manual operacion aas 100 series

7/29/2019 Manual Operacion Aas 100 Series

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Operation Manual forAAS-100 SERIES

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETER

PLEASE READ THIS MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE

OPERATION

3, Hagavish st. Israel 58817 Tel: 972 3 5595252, Fax: 972 3 5594529

[email protected]

MRC.VER.01-3.12


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CONTENT

POINTS FOR ATTENTION TOTOTOTO FLAME OPERATION ................................ 3

Safety 1 .................................................................................................................5

Safety 2 .................................................................................................................7

Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................14

1.2 Main Features ...............................................................................................................14

1.3 Structure .......................................................................................................................15

1.4 Fundament ....................................................................................................................16

1.5 Performance Characteristics.......................................................................................18

1.6 Models, Specifications and Standard Configuration.................................................19

1.7 Electronic Safety classification....................................................................................21

Chapter 2 Environment Requirements ........................................................... 22

2.1 Working Environment .................................................................................................22

2.2 Transportation and storage condition........................................................................22

2.3 Laboratory Conditions for Safety Operation ............................................................22

2.4 Other Requirements.....................................................................................................25

Chapter 3 Installation.....................................................................................27

3.1 Acceptable goods ..........................................................................................................27

3.2 Unpacking.....................................................................................................................27

3.3 Installation ....................................................................................................................27

3.4 Acceptance Inspection..................................................................................................38

Chapter 4 Software Operation...................................................................43

4.1 Enter the Software........................................................................................................43

4.2 Edit Analytical Method................................................................................................43

4.3 Setting of Analytical Conditions .................................................................................46

4.4 Selection of Graphite Furnace Conditions (Only for AAS-110A/120A/130A)........51

4.5 Selection of Hydride Generator Method Condition..................................................52


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4.6 Flame Atomic Emission Method (only for AAS-110A/110B/120A/120B) ...............53

4.7 Modify Existed Method................................................................................................53

4.8 Delete Existed Method .................................................................................................54

4.9 Selection of Analytical Method....................................................................................55

4.10 Analytical Project Design ..........................................................................................55

4.11 Operations...................................................................................................................61

4.12 Flow Diagram .............................................................................................................70

Chapter 5 Enriched Oxygen Air-Acetylene Flame ....................................71

5.1 Introduction of enriched oxygen air-acetylene flame................................................71

5.2 Operation of enriched oxygen air-acetylene flame....................................................72

Chapter 6 Maintenance and Service.............................................................75

6.1 Attention Points for Maintenance...............................................................................75

6.2 Replacements and Adjustments of Components and Parts......................................75

6.3 Daily Maintenance........................................................................................................77

6.4 Circuit Schematic and Function Description.............................................................80

6.5 Trouble Shooting..........................................................................................................86


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POINTS FOR ATTENTION TOTOTOTO FLAME OPERATION

1. Make sure that the gas lines are all correctly connected.2. Be sure that the water seal has been well formed before ignition.3. Before ignition, be sure that the O2 and C2H2 flow have been turned clockwise to minimum.4. Ignition procedure: a. Adjust the outlet pressure of the air compressor to 0.3Mpa more. b. Press down the

ignition button. c. After hearing the solenoid valve sounds, slowly turn the C2H2 flow knob

counterclockwise to 1-1.5L/min. The ignition button should be pressed several times if there is air

remaining in the piping.

5. Flame shutdown procedure: Firstly close the main valve of the C2H2 cylinder (clockwise to minimum).After all the C2H2 in the piping is fully burned out, switch off the C2H2 flow.

6. A special C2H2 regulator should be used for C2H2 supply. The C2H2 piping shouldnt be made of orcontain Cu, Ag, Hg or their alloys.

7. Before O2 flame operation, operators should study the descriptions in the operation manual carefully.8. To make an O2 flame, ignite the ordinary flame first. Then slowly increase the C2H2 and O2 flow

alternately until the required flame temperature is reached. During the flow increasing, the C2H2 flow

should be increased first. Make sure the set oxygen flow will not exceed 70% of the set C2H2 flow and

less than 5L/min.

9. To shutdown the O2 flame, decrease the O2 and C2H2 flow alternately. The O2 flow should be decreasedfirst. Make sure the O2 flow will not exceed 70% of C2H2 flow. When it becomes an ordinary flame,

follow the procedure in Item 5 to shutdown the flame. The O2 and C2H2 flow knobs should be turned to

its minimum position.

10. Check if the alarm system works well: After igniting the flame, switch off the air supply, the flame shouldextinguish and alarm should sound; After re-igniting the flame and put a piece of paper in front of the

light-control hole on the left wall of the sample compartment, the flame should extinguish and alarm should

sound. If there is anything abnormal, shown down the flame and check.

Important:

Please Read the Following Carefully Before Operating theInstrument!!!


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11. If ignitions according to the instructed procedure cannot be made, contact your local distributor. Dontuses the naked fire for ignition to avoid danger occurs.

After switching off the instrument, dont cover the combustion chamber to keep good ventilation.


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Safety 1

Read this section carefully before using our instrument to avoid person injure or instrument damage

accidents occurring. If those accidents occur because of transgressing the operation procedures stipulated in

this manual, user should bear responsibility for them.

1.1. If person hasnt been specially trained, the instrument must not be operated.

1.2. Do not install or use this instrument when falling short of the conditions and requirements mentioned

in this manual.

1.3. Do not use this instrument in non-AA analysis or test.

1.4. Do not be allowed to install or repair or replace the accessories or software of the instrument without

the authority of MRC Corporation.

1.5. To avoid the computer virus attacking the computer and making the system broken down, do not travel

on Internet or play games in the computer special used for the analysis.

1.6. Requirements of gas source storage.

1.6.1 It is strictly prohibited that the oxygen steel cylinder and the acetylene steel cylinder can never be put

in the same room! The acetylene steel cylinder should be stored in a well-ventilated room without any fire

source or hidden fire danger nearby!

1.6.2 Steel cylinders should be stored nearby the laboratory. The distance must be more than 10 meters. The

gas pipes should be prevented from impact, squeeze, roast and chemical corrosion.

1.6.3 All steel cylinders should be placed firm and avoid falling down. The gas steel cylinders should be

placed vertically. Fire caution must be marked in the room stored the steel cylinders. Fire extinguisher must

be equipped in the room.

1.7. Requirements of gases

1.7.1 Acetylene is combustible and detonatable gas, it is very important for keeping good ventilation

condition in the room placed the instrument. An evacuating device must be installed above the instrument.

1.7.2 Check all valves and pipes if there is gas leakage before using the instrument. If so, stop using and

replace new pipe or new valve.

1.7.3 Before igniting the instrument, check the water seal of the liquid discharging piping is in normal case,

otherwise, the fire back will be occurred.


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1.7.4 Be sure that the acetylene switch on the instrument is in the state of OFF before opening the main

valve of acetylene cylinder. Open or close the main valve of the cylinders with a special spanner. Do not

knock it. The main valve can be turned 1~1.5 circles in maximum. Check the main valve with soap water

regularly (three times a week). If the leakage exists, replace it in time. Operation procedures of the oxygen

cylinder are the same as the acetylene.

1.7.5 After the analysis, firstly close the main valve on the acetylene cylinder. When the acetylene in pipe is

burned out, the instrument can be powered off. Then shut off the acetylene switch and air compressor.

Avoid the acetylene left in the instrument.

1.7.6 There is solvent, such as acetone in the acetylene cylinder. If the exit pressure is less than 0.5MPa, it

is required to replace a new cylinder to avoid the solvent flow out. The acetylene pressure meter on the

cylinder should be checked regularly. Ensure the meter to show the correct output pressure value.

1.7.7 If the humidity in the instrument room is more than 70%, the dehumidify apparatus should be used to

make the humidity being less than 50%.

1.7.8 Check if the water seal is good enough before ignition! Otherwise flashback will be occurred.

1.7.9 The cathode metals of some hollow cathode lamps are harmful to human body or pollutant. When

they are damaged or obsolete, handle with them according to laboratory standard methods, and do not

throw them away randomly.


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Safety 2

2.1. Characteristics of acetylene

2.1.1 Physical and chemical characteristics

Appearance and olfaction: Colorless and liquefied solution gas.

Flavor: pure flavorless, but the acetylene has been sold on the market with some special garlic flavor.

Molecular quantity: 26.04

Molecular formula: C2 H2

Boiling point: -75

Melting Point: -82.2

Flash Point: -18

Explosion bounds: low explosion limited: -2.55%, up explosion limited: -81%

Self-combustion temperature: 305

Density of vaporization (air=1, 20): 1atm: 0.906

Density of the liquid: (-82), 1atm, 0.621

Vapor pressure: (21.1), 4.375Mpa

Specific volume: (20), 1atm.....................9.1710-4

m3/g.

Solubility in acetone: 15, 1atm, 20m3/m

3

15, 12atm, 240m3/m

3

2.1.2 Generation of the acetylene

Hydrogen atom on the triple bond is weak acid. (PKa=25), it can be replaced by metal element, and

generated to be the acetylene.

The reaction generating acetylene Ag or Acetylene Cu is very sensitivity, so the acetylene and the end-base


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alkyne can be identified by these.

The dry acetylene Ag or Acetylene Cu blow up easily when they are heated or be shake and then create

metal and carbon.

Ag-CC-Ag 2Ag + 2C + 364KJ/molAfter finishing the experiment, please add the hydrochloric acid immediately to decompose the acetylene to

avoid the dangerous.

2.1.3 Chemical stability and reaction activity

Chemical stability: instability

Harm decomposed material: Hydrogen and carbon.

Conditions should be avoided: avoid explosion and whenever cylinders lay down. Using pressure cant

exceed 0.1Mpa, the steel cylinder should avoid the temperature higher than 40, and avoid crash and far

away from the fire source.

Materials should be avoided: oxide, halogen, and halide.

2.1.4 Toxicity: no toxicity but the asphyxia will be caused.

Part effect: sensitization.

Slow toxicity or long-term toxicity: NPT, IARC, or OSHA Subpart Z hasnt been listed within the

carcinogen or incubation carcinogen materials.

2.2. Safety requirement for acetylene gas

Users should know and understand something about the configuration of cylinder and the characteristics of

the acetylene. The following basic safety rules are described, such as: storage, operation and using guide of

the acetylene cylinder.

2.2.1 Configuration and requirement of the steel cylinder.(1). The empty cylinder with standard dimension is equipped with air-compressor devices including:

safety reducer device, valve and protecting cap.

(2). Each cylinder is fulfilled with multi-hole filter material, including: diatomaceous earth, char,

asbestos and cement. Acetylene cylinder is filled with packing material and dissolvent

(3). Acetone is fulfilled in the cylinder and all of the packing material. The acetone is solvent, it can

dissolve the acetylene gas filled in the cylinder. Acetylene gas can be stored and used in the cylinder.

(4). According to the requirements, the working pressure should be 1.72Mpa while the temperature is 21

, Originally, when the pressure is reached up to two or three times of the working pressure, make the


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fluid statics detect on the cylinder. The acetylene cylinder should be check and recognized timely. Cylinder

body must be re-recognized within ten years from its production. And per ten years it should be recognized.

The cylinder body and packing materials only can be recognized by the authorized organizations.

(5). The physical description of the cylinder.

Size Cylinder Net weight

kg

Gross Weight

kg

Gas volume m3

1 21.32 23.81 2.123

2 31.75 35.83 3.679

3 45.36 51.26 5.377

4 79.38 89.70 9.339

5 83.92 95.14 10.188

2.3 Storage, transportation and usage of the acetylene cylinder2.3.1 Storage:

(1). Place the cylinder in the site where is satisfied with the ventilation, safety, and protection against the

shine and rain. Temperature of the storage area cant exceed 40, and there mustnt put combustible

materials, Strictly prohibit the smoke and fireworks. Keep the distance from stuffed area and urgent exits.

(2). The cylinder should be put firmly and upright with proper locked valve outlet cap and valve

protection cap. Residual and full cylinder should be separately placed. Using the First in and the first out

principle to avoid the overdue of the stored acetylene. Record the inventory regularly.

(3) Rotate the valve tightly when it is unused. Far away from heating source, fire source or incompatible

materials such as oxide more than 8 meters. Or set a 1.5m high fire wall, which fire prevention speed

should not be less than half an hour.

(4) Grounded ventilation and electric devices without spark should be used to avoid fire.

(5) Regularly check the cylinders for breakage and leakage. Protect the cylinder bottom to avoid

contacting damp floor.

(6) Make the caution marks on proper places. Treatment and storage should abide principles of

inflammable and compress gas.

2.3.2 Transportation:

(1) Forwarders should been trained for carrying such special dangerous materials.

(2) Special transportation ways and points for attention: Fixed and standing upright on the truck with

well ventilation conditions. Cylinders mustnt be transported in the back case of cars. Make sure that the


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valve cap and the cylinder cap have been re-installed and locked well.

2.3.3 Usage:

(1) For the cylinders, the actions of pull, push, roll or kick all are prohibited. The cylinders should be

transported by a specialized barrow. Strictly prohibit hanging the cylinders with cap. Make sure the

cylinders are fixed firmly while it is in using.

(2) Prohibit to operate the cylinders rudely and unconcernedly to avoid the cylinders and the packing

materials to be damaged.

(3) Using check-valve to avoid reverse flowing to enter into the cylinder. The cylinder body is prohibited

to be heated and far away from the fire.

(4) Dont use it unless there is no any Leakages on pipelines and equipments. Before using the acetylene

device, check pressure regulator, pipelines and connectors of cylinders with soap water.

(5) Steel and wrought iron are recommended for using on the acetylene piping. Pressed-steel, cast-steel,

or cast iron device can be used, but pig-iron can be never used any more. Explosive acetylene series may be

generated if those materials are used. Pure copper, pure silver or mercury can not be contacted directly with

the acetylene. Copper, 70-30 brass or aluminum bronze with damp acetylene will generate the explosive

acetylene substance. The weight (not pressure) is used to determine the acetylene quantity. Gross weight

(includes cylinder, packing materials, acetone, valve, saturated gas and safety plug, but except for the

cylinder cap) is used to subtract the real weight, and then use the difference to multiple 9.1710-4

to

determine the gas quantity in m3

unit.

(6) Please slowly turn on the cylinder valve when it has been connected with the instrument. If there is

any difficult to open the cylinder, please stop it immediately and inform of the vendor as soon as possible.

Dont use tools (such as: screw driver, spanner, etc) to insert the open holes located at both sides of the

cylinder cap to open it, otherwise, the cylinder valve will be damaged to cause the gas leakage. Adjustable

ringed chain spanner should be used to open the tighten cylinder cap. The cylinder valve cant be turned

more than 1.5 circles. In order to decrease quantity of the injection solvent to the minimum, in

discontinuous using period, extraction speed of the acetylene should be less than 1/10 of the cylinder

volume in per hour; In continuous using, extraction speed of the acetylene should be less than 1/15 of the

cylinder volume in per hour.

(7) Make sure that the full-filled cylinders are used. The marks must be made clearly on the empty and

the residual cylinders so as to identify their using status.


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(8) When the cylinder is unused or empty, turn off the valve to avoid the air entry. Please does never use

the acetylene gas thoroughly off. Lock the outlet cap of the valve by a spanner after completed the

determination. Turn off the cylinder valve, and release the pressures inside of the pressure regulator and the

instrument. It is needed to equip the emergency devices to put out fire or deal with the gas leakage.

(9) If the surface of the cylinder has sharp or deep depressed, cut, etc, please make marks on the

cylinders and inform of the vendor. Any of people can never be allowed to repair the cylinders except for

the qualified person from its manufacture.

(10) When using the cylinders, safety glasses, safety shoes and normal gloves should be put on the

operators.

2.3.4 Engineering Control:Provide natural and explosion-proof ventilation conditions to keep the concentration in the room less than

the explosion limit.

2.3.4.1 Treatment of the waste gas.

(1) Unused and residual gases should be returned to the vendor. Dont handle with it by yourself.

(2) If there are proper combustion devices on the site, burn off the residual gas in the system to avoid

polluting the environment.

2.3.4.2 Safety requirement when using the air-acetylene flame operation or analyzing samples such as

copper, mercury and silver.

According to the above description for the chemical and physical characteristics, copper, mercury and

silver will be easily generated to be metal acetylene compound when meeting the acetylene. When it is

heated and shocked, it might be decomposed and exploded. Therefore, the following operating regulations

must be followed when the above three elements are determined with the air-acetylene flame operation.

(1) The connection piping from the outside of the acetylene source to the instrument in the room can

never use the copper, silver and mercury or the alloy materials.

(2) When completing the determination with the air-acetylene operation per day, turn off the cylinder

valve under igniting state. Let the residual gas inside of the piping burn off as much as possible, the flame

is naturally off. Afterwards, turn off the voltage regulator, at last, switch off the air-compressor.

(3) Before the determination by the air-acetylene flame operation, firstly take off the cover of the

instrument, power on the ventilation device installed above the instrument for about 20 minutes so as to

avoid the explosion caused by the residual gases in the room.


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(4) Regularly check the pipelines, connectors and valves for the gas leakage. Repair it properly if there is

the gas leakage existing.

(5) If the concentration of the copper, silver and mercury are very high, dilute it as possible as it can be

within the allowance range of the instrumental sensitivity.

(6) When determining the high concentration samples such as: copper, silver or mercury, sucking and

spraying solution time should not be so long. Spray promptly the de-ion water for 5~10 minutes after

completing to suck in the sample per time.

(7) After completing all the determinations, absorb and spray the de-ion water for 20 minutes more or

less with the flame.

(8) Regularly (once a week) clean the nebulizing system to eliminate the residual samples with the high

concentration.

(9) During the analysis, if hearing some slightly explosion sound or any other abnormal sound, promptly

the flame is off, and then check every part of the nebulizing system.

(10) When the flame operation is selected, users should try the best effort to avoid compression, crashing

or other pressure impact.

2.3.5. Proposal of the accident

2.3.5.1 Handle with being on fire: The acetylene is flammable gas, special carefully for flame off, the

acetylene sources must be cut off. It is very important to avoid the acetylene gas accumulating in a narrow

space, because the fire and explosion can be again caused. The fusible metal plug on the top and the base of

the cylinder can be melt down at 100. In this case, the fusible metal plug is melt, the fire from it can be

sprayed to about 4~6 meters away.

(1) If one cylinder got fire and will link to the other cylinders, the moment, spray water to the cylinders

to get down their temperatures. It is very important to avoid their fusible metal plug being melt down.

(2) If all cylinders got fire, people must get away from the area as soon as possible and leave the

experienced person to take in charge of it. Turn off the valve to cut off the acetylene if it is possible, and

then try to get off the combustion materials. Burn off the residual gas if stopping the leakage impossible to

avoid the gas accumulation to cause the mixture gases burning again.

(3) Suitable fire-extinguish agent: Chemical drying powder, carbon dioxide and water should be used.

Never put out the fire unless the valve of the cylinder is closed.

(4) Special equipment for firemen: Fire-proof dresses must be put on the fire-men and carry positive type


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SCBA.

(5) Product yield after combustion: CO and CO2.

2.3.5.2 Emergent treatment of abnormal leakage.

(1) All of people and cars must escape far away from this area.

(2) Use suitable fire-proof equipment.

(3) Check the concentration if it is higher than 2.5%, if it is so, the fire and the explosion will be

occurred immediately. If the concentration is higher than 10% of the low explosion limit, people and

carriage are prohibited to enter this area.

(4) Eliminate all of the fire sources; use the maximum size of explosion-proof ventilation device. And cut

off the leakage source if it is possible.

(5) Separate the leaked container.

(6) Inform of the vendor if the cylinder is leaked.

(7) If the pipeline inside of the instrument occurs the gas leakage, close the cylinder and discharge the

pressure safely. Blow the pipeline with inert gas before repairing.


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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Applications

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) is a kind of instrument for the inorganic analysis. It is widely

used in environmental protection, medicine, sanitation, metallurgy, geology and petrochemical industry

fields for micro and trace analysis.

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer can analyze more than seventy kinds of elements. With the

development of instrument accessories and analyzing technology, more objects, from element to

morphology and from nonmetallic anion to gas-phase molecule, could be analyzed directly or indirectly.

Fig. 1-1 AAS-100 series AAS

1.2 Main Features

1.2.1 High automation

AAS-100 series AAS including AAS-110A/110B/120A/120B/130A/130B can provide many automatic

functions, such as: auto-wavelength setting, auto-wavelength scan, auto-slit exchange, auto-peak-picking

(except for 130A/130B), and auto-adjust the light (except for 130A/130B). Flame out protection and alarm,

air pressure relief protection and alarm, combustion gas leakage protection and alarm, etc are also provided.

Air-acetylene flame method can be used for models AAS-110B/120B/130B. Air-acetylene flame method

and graphite furnace method can be used for models AAS-110A/120A/130A. They adopt incorporated

atomizer design, which means that the flame atomizer and the graphite furnace atomizer can be switched

randomly when changing analysis method.

Two background correction methods are used such as: Deuterium lamp background correction method and

self-absorption background correction (or S-H method). Models AAS-130A/130B can only provide with D2

lamp background correction technique.


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1.2.2 Enrich oxygen flame analysis technique.

Models AAS-110A/110B instruments adopt an enriched-oxygen air-acetylene flame atomization system

(patent No: 92101560.7) for the first time in the world. The flame temperature changes continuously from

2300 to 2950, so it can substitute for N2O- acetylene flame when analyzing the elements with the high

temperature and it is more safety and conveniently-used. Enrich-oxygen air-acetylene flame is much better

than the air-acetylene flame and the N2O-acetylene flame when analyzing the elements with the high

temperature such as: Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, Yb, Mo, Ga, Sn, etc.

1.2.3 Data processing

Data processing will be performed in computer. Absorbance standard deviation, relative standard deviation,

working curve and instantaneous signal graph will all be shown on the monitor. The working curve and

instantaneous signal graph can be printed out. The multi-instantaneous signal overlapped graphs can be

displayed in order to view the variation of the instantaneous signal.

1.2.4 High sensitivity

The characteristic concentration of the flame method is in the range of mg/L to g/L (characteristic

concentration of Cu is less than 0.04mg/L/1%). The characteristic quantity of the graphite furnace method

is in the range of 10-9

to 10-12

g(The characteristic quantity of Cd is less than 110-12

g).

1.2.5 HCL power supply system with high performance.

Models AAS-110A/110B/120A/120B can use the hollow cathode lamps with the high performance, which

have higher intensity and lower background. The intensity of the hollow cathode lamp with the high

performance is about 3 to 15 times higher than that of the common hollow cathode lamp, so it is helpful to

improve the performance of the instrument.

1.2.6 Photo-electronic temperature-controlled system (for models AAS-110A/120A/130A). FUZZY-PID

technology is adopted with the double-curve mode. Its advantages are: fast heating up speed, accurate

stable temperature-controlled and temperature auto-correction function. It also has high adaptability for the

environment and its temperature-controlled accuracy cant be affected by the live wire wave and the

resistor change of the graphite furnace.

1.3 Structure

1.3.1 Main unit: It consists of light source chamber, sample compartment, monochromator, gas pipeline box

and electronic box.


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1.3.1.1Light source chamber: The hollow cathode lamps and the deuterium lamp are mounted inside of the

light source chamber. For AAS-110A/110B/120A/120B, six HCL lamps mounted can be ignited at the same

time and automatically change-over randomly. For AAS-130A/130B, four HCL lamps mounted can be

switched on at the same time and auto-changeover randomly.

1.3.1.2 Sample compartment: It is used to install the atomizer. Models AAS-110A/120A/130A are provided

with the flame and the graphite furnace atomizer together as a whole body of the instrument. When

changing the analytical method, use the keyboard of the computer automatically to change over between

the flame and the graphite furnace. Rotate the switch valve to change the locking state of the graphite

tube. Models AAS-110B/120B/130B all are the flame atomizer.

1.3.1.3 Monochromator: CT type grating monochromator is adopted in the instrument. It consists of

optical system, sine mechanism of wavelength scan system; and automatic adjustable slit system.

1.3.1.4 Control system of gas pipeline: For AAS-110A/110B, it consists of three gas piping: air, acetylene

and oxygen gases. For AAS-120A/120B/130A/130B, there are only two gas piping, such as: air and

acetylene gases.

1.3.1.5 ElectricBox: Provides with an electric control system.

1.3.2 Computer: It is used as a data processing system and equipped with the printer, which can print out

the analysis data.

1.3.3 Power Source of Graphite Furnace: It is used to supply the atomizer of the graphite furnace. The

techniques of the photo-control temperature and FUZZY-PLD are adopted to make the atomizer of the

graphite furnace quick and stable rising temperature.

1.4 Fundament

Fig. 1-2 Block diagram


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1.4.1 The fundament of the instrument is that the characteristic spectrum of the element to be measured is

emitted from the light source and absorbed by the ground state atoms of the same element in the sample

steam when passing through the flame or the non-flame atomizer. Determine the energy variation of

characteristic wavelength radiation light, and then the content of the element in the sample is obtained.

1.4.2 The fundament of S-H background correction technology is described as the followings. The light

source (hollow cathode lamps) is powered by two kinds of cyclical pulse current with different width and

amplitude. During the wide pulse and low current, the emitting spectrum of the hollow cathode lamp has a

normal spectral line width. While during the narrow pulse and high current powering, the emitting

spectrum band is wider and various self-absorptions occur. Background absorption is caused by molecule

absorption and light scattering, which belongs to wide band absorption. It is not affected by widening

emitting spectrum and self-absorption, so it keeps the same absorption for both normal spectrum and

self-absorption spectrum. However the absorption of the to-be-measured element atoms in the sample is

seriously decreased when the emitting spectrum is widened and self-absorption occurs. So the normal

spectrum signal includes atomic absorption + background absorption, while the self-absorption spectrum

signal includes little atomic absorption + background absorption. The difference value between them is the

atomic absorption signal with background correction. For details about this technology, refer to the

reference books.

1.4.3 Operating procedures of the instrument

(1) The main unit is connected with the computer, ignite the hollow cathode lamp(HCL) selected by the

computer; (2) The HCL radiation light modulated by the pulse is passed through the monochromator of the

atomizer; (3) The monochromator will select the radiation light of the characteristic spectrum of the

element to be determined is entered into the photomultiplier (PMT) to transfer the optical signal to the

electric signal and send it to the computer; (4) The computer automatically adjust the negative high voltage

value of PMT (gain), thus the light energy adjustment of HCL (AA) is 100%; (5) Use the flame method or

the graphite furnace method to make the element to be determined in the sample forming into the ground

state free atomic vaporization, absorb the radiation light of the characteristic wavelength of the element to

be determined emitted from the HCL; (6) The variance of the light signal after passing through the

photo-electric detecting system is transferred to the variance of the electric signal to the computer; (7) The

computer will calculate the absorbance value of the sample


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1.5 Performance Characteristics

1.5.1 Wavelength Range and Wavelength Accuracy

Wavelength Range: 190900nm

Wavelength Accuracy: 0.25nm

1.5.2 Resolution

The double lines of 279.5nm and 279.8nm Mn can be resolved and the energy value of the wave bottom

between two spectral lines is less than 40% of energy of 279.5nm.

1.5.3 Characteristic Concentration (CC) (or Characteristic Quantity), Detection Limit (DL) and Precision

1.5.3.1 CC, D.L. and R.S.D of Air-acetylene Flame Method:

Element: Cu, Wavelength: 324.7nm

CC0.04g/mL/1%,; D.L.0.007g/mL, Precision 1%

1.5.3.2 Characteristic concentration of enrich-ed-oxygen-air acetylene flame method:

NOTE: AAS-120A/120B/130A/130B are not available

Element: Ba, Wavelength: 553.6nm; Enrich-ed-oxygen-air acetylene flame

CC is less than 0.22g/ml/1%

1.5.3.3 Characteristic Quantity and Precision of Graphite Furnace Method:

NOTE: AAS-110B/120B/130B models are not available.

Element: Cd, Wavelength: 228.8nm

CQ: 110-12g, Precision: 5%

1.5.4 Stability of Baseline

Zero Drift of Static Base Line in 30min is less than 0.005Abs; Zero Drift of Dynamic Base Line in 10min is

less than.006Abs.

1.5.5 Background (BG) Correction Ability

NOTE: AAS-110B/120B/130B models are not available.

D2 lamp method: When the background absorption is near to 1Abs, the background correction ability is

more than 30 times.

S-H method: Model AAS-130A is not available.

When the background absorption is near to 1.8Abs, the background correction ability is more than 30

times.


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1.5.6 Linearity of Standard Curve

Flame method; Linear range of the standard curve is less than 0.6Abs; Linear Correlation coefficient :

r0.995

1.6 Models, Specifications and Standard Configuration

Table1: Specifications of different models, which are manufactured by our company.

Model Configuration Specification

AAS-110A

Main unit, Computer, printer,

Air compressor, Incorporated

atomizer, Power supply of

Photo- Control Graphite

furnace

Six lamps of auto-changeover, auto-peak picking,

auto-wavelength scan, incorporated atomizer,

air-acetylene flame, enriched-oxygen air-acetylene

flame, flame emission, D2 lamp background correction,

S-H background correction.

AAS-120A




Photo-Control Graphite

furnace



air-acetylene flame, flame emission, D2 lamp

background correction, S-H back ground correction.

AAS-130A




Photo-Control Graphite

furnace

Four lamps of auto-changeover, wavelength setting,


air-acetylene flame, D2 lamp back ground correction.

AAS-110B


Air compressor, flame

atomizer.


auto-wavelength scan, air-acetylene flame,

enriched-oxygen air-acetylene flame, flame emission,

D2 lamp background correction, S-H background

correction.

AAS-120B



atomizer.


auto-wavelength scan, air-acetylene flame, flame

emission, D2 lamp background correction, S-H


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background correction.

AAS-130B



atomizer.

Four lamps of auto-changeover, wavelength setting,

auto-wavelength scan, air-acetylene flame, D2 lamp

background correction.

1.6.1 Specifications

1.6.1.1 Wavelength Range: 190900nm

1.6.1.2 Light Source: Hollow Cathode Lamp, D2 Lamp

Modulation Mode: Square Wave Pulse

Modulation Frequency: 400Hz (No background correction mode or No D2 lamp background correction

mode)

100Hz (S-H background correction mode)

1.6.1.3 Optical system: Czerny-Turner MonochromatorGrating: Plane diffraction grating with 1800lines/mm

Blazed wavelength: 250nm

Focus: 277mm

Band-width: 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 1.2nm

Wavelength Adjustment mode: Wavelength setting, Wavelength Scan, auto-peak picking (Except for

AAS-130A/130B).

1.6.1.4 Photometric mode: Single beam

1.6.1.5 Atomization System:

Flame atomizer (Only for AAS-110B/120B/130B)

Pre-mixed 100mm single slot burner

Incorporated Atomizer (Only for AAS-110A/120A/130A)

Ignition Mode: Automation

Flame emission burner (Only for AAS-110A/110B/120A/120B)

Hydride method (Option: Hydride generator)

1.6.1.6 Safety System:Safety protection and alarm for flame off

Safety protection and alarm for ignition failure

Safety protection and alarm for air pressure relief


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Safety protection and alarm for gas leakage

1.6.1.7 Data Processing System:Measurement mode: Absorbance, Concentration, Content and Emitting Intensity.

Read mode: Instantaneous value, peak high value, integral value, peak area value.

Display mode: Data, signal graph and fitting curve.

Signal Processing Function: Standard curve method; Standard Addition Method; Standard sample

numbers (option from 1 to 10), Re-slope and statistical Average etc.

Information Memory Mode: Working Conditions; Analyzing Data Table; Analyzing Reports and Signal

Outline.

1.6.1.8 Power Requirements: 220V/110, 50Hz/60Hz, 200VA1.6.1.9 Instrument Dimensions: 102 (L)49 (W)54 (H)cm1.6.1.10 Weight: 80kg

1.6.2 Standard Configuration

Main unit 1set

Computer 1set

Printer 1set

Air compressor 1set

*Graphite Furnace System 1kit

#Standard Accessories 1kit

Operation Manual 1copy

*Only provided by AAS-110A/120A/130A.

#Note: Includes some accessories, tools and fluid pipes.

1.7 Electronic Safety classification

1.7.1 Shock proof type : class device.

1.7.2 Shock proof grade: B type device.

1.7.3 Harmful fluid proof grade: Common type.

1.7.4 Working Mode: Intermittent operation.


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Chapter 2 Environment Requirements

2.1 Working Environment

2.1.1 Environmental Temperature: +10O

C+30O

C

2.1.2 Relative Humidity Range: 30%85%

2.1.3 height above sea level range0-4000m.

2.1.4. No strong magnetic field interference.

2.1.5. No shake in the room.

2.1.6. Clean, dry, no dust and no corrosive gas in the room.

2.1.7. No fire, no electric heating or spark generating equipment.

2.1.8. Lightning rod should be installed on the lab top.

2.2 Transportation and storage condition

Rain, strong shinning, or hard shock should be avoided during the transportation. The instrument should be

kept well with the original packing box in the room before the installation. The environmental conditions

for the transportation and storage should be as follows:

2.2.1 Environmental temperature range: -40~55OC;

2.2.2 Relative humidity range: 93%.

2.3 Laboratory Conditions for Safety Operation

The requirements all mentioned in this section must be met before the instrument is installed and adjusted.

2.3.1 Power Supply Requirements

2.3.1.1 Voltage, Frequency and Power of power supply

1 Main unit , Computer and Printer: AC220V22V, 50Hz, totally power 500VA.

2 Air Compressor: AC220V22V, single phase AC, 50Hz, 240VA.

3 Graphite Furnace Power Supply: AC380V, 50Hz, 6kVA.

4 Auto-sampler of graphite furnace: Single phase A.C.220V 22V, 50Hz,

2.3.2 Power Supply Connections

2.3.2.1 The power supplies of main unit, computer and printer should be to use the stabilizer device. The

laboratory switchboard and the socket specifications are shown in Fig.2-1.

2.3.2.2 Separate the supply phase lines of this instrument from that of those devices with high power or

strong electromagnet interference.


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2.3.3. Ground

For the instrument well running and safe operation, the earth wire of this instrument should be connected to

a metal board buried 1.5m under the ground.

2.3.2 Requirements of Gas Supply

2.3.2.1 Necessary Gases

1 Compressed Air: The outlet pressure of the air compressor should be adjusted to 0.3MPa. It is

necessary for the flame operation.

2 Acetylene gas: The cylinder filled with the acetylene gas is used with a specialized decompress

adjustor. The outlet pressure should be 0.05MPa0.07MPa when using the air-acetylene flame operation,

and the outlet pressure should be 0.08MPa0.1MPa when using the enrich-oxygen air-acetylene flame

operation. The acetylene purity must be 99.6% more. It is necessary for the flame operation.

Argon gas: The cylinder filled with the argon is used with a specialized decompress adjustor The

inlet pressure should be 2.5MPa and the outlet pressure should be adjusted in the range of 00.4MPa. The

argon purity must be 99.99%. It is necessary for the graphite furnace operation or the hydride method.

4 Oxygen gas: The cylinder filled with the oxygen is used with a specialized decompress adjustor. The

Fig.2-1 Laboratory Switchboard and Socket Specifications


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outlet pressure should be 0.1MPa0.12MPa. It is necessary for the enriched-oxygen air-acetylene flame

method.

2.3.2.2 Storage Requirements

1 The acetylene cylinder should be stored in a well-ventilated room without any fire source nearby! It

should be also placed near to the laboratory. It is strictly prohibited that the oxygen and the acetylene

cylinders area placed together!

2 The cylinders of safety gas and air compressor may be placed in laboratory.

3 All cylinders should be placed firmly, which is stable without the declination.

2.3.3 Cooling Water Requirements

Cooling water is used for the graphite furnace operation.

2.3.3.1 Tap water with flux of 1.9L/min or water chiller is available for use.

2.3.3.2 Water pressure should be up to 0.15MPa, the inlet temperature can not be higher than 25.

2.3.3.3 The jointer with 8mm (ID) plastic tube should be mounted at the outlet port of the water supply

2.3.4 Ventilation Requirements

2.3.4.1 When analyzing samples with atomic absorption spectrometer, many gaseous matters will be

created, so it is the necessary to install the ventilation device in the laboratory.

2.3.4.2 The exhausted outlet should be mounted above the atomizer. The installation dimension of the

ventilation device refers to Fig.2-2.

2.3.4.3 The wind flow volume is favorable while a paper is just absorbed by the back of the extraction fan.

Neither too large nor too small is advisable. The former will affect the stability of the flame, and the latter

is no use for the ventilation. The wind flow volume of the exhaust fan depends on the sizes, short and

length and direction of the discharge pipe. It should be 1020m3/min.

2.3.4.4 The ventilation device should be made by metal materials, no plastic materials.


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2.4 Other Requirements

2.4.1. Working bench

2.4.1.1 Dimensions of working bench:

110A/120A/130A: 300(L) X110 (W) X 70(H) cm

110B/120B/130B: 250(L) X 110 (W) X 70(H) cm

2.4.1.2 Working bench should be firm without changing shape after load-bearing.

2.4.1.3 The surface of the working bench should be flat, and covered by a shockproof corrosion-resisting

plastic or rubber board.

2.4.1.4 When putting the work-bench, remain a certain space around it in order to connect the gas pipes or

examine and repair the instrument conveniently.

2.4.2 Keep the room cleaning, stable temperature. A conditioner should be installed if it is possible.

2.4.3 The laboratory for putting the atomic absorption spectrophotometer must be separated from the

chemistry laboratory so as to prevent the instrument from acid, alkali and other corrosive gases, steam and

Fig.2-2 Installation of Ventilation Device


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smog.

2.4.4. For trace analysis or super trace analysis with the graphite furnace method, the requirements of the

cleanness in the laboratory are more strictly regulated. Generally, the indoor air pressure is positive and the

air should be filtered. The floors and walls are decorated with dustproof materials. Especially when

analyzing those easy-polluted elements, such as calcium, kalium, sodium, magnesium, zinc, etc, the

laboratory can only be decorated with the inert plastic and Teflon materials. To obtain accurate results, be

careful when touching vessels with sample solutions and be sure that the sample solution has not been

polluted yet.

2.4.5 .In order to avoid the virus, the computer connected with AAS is not allowed to be connected with the

internet or the other program


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Chapter 3 Installation

3.1 Acceptable goods

Check the goods when receiving them. Make sure that the name and quantity of the goods are in accord

with the contract signed. Check if the packing boxes are damaged. If it is so, please negotiate it with the

forwarder and inform of the manufacturer immediately.

3.2 Unpacking

3.2.1. Unpack the boxes and take out all of the documents packed in it. Check if the accessories of the

instrument are all correct and complete according to the packing list. Meanwhile check if there is any

damage on the instrument after a long transportation. If it is so, please contact the concerned department

and inform of the manufacturer immediately.

3.2.2. Read all the operation manuals of the instrument carefully and learn the fundament, structure and

operation of the instrument.

3.2.3. Prepare the working conditions and necessary laboratory devices according to this manual, and

install the instrument according to this chapter.

3.2.4. Test the main performance of the instrument. The acceptance of the instrument should be made with

the concerned specialized engineer together.

3.3 Installation

Before the installation, prepare all necessary conditions and devices in the room which will be installed the

instrument. Put the instrument on the working bench, and then install and adjust it according to the

instructions mentioned in this manual.

3.3.1 Necessary Devices

3.3.1.1 Hollow Cathode Lamp (HCL): The user should prepare HCLs to be determined. The HCLs

equipped with the instrument are used mainly for adjusting the instrument, surely they can also used for the

determination if it it required.

3.3.1.2 Prepare several plastic barrels with volume of 510L for the waste liquid and the deionized water.

The barrels for different use must have obvious labels. Glass containers are not used to load the waste

liquid.

3.3.1.3 Printing Paper: A4 duplicating paper.

3.3.1.4 Common Tools: Besides screwdrivers and inner hexagon spanners equipped with the instrument,


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user should prepare some screwdrivers with various sizes, shifting spanners, sharp nose pliers, and so on.

3.3.2 Instrument Installation

3.3.2.1 Take out the main unit, all accessories, parts and components from the packing box. Place the

graphite furnace power supply, main unit, computer and printer from left to right sides on the working

bench.

3.3.2.2 Put the main unit on the working bench, and ensure that all of its feet are compact with the tabletop.

If any not, adjust the four height-adjustable feet and make the instrument balanced and firm.

3.3.3 Connection of main unit with the electric circuit

Wirings of the electronic system inside of the main unit have been well connected before the delivery.

Dont change or detach the inter wirings at will unless there are troubles in the instrument, but repair it by

the authorized person.

The connection of the electric system with the main unit refers to Fig. 3.1.

There are three sockets locating at the rear of the instrument, from left to right side:

3.3.3.1 Computer Communication Socket: marked with ion , D-9 female socket, connect it to COM2 of

computer with the computer communication cable.

3.3.3.2 Connection Socket with Graphite Furnace Power Supply: Marked with an ion of the graphite

furnace power supply, DB-9 male socket. Connect it to the COM socket of the graphite furnace power

supply with the cable equipped with the graphite furnace power supply. Pay attention to the label at the

cable end.

3.3.3.3 Power Supply Socket: 3-core power socket labeled 198~242V or 230V. Connect it to the city

power supply with the cable of the cross sectional area of 1mm2.

3.3.3.4 The power supply cables of computer, monitor and printer are directly connected to the city power

socket (the output socket plate of stabilized power supply).


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Fig. 3-1 the connections of outer electric systems with the main unit

3.3.4 Installation of flame atomizer (Only for AAS-110B/120B/130B)

Flame atomization system consists of nebulizing burner and gas supply system. Turn the button located on

the nebulizing burner to adjust the forth and back, up and down positions of the burner slot to make it

aimed at the optical path.

Adjust method:

Ignite HCL and adjust its position well; Put a hard white paper above the burner (shown as in Fig. 3.2) to

observe the gathering light spot of the hollow cathode lamp, and then move the burner to make the light

spot exactly located on the burner slot. Parallel move the paper, and rotate the angle of the burner to make

the light spot aimed at any position of the burner slot.

Fig. 3.2 Burner slot adjustment

3.3.4.1 Connections of Gas Pipes for model AAS-110 AAS

There is a gas control unit and six jointers located at the rear of the instrument. They are respectively: The

inletsand outletsof the acetylene (C2H2), oxygen (O2 ) and air.

(1) Gas pipes of the flame atomization system, including the acetylene, oxygen and air, are connected as


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the following:

1 C2H2 OUTLET C2H2 INLET;

C2H2 OUT C2H2 INLET of atomizer.

2 AIR OUTLETAIR INLET ;

AIR OUTLET AIR INLET of atomizer;

3 Oxygen sources OUTLET Oxygen INLET;

Oxygen INLET Oxygen OUTLET of the atomizer.

The connections are shown in Fig.3-3 (dot line part in the diagram shows that the pipes have been

connected well before the delivery).

(2) The gas control unit of the main unit is connected with the atomizer by 6(outer diameter)1mm

colorful nylon tube. And white, blue and yellow color tubes are respectively used for the acetylene, the

oxygen and the air in the gas control unit.

3.3.4.2 Connections of Gas Pipes only for Model AAS-120B/130B:

There is a gas control unit and four joints at the rear of the instruments. Four jointers are respectively: Inlets

and outletsof acetylene (C2H2) and air. The connection method also refers to the Fig.3.3. The

difference with Model AAS-110 is no oxygen piping.

(1) Gas pipes of the flame atomization system, including acetylene, oxygen and air, are connected as the

following:

1) C2H2 sources OUTLET C2H2 INLET;

C2H2 OUTLET C2H2 INLET of atomizer.

2) Air compressors OUTAIR INLET ;

AIR OUTLETAIR INLET of atomizer;

(2) The gas control unit of the main unit is connected with the atomizer by 6(outer diameter)1mm

colorful nylon tube. And white, blue and yellow color tubes are respectively used for the acetylene, the

oxygen and the air in the gas control unit.


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3.3.5 Installation and operation of integration atomizer only for models

AAS-110A/120A/130A

3.3.5.1Structure of the integration atomizer and operation of the keyboard

Atomizer used on AAS-110A/120A/130A adopts an integration designing. The atomizers of the flame and

the graphite furnace have been mounted well on the main unit before the delivery. Both positions can be

changed over by a small keyboard located at the front end of atomizer. There is no need for the user to do it

by itself any more.

Operation method of the integration atomizer

When selecting the flame analysis or the graphite furnace analysis, the corresponding atomizer should be

moved to the center of the optical path. The auto-changeover can be realized by the small keyboard at the

front end of the atomizer as shown in Fig. 3-4.

Fig.3-3 Gas Pipes Connections of Atomization System (AAS-110B Type)


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Figure 3-4 Integration atomizer control keyboard

Its functions are as follows:

FLAME---Press this key to move the flame atomizer into the center of the optical path.

FLAMELESSPress this key to move the graphite furnace atomizer to the center of the optical path.

UP---Adjust upper position of the atomizer.

DOWN- Adjust the position of the atomizer down.

FRONT- Adjust the position of the atomizer forward.

BACK--- Adjust the position of the atomizer backward.

3.3.5.2 Operation and points for attention

After switching on the power supply of the main unit, select the atomizer to be used and press

FLAME key or FLAMELESS key, the corresponding atomizer will be automatically moved to the center

of the optical path. When the atomizer is reached to the position, press the position keys of UP , DOWN ,

FRONT and BACK to final adjustment.

Selection of the optimal position of the flame atomizer: When entering into the program and

completing the initialization, continuously sprays the sample, then observe the absorbance value received

as adjust it fine (main adjustment is the vertical direction, or it is adjustment of the flame height), observe

the received absorbance until it is up to the maximum.

Selection of the optimal position of the flameless atomizer: When entering program and completing

initialization, observe the lamp energy, firstly remove the graphite furnace in the horizontal direction (by

press FRONT and BACK keys) to search a maximum position of the lamp energy, then remove the

FLAME FLAMELESS

DOWN

FRONT

UP

BACK


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graphite furnace vertically (by pressing UP and DOWN keys) to search the maximum position of the lamp

energy until the optimal position is found out.

Press FLAME key after powering on, the height from the top of slot sheet of burner head to the center

of the optical path is 7mm. Press FLAMELESS key, the acquiesce position of the graphite furnace is still

the center of the optical path.

If the flame atomizer is currently located in the center of the optical path (or graphite furnace

atomizer), the moment press FLAME key (or FLAMELESS key), there is no any response from the

instrument, it is especially designed for preventing the repeated action, it is in normal case.

Before switching on the main unit, the atomizer currently located in the center of the optical path is

just one to be used, so it is not necessary to press the concerned keys to select it again. But if the position is

required to be fine adjusted, again press FLAME key or FLAMELESS key.

3.3.5.3 Connection of gas pipes for integration atomizer (only for AAS-110A)

The rear of the gas controlling box is located at the left back of the main unit of AAS-110A, including six

jointers on it, they are respectively inlets and outlets of Acetylene, oxygen and air, marked with

characters or ion (the same as AAS-110B). The rear of the integration atomizer is located at right rear of the

instrument. All of interfaces are shown in Fig.3-5, with the characters marked. Among them, a hole of the

flame pipe has the extension nylon tubes with yellow, white and blue colors. One ends of them have been

respectively connected to air inlet of nebulizer, auxiliary combustion gas inlet of atomization chamber and

fuse inlet of atomization chamber, the connection method for other ends of them extended to the outer side

of the instrument are shown in Fig. 3-5.

The gas pipes of the flame atomization system are divided into three parts: acetylene, oxygen and air.The connection methods are the same as AAS-110B.

The gas pipe of the main unit is connected with the atomizer by a color nylon tube with 6 X 1mm.AS same as the inter side of the gas controlling case , acetylene, oxygen and air are respectively

corresponding to white, blue and yellow nylon tubes.

Note: Gas box of the main unit must be connected with the oxygen pipe between the tube and incorporated

atomizer.

3.3.5.4 Piping connections of integration atomizer with flame operation for AAS-120A/130A

There are four jointers located at the rear panel of the gas control box, they are respectively: Inlets and

outlets of acetylene and air as shown in Fig.3-5.


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Fig. 3-5 Gas Pipes Connections of Flame Atomization System (AAS-110A Type)

The gas piping of the flame atomization system consists of two pipes of acetylene and air. Its connections

are as same as the AAS-120B/130B AAS.

A. Outlet of acetylene source---Fuel gas inletFuel gas outlet--- Fuel gas inlet of atomization chamber

B: Outlet of air source---Air inlet

Air outlet---Air inlet of nebulizer

The gas piping of the main unit is connected with the atomizer by a color nylon of6 (OD) X 1mm. As

same as the inside of the gas control box, the white and yellow nylon tubes are respectively used for the

acetylene and the air.

3.3.5.5 Piping connections of the graphite furnace atomization system only for AAS-110A/120A/130A

The graphite furnace atomization system consists of integrated graphite furnace and power supply of

graphite furnace. The graphite furnace system includes the connections of electric circuit, gas piping and

water piping. All of the connections above mentioned must be ready before the operation. Details refer to

the instructions of the graphite furnace system.

3.3.5.6 Mounting and dismounting the graphite tube:

The following operations cant be done unless the gas pipes of the graphite furnace power supply have been

well connected and the argon cylinder has been ready opened. During dismounting the graphite tube, please


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refer to Fig.2-1 in the operation manual of the graphite furnace system. Rotate the rotation switch valve as

shown in Fig 2-1 counterclockwise, cut off the gas of the cylinder, and then pull out a certain distance of

the right cavity of the graphite tube, the moment take off the graphite tube. The procedures for mounting

the graphite tube is just reversely procedures with dismounting it above mentioned. Firstly mount the

graphite tube, push the right cavity to the left side tightly and again clockwise rotate the rotation switch

valve shown as Fig2-1, open the pressure of the gas cylinder, make two cavity bodies contacted tightly, that

shows its installation is complete.

3.3.6 Installation of air-compressor

3.3.6.1 If an air compressor with low noise is equipped, please firstly check if 18# freezing oil regulated is

injected in the compressor.

3.3..6.2 Be sure that the air compressor itself runs normally before it is connected to the gas control system.

Firstly, check if the compressor can start normally after powering on. Secondly, check if the air compressor

could satisfy with these requirements: auto-start at a certain pressure (about 0.5MPa) and auto-stop at a

certain pressure (about 0.7MPa). Thirdly, check if the oil-water separator and the air filter-reducer run in a

normal case, and if the outlet pressure could be adjusted to the expected value (generally 0.4MPa).

For an oil free air compressor, do not need to do the above, but be sure that it runs normally before it is

connected to the gas control system.

3.3.6.3 The air-compressor is connected to the gas control box according to Fig.3-3 or 3-5.

3.3.7 Installation of gas-water separator

3.3.7.1 Take out the water discharge holder from the accessory box and fix it on the main unit with screw

the three screws equipped as shown in Fig. 3-6.


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3.3.7.2 The gas-water separator equipped with the air-compressor is connected well in series and hang it on

the water discharge holder (pay attention to the direction of the arrow).

3.3.7.3 Connect the Air outlet of the tube to the Air inlet of the main unit, and then connect the Air inlet to

the Air outlet of the air compressor.

3.3.7.4 After the air compressor running, do drain off when the water in the gas-water separator overruns

1/3 of the whole volume.

3.3.7.5 Drain off procedure: Place a container below the gas-water separator, and then unscrew the water

discharge valve to drain off the water. Screw it again when the water is over.

3.3.8 Installation of acetylene source

Do read the safety (1) and (2) in the manual.

3.3.8.1 The acetylene cylinder should be placed outside of the Laboratory, with the good ventilation. The

qualified piping must be used to lead it into the Laboratory. Place a fire proof warming notice at the

acetylene source and provide a fire extinguisher there.

NOTE 1: NO OPEN FLAME OR OVER-HEATED OBJESTS AROUND THE

ACETYLENE SOURCES!

NOTE2: DO NOT PLACE ACETYLENE SOURCES AND OXIDATIVE GAS SOURCES

TOGETHER!

3.3.8.2 Acetylene cylinder must be equipped with special pressure regulator. Use the specialized tools to

open or close the main valve of the acetylene cylinder.

Fig. 3-6 Installation of Gas-water Separator


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The acetylene cylinder should be placed vertically and firmly to avoid falling down.

3.3.9. Installation of Oxygen Source

3.3.9.1 Oxygen source is generally stored by a steel cylinder equipped with pressure regulator. The outlet

pressure of the regulator is in the range of 0~0.25MPa. If the general pressure inside of the cylinder is less

than 0.5Mpa, new one should be replaced. Keep the inner of the oxygen pipes cleaning to avoid blocking

the gas piping components and parts.

3.3.9.2 NEVER PLACE THE OXYGEN CYLINDERS AND THE ACETYLENE CYLINDERS

TOGETHER!

Note: Model AAS-110A/110B needs the oxygen source, and Model AAS-120A/130A is not required any

more.

3.3.10. Connections of Waste Liquid Piping(Shown as in fig.3-7, 3-8)

3.3.10.1 For Model AAS-110B/120B/130B, there is a waste liquid nozzle on the atomization system (at the

front bottom of the atomization chamber). Use 1.5m long, 8 (internal diameter)1.5mm plastic pipe to

connect its one end to the waste liquid nozzle as the waste liquid discharge piping. Make a 15cm circle in

the middle of the plastic pipe, and it is fixed. Add a small amount of water into the plastic pipe and remain

it at the water seal and keep the water seal level above a half of the circle height, shown as in fig.3-7, to

make the inside of the atomizer kept away from the outer atmosphere. Insert the other end of the waste

liquid pipe to a 5-10L plastic bucket. But never insert it into the waste liquid bucket. Dont insert the waste

liquid tube directly to the waste water system of the Laboratory so as to avoid corrosion piping.

3.3.10.2 For Models AAS-110A/120A/130A, there is a waste liquid nozzle on the atomization system (at

the front bottom of the atomization chamber). Use 0.5m long, 8 (internal diameter)1.5mm plastic pipe to

connect its one end to the waste liquid nozzle as the waste liquid discharge piping. The other end is

connected to the top end of the jointer of the water seal fixed at the edge of the working bench, fill in water

with the water seal to keep its height of the water level as shown in Fig. 3-8, in order to make the inside of

the atomizer kept away from the outer atmosphere. Again connect a plastic tube with the same size at the

jointer of the button end of the water seal and insert it into 5-10L plastic bucket. But never insert it into the

waste liquid bucket. Dont insert the waste liquid tube directly to the waste water system of the Laboratory

so as to avoid corrosion piping.

NOTE: To avoid flashback, explosion or gas leakage, be sure that the water seal must be in good


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condition when analyzing with the flame operation!!!

3.3.11. Inspection of Gas Leakage

When the installation of flame atomization system is completed, before running the instrument, do check if

any pipeline junctions or parts of the gas control unit have gas leakage. Especially check if the

explosion-proof film at the rear part of the atomization chamber of the burner is well sealed, otherwise, the

flashback is easily occurred when igniting the flame. It is very danger!

NOTE: KEEP THE SPARE EXPLOSION-PROOF FILMS WELL FOR THE FUTURE USE.

3.3.12 Installation of Hydride Atomization System

AAS series models all can select the hydride-generator and the quartz- tube furnace for the hydride method.

About the operation guide and installation method of this accessory, please refer to its own instructions.

3.4 Acceptance InspectionAfter the installation of the instrument according to the above requirements and rules, the acceptance

inspection can be made afterwards. Before the acceptance, firstly, read the operation manual carefully and

master the functions of all buttons and knobs until the operation procedures are all known well. And power

on the instrument. Unqualified operators can never be allowed to operate the instrument. DO NOT change

the instrument software and parameter files randomly; otherwise the operating troubles may be occurred.

The purpose of the acceptance inspection is to check if the quality of the instrument has some change after

the transportation or the storage for a long time. If it is so, please find the reasons to repair it well.

Fig. 3-7 Connections of Waste Liquid

Pipes for AAS-110B/120B/130B

Fig. 3-8 Connections of Waste Liquid Pipes

for AAS-110A/120A/130A


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3.4.1. Items of Acceptance

Inspect the main specifications mentioned in Chapter One.

3.4.2. Requirements of Acceptance

3.4.2.1 The instrumental acceptance should be made in accord with the requirements of the working

environment mentioned in Chapter. Otherwise due to the extreme conditions, the troubles may be caused or

the results can not meet the requirements stipulated in this manual.

3.4.2.2 The acceptance should be according to the following operation guide.

3.4.3 Method of Acceptance

3.4.3.1 Wavelength Range and Wavelength Accuracy

1 Wavelength Range

Use Cu lamp to inspect the wavelength of 205.5nm at the short wave;

Conditions: Wide pulse lamp current: 3mA; Spectral band-width: 0.4nm;

Requirements: When the spectral intensity makes the energy up to 100, the high voltage of PMT (gain) is

less than 600V;

Use Hg hollow cathode lamp to inspect the wavelength of 871.6nm at the long wave;

Conditions: Wide pulse lamp current: 3mA; Spectral band-width: 0.4nm;

Requirements: When the spectral line intensity makes the energy up to 100, the high voltage of PMT (gain)

is less than 600V.

Wavelength Accuracy

Use Hg hollow cathode lamp to inspect the wavelengths of 253.7nm, 546.1nm and 871.6nm

Method: Select Hg element and position number of the lamp; Spectral band-width: 0.2nm; and then input

the above three wavelengths respectively and click the Auto- wavelength button. The software will

automatically seek the peak position and show the wavelength value. (NOTE: For model AAS-130/130A,

click wavelength setting to find out the maximum energy value by fine adjustment).

3.4.3.2 Resolution

Use Mn hollow cathode lamp to check the wavelengths of 279.5nm and 279.8nm;

Conditions: Wide pulse lamp current: 3mA; Spectral band- width: 0.2nm

Requirements: The energy ration between the wave hollow and the wave peak is less than 40% that shows

it is qualified.

Method: Select Mn element; Select the wavelength of 279.5nm in Instrument condition page. Click


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Auto-wavelength (click wavelength setting for AAS-130A/130B). When the seeking peak is over,

select the wavelength in the range of 279.0~ 280.5nm on the wavelength scan page. When it is over, seek

the first peak (maximum peak) and the nearby wave hollow, record each energy. The wave hollow value

should be reached up to the specifications stipulated in the manual.

3.4.3.3 Stability

Measure the static base-line stability:

Conditions: Use Cu hollow cathode lamp to check the wavelength of 324.8nm with any of the lamp number;

Spectral band-width: 0.2nm; Wide pulse lamp current: 3mA; Damp constant: 2. Warm up the instrument for

half an hour, and then find out the maximum energy. Refer to the section 4.10.6, click the stability icon on

the left of measurement page in tools column to appear the window of the baseline stability as shown in Fig.

4-19. Select the time length of 30minutes and after zeroing, start the measurement. The sampling precision

can reach up to 0.001Abs. When the energy is 100 more or less, directly compare the drift to that

mentioned in the section 1.5.4.

3.4.3.4 Characteristic Concentration (or Characteristic Quantity), Detection Limit and Precision

determination.

Only one element is required for inspecting the determinations of Characteristic Concentration (or

Characteristic Quantity), Detection Limit and Precision determination.

Determination of Characteristic Concentration (or Characteristic Quantity), Detection Limit and

Precision of Cu element with the flame method:

Conditions: Cu, 324.8nmSpectral band-width: 0.4nm; Damp constant: 2; Other parameters are adjusted to

the best optimal state.

Determining method of Characteristic concentration and detection limit:

Cu standard solution: 1.0g/mL; Blank solution: 0.5% HNO3 water solution

Select the blank solution on the Working curve parameter page; Measure the blank times: 20; Input 1.0 in

standard sample table; Measuring times of the sample: 3; Select the unit of the concentration: g/mL or

mg/L. Firstly the blank measurement is made and the standard samples are made afterwards.

After the measurement, the characteristic concentration and detection limit will be calculated automatically.

Determination of precision:

Cu standard solution: 3.0g/mL; Blank solution: 0.5% HNO3 water solution

In the standard sample table, input 3.0 and repeat times: 11; and do not select the blank measurement. The


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unit of concentration is g/mL or mg/L. After the measurement, the precision for 11 times measured will be

calculated automatically.

Linearity of Calibration Curve

Conditions: Cu: 324.8nm; Spectral band-width: 0.4nm; Damp constant: 2; Other parameters are adjusted to

the best optimal state.

Cu standard solution: 1.0, 3.0, 5.0g/mL; Medium is 0.5% HNO3 water solution; Blank solution: 0.5%

HNO3 water solution

In the standard sample table, input 1.0, 3.0, 5.0g/mL, and respectively measure the blank solution and

those standard solutions, and then set up the standard curve. The linear correlation coefficient should be

more than 0.995.

Ba characteristic concentration and detection limit with the enrich-oxygen air- acetylene flame

method:

NOTE: THIS ITEM IS ONLY FOR AAS-110A/110B.

Conditions: Ba: 553.6nm; Spectral band-width: 0.4nm; Damp constant: 2; The other parameters are

adjusted to the best optimal state.

Ba standard solution: 5.0g/mL; Blank solution: 0.4% KCl water solution

In the standard sample table, input 5.0 and repeated times of the sample: 3; The unit of concentration is

g/mL. After the measurement, the characteristic concentration and the detection limit will be calculated

automatically.

Determination of Characteristic quantity and precision with the graphite furnace method:

Conditions: Cd: 228.8nm; Spectral band-width: 0.4nm; Cu standard solution: 1.0g/mL; Sampling volume:

20L.

Atomization conditions: Dry temperature: 80~100 OC; Dry time: 20sec; Slope: 10sec; Ash temperature:

240OC; Ash time: 15sec; Atomization temperature: 1800~1900

OC; Atomization time: 3sec.(Conditions

mentioned above are only for reference).

Sampling: In the standard sample table, input 1.0g/L and repeat times 7, and select the blank measurement.

Suck in 20L standard solution with concentration of 1.0g/L with a min-syringe and inject it into the

graphite furnace. After the measurement, the characteristic quantity and Precision value will be calculated

automatically.

3.4.3.5 Inspection of Lamp Turret


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Model AAS-110A/120A instruments can be provided with six lamps and Model AAS-130A/130B is

provided with four lamps. Every lamp should be powered on and inspected. The operation procedures

refer to the concerned section in this manual.

Note:

(1) Standard solutions should be prepared just before the measurement. Long time storage will cause the

concentration error.

(2) Various pollutions must be avoided during preparing the standard solutions, otherwise, the results will

be abnormal.

(3) The measurements of the characteristic concentration and the detection limit are effected greatly by the

analyzing conditions and instrument parameters selected. Whether for the flame method or the graphite

furnace method, when the abnormal results occur, re-adjust flame performance, flame height, spray status,

atomization conditions and function parameters in order to get better results.

3.4.4. Proposal of the acceptance results

Inspection records should be made when the acceptance inspection is executed. If any function is in

abnormal case, please inform of the local dealers.

.


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Chapter 4 Software OperationThis software runs on Windows98 XP operation system. Master the operation of Windows98 XP before

using this software.

4.1 Enter the Software

Power the instrument and the computer on. The computer automatically enters Windows 98 desk or XP

operation system desk, starts successfully, double click the shortcut icon with the name of AAS Analyst on

the desktop, and then you enter the software as shown in Fig.4-1.

4.2 Edit Analytical Method

Select Operation>>Edit Analytical Method (M) from the menu and youll see the Operation Dialog as

shown in Fig.4-2. 1Analytical Light Source: The flame atomic absorption analysis, the graphite furnace

atomic absorption analysis, the hydride atomic absorption analysis and the flame atomic emission analysis

all can be made by this instrument;. 2Operation: It can be used to create a new method, modify the existed

method and delete the existed analytical method. User could directly click the analytical method as shown

in Fig.4-2 according to the analytical requirement. For example, user wants to select the flame atomic

absorption method. Click Flame AAS and Create, so they are selected. And then click Continue, the

Creation of method dialog will pop up, as shown in Fig.4-3. To select analytical element, click

button as shown in Fig.4-3 to appear the Element period table as shown in Fig.4-4. Click certain of

Fig.4-1


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element and then click OK. This element has been selected and return to the page of Fig.4-3. The

Method description can be input by the user or without anything. When everything is OK, click OK to

appear the page as shown in Fig.4-5.


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Fig. 4-2

Fig. 4-3

Fig. 4-4


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4.3 Setting of Analytical Conditions

4.3.1 Selection of Instrument Condition

Refer to Fig.4-5, click Instrument condition label to select the instrument condition. 1 Wavelength:

This wavelength is the main sensitive line of the element to be analyzed. If you want to analyze the second

sensitive line, please input the wavelength manually.

2 Hollow cathode lamp: There are two kinds of the hollow cathode lamp providing: Common hollow

cathode lamp (HCL) or high performance hollow cathode lamp (HPHCL).

Note: The HPHCL can be only used on the position number of 5th or 6th lamp# for Models

AAS-110A/110B/120A/120B, which provide with the six lamps, while AAS-130A/130B are not available.

Position of hollow cathode lamp: There are six lamp positions available for theselection after clicking the drop list of the menu. But pay attention to that the hollow cathode lamp selected

here must be in a accord with the element selected in the element period table. Otherwise the accuracy of

wavelength and energy will be decreased.

4 Background corrector: D2 lamp method or S-H method is available.

5 Slit, Main (lamp current): Input the spectral band-width and the lamp current according to the

different elements.

6 Warm-up current: Input different current to warm up the lamps and prepare for the next analysis.

7 Aux. current: It is used to supply the HPHCL. Only if the HPHCL is selected, this current could be

input to increase the sensitivity of the analytical element.

D2 current and SH pulse current : D2 lamp current and SH pulse current can not be inputted unless D2

lamp current and SH pulse current have been selected in the Background corrector.


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4.3.2 Selection of Measurement Condition

Click the Measurement Condition tab in Fig.4-5, and appear Fig.4-6.

1 Analytical signal: Including Time average (flame method), Peak height and Peak area (graphite

furnace method or hydride method).

2 Measurement mode: Including STD calibration (standard working curve) and standard addition

method.

3 Read delay: Only for Graphite furnace method. It is the time interval of the time from starting to

appearing peak.

4 Read time: Only for the flame method or the hydride method. It shows the sampling speed.

5 Damp constant: It is used to decrease the noise and generally select it to be 2.

6 Smoothing: Only for graphite furnace method. It is used to make the curve smooth. shows that it is

selected.

Fig. 4-5


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4.3.3 Setup Standard Working Curve

Click the Working curve tab in Fig.4-5, and appear Fig 4-7.

1 Equation: A linear equation or a quadratic equation is selectable.

Fig. 4-6

Fig. 4-7


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2 Conc. unit: g/mL or ng/mL.

3 Sampling volume: Only for graphite furnace method. Standard sample and unknown sample volume is

generally 20L.

4 Conc.: Ten standard sample points can be inputted such as: S1, S2, S3S10.

5 Rep: Measurement times of standard blank and standard sample. It shows the measuring times of the

standard blank and the standard sample points. The average value obtained after these measurements will

be participated with the curve fitting.

6 STD blank: Click Multiple selective frame located at the side of the standard blank to be , that

shows the standard blank is selected as shown in Fig. 4-7. It shows that the STD blank is deducted when

measuring the standard sample points per time. If clicking the multiple selective frame to delete , that

shows that the standard blank is not selected. It means that the zero point is forced to be passed through.

The moment, S1 is inputted as the standard blank, again sequentially input the sample point. For example:

the standard sample points are 1g/mL, 3g/mL and 5g/mL. During inputting, respectively use the mouse

to click S1 to be 0, S2 to be 1, S3 to be 3 and S4 to be 5.

NOTE: On this page, if the other concentration does not input the concentration value, must be made at

the standard blank, otherwise, Method library to be blank is appeared, so the program is automatically

ejected

4.3.4 Setting of Flame Condition


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Click the Flame condition tab in Fig.4-5, and appear the page as shown in Fig.4-8. 1 Flame type: Air-

Acetylene (For Model AAS-110B/120B/130B) or Enriched-oxygen air- acetylene type (For Model

AAS-110A) is selectable.

2 Acetylene flow, Air flow, Oxygen flow, Height of burner: These parameters can be inputted

referring to the analyzing manuals and the result report also can be printed out.

4.3.5 Quality Control (Re-slope)

Click the QC tab in Fig.4-5 to appear the page as shown in Fig4-9.

1 Auto-re-slope: If the auto-re-slope is selected, please click Auto-re-slope located in front of the

multiple selective frame to make showing in the frame. That shows that the re-slope can be

automatically inserted in the set

manual operacion aas 100 series

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