P1 Matching: Westward Expansion Vocabulary Match the vocabulary word to the correct definition and illustration. Be prepared to justify your choices.

8a Vocabulary ___1. Louisiana Purchase ___2. Republic ___3. Territory ___4. Expedition ___5. Treaty ___6. Manifest Destiny

8a Definitions

A. Large piece of land

B. A policy of expansion is necessary

C. An exploration of the unknown

D. Thomas Jefferson bought this land from

France

E. A contract negotiating peace between two

nations

F. An independent country

My Own Notes

8b Vocabulary ___7. Ca. Gold Rush ___8. Oregon Trail ___9. Santa Fe Trail

8b Definitions

G. When this mineral was found in 1849, a large

number of settlers moved her to get rich quick

H. A path made by trappers moving northwest from

St. Louis Missouri

I. A path made by trappers moving Southwest

from St. Louis Missouri

8c Vocabulary ___10. Reaper ___11. Productivity

___12. Cotton gin

___13. Locomotive

___14. Steam Boat

___15. entrepreneur

8c Definitions

J. Invention used to clean seeds from cotton

K. Invention made to harvest wheat, but was later

used to harvest most crops

L. Invention using a steam engine that that made

land travel faster

M. The number of plants harvested

N. Invention using a steam engine that made water

travel faster

R. A person who organizes, operates, and assumes

the risk for a business venture.

8d Vocabulary

___16. Abolition

___17. Suffrage

___18. Reform

8d Definitions

O. Movement of people who were against slavery

P. Movement of people who thought women should

have equal rights and opportunities

Q. Change

P. 3

Eye-Opener 10

Harriet Tubman Postcard

What did you learn about Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad in elementary school? Write Harriet a postcard outlining what you would do for the

cause of slavery.

Dear Harriet Postcard

1860 Dear Harriet,

Respectfully,

TO: Harriet Tubman

AKA: The Conductor From: An Abolitionist

P. 7

PG 8 Westward Expansion Territories

I. Match and color code the territories to the correct number on the map. ___A. The Original United States ___B. Texas Annexation ___C. Oregon Territory ___D. California Cession ___E. Florida ___F. Louisiana Purchase

II. Research to match how the United States acquired each of the numbered territories above.

___G. This territory did not belong to anyone. Great

Britain and the United States claimed it at the

same time. To avoid another war, the British

decided to split it with us.

___H. After winning their independence from Mexico,

This territory asked permission to become part of

The United States.

___I. Won after a war with Mexico.

___J. Given to the US by Spain in a treaty because they

could not control the Seminole Indians from

attacking citizens in Georgia.

___K. Won from England/Great Britain after winning

the American Revolution.

___L. Thomas Jefferson purchased this territory from

France (Napoleon). It nearly doubled the size of

the United States.

1

2

3

4

5

6

P. 11 Moving West

1. How did the population of

eastern states influence the

westward movement of settlers?

2. What was readily available in

the western territories that was

difficult to find in the east?

_3. What economic

opportunities influenced

westward movement of settlers?

_4. What improvements in

transportation made it cheaper

and faster to travel?

_5. Explain the significance of

the Oregon and Santa Fe Trails.

What is “Manifest Destiny”?

P. 12 Westward Expansion Inventions

What is the difference between an entrepreneur and an inventor?

Which of the people listed on 8c would be considered entrepreneurs?

Which would be considered inventors?

P. 13

P. 14

P. 15

P. 16 Abolitionist/Suffragist Organizer

Match the leaders to their descriptions:

Abolitionists

___1. Harriet Tubman

___2. William Lloyd

Garrison

___3. Frederick Douglass

A. wrote the Liberator newspaper and

worked for the immediate emancipation

of all enslaved African Americans

B. led hundreds of enslaved African

Americans to freedom along the

Underground Railroad

C. wrote the North Star newspaper and

worked for rights for African Americans

and women to better their lives

Suffragists

___1. Isabelle

(Sojourner) Truth

___2. Susan B. Anthony

___3. Elizabeth Cady

Stanton

A. played a leadership role in the women’s

rights movement

B. a former enslaved African American/was

a

nationally known advocate for equality

and

justice

C. an advocate to gain voting rights for

women and equal rights for all

P. 17

P.18 8d Quiz Open Notebook Quiz Directions: Use the photo below to answer

question 1-2.

1. Which of the following statements would be the best slogan for the woman’s suffrage poster? A. Equality For Women! B. Manifest Destiny! C. Segregation Now! Segregation Forever D. Missouri must be a Free State!

2. Which key individual would have been the least likely to have created this photo? A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton B. Isabel Sojourner Truth C. Harriet Tubman D. Susan B. Anthony

3. Who authored the Liberator and fought against slavery by calling for the “immediate and complete emancipation” of enslaved people? A. Benjamin Lundy C. Frederick Douglas B. William Lloyd Garrison D. David Walker

4. People who opposed slavery were called — A. abolitionists. B. carpetbaggers. C. Loyalists. D. Patriots.

Directions: Use the advertisement to answer question 5.

5. What was the subject of Susan B. Anthony’s lecture? A. the struggles she faced in life B. gaining voting rights for women and equal rights for all C. advocating the ideas in the North Star about rights for African Americans D. the Civil War battlefield was no place for a woman

Directions: Use the information in the box to answer question 6. Abolitionist Movement Suffrage Movement

Morally wrong Cruel and inhumane A violation of the principles of

democracy

Denied the right to vote. Denied educational opportunities. Denied equal career opportunities. Rights to own property were

limited.

6. What did both movements have in common? A. Supporters believed rights were being denied. B. Supporters believed the people couldn’t fight for themselves. C. Supporters believed both groups were treated fairly. D. The movements had nothing in common.

7. Which abolitionist escaped from slavery and worked for women’s rights? A. Susan B. Anthony C. Isabel Sojourner Truth B. Elizabeth Cady Stanton D. Harriet Tubman

8. What title is given to people who fought for the women’s rights movement? A. abolitionists B. slaves C. women D. Suffragists

9. Supporters of suffrage believed that-- A. men and women were not equal B. the slaves had suffered enough C. women were deprived of basic rights D. slaves should be kept on the plantations

10. Which of the following purchased his freedom from his slaveholder and later published an abolitionist newspaper called The North Star? A. William Lloyd Garrison B. Eli Whitney C. Frederick Douglas D. Horace Mann

P.19 8c Assessment Open Notebook Quiz

1. Why was the invention of the cotton gin considered important to cotton growers? A. Farmers didn’t need as much land. B. Cotton fabric became more expensive. C. It meant fewer slaves were needed to grow cotton. D. It increased the production of cotton.

2. Which invention was first used to harvest wheat, but was later used for most land crops? A. McCormick reaper C. cotton gin B. spinning ginny D. steam engine

Directions: Use the database to answer question 3.

Inventor Invention Impact

Eli Whitney Gin Farming

Robert Fulton Steamboat Transportation

Cyrus

McCormick

Reaper Farming

Peter Cooper Locomotive Transportation

3. How are the gin and the reaper similar? A. They both ran by steam. B. They both impacted transportation. C. They both impacted farming. D. They were invented by women.

4. Which of the following is considered an entrepreneur? A. Cyrus McCormick C. Eli Whitney B. Jo Anderson D. Thomas Jefferson

Directions: Use the newspaper headline to answer question 5.

5. This headline would have been most important to which of the following? A. reaper B. cotton gin C. locomotive D. telegraph

6. The cotton gin-- A. was invented by Robert Fulton. B. provided faster land transportation. C. increased the need for slaves to cultivate and pick cotton. D. provided faster water transportation.

7. The steamboat-- A. was never really used much on the rivers of the country. B. was not as fast as most sail boats. C. was invented by Robert T. Jones. D. helped connect the Southern plantations to Northern industries.

DIRECTIONS: Read the excerpt from a letter by Martin Van Buren,

then Governor of New York, to the President of the United States to

answer question 8.

"The canal system of this country is being threatened by a

new form of transportation known as 'railroads'.... As you

may well know, Mr. President, 'railroad' carriages are pulled

at the enormous speed of 15 miles per hour by 'engines'

which, in addition to endangering the life and limb of

passengers, roar and snort their way through the

countryside, setting fire to crops, scaring the livestock and

frightening women and children. The Almighty certainly

never intended that people should travel at such breakneck

speed." 8. The steam locomotive-- A. provided faster water transportation. B. provided faster land transportation. C. increased productivity of the American farmer. D. caused travel by land and sea to slow.

9. Choose the BEST title for list below.

Former Slave

Blacksmith

Inventor of the reaper

A. Jo Anderson…Time to Harvest B. Robert Fulton…No Rowing Necessary C. Eli Whitney…Cotton, Cotton Everywhere D. Peter Cooper…Choo..Choo 10. What benefits did the reaper have on the American people? A. connected Southern plantations to Northern industries. B. provided faster land transportation of harvested crops. C. increased the productivity of farmers. D. decreased production and lessened the need for slave labor.

Steam Engine — Miracle Invention!

P.20 8b Assessment: Open Notebook Quiz Directions: Use the following statement to answer question

1.

1. The idea for this “grand plan” was called —

A. The Articles of Confederation

B. Manifest Destiny

C. The Monroe Doctrine

D. The Louisiana Purchase

2. Which of the following factors did NOT influence

westward expansion?

A. There were no American Indians to attack settlers.

B. The population in the eastern states had grown.

C. Cheap, fertile land was available.

D. Runaway slaves could be free in the new territories.

3. How did rivers and canals help the United States to grow?

A. They drove industry to the South and West.

B. They closed the frontier to development.

C. They made it easier to transport goods, people, and services.

D. They reduced crowding in the cities.

4. The Oregon Trail could best be described as a —

A. route taken by settlers who traveled to the northwest in the

1840s.

B. route on the Underground Railroad.

C. path taken by Native Americans west in the 1800s.

D. route taken by settlers who traveled to the southwest in the

1840s.

5. The Santa fe Trail could best be described as a —

A. route taken by settlers who traveled to the northwest in the

1840s.

B. route on the Underground Railroad.

C. path taken by American Indians west in the 1800s.

D. route taken by settlers who traveled to the southwest in the

1840s.

6. Which of the following was NOT an economic reason for

going westward?

A. loggers

B. farmers

C. runaway slaves

D. Oregon Gold Rush

Directions: Use the chart to answer question 7 and 8.

Population in Cities Along the Erie Canal from 1810-1860

1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860

Albany 10,762 12,630 24,209 33,721 50,763 62,367

Rochester 9.207 20,191 36,403 48,235

Buffalo 8,668 18,213 42,261 81,129

7. What can be inferred about the Erie Canal?

A. It increased transportation of people and goods to the cities

near it.

B. It had a negative impact on the cities near it.

C. People didn’t want to be anywhere near it.

D. It had no impact on the cities.

8. Which city showed the greatest growth in population?

A. Albany

B. Rochester

C. Buffalo

D. The Chart does not give this information.

John C. Fremont, his wife Jessie, and her father,

Thomas Hart Benton, were eager expansionists – people

who believed that their country’s prosperity depended on

enlarging its territory. They dreamed of a United States

with borders stretching from coast to coast.

P.21

9. What motivated miners to move westward?

A. free land

B. the California Gold Rush

C. wagon trains

D. the government

Directions: Read the following excerpt from a primary source

journal entry to answer question 10.

10. How did Mary and her family arrive in New Mexico?

A. They walked the Trail of Tears.

B. They came by steamboat and the railroad.

C. They traveled the Santa Fe Trail in a wagon.

D. They traveled with Sacagawea in a wagon.

“The Government wagon train we came to New Mexico

in had about one hundred wagons in it. Of this number four

belonged to my family. I was five years old and my brother was

about one year old. My grandfather and my father sold their

farms in West Fort, Missouri. We brought all our supplies

along with us. We had our flour in barrels, our own meat, lard

and sugar. We were not allowed to stop and hunt buffalo on the

way out here on account of the Indians. When we stopped at

night the wagons with families were put into a circle and the

Government wagons would form a circle around the family

wagons. In between the two circles they put the oxen and

horses, to keep the Indians from getting them. Every night the

men took turns standing guard”.

- Mary Searcy

P.22 8a Assessment: Open Notebook Quiz 1. What is NOT true about the Louisiana Purchase?

A. Jefferson bought it.

B. Doubled the size of the U.S.

C. Acquired through a treaty.

D. Explored by Lewis and Clark.

2. Which territory was added after becoming an independent

republic?

A. Texas B. Florida C. Oregon D. California

3. Who were the first Americans to see what would later

become the western part of the country to the Pacific

Ocean?

A. Thomas Jefferson C. Lewis and Clark

B. Stonewall Jackson D. King of France

4. To which territory does this headline refer?

U.S Wins War with Mexico!

A. Florida B. Louisiana C. Oregon D. California

DIRECTIONS: Use the time line to answer questions 5 and

6.

|

|}1848 Mexican Cession

|

|}1845Texas Annexation

|

|

|}1819 Florida Treaty

|

|}1803 Louisiana Purchase

|

5. Where would the addition of the Oregon Territory fall on

the time line?

A. between the Texas Annexation and the Mexican Cession

B. between the Louisiana Purchase and the Florida Purchase

C. after the Mexican Cession

D. before the Texas Annexation

6. When did we gain Texas?

A. before we gained Florida

B. after we gained Louisiana

C. after we gained California

D. The time line does not show it.

7. How did the U.S gain the Oregon Territory?

A. Lewis and Clark discovered it while exploring for Thomas

Jefferson.

B. It was part of unclaimed territory we agreed to split with

Great

Britain.

C. Stonewall Jackson claimed it after fighting the Seminole

Indians.

D. It was part of the land we won after the American

Revolution.

Directions: Use the map below to answer questions 8-10.

V

IV

VI

I

III

II

8. Which number on the map identifies the location of the

Louisiana Purchase?

A. I B. IV C. V D. VI

9. Which territory was divided by the United States and

Great

Britain?

A. I B. IV C. V D. VI

10. Which territory did the United States acquire from Spain

through a treaty?

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

P. 24 Westward Expansion Writing Prompts: It will be graded as a writing grade. Choose one of the following essay choices.

You are speaking before Congress to explain how we acquired all the land “from sea to shining sea.” Be sure to emphasize

in your speech how we gained the Louisiana Purchase, Florida, Texas, Oregon, and California.

What would be the benefits of moving west? How would settlers hope to make a living?

You are a settler moving west during the 1800s. Write a letter to one of the inventors (Whitney, Anderson, McCormick,

Fulton, Cooper) explaining how their invention was useful to you either during or after your move.

What did the suffrage movement gain for women? Did women lose anything by the suffrage movement?

If you had been an abolitionist, how could you have worked to end slavery?

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P 25 Westward Expansion Exit Passes

Exit Pass 1 Diary Entry: Which one of the territories would you have preferred to visit? Why? How did we acquire it?

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EXIT PASS 2: From the perspectives given (Settler/Runaway Slave), which had the most to gain by leaving the east to move to the

west. Be sure to justify your opinion with research. Discuss with students that this is Black History Month. African Americans

involved in the time period we are studying will be emphasized.

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P34

Exit Pass 3 Which invention had the most influence on the time period 1801-1861? Give reasons to justify your opinion.

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Review on Westward Expansion

USI.8a territorial acquisition __1. Texas __2. Oregon __3. California __4. Florida __5. Louisiana Purchase

a. Given to the U.S. by Spain in a treaty b. Jefferson bought it from France and it doubled the size of the U.S. c. It was added to the U.S. after it became an independent republic. d. Won after War with Mexico e. It was divided by the U.S. and Great Britain

USI.8b Geographic and economic factors that influenced Westward Expansion __6. What are some examples of economic opportunity that influenced westward expansion? __7. It is the belief that expansion was for the good of the country and was the right of the country __8. Knowledge of overland trails __9.What are some examples of cheaper and faster transportation that influenced people moving west? __10. What are some other reasons people moved westward?

f. Population growth in the eastern states and availability of cheap, fertile land

g. Oregon and Santa Fe trails h. Steam boat, steam locomotive, Erie

Canal i. Gold, California Gold Rush, logging,

freedom for runaway slaves, farming j. Manifest Destiny

USI.8c New technologies and their impact on society __11. A person who is the first to think of or make something. __12. A person who organizes resources to bring a new or better good or service to market in hopes of earning a profit. __13. It provided faster land transportation. __14. It was improved by the entrepreneur Robert Fulton and provided faster river transportation connecting Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries and western territories. __15. It was invented by Jo Anderson (a slave) and entrepreneur Cyrus McCormick and increased the productivity of the American farmer. __16. It was invented by Eli Whitney and increased the production of cotton and thus increased the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton.

k. Reaper l. Steamboat m. Steam

locomotive n. Cotton gin o. Inventor p. entrepreneur

USI.8d Abolitionist and Suffragist Movement __17. Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong and ____. __18. This person was a former enslaved African American and was a nationally known advocate for equality and justice. __19. This person led hundreds of enslaved African Americans to freedom along the Underground Railroad. __20. This person wrote the Liberator Newspaper and worked for the immediate emancipation of all enslaved African Americans. __21. This person wrote the North Star Newspaper and worked for the rights for African Americans and women to better their lives. __22. This person was an advocate to gain voting rights for women and equal rights for all. __23. This person played a leadership role in the women’s rights movement. __24. Supporters declared that “All Men and Women are created equal.” __25. Suffragists felt that women were deprived of basic rights such as:_______.

q. Morally wrong, cruel and inhumane, a violation of the principles of democracy

r. Denied the right to vote, denied equal opportunities in business and education, limited in the rights to own property

s. Women’s suffrage movement t. Harriet Tubman u. William Lloyd Garrison v. Frederick Douglass w. Isabella (Sojourner) Truth x. Susan B. Anthony y. Elizabeth Cady Stanton

P 41 8a New territories added to the United

States after 1801

Louisiana Purchase

– Jefferson bought land from France

(the Louisiana Purchase), which

doubled the size of the United States.

– In the Lewis and Clark expedition,

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark

explored the Louisiana Purchase and

the Oregon Territory from the

Mississippi River to the Pacific

Ocean.

Florida

– Spain gave Florida to the United

States through a treaty.

Texas

– Texas was added to the United States

after it became an independent

republic.

Oregon

– The Oregon Territory was divided by

the United States and Great Britain.

California

War with Mexico resulted in California

and the southwest territory becoming

part of the United States.

8b Geographic

and economic

factors that

influenced

westward

movement

Population

growth in the

eastern states

Availability

of cheap,

fertile land

Economic

opportunity,

e.g., gold

(California

Gold Rush),

logging,

farming,

freedom (for

runaway

slaves)

Cheaper and

faster

transportation,

e.g., rivers

and canals

(Erie Canal),

steamboats

Knowledge of

overland trails

(Oregon and

Santa Fe)

Belief in the

right of

“Manifest

Destiny”—the

idea that

expansion

was for the

good of the

country and

was the right

of the country

8c Impact on the American Indians

The discovery of gold on American Indian land in the

southern United States eventually led to the removal of the

Cherokee Indians in Georgia (1828).

American Indian Removal Act (1830) authorized the federal

government to negotiate treaties with eastern tribes

exchanging their lands for land in the West

Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia- Supreme Court Decision

(1831) upheld the Cherokee rights to their land

“Trail of Tears” (1839)- As part of the American Indian

removal policy, the Cherokee nation and other tribes were

forced to give up their lands east of the Mississippi River and

to relocate to an area in present-day Oklahoma

P42

8d Terms to know

inventor: A person who is the first to think of or make

something

entrepreneur: A person who organizes resources to bring a

new or better good or service to market in hopes of

earning a profit

New technologies and their impact on society

The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney. It

increased the production of cotton and thus increased

the need for slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton.

Jo Anderson (an enslaved African American) and Cyrus

McCormick worked to invent the reaper. McCormick

was an entrepreneur who brought the reaper to market.

The reaper increased the productivity of the American

farmer.

The steamboat was improved by the entrepreneur

Robert Fulton. It eventually provided faster river

transportation connecting Southern plantations and

farms to Northern industries and Western territories.

The steam locomotive provided faster land

transportation.

8e Abolitionist movement

Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of the slaves.

Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong.

– Morally wrong

– Cruel and inhumane

– A violation of the principles of democracy

Abolitionist leaders included both men and women.

– Harriet Tubman led hundreds of enslaved African Americans to

freedom along the Underground Railroad.

– William Lloyd Garrison wrote the Liberator newspaper and worked

for the immediate emancipation of all enslaved African Americans.

– Frederick Douglass wrote the North Star newspaper and worked for

rights for African Americans and women to better their lives.

Women’s suffrage movement

Seneca Falls Convention

In the Declaration of Sentiments, supporters declared that “All men and

women are created equal.”

Supporters believed that women were deprived of basic rights:

– Denied the right to vote

– Denied educational opportunities, especially higher education

– Denied equal opportunities in business

– Limited in the right to own property

The movement was led by strong women who began their campaign

before the Civil War and continued after the war had ended.

– Isabella (Sojourner) Truth, a former enslaved African American, was

a nationally known advocate for equality and justice.

– Susan B. Anthony was an advocate to gain voting rights for women

and equal rights for all.

- Elizabeth Cady Stanton played a leadership role in the women’s

rights movement.