MaseratiThis article is about the Italian automobile manufacturer.For other uses, see Maserati (disambiguation).Maserati (Italian pronunciation: [mazerati]) is an Italianluxurycar manufacturer establishedonDecember 1,1914, in Bologna.[3]The Maserati tagline is Luxury,sports and style cast in exclusive cars,[4] and the brandsmission statement is to Build ultra-luxury performanceautomobiles withtimeless Italianstyle, accommodat-ing bespoke interiors, and eortless, signature soundingpower.[5]The companys headquarters are now in Modena, and itsemblem is a trident. It has been owned by the Italiancar giant Fiat S.p.A. since 1993. Maserati was initiallyassociated with Ferrari S.p.A., which is also owned byFiat, but more recently it has become part of the sportscar group including Alfa Romeo and Abarth (see sec-tion below). In May 2014, due to ambitious plans andproduct launches, Maserati sold a record of over 3,000cars. This caused them to increase production of theQuattroporte andGhibli models.[6]Inaddition totheGhibli and Quattroporte, Maserati oers the MaseratiGranTurismo, theGranTurismoConvertible, andhasconrmed that it will be oering the Maserati Levante,the rst Maserati SUV, in 2015, and the Maserati Aleri,a new 2+2 in 2016.[7] Maserati is placing a productionoutput cap at 75,000 vehicles globally.[8]1 History1.1 The Maserati brothersSee also: Maserati BrothersThe Maserati brothers, Aleri, Bindo, Carlo, Ettore, andErnesto were all involved with automobiles from the be-ginning of the 20th century. Aleri, Bindo and Ernestobuilt 2-litre Grand Prix cars for Diatto. In 1926, Di-atto suspended the production of race cars, leading tothe creation of the rst Maserati and the founding of theMaserati marque. One of the rst Maseratis, driven byAleri, won the 1926 Targa Florio. Maserati began mak-ing race cars with 4, 6, 8 and 16 cylinders (two straight-eights mounted parallel to one another).The trident logo of the Maserati car company is based onthe Fountain of Neptune in Bologna's Piazza Maggiore.In 1920 one of the Maserati brothers, artist Mario, usedthis symbol in the logo at the suggestion of family friendEttore, Bindo, Ernesto and Aleri MaseratiPiazza Maggiore's Neptune and his tridentMarquis Diego de Sterlich. It was considered particularlyappropriate for the sports car company due to fact thatNeptune represents strength and vigour; additionally thestatue is a characteristic symbol of the companys originalhome city.[9]Aleri Maserati died in 1932, but three other brothers,Bindo, Ernesto and Ettore, kept the rm going, building12 1 HISTORYcars that won races.1.2 Orsi ownershipIn 1937, the remaining Maserati brothers sold their sharesin the company to the Adolfo Orsi family, who in 1940relocated the company headquarters to their home townof Modena,[3] where it remains to this day. The brotherscontinued in engineering roles with the company. Racingsuccesses continued, even against the giants of Germanracing, Auto Union and Mercedes. In back-to-back winsin 1939 and 1940, a Maserati 8CTF won the Indianapolis500, the only Italian manufacturer ever to do so.The war then intervened, Maserati abandoning cars toproduce components for the Italian war eort. Duringthis time, Maserati worked in erce competition to con-struct a V16 town car for Benito Mussolini before FerryPorsche of Volkswagen built one for Adolf Hitler. Thisfailed, and the plans were scrapped. Once peace was re-stored, Maserati returned to making cars; the MaseratiA6 series did well in the post-war racing scene.Juan-Manuel Fangio piloting a Maserati 250F.Key people joined the Maserati team. Alberto Mas-simino, anoldFiat engineer, withbothAlfaRomeoand Ferrari experiences oversaw the design of all racingmodels for the next ten years. With him joined engi-neers Giulio Aleri, Vittorio Bellentani, and GioacchinoColombo. The focus was on the best engines and chas-sis to succeed in car racing. These new projects sawthe last contributions of the Maserati brothers, who aftertheir 10-year contract with Orsi expired went on to formO.S.C.A.. This new team at Maserati worked on severalprojects: the 4CLT, the A6 series, the 8CLT, and, piv-otally for the future success of the company, the A6GCS.The famous Argentinian driver Juan-Manuel Fangioraced for Maserati for a number of years in the 1950s,producing a number of stunning victories including win-ning the world championship in 1957 in the Maserati250FalongsideToulodeGraenried, Louis Chiron,Prince Bira, Enrico Plat, and a few others. Other rac-ing projects in the 1950s were the 200S, 300S (with sev-eral famous pilots, among them Benoit Musy), 350S, and450S, followed in 1961 by the famous Tipo 61.1.2.1 Withdrawal from racingMaseratiretired from factory racing participation be-causeoftheGuidizzolotragedy[lower-alpha 1]duringthe1957 Mille Miglia, though they continued to build carsfor privateers. Maserati became more and more focusedon building road-going grand tourers.A 1960 Maserati 3500 GTThe 1957 Maserati 3500 GT marked a turning point inthe marques history, as its rst ground-up grand tourerdesign and rst series produced car. Production jumpedfrom a dozen to a few hundreds cars a year. Chief en-gineer Giulio Aleri took care of the project, and turnedthe 3.5 L inline-six engine from the 350S into a road en-gine. First launched with a 2+2 coup aluminium bodyover Carrozzeria Touring's superleggera structure, a steel-bodied short wheelbase Vignale 3500 GT Convertibileopen top version followed in 1960.The 3500 GTs suc-cess, with over 2200 made, was critical to Maseratis sur-vival in the years that followed the withdrawal from rac-ing.The 3500 GT also provided the underpinnings for thesmall-volume V8-engined 5000 GT, another seminal carfor Maserati. Born from the Shah of Persia's whim ofowning a road car powered by the Maserati 450S rac-ing engine, it became one of the fastest and most expen-sive cars of its days. From the third to the thirty-fourthand last example produced it housed Maseratis rst everroad-going V8 engine design.In 1962 the 3500 GT was evolved into the Sebring, bod-ied by Vignale and based on the Convertibile short chas-sis. Next came the two-seater Mistral coup in 1963 andSpider in 1964, both six-cylinder powered and designedby Pietro Frua.Also in 1963, the companys rst saloon car arrived, theMaserati Quattroporte, designed by Frua as well. If the5000 GT inaugurated the marques rst road-going V8,the Quattroportes Tipo 107 4.2-litre DOHC V8 was theforefather of all Maserati V8s up to 1990.The Ghia-designed Ghibli coup was launched in 1967.1.3 Citron ownership 3The svelte GhibliIt was powered by a 4.7L, dry sump version of Maseratisquad cam V8. The Ghibli Spyder and 4.9-litre Ghibli SSfollowed.1.3 Citron ownershipIn 1968, Maserati was taken over by French car man-ufacturer Citron. Adolfo Orsi remained the nominalpresident, but Maserati changed a great deal. The re-lationship with Citron started as a joint venture, madepublic in January 1968,[10] in which Maserati would de-sign and manufacture an engine for an upcoming Cit-ron agship car, the Citron SM. Launched in 1970,the SM was a four-seater front-wheel-drive coup, pow-ered by a Maserati Tipo C114 2.7 L 90 V6 engine. TheV6 Maserati engine and its associated gearbox have beenused in other vehicles such as Special Rally preparedCitron DS, as used by Bob Neyret in Bandama Rally,and in the Ligier JS 2.Bora, the rst mid-engined MaseratiWith secure nancial backing, new models werelaunched, and built in much greater numbers than before.Citron borrowed Maserati expertise and engines for theCitron SM and other vehicles, and Maseratis also in-corporated Citron technology, particularly in hydraulics.Engineer Giulio Aleri was key to many of the ambitiousdesigns of this period.The rstnew arrivalwas the 1969 MaseratiIndyaVignale-designed four seater GT with a traditional V8drivetrain, which was produced in over 1100 units.In 1971, the Maserati Bora, was the rst series productionmid-engined Maserati, an idea agreed with Maserati ad-ministrator Guy Malleret shortly after the 1968 takeover.TheBoraendedMaseratis reputationfor producingfast, but technologically out of date cars, being the rstMaserati with four wheel independent suspension.[11] Incontrast, competitor Lamborghini had independent sus-pension in 1964.[12]In 1972, tting a Tipo 114 SM-derived V6 enlarged to3.0-litre into the Bora produced the Maserati Merak.[13]Citron never developed a 4-door version of the CitronSM - instead Maserati developed a the Maserati Quattro-porte II that shared most mechanical parts with the SM,including the mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout, andsix headlight layout.[14]To power this large car, Aleri developed a V8 enginefrom the SM V6 with 260 PS (190 kW; 260 bhp) andtted it to a lightly modied SM, proving that the chas-sis could easily handle the power increase.[15] Citronsand Maseratis nancial diculties hampered the typehomologation process; the development costs for the still-born saloon further aggravated Maseratis situation. Onlya dozen Quattroporte IIs were ever produced, all with theV6.The replacement for the successful Ghibli was theBertone-designedMaserati Khamsin, a front-enginedgrand tourer that introduced in 1972 and produced from1974; it married the traditional Maserati V8 GT layoutwith modern independent suspension, unibody construc-tion and rened Citron technologies such as DIRAVIpower steering.1.3.1 Crisis yearsTipo C114 Maserati V6 in a Citron SMMeanwhile, the 1973 oil crisis put the brakes on this am-bitious expansion; demand for fuel-hungry sports carsshrank drastically. Austerity measures in Italy meant thatthe domestic market contracted by 60-70%.[16] All of the4 1 HISTORYmain Italian GT car manufacturers were damaged, havingto lay o workers in order to empty lots of unsold cars.Maserati received the hardest blow, as its home marketsales accounted for over half of the totalin contrast, forexample, with Ferrari's 20%.[17] In this situation the onlyMaserati that continued to sell in appreciable numberswas the smaller engined Merak.In 1974, the 197375 recession at its climax, things tooka turn for the worse. Citron went bankrupt and its in-corporation into PSA Peugeot Citron begun. The yearclosed with domestic sales tumbling from 1973s 360 to150 units,[17] and losses exceeding the share capital.On 22 May 1975 a press release from the Citron man-agement announced all of a sudden that Maserati hadbeenbut intoliquidation.[18]Theworkforceimmedi-ately picketed the factory, but production was not halted.Trade unions, the mayor of Modena and local politiciansmobilised to save the 800 jobs; industry minister CarloDonat-Cattin even ewto Paris to meet Citron chairmanFrancois Rollier. An agreement was reached in June,[19]after several meetings and assemblies. During one ofthese meetings, Citron liquidators disclosed that a pos-sible Italian buyer had showed up, and the name of deTomaso was put forth for the rst time.[20] Citron ac-cepted to suspend liquidation as requested by the Italiangovernment, which on its part guaranteed six months ofspecial redundancy fund to pay the salaries.1.4 De Tomaso eraOn 8 August 1975 an agreement was signed at the Min-istryofIndustryinRome, andpropertyofMaseratipassed from Citron to Italian state-owned holding com-panyGEPI[lower-alpha 2]andAlejandrodeTomaso, anArgentinian industrialist and former racing driver, whobecame president andCEO.[21][22]As of December1979, GEPIs quota amounted to 88.75% of Maserati,[23]the remaining 11.25% being controlled by De Tomasothrough an holding which grouped his automotive inter-ests in Maserati and Innocenti. Beginning in 1976, newmodels were introduced, sharing their underpinningsbut not their engineswith De Tomaso cars; rst camethe Kyalami grand tourer, derived from the De TomasoLongchamp restyled by Frua and powered by MaseratisV8. Following was the Italdesign Giugiaro-designed thirdgeneration Quattroporte, introduced in 1976 and put onsale in 1979. Bora sales dwindled down; Khamsin wasdiscontinuedbetween1982and1983. Progressivelystripped of its Citron-derived parts, the Merak contin-ued to sell over one hundred pieces a year, until 1982.1.4.1 The BiturboThe 1980s saw the company largely abandoning the mid-engined sports car in favour of a compact front-engined,rear-drive coup, the Maserati Biturbo.[24] Of fairly con-A 1985 Maserati Biturboventional construction, the Biturbos pleasure and painwas its twin-turbocharged V6 engine, the rst ever in aproduction car. This engine, descending from Aleris90 V6, was tted in a large number of models, all sharingkey components; every new Maserati launched up to the1990s would derive from the Biturbo. The Biturbo fam-ily was extremely successful at exploiting the aspirationalimage of the Maserati nameselling 40,000 units.In 1983 and 1984 the range was extended to includesaloons (the 425 and 420) and a cabriolet (the Zagato-bodied Spyder), respectively on a long and short wheel-base Biturbo platform.During 1984 Chrysler bought a 5%share in the newcom-pany. Following an agreement between De Tomasosfriend and Chrysler head Lee Iacocca,a joint venturewas signed. Maserati would produce a car for export tothe American market, the Chrysler TC by Maserati, withChrysler-sourced engines. In July of that same year amerger between Maserati and Nuova Innocenti was de-cided; it was carried out in 1985.[25] Chrysler upped itsstake to 15.6% by underwriting three quarters of a 75billion Lire capital raise in 1986.[26]NewBiturbo-basedcars andmodel evolutions werelaunched year after year. In 1984 it was the 228, a largecoup built on the long wheelbase saloon chassis, witha new 2.8 L version of the twin-turbo V6. Weber Fuelinjection was phased in starting in 1986, bringing im-proved reliability and a host of new model variants. Thesame year the ageing third generation Quattroporte wasupdated as the luxurious Maserati Royale, built to orderin an handful of examples a year; its discontinuation in1990 marked the disappearance of Maseratis four-camV8 engine,a design that could trace its roots back tothe 450S racer and the legendary 5000 GT. In 1987 the2.8-litre 430 topped the saloon range. 1988 brought theMaserati Karif 2.8-litre two-seater, based on the shortwheelbase Spyder chassis. Meanwhile, the Biturbo namewas dropped altogether, as updated coups and saloonswere updated became the 222 and 422. 1989 markedthe reintroduction of an eight-cylinder grand tourer: theMaserati Shamal,built on a modied short wheelbaseBiturbo bodyshell, clad in new muscular bodywork byMarcello Gandini. It was powered by an all-new twin-turbo 32-valve V8 engine paired to a 6-speed gearbox.1.5 Fiat ownership 5Two-litre, 24-valve engines also debuted.1.4.2 De Tomaso-Fiat yearsIn October 1989 De Tomaso bought the remaining Gepiquota. In December Fiat entered in Maseratis history.Maserati and Innocenti were separated; Innocenti MilanoS.p.A., the company that sold Innocenti cars, continuedits business under a 51% Fiat Auto ownership. All ofthe Modena and Lambrate plants went to a newly cre-ated company, the still extant Maserati S.p.A.; 49% ofit was owned by Fiat Auto and 51% was controlled byDe Tomaso through the old company,Ocine AleriMaserati.[27][28]In the early Nineties a mid-engined sports car was de-veloped, the Maserati Chubascowhich was to dbut in1992. It featured Gandini-designed body, a V8 power-train and a backbone chassis. The project was cancelled,as it proved too expensive. Starting in 1990 the entirerange received a facelift by Marcello Gandini, on the linesof the Shamals styling. The last version of the Biturbocoup proper was called Maserati Racing. It was a tran-sitional model in which several features to be found onthe upcoming Ghibli were tested.The Maserati Ghibli was introduced in 1992. It was asix-cylinder coup, with modied Biturbo underpinningsdressed by new Gandini bodywork (toned down from theShamal) and the latest evolution of the 24-valve twin-turbo V6 with record breaking specic output. The un-derpinnings of the stillborn Chubasco gave birth to theMaserati Barchetta, a small open top mid-engine sportscar styled by Synthesis Design (Carlo Gaino).[29] A one-make racing series was held in 1992 and 1993, using theBarchetta Corsa racing version; the road-going BarchettaStradale was never put into production. Just 17 Barchettaexamples were produced. Between 1992 and 1994 allmodels save for the Ghibli and Shamal were progressivelydiscontinued.1.5 Fiat ownershipOn 19 May 1993, 17 years after having rescued it fromliquidation, Alejandro De Tomaso sold its 51% stake inMaserati to Fiat,which became the sole owner.[22][30]Substantial investments were made in Maserati, and it hassince undergone something of a renaissance.In 1998, a new chapter began in Maseratis history whenthe company launched the 3200 GT. This two-door coupis powered by a 3.2 L twin-turbocharged V8 derived fromthe Shamal engine, which produces 370 hp (276 kW).Over twodecadesafter theill-fatedChrysler TCbyMaserati during Chryslers brief ownership stake inMaserati, thetwocompanies becameinterconnectedagain when Fiat purchased majority control of Chryslerin 2011 as a result of Chryslers bankruptcy.1.5.1 FerrariIn July 1997, Fiat sold a 50% share in the company toMaseratis long-time arch-rival Ferrari (Ferrari itself be-ing owned by Fiat).[3] In 1999, Ferrari took full control,making Maserati its luxury division.A new factory wasbuilt, replacing the existing 1940s-vintage facility. Fer-rari is credited for bringing Maserati back into business,after many lacklustre years of Maserati teetering on thebrink of bankruptcy.The last links to the de Tomaso era were cut in 2002,when the 3200 GT was replaced by the Maserati Coupand Spyder; evolved from the 3200, these cars ditched itstwin-turbocharged V8 for an all-new, naturally aspirated,dry sump 4.2-litre V8 with a transaxle gearbox. In turnCoup and Spyder were replaced by the GranTurismo andGranCabrio.Meanwhile, two new models have been shown to the pub-lic: the MC12 road supersports and successful GT racerwith a Ferrari Enzoderived chassis and engine and thenew Quattroporte, a high luxury saloon with the 4.2l V8engine. Nowadays, Maserati is back in business and suc-cessfully selling on a global basis. In 2001, Ferrari de-cided to throw away all the old tooling and installed high-tech devices in the Modena factory, making it one of themost advanced in the world.Since early 2002, Maserati once again entered the UnitedStates market,[31] which has quickly become for Maseratithe largest market worldwide. The company has also re-entered the racing arena with their Trofeo and, in De-cember 2003, the Maserati MC12 (formerly known as theMCC), which was developed according to FIA GT regu-lations and has since competed with great success in theworld FIAGT championship, winning the teams champi-onship three consecutive times from 2005 to 2007.TheMC12 has also been raced in various national GT cham-pionship as well as in the American Le Mans series. TheMC12 is based on the Enzo Ferrari sports car;[32]50street-legal homologation models (roadsters and coups)have been sold for about US$700,000 each.1.5.2 The Maserati and Alfa Romeo Group underFiat GroupThe Maserati and Alfa Romeo group, under Fiat Group,started in 2005, when Maserati was split o from Ferrariand partnered with Alfa Romeo.[33][34] On 9 June 2005the 20,000th Maserati, a Quattroporte, left the factory.[35]In the second quarter of 2007, Maserati made prot forthe rst time in 17 years under Fiat ownership.[36]On January 22, 2010, Fiat announced that it had created anew partnership/brand group for Alfa Romeo, Maserati,and Abarth. The group was led by Harald J. Wester, thecurrent CEO of Maserati. Sergio Marchionne said that"[the] purpose of bringing the Alfa Romeo, Maserati andAbarth brands under the same leadership is to empha-6 2 AUTOMOBILESsize and leverage the value of the shared qualities of thethree brands in terms of their sporting characteristics andperformance. [37] Abarth stayed under Westers leader-ship until 2013, leaving Maserati and Alfa Romeo in thebrand group, led by Wester.[38] Although Maserati andAlfa Romeo are in a brand group, Alfa Romeo is struc-tured under FCA Italy S.p.A., which itself is structuredunder FCA, whereas Maserati is structured solely underFCA. In addition, in a interview with Wester in 2015, heclaried that his role at Maserati is dierent from that inthe Alfa Romeo as the latter is better integrated into theFiat Group and that the new Alfa car won't share anyparts with the current Maserati model. I'm not planningany technical merging of these two makes.[39]In 2013, Maserati started its expansion with the sixth-generation Maserati Quattroporte, which was designed tobetter compete with the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. Thiswas followed by the introduction of the Ghibli, whichwas slated to compete against the Mercedes-Benz E-Classand BMW 5-series. On May 6, 2014 Maserati conrmedproduction of the Levante SUV and the Aleri (previ-ously a 2+2 concept sports car that was named after Al-eri Maserati).[7] At this event, it was revealed that 2014will be the last year of production for the GranTurismoand GranTurismo Convertible,[7] although production ofthe GranTurismo was extended until 2016, with a newGranTurismo still being unveiled in 2018.[40][7] In a 2015interview, Harald J. Wester said that there was room fora future sports car, positioned above the Aleri.[39]Along with their expansion, Maserati started their re-entrance into the high-performance car eld, in order tocompete with brands such as Mercedes-AMG, BMW M,Porsche, Jaguar, and in certain cases, Ferrari. This isbeing done with Maseratis that have higher output en-gines, higher performance components, and better han-dling. The fastest Maserati Aleri will be receiving a 520bhp (388 kW; 527 PS) V6 with all-wheel drive, while theQuattroporte, Ghibli, and Levante are receiving 560 bhp(418 kW; 568 PS) V8s in the future with all-wheel drive,in order to better compete with their respective AMGs,M cars, Jaguars, and Porsches.[5][41] The Maserati Al-eri will be competitive against the Mercedes-AMG GT,Porsche 911, Jaguar F-Type R, and even the Ferrari Cal-ifornia T in terms of performance.The replacement forthe GranTurismo, to be presented in 2018, will have a560 bhp (418 kW; 568 PS) V8.[5] The high performanceall wheel drive version of the Ghibli (as mentioned above)will likely wear a GTS badge. For the Quattroporte, thiswill be a replacement for the GTS version (with increasedpower and all wheel drive, as mentioned above).In addition, Harald J. Wester stated that Maserati is ex-perimenting with plug-in hybrid powertrains, and that onewill be oered in the second half of 2017 in the LevanteSUV.[39] By 2018, the base Ghibli will receive a perfor-mance upgrade 350 bhp (261 kW; 355 PS), and the Ghi-bli S Q4 to 450 bhp (336 kW; 456 PS).[5]The 2014 Maserati lineup, as shown at the 100th Year Anniver-sary in Autoworld BrusselsMaserati sales in 2013 were 15,400 units, which is upfrom just over 6,000 units worldwide in 2012 (2013 in-cluded the release of the new Quattroporte and Ghiblitowards the end of the year, and thus the rst year to fullyrepresent the sales inclusive of these models is 2014).[7]In May, 2014, Maserati sold a company record of over3,000 cars worldwide, causing them to increase produc-tion of the Ghibli and Quattroporte.[42] For that samemonth in the United States, Maserati sold 1,114 vehicles,which is up 406.19% over the same month in the previ-ous year in the United States.[43] Maseratis best monthof sales in the United States was September 2014, with1,318 units sold.[44] The month in 2014 where the in-crease on sales for the same month of the previous yearwas the highest was May, with a volume increase of406.19%.[44] The sales target for 2018 is 75,000 unitsworldwide.[7]2014 marked an historic record of 13,411 total units soldin North America for the year, a 169% increase ver-sus 2013, boasting the highest-ever overall sales year forMaserati North America, Inc.[45]Worldwide, in 2014Maserati sold about 36,500 cars, a 136% increase over2013.[46] Harald J. Wester stated that Maserati will notsurpass the 70,000 sales per year mark, and that Maseratiwill maintain its current position in the higher end ofthe luxury sports car market, not expanding downmar-ket and making vehicles smaller and less expensive thanthe Ghibli and Levante (such as those similar to the AudiQ5 and Mercedes-Benz C-Class), as other FCA brands,specically Alfa Romeo, are or will be in those marketspaces.[39]Since 2009, Marco Tencone (born 1967) has been thehead designer of Maserati cars.2 AutomobilesSee List of Maserati vehicles for a complete his-torical list2.2 Sales history 72.1 Current and upcoming models2.1.1 Maserati QuattroporteMain article: Maserati QuattroporteItalian for four-door, the Maserati Quattroporte is asporting luxury saloon. The sixth generation MaseratiQuattroporte was introduced in 2013. The Quattroporteis currently available in S Q4, GTS and Diesel trim. TheS Q4 has an advanced four wheel drive system, and a 404-horsepower twin-turbo V6.[47]The GTS is rear wheeldrive, and has a 523-horsepower V8.[48] A QuattroporteDiesel model is oered on selected markets, making 275horsepower (250 hp in Italy) and 442 ft-lbs of torque. Thesixth-generation Quattroporte has grown in size in orderto better compete with the roomier luxury saloons like theMercedes-Benz S-Class.[49]By 2018, the Quattroporte S Q4 will be upgraded to pro-duce 450 bhp (336 kW; 456 PS) fromits V6, and the GTSto produce 560 bhp (418 kW; 568 PS) horsepower fromits V8, both with all-wheel drive (for the V8 to increaseperformance).[50]2.1.2 Maserati GhibliMain article: Maserati Ghibli (M157)The rst presentation of this car was on 20 April 2013in Shanghai. It is a sporting/luxury executive saloon thatcompetes against the BMW 5 Series, Mercedes E-Classor Audi A6. This new model is expected to be key inorder to reach the ambitious target sales of 50,000 carsa year by 2015, and 75,000 by 2018. The car, alongwith the new Quattroporte, is built in the Italian factoryof Grugliasco, Turin (former Bertone). The base Ghiblicomes with 330 horsepower, the Ghibli Diesel with 275horsepower (also 250 in Italy only), and the Ghibli S Q4with 410 horsepower. By 2018, the base Ghibli will have350 horsepower, the S Q4 450 horsepower, and a higherperformance version (likely GTS) which will have 560bhp (418 kW; 568 PS) and all-wheel drive.[5]2.1.3 Maserati GranTurismo and GranCabrioMain article: Maserati GranTurismoThe Maserati GranTurismo is a grand tourer introducedin 2007. The GranTurismo has a 4.7-litre V8, making454 bhp (339 kW; 460 PS) in Sport form and MC form.A convertible (GranCabrio) version is also available instandard, Sport, and MC form. The nal production yearfor the Maserati GranTurismo is scheduled to be 2014,but it will be revived in 2018 with a 560 bhp (418 kW;568 PS) V8, again in rear wheel drive form.[7]2.1.4 Maserati LevanteMain article: Maserati LevanteThe Maserati Levante is a crossover SUV due to be re-leased in 2014. It has been anticipated with the MaseratiKubang concept SUVin September 2003 at the FrankfurtMotor Show and again in 2011. It was announced, at theParis Motor Show held in Paris in September 2012. TheLevante will be assembled in Miraori Plant, in Turin. Itwas conrmed on May 6, 2014.[7] The Levante 3.0L V6will be oered in either 350 or 425 horsepower states oftune, with a 3.8L V8 producing560 bhp (418 kW; 568PS) down the road, due in 2018. All models will haveall-wheel drive.[5]2.1.5 Maserati AleriMain article: Maserati AleriThe Maserati Aleri was a concept 2+2 presented at theGeneva Motor Show in 2014. The concept was basedo the lighter chassis of the GranTurismo MC Stradale,although it had a shorter wheelbase. The concept wasintroduced with a 4.7 liter V8 producing 460 bhp (343kW; 466 PS).The Aleri was conrmed for production in 2016 at aFiat Chrysler Automobiles event on May 6, 2014.[7] Theproduction version will receive three dierent V6 en-gine choices, producing 410 bhp (306 kW; 416 PS), 450bhp (336 kW; 456 PS), and 520 bhp (388 kW; 527 PS),respectively.[7] The 450 horsepower and 520 horsepowerversions will only have an all-wheel drive system. TheAleri will be joined by an Aleri convertible in 2017.[7]2.2 Sales history3 MotorsportMain article: Maserati in motorsportThroughout its history, Maserati has participatedinvarious forms of motorsports including Formula One,sportscar racing and touring car racing, both as a worksteam and through private entrants.Maserati developed fteen GranTurismo MC racecars,homologated for the European Cup and NationalEn-durance Series, one of which was raced by GTmotorsportorganization Cool Victory in Dubai in January, 2010.[65]4 See alsoMaserati (motorcycle)8 6 CITATIONSRiverside International Automotive Museum5 Notes[1] Near the town of Guidizzolo, a 4.2-litre Ferrari travel-ling at 250 km/h blew a tire and crashed into the road-side crowd, killing the driver, co-driver, and ten specta-tors, including ve children. In response, Enzo Ferrari wascharged with manslaughter in a lengthy criminal prosecu-tion that was nally dismissed in 1961.[2] Gepi, or Societ per le Gestioni e Partecipazioni Industri-ali, was a holding company owned by state enterprises,whose intended purpose was to assume control of pri-vately owned companies in diculty and to resell themoncerestructured. DeTomasohadcarriedout simi-lar recovery operations with aid from Gepi in the previ-ous years, notably for the Benelli and Guzzi motorcyclecompanieswhich at the time he controlled.6 Citations[1] FCA Full Year 2014 results (PDF), Fiat Chrysler Automo-biles, 28 January 2015, p. 18, retrieved 11 March 2015[2] Annual Report 2013. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. 19February 2014.[3] Company history. maserati.com. Retrieved 24 July2014.[4] Maserati: Luxury, sports and style cast in exclusive cars.maserati.us. Retrieved 22 July 2014.[5] Maserati 5-year plan (pdf). fcagroup.com. Retrieved22 July 2014.[6] Maserati rampingupproductionofGhibli, Quattro-porte. autoblog.com. Retrieved 21 July 2014.[7] Maserati conrms Levante SUV for 2015, Aleri for2016. autoblog.com. Retrieved 21 July 2014.[8] Maserati to cap output at 75,000 cars. autoblog.com.Retrieved 21 July 2014.[9] Maserati | 100 Years | History Timeline.Maserati100.com. Maserati. Retrieved 22 June2014.[10] Maserati e Citronrmanounaccordodi collabo-razione. La Stampa (in Italian). 17 January 1968. p.12. Retrieved 8 February 2015.[11] http://www.autozine.org/Archive/Maserati/classic/Bora.html[12] Robinson, Aaron (November 2002). 1967 Maserati Ghi-bli. Car & Driver.[13] http://www.motortrend.com/classic/features/12q3_1973_maseratri_bora_and_merak/engine.html[14] http://www.mcgrathmaserati.co.uk/car-for-sale/maserati-quattroporte-2/[15] http://autoweek.com/article/1974-citron-sm-v8-mystery-no-more[16] De Vito, Antonio (25 January 1974). Maserati: i sinda-cati chiedono di riconvertire gli impianti"". La Stampa(in Italian). p. 13. Retrieved 8 February 2015.[17] Fenu, Michele (15 March 1974). Feisal ha comprato indue minuti una berlinetta Boxer Ferrari. La Stampa (inItalian). p. 13. Retrieved 8 February 2015.[18] Santini, Francesco(24May1975). ModenaperlaMaserati"". La Stampa (in Italian). pp. 12. Retrieved8 February 2015.[19] La liquidazione Maserati, Citron accetta il rinvio. LaStampa (in Italian). 11 June 1975. p. 12. Retrieved 8February 2015.[20] Santini, Francesco (28 May 1975). Gruppo italiano intrattativa per comprare la Maserati"". La Stampa (in Ital-ian). p. 15. Retrieved 8 February 2015.[21] Maserati, c' l'accordo. La Stampa (in Italian). 9 August1975. p. 2. Retrieved 5 February 2015.[22] Fangio Remembered, 50 years after historic Nuerbur-gring victory. edition.cnn.com (CNN). 28 August 2007.Retrieved 1 September 2007.[23] Venturi, Alfredo (15 December 1979). La rivolta sin-dacale alla Maserati: Un'ambigua manovra che gi fal-lita"". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 9. Retrieved 5 February2015.[24] Sabatini, Valerio (15 December 1981). Maserati, dueturbo nel motore. La Stampa (in Italian). Retrieved 8February 2015.[25] Lonardi, Giorgio (16 June 1985). De Tomaso perfezionala fusione tra Maserati e Nuova Innocenti. La Repubblica(in Italian). Retrieved 5 February 2015.[26] Lonardi,Giorgio (29 May 1986). Chrysler sbarca inItalia. La Repubblica (in Italian).Retrieved 5 February2015.[27] Villare, Renzo (8 December 1989). Anche la Biturbonell'orbita della Fiat. La Stampa (in Italian). p. 13. Re-trieved 5 February 2015.[28] Tropea, Salvatore (8 December 1989). Anche laMaserati nell'impero Fiat. LaRepubblica (in Italian).Retrieved 5 February 2015.[29] Synthesisdesign-Maserati Barchetta. dynthesisde-sign.it. Retrieved 20 October 2009.[30] Ferraris, Eugenio (20 May 1993). De Tomaso lascia laMaserati. LaStampa (in Italian). p. 9. Retrieved 5February 2015.[31] Eldridge, Earle (30 March 2004). Maserati tries forcomeback in USA. usatoday.com. Retrieved 25 January2009.9[32] WCF Test Drive: Maserati MC12R by Edo. worldcar-fans.com. Retrieved 25 January 2009.[33] Ferrari/Maserati Split. carkeys.co.uk. 2005. Retrieved28 April 2010.[34] Shawn Maynard. Fiat divides Maserati from Ferrarito bolster Alfa Romeo. automobile.com. Retrieved 28April 2010.[35] Ecco la Maserati numero 20.000. La Stampa (in Ital-ian). 10 June 2005. p. 25. Retrieved 5 February 2015.[36] Maserati in the black for the rst time under Fiat owner-ship. italiaspeed.com. 24 July 2007. Retrieved 24 July2007.[37] Fiat will merge Alfa, Maserati and Abarth into singlebrand group. autonews.com. Retrieved 21 July 2014.[38] FCAGroup - Harald Wester. www.fcagroup.com. Re-trieved 2015-06-29.[39] An Interview With Maserati/Alfa Romeo CEO HaraldWester. Retrieved 2015-06-29.[40] EXCLUSIVE:Maserati to end GranTurismo build in2016. Retrieved 2015-06-29.[41] Ghibli, Quattroporte and GranTurismo to Receive560HP V8. carbuzz.com. 7 May 2014. Retrieved 21July 2014.[42] Joseph, Noah (12 June 2014). Maserati ramping upproduction of Ghibli, Quattroporte. autoblog.com. Re-trieved 21 July 2014.[43] Korzeniewski, Jeremy (3 June 2014). May 2014: MayThe Sales Be With You Edition. autoblog.com. Re-trieved 21 July 2014.[44] Korzeniewski, Jeremy (1 October 2014). September2014: Cooling O As The Leaves Change Edition. au-toblog.com. Retrieved 3 October 2014.[45] Maserati North America, Inc. closes 2014 with record-breaking sales. marketwatch.com. Retrieved 6 January2015.[46] Inc., Maserati. FollowingIts 2014RecordBreak-ing Sales Record, Maserati Kicks O 2015 With NewErmenegildo Zegna Design Concept Unveiling At The2015 Detroit North American International Auto Show.www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2015-06-29.[47] Maserati: Models: Quattroporte S Q4: Intro.maserati.us. Maserati. Retrieved 20 July 2014.[48] Maserati: Models: Quattroporte GTS: Intro.maserati.us. Maserati. Retrieved 20 July 2014.[49] Ross,Jerey N. (4 December 2012). 2014 MaseratiQuattroporte to get twin-turbo V6 - Autoblog. auto-blog.com. Retrieved 20 July 2014.[50] Maserati 5-year plan (pdf). fcagroup.com. Retrieved22 July 2014.[51] The Fiat Group in 1999 - Consolidated and Statutory Fi-nancial Statements (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., p. 51, retrieved 11March 2015[52] The Fiat Group in 2000 - Consolidated and Statutory Fi-nancial Statements (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., p. 70, retrieved 11March 2015[53] The Fiat Group in 2001 - Consolidated and Statutory Fi-nancial Statements (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., p. 70, retrieved 11March 2015[54] Annual Report - ConsolidatedandStatutoryFinancialStatements (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., May 2004, p. 56, retrieved11 March 2015[55] Annual Report - ConsolidatedandStatutoryFinancialStatements (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., June 2005, p. 65, retrieved11 March 2015[56] Annual Report - ConsolidatedandStatutoryFinancialStatements (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., May 2006, p. 58, retrieved11 March 2015[57] Annual Report - ConsolidatedandStatutoryFinancialStatements (PDF), Fiat S.p.A.,April 2007,p. 66,re-trieved 11 March 2015[58] Annual Report - ConsolidatedandStatutoryFinancialStatements (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., March 2008, p. 71, re-trieved 11 March 2015[59] Annual Report - ConsolidatedandStatutoryFinancialStatements (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., March 2009, p. 75, re-trieved 11 March 2015[60] Annual Report (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., March 2010, p. 93,retrieved 11 March 2015[61] Fiat Group - 2010 Full Year and Fourth Quarter results(PDF), Fiat S.p.A., 27 January 2011, p. 12, retrieved 11March 2015[62] Annual Report (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., March 2012, p. 109,retrieved 11 March 2015[63] Annual Report (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., March 2013, p. 51,retrieved 11 March 2015[64] Annual Report (PDF), Fiat S.p.A., March 2014, p. 49,retrieved 11 March 2015[65] Cool Victory acquires Maserati MC for 2010 Season.duemotori.com. 6 August 2009. Retrieved 20 October2009.7 ReferencesTabucchi, Maurizio (March 2003). Maserati: TheGrand Prix: Sports and GT Cars Model by Model,19262003. ISBN 88-7911-260-0.10 8 EXTERNAL LINKS8 External linksOcial Maserati websiteOcial Maserati Racing websiteOcial Maserati Awards websiteAutoexpress.cz: AndreaPiccini ontheMaseratiGranTurismo MC StradaleCoordinates: 443858N 105623E / 44.649422N10.939636E119 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses9.1 Text Maserati Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maserati?oldid=669221974 Contributors: WojPob, Bryan Derksen, Jeronimo, Ed Poor,Olivier, Liftarn, Ixfd64, Nine Tail Fox, Egil, Ekips, GRAHAMUK, Choster, Radiojon, Kierant, Nv8200pa, Morven, Hajor, RadicalBender,Texture, Modeha, DocWatson42, Snowdog, Stefan Dierkes~enwiki, Bobblewik, Golbez, Antandrus, Jossi, Weyoun, Rdsmith4, Sfoskett,Neutrality, Metahacker, Millisits, Mike Rosoft, Discospinster, Rich Farmbrough, YUL89YYZ, Nard the Bard, Shanes, Nrbelex, Bobo192,Harald Hansen, Hektor, Wikibor~enwiki, Batintherain, M412k, Jagvar, StevenHW, Stefanomione, Jorunn, Moonty, FlaBot, Neofelis Nebu-losa~enwiki, Karrmann, NicolasCH~enwiki, DVdm, Bgwhite, YurikBot, RussBot, Bleakcomb, Jereysenk, Shell Kinney, Irishguy, Bobak,Moe Epsilon, RL0919, PS2pcGAMER, Bota47, Pettythug, Ninly, OMenda~enwiki, LeonardoRob0t, Ketil3, That Guy, From That Show!,Krtki, Attilios, SmackBot, Od Mishehu, Lucas Ade, Agentbla, Brossow, The Ronin, Gilliam, Quadratic, Chris the speller, Jgera5, Bren-delSignature, Viscous, Froese, Red marquis, Trekphiler, OrphanBot, Alexmcre, Eddwardo, Brithackemack, Emmanuel JARRI, Morio,Turbothy, John, Dustin Pearson, NongBot~enwiki, Scoty6776, 16@r, 4u1e, AdultSwim, Norm mit, PLawrence99cx, JoeBot, Jarbru, TwasNow, AbsolutDan, CmdrObot, Eewild, Caomhin, Pyrope, Old Guard, DonCalo, Cydebot, MichaelPaglia, TheORT, Daniel J. 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