maps from the crowd in crisis context / openstreetmap response to humanitarian crisis
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Maps from the Crowd in Crisis contextOpenStreetMap Response to humanitarian crisis
Haiyan Typhoon / 2013 and Ebola Epidemic / 2014 Cases
Pierre Béland Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team
IHTC 2014, Montréal, 2014-06-01
Nov.8 2013, the Super Typhoon Yolanda – Haiyan hits the Philippines
www.theguardian.com
Nov.8 2013, the Super Typhoon Yolanda – Haiyan hits the Philippines http://www.ifrc.org/typhoon-haiyan
Haiyan Typhoon Nov.8 UN-OCHA reports
● Telecommunication and electricity supplies are interrupted
● Air and seaports are closed
● The full extent of the damage will not be known until the storm has passed.
Possibly the most powerful storm ever recorded in history. For the teams that prepare to deploy :
► Urgent need of Geospatial data for the logistic of
operations : Base Map + Damage Assessment
► A large territory to cover with many remote islands and villages
Haiyan Typhoon Red Cross deployingDale Kunce at SOTM-US, April 2014
about chaotic situation and great HOT support
●
Haiyan Typhoon HOT Response Nov.7 – Nov.10
● Nov.7, Andrew Buck invites the HOT community. 10,000 buildings traced in Tacloban
● Nov.8 The Super Typhoon hits the Philippines
● Sunday 10th Nov: HOT ActivationCoordinators : Andrew Buck, Pierre Béland and Maning Sambale
● Coordination with various actors including OCHA, the American Red Cross, VISOV and the Philippines gov.
● Contacts with US State Dept Humanitarian Information Unit (HIU) and imagery providers
Haiyan Typhoon HOT Response
The OSM base map is the de facto basemap used by the UN Agencies and international organizations.
Priorities● Communications : The OSM contributors, developpers and
other organizations are invited to participatediscussion list, #hot irc, Twitter, HOT Updates
● Areas to map : Humanitarian requests / VISOV analysis of Social medias
● Imagery : Obtain, process and host imagery on servers(OSM-Fr)
● Adapt product and services to humanitarian needs
Haiyan Typhoon HOT Response● Imagery : Process + TMS Server
● Humanitarian mapping workflow ►Damaged buildings and infrastructures
● Extracts : Assure frequent updates
● Tools and Services : Show Damaged buildings – Online and Paper maps.
● Wednesday 13th Nov : Starts Post-disaster Mapping (damaged buildings and road blocks) of Tacloban.
● Friday Nov. 15th : In week, more then 900 OpenStreetMap mappers have contributed to this response. They have modified more than 2 million objects on the map (1.3 million for Haiti).
Haiyan Typhoon HOT ResponseThe first days of the Activation
● OSM Extracts for GIS Analysis, GPS and Android smartphones (daily / hourly updates)
● OSM Contributor statistics for Haiyan
● 10 days after the typhoonHumanitarian Map Style is available Damaged buildings (orange) and Collapsed buildings (red)
● All derived maps can use it
● FieldPapers Paper Maps with grid for field survey,
● MapOSMatic Large Paper Maps with grid, street index and POI and
● Osmose Validation / Correction tool.
● Better field survey and quality control; helps identify infrastructures at risk
● Truck drivers find new roads when road blockages / Debris
● OSM database and Maps updated to the minute
● VISOV supports with the Impact Map https://haiyan.crowdmap.com/ Twitter Photos of disaster hashtags ##reliefPH ##rescuePH
Haiyan Typhoon HOT coordinationhttps://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan
Haiyan Typhoon HOT coordinationhttps://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Typhoon_Haiyan
Haiyan Typhoon HOT coordination https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Damaged_buildings_crisis_mapping
OCHA Humanitarian Snapshot OCHA
Crowdsourcing 1,600 contributors : OSM CoverageComparison with previous OCHA map shows priorityOCHA areas on south Eastern Samar not mapped.
Imagery acquisition and coordination to be examined
Haiyan Typhoon Crowdsource map of Tacloban(population 220,000) Nov. 7 – Nov. 19 vimeo : Derick Rethans
Andrew.CartoDB For all zone http://bit.ly/19gNj52
Haiyan Typhoon Crowdsource map of Taclobanhttp://pierzen.dev.openstreetmap.org/hot/leaflet/OSM-Compare-before-after-philippines.html#16/11.2460/125.0034
Haiyan Typhoon Organizing Mapping effort ● Partition the effort / Control simultaneous access
● Instructions, links to editors
● Confirm completion / Validate / Invalidate
● Assures complete coverage; Monitors progress
Crowdsourced volunteer efforts work most efficiently when there is an organizing force behind the workwww.e-education.psu.edu
Tasking Manager – tasks.hotosm.orgInteracts with Editor tools
◄ Square highlights zone to map
Automatic download of existing data
JOSM RemoteControl
ID : Online easy editing
Haiyan Typhoon Damage AssessmentsUNOSAT, European Copernicus, OpenStreetMap and probably other groups
● No common methodology and no coordination
● Difficulty to assess all the areas to prioritize
● Missing imagery for the base map of some priority areas
● Competition to map places like Tacloban; other places neglected
● In the context of a meteo related disaster, Imagery of 50 cm of poor quality do not let evaluate with high precision the damages – as expressed by UNOSAT on maps published and pre-Haiyan reports
Reach Analysis of OSM contributions should be extended to all groups, comparing results with OSM. They should also take account of the reports following the Haiti Earthquake
► Necessity to prepare before disasters, have clear methodology, goals and coordination between the various organizations
Rapid access to Imagery Archive Catalogs of Imagery Providers for better response For more granularity and flexibility, Civil Drone or Oblique images could come to the rescue
Haiyan Typhoon UNOSAT Damage Assessments for Ormoc, Leyte
● From Worldview Imagery 50cm, Nov.13. UNOSAT states :“Due to the resolution of the imagery and cloud coverage this damage analysis is an estimate of damaged structures and does not reflect the actual total of damaged structures in Ormoc City. This is a preliminary analysis & has not yet been validated in the field.”
Imagery Pre-Post Disaster
Tacloban, DigitalGlobe, Post-Disaster 50cm
Tacloban, Civil Drone, Post-Disaster 4cm by CorephilThese Drone images were available after the Activation only
Tacloban, Civil Drone, Post-Disaster DETAIL
Ebola Outbreak, West Africa, Mar.2014
Mobilisation against an unprecedented Ebola epidemic
● Deadly and very contagious epidemy
● Spreads for the first time in vast regions
● The priority is to locate and isolate suspected cases
Ebola Outbreak
● Coordinators : Pierre Béland and Andrew Buck, assisted by Amadou Ndong
● MSF identified 3 cities as top priority to investigate about the ebola epidemy and bought imagery. CartONG, with a GIS specialist on the ground, assured the interface between MSF and HOT. They were impressed by the result : 12 hours for detail mapping of Gueckedou, a city of 250,000 people, 20 hours for 3 cities.
● Negociation for free Imagery with Airbus Defense and Mapbox / Digitalglobe permitted to trace the road network and villages outbound for neighbooring regions
● Detailed map is very important especially when going from door to door
● Some Epidemy softwares now based on OpenStreetMap to follow the patient contacts
● Andrew Buck preliminary study – Estimation of population from Landuse surface
Ebola Outbreak HOT Response● March 23 - HOT Members begin monitoring news reports about the
outbreak and informing community
● March 24 - HOT Activation at the request for activation from CartONG and MSF-CH; initial plans are to map three cities in Guinea
● Search for Imagery since Bing Imagery is not available for the three towns
● March 26 - Reception of high resolution imagery bought by MSF for the 3 main towns, creation of task manager jobs and appeal to contributors to map
● Detailed mapping for the three towns is realized in 20 hours, including Gueckedou (250,000 people).
● Coordination with CartONG. Red Cross joins later. CartONG assures the interface with the GIS teams on the ground; they contribute to complete the map, adding the neighbourhoods.
● Road and villages are mapped in the neighbooring regions
● Study to estimate village population based on superficy
Ebola Outbreak HOT ResponseThe OSM base map was needed by MSF and Red Cross for monitoring the epidemy and to travel in the region. Time was a key element for this Activation
Priorities
● Communications : The OSM contributors, developpers and other organizations are invited to participatediscussion list, #hot irc, Twitter, HOT Updates
● Areas to map : Humanitarian requests / VISOV analysis of Social medias
● Imagery : Obtain, process and host imagery on servers (OSM-Fr and Mapbox servers)
● Adapt product and services to humanitarian needsSimilar services as for Haiyan were offered
Ebola Outbreak HOT coordinationhttps://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/2014_West_Africa_Ebola_Response
Ebola Outbreak VISOV Map, Epidemy contacts http://umap.openstreetmap.fr/fr/map/esov-suivi-epidemie-ebola_6356#6/9.113/-9.152
In SummaryCrowdsourcing geospatial data
Haiti , 2010 (600 mappers, 1.3 million objects approx.)
● Base Map plus identification of Road blocks and refugee camps; inventory of public infrastructures
● Navigation data for rescue teams : Daily updates
● OpenStreetMap data used in derivative products : Ushahid Impact Maps, Damage assessment
● Showed the capacity of the Remote volunteers to support UN Agencies and International organizations
Crowdsourcing geospatial dataHaiti , 2010 (600 mappers, 1.3 million objects approx.)
Philippines, Nov.2013 (1,600 mappers, 4.5 million objects)
● Crowdsourcing Base Map tracing, identification of Road blocks
● Navigation data for rescue teams : Hourly updates (Garmin and OSMAnd Android)
● Damage Asssesments
● Humanitarian style + damaged buildings ► Derived products
● Poster sized Paper maps for Red Cross Teams with the Humanitarian style, 10 days after Haiyan landing
● Training of field teams for data collection with OSM Softwares
Organizing OSM contributors contributed to more efficient work
►More efficient Coordination - Early identification of priority areas - Archived Images Availibility - Assessment methods and Goals - Distribution among various groups of areas to cover (+ Map who does what ?)
Crowdsourcing geospatial dataHaiti , 2010 (600 mappers, 1.3 million objects approx.)
Philippines, Nov.2013 (1,600 mappers, 4.5 million objects)
Ebola Outbreak, West Africa, March 2014 (363 mappers, 1.6 million objects)
● 3 major towns traced in 20 hours; Neighboring regions were later covered
● Extracts for GIS Analysis : Daily updates
● Navigation data for rescue teams : Daily updates (Garmin and OSMAnd Android)
● MSF ►Geospatial tools should be part of the answer for future epidemics
OpenStreetMap Tools and ServicesIn the context of Activations
OpenStreetMap
Humanitarian Style
Transport Style ---> Minimal
Osmose : Quality control
Query Tools : Overpass Service, Building and Road status visualization using
Overpass OSM Extract Querieshttp://overpass-turbo.eu/s/1xj https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Damaged_buildings_crisis_mapping
HOT Exports http://export.hotosm.org/
● Exports in various formats for Gis Analysis
Derived OSM Maps OSM layers are integrated in various products
Red Cross UN-FAO GISCorps ESRI MapBox, etc.
Umap Service : POI's and dynamic url
Yolanda Typhoon GeonodeData Mart to offer exports with various formats
● Road, Bridge damages (extract from OSM)
IOM personal Joe Lowry CCBYSA2.0 http://flic.kr/p/hHMxee
“You should see people's faces light up when we arrive with a load of OpenStreetMap posters”
Dale Kunce – American Red Cross
American Red Cross. Used with permission https://twitter.com/RedCross/status/401088520481042432
Field Teams
Wireless equipment innovations to support Offline road navigation and editing OpenStreetMap to share data with other organizations
Haiyan Typhoon Navigation dataRobert Banick, Red Cross
“When I was in Tacloban, I ran into a Red Cross team handing out relief supplies. They told me that OpenStreetMap—which we loaded onto their GPS devices as they deployed—was super useful. The maps saved them from getting lost or wasting time when they had to reroute off damaged roads. They were able to give directions to Filipino drivers. It all leads to more efficient delivery of supplies to people affected by Typhoon Haiyan.”
Wireless toolsOSMTracker for Android
● Download OSM Background● Edit Offline, save tracks, update with JOSM● add note
Wireless tools OsmAnd Navigation Android
● Online and Offline OSM data● Style plugins ex.Contour llines
Wireless toolsOsmAnd Navigation Android
OpenStreetMap OpenData Let's humanitarians share with other organizations
OSMCER
CER
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● Informal networks based on trust, prior experience, and common training proved essential to effective coordination.
Rapid Needs assessment
● A quick situational awareness report provides greater value than a detailed needs assessment in the initial days following wide-scale devastation.
● In Tacloban, imagery proved more effective in conducting rapid needs assessment.