march 30, 2017...atmosphere.notebook 4 march 30, 2017 may 1 1:15 pm section 3global winds and local...
TRANSCRIPT
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Atmosphere.notebook
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March 30, 2017
May 19:14 AM
Chapter 15 Atmosphere
Section 1
ObjectivesDescribe the composition of Earth's atmosphere.Explain why air pressure changes with altitude.Explain how air temperature changes with atmospheric
composition.Describe the layers of the atmosphere.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Tz8oyuT4E0
How is the atmosphere different from outer space?
The Composition of the AtmosphereAtmosphere
a mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
consists of 78.08% Nitrogen20.95% Oxygen 0.93% Argon 0.03% CO2 and traces of water vapor
Scientists theorize that 95% of the O2 in the atmospherewas formed from photosynthesis.
fluid any material that can flow and takes the shape of its container
Atmospheric Pressure and Temperaturehas mass so gravity pulls on the particles and it is heldaround the Earth
air pressure the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface
strongest at the Earth's surface
temperatures vary in atmosphere due to how thesolar energy is absorbed
ReviewWhat is the most common gas in the atmosphere?
Nitrogen
Does the air contain anything other than gases?
solids dustliquids water
Layers of the AtmosphereDivided into 4 layers based on temperature changes
Tropospheretropo = turningclosest to the surface90% of atmosphere's mass densesttemperature differenceslifeforms, weather, clouds, etc
Stratospherestrato = layergases layered and do not mixtemps increase as altitude increasesozone layer protects by absorbing UV radiation
Mesospheremeso = middlecoldest layertemps decrease as altitude increases
Thermospherethermo = heattemps increase due to concentrations of N2
and O2 are high which absorb solar radiation
Ionospherepart of the thermosphere that has electrically charged particles
auroras when the electrically charged particles radiate energy
Exosphereouter layer of thermosphere
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaikvaAw2nk
AssignmentDraw and color a diagram of all Layers of the Earth.Include the temperature changes.
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Atmosphere.notebook
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March 30, 2017
May 112:31 PM
Class Assignment
Groups will be assigned a type of atmospheric heating.
Create a visual.whowhatwherewhyhowwhen.
2 days.
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Atmosphere.notebook
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March 30, 2017
Mar 1610:20 AM
Section 2 Atmospheric Heating
ObjectivesDescribe what happens to solar energy that reaches Earth.Summarize the process of radiation, conduction, and
convection.Explain the relationship between the greenhouse effect
and global warming.
It takes 8 minutes for the energy from the sun to reach Earth.
So what happens when it gets here...
Energy in the AtmosphereRadiation
transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves
Earth does not receive all energy of the sun
When it hits Earth25% is scattered20% absorbed by ozone, clouds, atmospheric gases50% absorbed by Earth's surface5% is reflected by Earth's surface
Conductionenergy transfer through contact
Thermal Conductiontransfer of energy as heat through a materialwhen energy from the sun has direct contact with
the Earth's suface, heat is transferred to theatmosphere
transfer from warm to cold
Convectiontransfer of thermal energy by the circulation or
movement of a liquid or gasconvection current circulating substances due to
temperature differences
Greenhouse Effectwarming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth
that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, andother gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy
Global Warming/Climate Changea gradual increase in average global temperature
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBeJPpeeYJQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fBeJPpeeYJQ
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Atmosphere.notebook
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March 30, 2017
May 11:15 PM
Section 3 Global Winds and Local Winds
ObjectivesExplain the relationship between air pressure and wind direction.Describe global wind patterns.Explain the causes of local wind patterns.
Why Air Moves?Wind
movement of air caused by air pressure differences
the greater pressure difference the greater the wind
air rises at the equator and sinks at the polesair at the equator is warm and less dense low pressureair at poles is cool and more dense high pressure
warm air moves towards the polescold air moves towards the equator
pressure belts every 30oconvection cells circular patternspressure belts bands of high and low pressure that
separate convection cells
So...wind is air circulating because of temperature differences that cause pressure differences in the atmosphere
Convection cells
Coriollis Effectapparent curving of the path of winds and ocean currents due
to the Earth's rotation
Global WindsPolar Easterlies
prevailing winds that blow from east to west between 60oand 90o latitude in both hemispheres
Westerliesprevailing winds that blow from west to east between 30o
and 60o latitude in both hemispheres
Trade Windsprevailing winds that blow northeast from 30o North
latitude to the equator and that blow southeast from30o south latitude to the equator
sailors used the trade winds to sail between Europe andAmerica
Doldrumsat the equator
very little wind
means = dull or sluggish
The Horse Latitudes30o North and 30o South latitude
winds are weak
when sailors would sail these waters and the winds wereweak, they would throw the horses overboard to save drinking water for the sailors
Jet Streamsnarrow belt of strong winds that blow in the upper
troposphere
do not follow regular paths
Local Windsblow short distances
local geographic features can cause local winds
Sea Breezedaytime air over the ocean is cooler and forms an area of
high pressure. The cool air flows to the land.
describes the air coming from the sea to land
occurs during the Spring and Summer
Land Breezenight
opposite of Sea Breeze
air over ocean is warmer, than the air over the landand the cool air moves towards the ocean
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU2fkVXUEWU Bill Nye Wind
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2mec3vgeaI&index=12&list=RDQeAp3CuGjk8
Video Coriollis Effect = 3:05
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU2fkVXUEWUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU2fkVXUEWUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2mec3vgeaI&index=12&list=RDQeAp3CuGjk8
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Section 4 Air Pollution
ObjectivesCompare primary and secondary air pollutants.Identify the major sources of air pollution.Explain the effects of an ozone hole.List five effects of air pollution on the human body.Identify ways to reduce air pollution.
Air Pollutioncontamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and natural sources
Primary Pollutantspollutants put directly into the atmosphere by human ornatural activity
examples dust, smoke from forest fires, pollen CO, chemicals from paint, vehicle exhaust
Secondary Pollutantspollutants that form when primary pollutants react withother primary pollutants or with naturally occurring substances
examples ozone: produced when sunlight reacts with vehicle exhaust and air
smog: produced when ozone and vehicle exhaust react with sunlight
Examples Primary or Secondary????smog, house dust, acid rain, pollen, soot, groundlevel ozone, volcanic ash
Primary Secondaryhouse dust groundlevel ozonepollen smogvolcanic ash acid rainsoot
Sources of HumanCaused Air PollutionIndustrial Air Pollution
burning of fossil fuels causes large amount of airpollutants that do not have pollution controls
Indoor Air PollutionLook at Figure 4 Sources of indoor pollution
Ventilation mixing of indoor with outdoor air to reduceair pollution
Plants that are effective at removing indoor air pollutants include:
philodendrons, spider planzts,chrysanthemums,
Acid Precipitationrain, sleet, or snow that contains a high concentrationof acids
when fossil fuels are burned without pollution controls, theyrelease sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide into the water in the atmosphere and create nitric acid and sulfuric acid
Acid Precipitation on PlantsAcidification
increase in acidity of soil due to acid rain
causes nutrients to be dissolved
Acid Precipitation on Forestsmost noticeable in Eastern Europe
leaves do not develop
Acid Precipitation on Aquatic Ecosystemsincreases acidity of lakes, streams, riversplants, animals, aquatic organisms may dieworse in spring due to snow melting
Just a fact:The smell that you notice after a thunderstorm is probablythe smell of ozone from the lightning supplying energy tochange O2 to O3.
Ozone Holehole over the Antarctic regionsCFC's destroying ozone by changing it into oxygen
CFC's = Chlorofluorocarbon
Air Pollution and HealthLook at chart on page 469.
Clean Air Actpassed in 1970a law that give the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
the authority to control the amount of air pollutants that can be released from any source
scrubber used to remove pollutants from a smokestack before they are released into the atmosphere
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