how openstreetmap responds to disaster crisis : digital revolutions workshop bergen, norway,...

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Digital Revolutions: New Information Technology
Tools in 21st Century Politics
How OpenStreetMap respond to Disaster Crisis
Pierre Bland, Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team Volunteer
Norvegian Center for Humanitarian Studies (CMI), Bergen, Norway, 2015-11-02

OpenStreetMap and HOT in Disaster Responses

Recent ActivationsContributorsObjects edited

Haiyan Typhoon, Philippines, Nov. - Dec. 2013

1,6004.5 million

West Africa Ebola outbreak, Mar.2014 - Mar.2015

3,31215.4 million

Vanuatu Archipel Typhoon, Mar.2015

3400.7 million

Nepal Earthquake, Apr-June 2015

7,12517.4 million

We support humanitarian teams in the disaster zones
for various Map needs: Humanitarians that deploy to the zone and provide relief to the population

UN Agencies, International organizations, Logisticians that plan intervention, evaluate number of people affected, ressources to deploy

GIS specialists that support the organizations in the field

Humanitarian aid and Health teams travelling that need rapid access to various areas

Transport truck fleets, etc.

OSMA multitude of tools / products including on mobile devices

Flexible Organization / Coordination with DHN, Imagery providers, UN Agencies, in ternational organizations

Various expertise from developpers and OSM / HOT volunteers Requests We interface with ressources

Capacity to Crowdsource, to adapt to various situations and deliver rapidly Maps & Services of quality

Great opportunity in Philippines and Nepal disasters to coordinate with OSM local community

OSM Ecosystem, Coordination with PartnersOSM is a Remote effort essentially.

The DHN partners, other organizations and field teams to provide the Information gaps

Workflows to build together Data Collection, integration of OSM basemap in products

Trust, interconnections and orientation discussions to be developped both with partners and the Core Volunteers.

OpenStreetMap / HOT Services available immediatelyMaps & Services (Free and OpenData)

Data Exports for GIS analysis, Mobile devices Offline maps and road navigation (Android, IOS, GPS) Daily updates, more frequent when needed

HOT Softwares to coordinate crowdsourcing, export Data

Online Map and Road navigation, Paper maps, FieldPapers

Quality Control tools, Query Tools

Local communities to support
field teams -> Philippines and
Nepal experience


Instant availibity of Maps & Services (Free and OpenData)

Data Exports Daily updates more frequent in the context of crisis and rapid updates of the database

OSM is a large Community of developpers and contributors

This is the civil society participating to support international organizations.

Adaptations from the organizattions were necessary on both side to adapt both to the Crowsourcing, coordination of volunteers through internet, outreach.learn how to work with others.

Adaptations were also necessary from the HOT Teams coordinating with UN agencies and international organizations with stricter rules of communication.

Quick Response to support humanitarian teams in the disaster zones Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team Collective effort with the partners. Various technical and organizational aspects to take into account

Remote Volunteers coordinate with the Digital Humanitarian partners, Imagery providers, Damage assessment organizations, UN Agencies, International organizations, GIS specialists

Imagery acquisition and processing

Adapt the response to the context of each crisis

Crowdsource Remote Mapping / Monitor / Evaluate / Correct

Feedback, correctionsGIS specialists

People in the field


A Mix of System + Maps & services readily available Expertise,Voluntarism, economic actors,Crowdsourcing effort

Long term viable? Important to manage tensions, to respect the Volunteers expertise, the partners contributions

Haiyan Response, Philippines, 2013Humanitarian organizations saw the potential of OpenStreetMap Maps & Services in Crisis Context. OSM / HOT adapted rapidly to provide various Poster maps, plus revising Map styles to show damaged buildings


http://umap.openstreetmap.fr/en/map/hot-yolanda-haiyan-typhoon-activation_3628#8/11.558/124.887Red : Post-disaster, blue : pre-disaster

HOT / OSM community Activation for the Haiyan Typhoon, Nov 8, 2013

This map shows the crowdsource effort. The polygons correspond to the various Task Manager jobs to coordinate the remote mapping effort through internet.

OpenStreetMapHumanitarian Style

Transport Style ---> Minimal

West Africa Ebola outbreak, 2014, Zones covered by the OSM Response

uMap

http://umap.openstreetmap.fr/en/map/west-africa-ebola-outbreak-zones-covered-by-the-op_13842#6/8.081/-12.019This map shows the crowdsource effort. The polygons correspond to the various Task Manager jobs Coordination / Validation of the Crowdsoruce remote mapping effort through internet.Phase 1: MSF Switzerland + CartONG 3 towns context of fragile health systems
- extend 2 border countries Sierra Leone + Liberia
- Imagery missing Coordination with Imagery providers- June, restart after a pause Large urban areas to cover Monrovia, Freetown, Conakry- Mid august UNMEER extension to cover regions in the 3 countries most affected

West Africa Ebola Outbreak, March December 2014

MSF Switzerland - Mar 2014GIS specialists deployed with epidemiologists in the field

Acquisition of Imagery for the first 3 towns

Activate HOT to support contact case tracingQuick mapping of territories as the outbreak spread higways, villages, houses

Village names to facilitate locating people at risk

Free aerial imageryprovided by HIU US State Department, Airbus Defence and Space, MapBox helped complete Bing Imagery in areas not yet covered

Thousand of MSF / Red Cross volunteers travelling on the territory

UNMEER August 2014Deployment of international teams to support the development of the health sector and economic development in the 3 countries most affected

OpenStreetMap extends the mapping to large zones in these countries


Medical staff, logisticians and thousand of of responders in the field that locate people at risk rely on Maps. Information and communication is part of the response.

One of the biggest challenge is tracing all contacts of an infected person > Tracing outbreaks with mapping and geolocation

Village names are necessary to locate rapidly the contact persons

OpenstreetMap Response - 2015 Nepal Earthquake

Google CrisisMap to monitor imagery

Previous ActivationsImagery, Post-Disaster Assessment, Coordination, experiments with drone Workflows / coordination to develop

Nepal Post-Disaster Imagery acquisition

Great effort of satellite company that re-oriented their satellite and took pictures day after day at this monsoon season.


KLL traced Kathmandu years prior to the earthquake

04-25 Pre-Disaster Trace roads

04-28 Post-Disaster Kathmandu + Banepa IDP Camps

04-28 Pre-Disaster Trace Buildings Gorkha, Sindhupalchowk, Dunche, Langtang, etc

05-01 Post-Disaster outside Kathmandu Gorkha

05-01 Import place names

Timeline

Timeline

Pre-DisasterKathmandu valley was already traced by Kathmandu Living Labs

Day 1: Highway Network, mountain paths

Day 4: villages outline, buildings, Helico landing

Day 7: Place names

Post-disaster

Day 4: IDP Camps Kathmandu valley (2 days)

Day 11: IDP camps, damaged villages outside Kathmandu (jobs progressed slowly and are not completed)


Crowdsourcing effort
Statistics of OSM Contributions

For the first week, an average of 1 million objects edited / day and 1,000 contributors daily
In comparison, 1 million objects for the first month in Haiti, jan. 2010.

OpenStreetMap is an open system and anybody can open an account to edit or organize a mapathon. The quality control / validation process is essential to assure quality, accuracy of data.


Long tail of contribution
The first 500 contributors contributed to 75% of the edits

4,850 contributors
(68% of contributors) participated only one day. They contributed to 10% of objects edited.

Often, this was their first day of contribution.


Features added to OSM

Profile, 04-24 06-07

Total correspond to 06-07

Objects added 04-25 to 06-07

Objects 04-24

OSM Edits in the six weeks of Activation

Building geometry often corrected New contributors trace imprecise geometry

Indetermed Features represent only one percent of Data, but a high propotion of objects deleted

Source: OsmPlanetStats, Pierre Bland


Source: OSMPlanetStats, Pierre Bland

Prior to the earthquake, the Nepal OSM community added 48,000 km of roads. From Apr.25, the international OSM community and various support groups contributed adding an other 60,000 km to trace unclassified roads, tracks and paths in the remote areas.

Quality + Rapidity are essential to a good response

Crowdsource Mapping Earlier we correct problems, better it isTutorials

Clear instructions Jobs for beginners

OSM Editors adapted to new contributorsFunctions that facilitate edit specific features (ie Building geometry + Tags), Side Instruction Panel, etc.

Validation function inside the Editor that the contributor understand easily

Tasking Manager validation limited to experienced mappers

Assure a better workflow controlMonitoring contributors, identify early the problems

Other Validations including Semantic


OSM Semantic Ontologic precisionAttributes are not fixed. This let place for constant innovation. But represent also a challenge to assure that features are identified by the various applications


Ontologic precision vs OSM Feature Key Value pairs
Nearly 1,000 Common Key-Value pairs represent OSM features (Map_features wiki)99% of the objects in OSM Nepal 2015-04-24 and 2015-06-07 can be represented as Features since they use a Common Key-Value
(The Visible part to softwares)


1% -The Invisible part Syntax error, no attributes, errors, or simply notes added Examples Highway=residential (Uppercase)

highways=residential (s suffix)

highway=Blvd xxx (a name in the Value Field)

Damage=I think that this building has collapsed,

Etc.

Semantic analysis of the OSM Planet data - 04-24 and 06-07

Various studies confirmed the good quality of the OSM dataGood results even in emergency context

To respond quickly and efficiently, the earlier we can correct such data, the better it is Tutorials, clear instructions, Editors adapted to new contributors.

Various Validation, Qualiy control tools

Semantic analysis to complete these controls

Semantic Analysis of OSM Tags Bring the Invisible into Light

JOSM Editor > MapStyle to Test integration of semantic validation To switch the focus from the Visible to the Invivisble portion of Data NoFeature Validation Style highlights Objects with no Valid Feature
(ie (highway, building, landuse, office, shop, etc)


NoFeature Validation MapStyle

Appendix Various examples

West Africa Ebola outbreak Detailed mapping of the urban areas
Before / After map of Monrovia
http://pierzen.dev.openstreetmap.org/hot/leaflet/OSM-Compare-before-after.html#14/6.3334/-10.7868



Nepal Earthquake, 2015
Map from USGS shows epicentre and aftershocks
on an OpenStreetMap (Mapquest) Relief Basemap

OSM integrated in various products

Gis Data Marts Layers of various features
OSM query tools integrated in GIS softwares

http://yolandadata.org/maps/new?layer=geonode:damage_lines

Yolanda Content Management From Geonode platform

Explore, Export Maps

IOM personal Joe Lowry CCBYSA2.0 http://flic.kr/p/hHMxee

Poster Maps, City index

American Red Cross. Used with permission https://twitter.com/RedCross/status/401088520481042432

OsmAnd Offline Navigation
on small devices

Presentation available from slideshare.net/pierzen

% of create% of delete% of modify

Building0.5373832429101660.3450098997760380.709778956289976

Network0.2877458982699650.1981758445464680.146081386380917

Nature0.0694449782545880.03739194096920430.0210841116146737

Landuse0.07028065040843250.1227187537943130.0240154411744667

Damage0.01575492748247160.0147685183515520.0163752483369261

POI's0.002497719014004960.02544488884240540.00600437127494611

Other0.0001177188631959660.001426962253422240.000557650957510881

Ind0.01677486479717690.2550631914665970.0761028339705838

04-24'04-24 06-07

Building11209497071205

Networks17028013771483

Nature1156585901993

Landuse148258810658

Damage313225918

POI's623399585

Other4044313437

Ind2063326489

Process and Host Imagery (TMS Server). Used in OSM Editors as background image to trace the buildings and roadsHumanitarian mapping workflow : Revise the Tagging schema for damaged buildings and infrastructuresExtracts : Provide frequent updatesTools and Services : Revision to show Damaged buildings Online nd Paper maps.Wednesday 13th Nov : Starts Post-disaster Mapping (damaged buildings and road blocks) of Tacloban. Friday Nov. 15th : In week, more then 900 OpenStreetMap mappers have contributed to this response. They have modified more than 2 million objects on the map (1.3 million for Haiti)

C. Heipke, Crowdsourcing geospatial data, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 65, pp. 550-557, Nov 2010.

how openstreetmap responds to disaster crisis : digital revolutions workshop bergen, norway,...

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