ . ' l h ( r {Abc lc \ t tu l ' 1992 'Rooney.1995) .

In recert ycafs.nLrnlerous redur pirckJsrn! i l"t l "il,:l l . :"h. l . l appelrcdIn t he rnarke t lacewh ich , r . r ] r r . . l "n th " lu r " l i t e L ' ! i l i t l ' : ) l ec a in l i ne l ygroLltd n] inerals o adsorb ethylcirc rrnLl 'r cIntt , irnt l lniet! 'hial-faFint iaredradiat ion.Ho*,ever. i t t le dir.cct vlJ. 'r)ce irr the\c eftcitr hrtvehcr'npLrbl ishedin peer reviewed scicnt i f ic journl ls Typical ly. the:: acl l lated-earth yp cnr ine r r l s nc lL rde lays .punr i ce . . ' ' l r t c ' . eo t r l . ' " l t ' l t l t ) ' ' l t l , t l . : ' Japar rescoya s ronc . hcse nr inc la l s r " . n l l re t l de t l u r b le r t t l e t l t l t . ' P t ) l - \ e thy leoe- i l l l lbags whrch are then Lrsed o prckir!( irc\h lt(\LlLr, . 'e!r1ut-1c]1r;rs o| sucnbag \c la i l nex tended he l l i l e 1 , , , , f , : sh n 'dLrecr r r l l l r l r t e o . t h ! ' rL j so rp t l on'e thy l cncby t hc t n inera l s i . pcr . J " r i t h i t t he 1 l' Thc L ' \ ' t L Ie r )cel l e red n


6/11

29 2 FOOD PACKACINC TECHNOLOCYsr,rppon i this claim is general lybasedon the extendedshelf i fe of produceand reductionof headspace thylene n mineral-f i l lcdbags n compansonwithcommon polyethylenebags. However. independent esearchha s shown thatth e ga s pernreabil i tyof mineral filled polyethylenebags s much Breatcran dconsequently thylene$ i l l di l l i rsc orn of lhcsc hags much aster.as s also hecase or commercial lyavai)ablcnricroperlorirte(li lnr bags. n addit ion.a morethvourableequil ibrium modit ieclatmosphere s Jikely o devekrpu ithin thesebagscomparedwith comrnonpolyethylcnebags. special ly f the produceha sa high respirat ion ate.Thercl irre. hescelfectscarr mprore prr)duct: helf it eun d recluccheadspacc thylcnc independetlt ly )t iut) ethvlenc d\or1t ion. Infact.almost an y porvderedminctal ciur col l ter such ettects $'i thout relyingon expensiveOy a stone or ()1herspecial i ty rl l inerals (Abeles (/a/.. 1992;Rooney, 995) .

9.5 Ethanol emittersTh e rse ie lhano l s n l n t j rn i c r rrb t r l- ! : c r ) l\ \ \ c l l doc t t lt e r t cd .t is p l i r t i c r r l a r l yet lect ive argainstroLrldbLrt n l lso inhibit the Srowth() f yeasts Lnd acteri .Ethanol can be sprayeddirect ly ento t irod products iustprior to packaging.Several reports have dernonslf ir led hal th e rrould lree shcl l l i fe of bakelvp roduc ls anbe s ign i [ i can t l y x t c r ) ( l edl i c rsp f i ry ' i ng i t h 9 -5% lh lDo l o gi |econcentrat ions 10.5-1.-5% r,r' l rvin the prodLrcts. o$cvcr. a rnorc [)r'act icl land salbl method ot generat ing thanol s th|ough he use of clharol cnrit t inlrf i lms and sache tsRooney. 995) .

Many upp l i ca t i ous f e tha lo l cn r i t t i ng l i l n rs l i n r l sache lsharc besnpa te r l t ed . r imar i l y by Japnne \cnranu l 'uc lu re rs .h t ' sc inc l r . rdc t h i caprN ' .An t imo ld 02rNrand eganrc ld r ( F reuudndust r i a l l o . . t d ) .O i t echr r rN ippor lKayakuCo. L td ) , ET PacktNr (Ueno c i yakLr l o . - t d ) nd Agc lcssrN ' t 1 ,pel-(Mi t sub ish iGas Chenr i cu lCo. I - t ( l ) .A l l o l t hese i l n rs n t l sachcrs onr r r labsorbe t l r encapsLr la t cdthano l n a ca f r i e r na te r i r lwh ich a l l o r rs he control led releaseof et l tanol vapour. Fol exanrple.EthicaprNrwhich is th e nrostcomrrercial lypopullr ethanolent it tcr n Jrpan.consistsof lbod-gradealcohol(55elr) nd water' I09i-)adsorbcdonto si l icr. ln ioxide pou,der 35 % and con-ta ined n a sache t rade f a prpcr i | d e th \ l V in l l acc ta t c EVA) cepo lyn re |laminate.To mask he odour ot ulcohol.sorrre achets ontain rlces of vanil iaor other f lavours.Th e sachets rc labelled )o t tot cq t (?rrlc,rl l an(l ncludc udiagram llustrat ing lt is warning.Othcr ethlnol enr t terssuchas NeglntouldrNrand A-ee lessrNr t ype .sEredu i l l - i l c t i on rahc ls h j ch scarense xygL . r ' ts l ve l lasemi te thano l apoLr rRooner .1995) .Th e size and capacitv ol th e ethanol-enl i t t ing lchet useddcpendson theweight ol 'fboci. th e o, , ol the l irod and rhc rlesiredshelf l i te requirccl.Whenfood s p lcked wi th an cthar ro l r l l i i ng s r rch r - t .ro i \ l L r res absorbe t l y t he

ACTIVE PACKACINC

lbod. an d erhanolvapour s releasedin d r-l i l f i rsesnto the pcckageheadspace.E(hanoi mitters re usedexlensivelyn Japan (rcxterld he moLrl,J-l leehell if col high rario cakesan d other high rnoisturebakery prodLrcts y up to 20007rlRooncy. 1995;Hebedl & Zobcl. 1996).Research as arlso horvn hat suchb kerv productspacked vith ethan{)l nri t t inesuchcts id not ct a\ hlrrdas heconlrol\ rn d resuliswerc hclt ! 'r hr)r)hose tsirt ,gll ] ()x_V!cncitveD!cr )l()l tL'toinhibitnroLrld ro$,th.Hence. thitntt l '1p1ll1;11,,q)ppear\ o c\en an lt(i-\ tal inge f tec t n add i t i o r r o r \ l Ln t i rou l t lp rope l t i cs . - thal to l I t i t t ing \achet \ a reI r l sou ' i de l yuscd n Ju l . r l no r ex te l i l i ng he shc l i I i te of scrn in ro i s t nd dr ' ) 't i shp lod t c t sRoor )c ) . ( )95) .

9.6 PreserYatiyereleasersRcccn t l ) . hcrch ls [ - rcen! : rea l I t c f c \ t i n hc po(en t r l l rs c l unt in] i ! l ( ]b iu ll tdln t i ox id n t packr - r i ngi l n rsuh ich hr rc p rcser ra t i re royrc r r i csi r r c r i t cn i l i ngthe she l t i l e o l a u ' i de i l ngc l f (x ) r l l od i rc t s . s \ \ i th o th r rca tegor ie \ l lc ti r t 'packrg in l . l l l rny p l l l en t s r i s t uDd s0n tc ; rn l ir r i c r i t h i l r lnd l rn t i r ' . r i dan tt i l t t ts l r r ' l t e t t n t l rkc t cd L t tl ten r r r j r r r i t ylr c ro l i r r ' l a j i cc lr r t co t r r r r rc rc ia l i r cc lbecause l d r rub t sbo t r t hc i rc l l cc t i rcncss .c r r r ron t i cl c to rsand /o r c l . t u l l l o f ) ,cons t ra iu t sRoone l .1995 .SoDtc orDr l re rc ia lrn l jD l i c rob i l i li l rnsaDt l ) l i l t c l i r l \h i r \ ( ]bccn n t t r ) r l uced .p r in ta t i l t n . l i t pan-Fot c ran tp l c .o r re v i t l c l t cPo l t cc ll ) r ( ) ( l uc ts i r \_\nthct icr i l vc r zeo l i t ewh ichha sbcen i l ce t l y ncorpo lu {ednk) i ) ( r ! l on l i l c t l ck i r r : i ngf i l n r . ' l hc purpose 1 he , /eo l i t e s . upparcn t l l ' .o u l l ou 's low re l c i l\ co l i i n l irn i c lob i l l i l r c r ons n to hc sur l rcc r l i ro r l rodLrc t s .I l t n lo ther l n the l i c ndn ; t ! u r l l l - r rcc tu l i ugl ) re \ ! ' r \ i r l i \ e \hu\c hr ' r r I t r rPosed r l r l / o l es t cd i r l i rn l i -t t t i c rob i r l er t i r i t f n p las t i c ndcd i l t l e i l r l s ( , \ r tou.199-1 :{ i x r l c } ' . 9 ( )5 :Wcn i lt t t l . . l r )91 Cray . ] (XX)1 .hcse nc lL r t l clgan ic c i c l s .. - r . rop ionr t c . cn , / ( )u tei rnd orb l l e . ac te r ioc ins ..g .n i s in . p i cc rd hdrb x tn l c1 \ .' .g . tonr o ren ta r r ' -c l r r res . o rsc l i r r l i sh .u r rs la rd .i r rna rnonrnd h ln t c ' . DZ \ l t c \ .c !. Dcr r l r i d t rsc .l ysozyr r retn dg lucos . 'ox idase .t rc ln t i ! rs l t cn t \ . .g . EDTi \ . i no lgan ic e i i l s .e .g .su lphr l c l i ox ide nd ch lo r i r rel i ox idc r )d n t i l ungr l agcn ts . . g . r ru t zu l i lrund enomyl .The n r t j o r p (J t c r l t i u li x )d app l i e i r l i onsir r . rn t i n t i c rob i l li l n rsiDc lL ldc r r ' i r t s .i sh .b re i r t l . heese .l r r i t a r r r l e l c t ; r t r l csF i l u rc 9 .1 l lU \ t r i l l cst l t e on t t o l l cde leasc f \ ( ) l r t i l ! ' c l t l i r I i 0el i t r r i c l ch l t h l s re ! c t \ 'ed Rr \S t i i lu \lbr l ixrd usr'in the US.\ (Gray. 10(10t.? \ r ) n te [ ! ' s t i ngornnrcrc ia l e \e ]opnrcn tn lhe UK i s l hc rcccn t rc lu : i rcrnarke t ing f t i rod con l l rc t ppro ru r l N ' l i c rob i rn i \ rN I i c ro l . l r r rn l c l l ) i l t i on i l l .Hun lc rs \l l c . USA) k i t chen h ) ( l ue t \ r rch r e l r r rpp in i . :rou r ( l s .i i sh l o th \ rn ( lh in bugsby J . Sr insbur ' ; l c .ThescNl i c robunrNrr (x luc t \ on t i l i r lr i c l o \an . 11i t n t i h i l c t c f i r ll ro r l r i l l i c h lo roorg lD iccoDlpoL | l ] ( | .v l r i ch s a l so rscd soups.sh lmpoos. ( ) t i ons .oo thp l rs lend Douth ushcs ( iod t l l r r r l .9 ( l 5a : l r r r i r ' soD-

293


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/ Ionic \\bondedehasT\,_-.,

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294 FOOD PACKACINC TE(:HNOLOCY

Microalrnosphirre"

F i g u r e9. 2 N l i ! r o r r n r o \ p h i ' t c r \h l , , r r n cL , , \ i d cc l l : u r i n !r r ( | n l . r j l r j . l h r l s fo r r \ \ 1 iTcchn{) l { )S icsne.. SA).

1997:Rub ins te i r r . 2 (X)0 t . , ' \ r t o thcrn te les t i ng c \e lo l ) r ) t e l ts 1hc nc , , rp111 ;11iq1no l me lh_ \ l s l l i cy l r tea \ \ n lh ( ' t i c c rs jono l w in rc rg recn i l ) i n lo Repc lKo l ! ' r r lpaperbo c l oxes y Ter rncco lckag ing [ -aLt ' o[cst . l l i no i s .L rS ) . N lc th ) . 1sa l i cy l l t ehas an t i r r i c l ob iu lI ) f opcr t i c \ . u t Rcpc lK(J teNris p l i n r r r r i l l . c i n r :nrarketeds il n insect epcl lct l tal ld i ts l l tairr irot l upplicit l ioDs rc clr cd l ixrt lswh icharcverysuscep t ib leo i r l scc l r l l cs ra l i onsBar las . 998) .Tw o in f ' l L rencesav cs l i t uL r la tedn te rcs tn (hc rse l an t i ox i t l a lt i r ck l r i . : i ngl i l n rs .The f i rsto f t hese \ l he coosun te r cn l i r ) ( l i ) r rcc luced n t i o r i da l l s nr lo ther rdd i l i \ esn f i ro t l s . hc sccend s hc in l c rc \ t r l p l i t s t i c l i rnu l . re l !r \ inus ing l (u r i l l pp r 'o rcc li ro r l r r t i 0x rd l rn t s ,' . { . ' i t l i t i n E l ( ) r '1 to l rt c r t x l ) i l i \ i l ( i ot li ns t ca t l f synthet ict t l r i o \ i d ln (s e 'vc lopedpcc i l i ca l l yo r p lasr rcsl i ( x )ne \ ' .199-5 ) .he po ten t ia l i) f cv rp ( ) r i l t i ve l i ! l i t t iono f an t iox i t l l rn l sn lo t i r rd r I n r r t rpacka- { i ngi lms has been r t ens i ve l y cscarchcdnd cor r rncrc ia l i scc ln !ontcins tances.or exan tp l c .hc ccrca l ndus t l y n t hc USA hasused h i suppro i rchto r lh e re lease f bLr t y l t r t e t lyd roxy 0 luc ' r reBHT) a0c l . rL r t y la t cdrd rox lanrso le BHA) l l n t i ox id i ) r ) t \l on t rva rcd pl1 . )c ri ncrs n to b f c i l k l i r \ t ( ' r c l lI t 'tdsnack food pl0drrcrs L_lrtrrrzir Brcer)e- 9i ' i ()).Recetrt l-vhl]rc ] l l \ bccnl l l t l ch n lc res tn t he u re o l ( l l oco l l hcro l r i t i t lD inE) i rs I i ab l c t l tcfn. l t i \c UBHT/ [ }HA- in rp rcgnaredac l , rg ingi lns (Neuer r r r l . 997) . hc 'L rser tp i rckag i l gl i l l t s i ncorpora t i ngatul t l l i t l rn i l E c lo con l i ' f bene f i t s o bo th i l n r nnnulac tL r re rsnd the ft t od 0dus l ry . hcrc h l vc bcen c lues t iOns| i sed regnrd ingBHT and BHA s sa l c t l . . nd hcnce us i l t g i l r r ) t i n E is u su l c r a l rc rnnr i r , - ' .Rcscarch ls sho t !nv i l i rD t i r r t o be s e l f ecr i \ c t s i n aDt iox i c laD lo t l t j )a red

cro,

ACT]VE PACKACINC

with BHT. BH A or othersyntheric olymerantioxidantsbr nhibit ingpackagingf i lrr dearadation uring f i lnr extrusionor blow moulding. Vitamin E is also asale and ef}'ect ive nt ioxidant br low to medium 4q cereal and snack t i)odproductswhere developrnenl l rancid odours an d flavouls is Otien he shelfl i le l imi t ed spo i l age lcchar ) i \ n rLabuza& Breenc. 9 l l 9 : Rooney. t )95 ;Newcor r ) . 997) .

9. 7 l\ loistureabsorbersExcessnloistLrfc s l nri t jor ctLrscol l i)od spoilagc.Soaking up ntoisturebyus ingvu l i ousabsubersor de \ i ccan t \ \ ve ry ef tcet i \c n ma in ta iu ing i r rdqua l i t yund cx t cnd i l l g he l l r l c by i nh ib i t i ng r i c r r rb ia l rowthand rn { r i \ l u rerc l l l ed dcgr i l d l t i ono l t ex l l r rc in J t l avour .Scrc r ; r leo r lpan ics , I 1 i t n ! t l il c lUreln()istule b\()l t )er\ n rhc lorrrr )l si tchets. at ls.sheels lt blt tnl.et\ Fol plrck-aSed l i cd t i x rdapp l i cu t i ons .cs i ccrn t s uc har s i l i cu! :e l . r l c i u tn r r i t l c ndact i ! a ted l rys nd n r ioe ra l \ lre lp i ca l l ! con t iL incdv i t h inTyvekr \ r [ )upon tChent i c r l s .Wi ln ing ton . [ )c luware .LJSA) ear es i s t i t n t e r r ] re i !b l c l l s t i csachcls.For dLral rcti()npl lrposcs. lresc siiclrets )rayals0 contit in lct lvl tedcarbon r ) r odoL l r dsorp l i on ) r i lon poudcr l i r r ox lgen \ c i l veng i l l g R icc .I t )9.1: oonev.199-5 ) .hc u \ r ' o l ! no i s tu rc rb ro lber chc t s s co r r rn tL ,nnJap l t t r .vh t ' rePr rpu la ri ro t l s e l t L r rc nur rbc ' r ) l d r i edPro( luc t s h rchnccd obe pr ( ) t ee te ( lr r rn r u r r i t l i t l ' c l irn t rgc .hc u \ c ( ) l n ro i \ (u rcbsorhe lsaehc lssa lsoc lu i t e onr r l on n t hc LTSA 'here he n r r j o r \ upp l i c rs nc lL rd ( ' l t r l t i ro rbTechn i r l o ! i cs nc . (BLr f l u lo .Nc w York) . [ Jn i t cd Des iccan t \ l -ou i rv i l l e .Ken tuckv) ndBa l t i n r (ne 'hc0r i c r l sBa l t i no rc . V lu r '1 land) .l rese ach. : tsrenot onl ) u t i l i sed OId l i edsnack ix rds nd ccrc r l \ bu ta l so i r r a $ i dc a r [ t v o l 'ph r l r r l cuu l i ca l . l cc l r i ca l ndc l cc t ron ic oods. n lhe UK. Mr rks & SpencerP lc h l r . e r rsc t l i l i cagc l -hasc t lnL ) j s tu rebsorbcri t chu ls i) rml in t l r i n r rg hecr i spncsrt l l i l ledc i r i ba l l u rc i r ( i { ) l l \ .

In addi t ion o mois tu re -absorber ' \ i l che tsi l hunr id i t y on t ro l n puck lgcddried t irods, several conpanics lnaoulacirrrenloi i ture drip absorbentpads.sheetsan d blankets irr l iquid u'aterconlrol in hi: lh rr, , i tods sLlch s ntelts.t i sh . pou l t ry . i u i t anc l cgc t l b les .Bas ica l l y . hev cons is t l lwo laycr \ o1 'a mic roporous on wovenp l r \ l i c l i l n r .suchas po ly 'e thy leneI po lyp rop) ' l ene .be t rveen l t i ch i s p lace 'd t s r rpcrabsorbcn to l yncr rvh i ch s capah leo l'l bsorb in r up t o -5 (X)i rnes t s our r se igh t w i t h wu te r T lp i c l J super rb ro rben lpo lvn rc I s nc lude po l ! i r c r t' l u (e n l l s .ca rbo \ \n re rhy I c l l L r l oseCNlCt an dsta rch r )po l }mcrsvh ichhavc l \ ( : r \ ' \ t rong l l i n i (y f i ) t w l l t c r .Moi \ tufc d r ipabsorberpads are cornrnonl\ ,l) lacedLrnclcr ackaged resh rnents. ir h lrrclpou l t r ) ' ) absorb ns igh t l y i ssu t 'd r i p xuda te . a | scr -shcc t snd hlankct \ feusecl ir l absoryrt ion l melted cc l irnr chi l led scaliroddLring air lrcight trans-por t r l i ( 'n . ) r ' i ) r con t ro l l i n ! r i l nsp i ra t i oo l ho r l i c l r l t u f il l f oduce R(xrney .

29-s


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296 FooDpACKAcrNcrEcHNoLocy199-5).Comrnercial moisture absorber sheets.blankets nn d trlys rnclucteToppanSheerrf 'rToppan prinring co . I_to, apani. tr;r; i ; ; . r", (. fhehrarirel,i.ti3li,,,.""") andFresh-R_pax,"M,,*;;il'i.;;,; r,,r:.. oLrglasvrile.Another approach br th e control ef exce\s. .noisturen high rr. , oocls s toIr:rcfr: rh e moisture n rh e vapoLrr hase. hi s approachall , i*. r lor. l ac\error even houscholderso decrerse he wateract ivi i l i on ,f,.-r,,rt . '-"of loods byeducing n-pack RF I This can be rjone by pracing r,,. - ,l,;r;; hurnecran(between wo layersol ! \ ,atcr clmeableplast ic itnt.-no, ^ "nrf i . . th eJirparlesecompanyShewaDenko Co . l_rrlhas.developeiJ

"pi. trir i, i i i , i r ' , "f , ichconsisrsof a Jayer of huf lectant crrhohydrate1,1,1U^rAff.n. gi)", , i ' r, r u ,.,.t A1.lY::",':t hycrsof pr,l; 'v111yalc-ohotpVOFI)r,,rri.r,i,,i. i.r,trrNritnr \, l rkefsd or hume u,,e n a roJlrishndourr,yr"; ;il,s"jf ';ill;ilil,lJ,lJ);,.,,11,:i;.:iiff;*1;ehydra tedy osruot ic rcssure ,esu l t inLn micKr l r ia lnh ib i t io r todshe l fl if 'eextcnsion l J-,1 rJays nderchil ledsror,,g. t_,,tr,,r.,&"Bltenc. t.JX9;[i::iin1li]!#::fi1,i;,,tli:it"ll;:n,j::fn.tll,:l :,,:l.i::eslccant n()rganic alts strch as sodiunt chlo[ icic hal.c b.,cn Lrsct l i t r. thcd is t r i bu r ion f romaroesn rhc (JsA 1Rooue1.g t i ) i. ; ,n, i , r , " , :"^ . n ,p t " ;.an rnnovative it lcbotrd bo x rvhich .uncl ionsts a hurniditv r,,tf-.,u, r t. urvnwt thou t e l y iogon a dcs ic t can tnser l . t cons is t s l an in t c i l ra l \ a l c r \ apoL l lbarrieron the inner surf icc ot - hc f ibrebolrd. ,, p,,;.; i,k;';;,;., i" r b,rn, l le,torhebarrier hich crs sa u.ick. ,n,tn unrr",,,lni".,, i rigf,ir'i"_]..frf" ",_arerap'!rf . Iaycr ncxt to th e fruit or rcgclatrlcs.This nrrl l t i_luYercirox isu b l e o t u l e u p u a t c r r r l r r . r i r r r rRH ,ir... i;;;;;.,;;"; l;:r,,, srateu,hel ' rh e renrper Lrfc roPsuD d hc,"r.o."0,..,,f,,,;i;;;i,,,',i:,;:j]]i.'ll:;:,jl.:".;lrn:,,l,lill,,liii;:1,:ll,:.Ioyce, 99. j ) .

9.8 Flavour/odorrradsorbersllt^.]l l:: ltt '"" ol packagin-uvith irrd llrrrours nt l rr.rrrashi]s i)ru bccD::::Sil*U. especirl ly hrorr-ehbe , nclcsirable.lr"ur,r'.,,)1rinl",,ticsirlbteoo dcomponents.or erxp,r.,1..he scalpingi " *,,r.i.r..,, ir i..pr,4r,,.,,,,n,esirablejmonc-nc:as beeridernon\tl l i tedltcr only two !\!_cks tomgc tl:::9,]:,pr.kt of orangeuicc (Roone),.99-5). -u,,,,,,1..i,, i i ,,..r 'u iervacrirl i:,: l.t-:"9. rechn;que\ ure lreerr rscd&) \ctccrrvcly cnro!e undesirablcqv ! , u r i l l r (JJ | l l \ . t ]UI r r . tn l o te r r t i a lppor tu I l i t i csx i s t . \l l cxa rup le l s r . rchn oppor luB i t ys th c de t ) i t (e r i ngt p i l s t cu r rsedru ge .1u ices .0nrc ar rc r res:t_::-S. sLrch s Navel. rre plrrici lal ly p,,,n.,,, iu*, l , i r i , ; , . , ; r '.", , ."u nurmonrn.a tctrarcrpcnoidr.hich s l iberarecin, u ti," .; u..:"ti", ;;;;;,;: ';;;.,,:,;,i

ACTTVEPACKACING 29.7an d subscquent asteurisi l t ion. rmesseshave been.deyelopdbr debit teringsuch uices by passing henr rhroughcolumns of cel lulose riucerateo. nylc,n3:19:. ,*, , :".{. I 995).A possibte ct ivepackaging oturion ,ouiJbe o irrctudel rmonrnadsorberse.g.ce l l u )ojuice packa!iDgnr"i.ri l . - '" '"t t" trracetate r acet)' latcdpitper) nt o orangeTw o ty,pesOf lajnt\ anrenable ) rent()\ .alry . rct ire plck|ging .ire af l l toc;,which ar e irrmed fion thc b.e:rkdown ri r;st nr, , , ,clc ic,;;;:: ';,a at i iehlt lrswhtch are fornred nrnr lh e i luro exidi ir ion ,t . t"1. au,t,,rli.,lU.1, i .urunr ,,t.lir Ig vdat i lc a rn ines . uc h as t r i n rc rhy lamine .. r , , r ia t .d . . - r , i , ' f , ' f , .nr . . , , . inbrerkt lo*,n ar.e lkrl inc arrdcr n lre ncirrru] isc


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100 FOOD PACKACINC TECHNOLOCY9.1I ConclusionsActive packaging s an emergingand excit ing areaof tbod technology hlt ca nconfer many preservat ion enefitson a wide rangeof tbod prodlrcts.Act ivepackaging s a technologydevelopinga ne\4,trust ecause f recentadvaDcesin packaging.material science.biotechnologyan d new censunrerderrands.Th e object iver.)f this tcchnolo8y are to maintain sensor,"'uality an d extentjth e she l f it eo f t bodswhi ls l at thc \ i rnrc inr e r : r in t r in in! : t r t l i t i , ,nal ual i t lan densuringmicrobialsatet! '.

Oxygen scavengersare bl fa r the most cotnntcrcial ly important \u bcategoryof act ivepackagingantl he rrarket hasbeengrowing steadily il r th elast en years. t is predictcd hat he rcccnt ntroduct ionol oxygen seuven.l iogf l lms an dbo l l l e capswi l l f u r t he lhe lp o st i r ru late he marke t n f u tu rcyearsan d he r )n i tcos t sof oxygenscarc 'ng ingechno lo ! : y il l drop. Other c l i l cpackaging cchnoloeie\ are also ;ucdicted lo bc us+ed nrore in the l irturc-.par t i cu la r l ) .u rbon iox idesc l l ! 'engcrsnd en l it t c t s . l o i \ t u reabs( r rhcr \ ndtemperatu[e ontrol packaging.Fooclsalety atrd rclul i t tory issues n thc EUare ikely to restrict he us eol c. 'rtainprcscrvat i !e eleascrs nd l l !our/oi louradsorber ct ivepackaging echrologies.Nevertheless.he Lrse 1 acl ivc packag ing s becorn ingncrcas ing ly ropu la r nc l nan t r )ew oppo t t t rn i ti esn th efbod and non-f ixrd ndust l icswil l open up ti)r ut i l i \iDg lhis tcch|olo{y in th eIutLtre.

ReferencesAbeles. .8.. Nfrrg.rn. \\ '. x Id Sr l r \ t | r . l \ l l : \ l t)t))t Lt l t \ l . t t t I ' t ' t , r l t i t l t ) r \ . - \enr l . r r r ! l c ' \LrLl .L o n d o n .l KA h\en n L ' n .R , L n ( l u r n r . . . ( l ( ) t ) ] )A . r r \ ( . r r ( l n r ! r l| r e L i r : " r r :,! r r r e L t i n gor r r r r c r L l e) : , r \ l \ , ) tq u a l ' r ! r n ( f. r l c r \ La \1 , \ , h l t r t \ t , | \ , r a r r , r , r \ . J. 7 5i ? r r jA non l q q l l f r c s h p r ( d u e cskcen. r . r ! . ( i n l r ( ' r \ t o r r ! c r ) , , , , , . t n r ( l , 1 ( . I l ) ( l I r . 0 .Anon ( 1995)S.ir\cnScr ( ' lur i ( r r .1r d( , r ! \( ,1r. )cecrrher.1'r . ). (rA non ( 1 9 9 5 )P u r : u i l l l r c s h n c s sf c r ( r \ | i L e l i r g i n g| t J o n u n i r i t ' . . / , r r i , . r .P , t u t d , r , r q . , 1 , l l .I 4 I 5A non 1 9 9 6 ) O d o u rl l c r .P d( t , r q r r ! \ ! 1 , , A l |S I . r . ( l n .A non(1996)O\ \S cn b s o r h i n :f r c k n s l n s r r r e l snc r rn r i r r l c l d f l ) u r s .P , k l d . ( r / r r l / , d f t ' ( i , ' \ i / / ) / ) 1 , ',kar r .J inui r r \ l rd . P i rek: in! Sl.rrrgrc\ 'r. . . \ 'csrChr\r.r. P . l SA.A non(1997)Lrhr l shc l pcookcdnr . r r \ r , , t . ( r r r h t i r eo I I r r, , t , , l r r r l 1 . . ( . 12{10) . 1 .A non( l 997 j T1r i nS \S c(ho t t i ) r . ( ! r l r l r ( j (h . ) ( , i r / 1 r (1 , , ( n r ! . \ , , , , i r l i cd r i . .Rrrhs.S I 1) ( ) l i Jr ! l i r . rersctt ns.(t\ \ tot, t , rL! ! in! .' / , ,rt , , .1/r( 11,,,/(1.5(6).1.B er r s . .D . !d | \ 1 9 9 6 tCut ( o l t ' t I , , . t t , " t l r . l t t , u l t u t u t r , ' j \ l r uundt k l i \ l t \ t i l t r t l r ' i ' , \ , l r t ,P a r k d r d ( h i l l l l l u \ l t \ l t h P r l ^ r l t u t u \ t t l ! t t , 1 t , ,R t \A \ . 1 nu l i \ , t . Cu i dc l i r e , , l l( l . r t t tpdcn& Chor lc\$( ,o( l roodRc\!.rr.h A.s(,.ruion .Chrpt ) in! r rnrpdcn.Clos. trKClsl le.D ( 1996)Pol )nr$ r ( l \ nel ] l ( rbl .s shr l l - l i tc .P.r( d


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302 FOOD PACKACINC TECHNOLOCYSubr. rnr rni rnr . J- ( lS913)Driry frx)ds.nrul r i - .onr lor r 'ntp( )ducts dr ied l i )ods{n d h'!er { ! ' r \ ' inPr i

materi food packaging technology

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