海賊被害防止のための船上における訓練の手引き

Manual for Onboard Anti-Piracy Security Drill

平成 16 年 2 月

February 2004

財団法人 海事産業研究所

Japan Maritime Research Institute

Preface

Since late 1990’s, it is a regret that there is a gradually growing number of piracy in the world each year. Besides theft, there are examples of damage such as threat, injury, murder of the crew with arms such as automatic rifle etc, robbery of money and equipment of the ship, hijack of the ship, etc. Piracy tends to be more violent and organized. Such situation becomes not only a threat to crew and ship’s safety but also an anxious factor as a hindrance to regional security and development of international economy through seaborne trade. In viewing where piracy occurs, South East Asia waters including the Malacca and Singapore Straits are the world’s highest risk regions.

South East Asia waters are a main trade route for energy resources, raw materials and products essential to industrial activities especially for the Asian countries such as Japan. To secure the said waters, in January 2004, the first ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime+3 (AMMTC+3) was held by 10 ASEAN countries plus 3 countries (Japan, China, Korea), and adopted a joint communiqué to confirm that the plus 3 countries assist measures to 8 fields such as piracy and arms smuggling, etc for each ASEAN countries. In addition to measures taken by the state’s level, ships navigating waters where piracy often occur should be well accustomed to measures for anti-piracy as self-defense to ensure its own safety.

Under these circumstances, on and after the fiscal year 2000, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport assigned a research on piracy to Japan Maritime Research Institute. Japan Maritime Research Institute has analyzed the current state of piracy affairs and its damage, made a research on anti-piracy measures. Recently, as a study in the fiscal year 2003, Japan Maritime Research Institute made a guiding manual for Japanese operators of ocean going ships, its operating ships, and relevant parties on concrete ways to deter pirate attacks and effective drills for onboard anti-piracy. Also it is aimed that the parties concerned to be thoroughly aware of what should be done. This manual is written in conversation form based on scenarios considering various situations such as finding a suspicious boat, excluding intruders by discharging water, etc, being under control by armed pirates, and is shown in Japanese-English.

The manual is taken care that it can be carried out within the limited time and not to interfere any normal operation of the ship. Thus, in the drill, there are some procedures that may be omitted but to be confirmed orally.

It will be a great pleasure to have this book made the most of as an anti-piracy reference to not only the ship but also widely to parties on maritime affairs. We are very grateful to the International Shipping Division, Maritime Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and parties concerned for their kind assistance to draw up this study.

February 2004 Kiyoshi Terashima

President Japan Maritime Research Institute

Contents I. Concepts Behind This Manual II. Notes on Using This Manual III. Drills Designed to Cope with Pirate Attacks

[ １ ] Raising the alarm onboard ship (No.1) [ ２ ] Raising the alarm onboard ship (No.2) [ ３ ] Using the fire hoses (No.1) [ ４ ] Using the fire hoses (No.2) [ ５ ] Operating search lights, deck lights and other illumination devices

(nighttime drills) [ ６ ] Securing onboard facilities [ ７ ] Zigzag navigation [ ８ ] Assembling crew to fixed stations to deter pirates from boarding [ ９ ] Enhancing anti-piracy patrols [１０] Recording acts of piracy [１１] Countermeasures once pirates have boarded the ship [１２] Escaping to secured areas [１３] Coping with pirate attacks when the ship is at anchor [１４] Confirming stations to deter pirates from boarding (simplified drills) [１５] Raising alarms verbally onboard ship [１６] Preparing anti-piracy equipment in advance [１７] Handling warning functions of GMDSS related-equipment (No.1) [１８] Handling warning functions of GMDSS related-equipment (No.2) [１９] Handling warning functions of GMDSS related-equipment (No.3) [２０] Practicing use of lifesaving equipment [２１] How to cope when the ship is under pirate control [２２] Cases for which drills are difficult to carry out but that still require

attention

IV. Examples of Actual Measures Taken Onboard Ship to Deter Pirate Attacks V. Report Items When Damages Occur （１）Ship’s message formats as recommended by the IMO （２）Sample report formats VI. Tables of Measures to be Taken to Deter Pirate Attacks

I. Concepts Behind This Manual

This manual was organized in consideration of the following concepts. ＜Concepts for drills＞ 1. Drills should be carried out during normal ship navigation.

※ Drills should have minimum impacts on navigation.

2. Drills should be simple, not taking much time.

※ Duration should be aimed 30 minutes to one hour. ※ Drills should be something that the crew does not mind so as to be easily

carried out. 3. Drills should never place pressure on planners or participants.

※ Drills should be easily carried out by the crew, manual in hand. ※ The number of drills to be conducted at one time should be optimized to

ensure that all participants can easily grasp how their duties and the overall processes in advance.

4. Drills should be routine procedures.

※ Drills should include onboard duties that crew fulfill on a daily basis so that they come to understand how combinations of such activities can be effective.

The following guidelines were incorporated when this manual was compiled

so that the above-mentioned concepts are to be realized. ① Drills are broken into parts. ② Even though related drills are designed to be carried out as they are to

effectively beat off pirate attacks, their actual operation should be flexible so that some components can be skipped as occasion demands.

③ Activities related to the operation of ships in general, which are not usually considered drills, should be carried out as drills if they are effective in tackling piracy issues.

④ Drills should be arranged so that if crew complete all drills set forth in this manual in a certain period of time (within several months), they can acquire comprehensive knowledge of anti-piracy measures for the ships onboard.

⑤ Even though drills have been broken into parts, a complete drill program can be made by combining different parts, depending on the ship.

⑥ For the purpose of enhancing mutual understanding as well as identifying current problems and future challenges, participants should meet subsequently for several minutes and exchange opinions accordingly.

⑦ As this manual contains actual orders, instructions and report formats, it can be used exactly as it is.

⑧ Each drill describes “aims” and “applications”, which can be further developed.

⑨ This manual is available in both Japanese and English, so it can be utilized by all ships.

＜Points to note when encountering pirates＞

1. What action should be taken to deter pirate attacks?

A general survey of past piracy cases reveals that in most cases which pirates were forced to abort their attacks, ships clearly demonstrate to the pirates that various measures are taken to defend themselves.

In other words, indicating such to pirates at an early stage greatly helps to deter pirates from attacking the ship and prevent piracy damage.

If a situation occurs where pirates are actually encountered, it is important that the ships adopt as many of the drills described in this manual as possible.

2. While crew must do their best to defend themselves, they must also have the courage to give up in order to avoid a worst-case scenario.

In many recent cases, pirates were in several boats, while some carried firearms. Firmly believing that once they board a ship, they can have it under their control no matter what action the crew might take, pirates will attempt to approach a ship over a period of several hours, seeking for opportunities.

To handle such attacks, crew must remain patient and calm despite the awareness that they could be attacked with firearms at any time. Ships should contact coast guard authorities as soon as possible and take action to gain time until support arrives.

In the unfortunate case that pirates successfully board a ship and it is judged that they possess considerable firearms, then the crew should not counterattack as this might expose crew to an extreme danger.

In order to keep additional pirates from boarding, however, the ship should continue moving in random zigzags while crew devote themselves to denying pirates access to the ship's living quarters.

And, in the next stage, when pirates break through and some crew are being held in hostage, it must be recognized that any further counterattacks may only worsen the situation.

II. Notes on Using This Manual

This manual contains individual drills that focus on specific situations. The drills, which represent scenarios, can be combined freely, enabling ships to make a selection based on their particular situations.

The basic structure of the drills is roughly as follows.

① Items of drill (content) ② Assumptions ③ Presupposition and items to note in carrying out the drill ④ Drill scenario ⑤ Items to note related drill, notes on actual operation, examples of application

Please note that the normal confirmation of an order (i.e. “Roger.”) and its

counter response have been omitted to a minimum so that the flow can easily be understood.

Although carrying out the related drills, there are some lines attached with

notes “just procedures only” to lessen the burden of the drill. Ships that have extra time may choose to perform such activities. Otherwise, they should proceed as instructed by the scenarios.

The scenarios often include lines that are too embarrassing to say. However, in order to make the most of the drills, it is important to have others act and also act yourself in practice. For this reason, the progress of a drill is described verbally as much as possible.

Each ship can take liberty to arrange scenarios as desired, as they are merely

examples. The drills presented here are meant as examples that can be used to promote further drilling.

It is hoped that each ship will hold meetings frequently regarding the drills

with the aim of improving the existing systems.

III. Drills Designed to Cope with Pirate Attacks [ １ ] Raising the alarm onboard ship (No.1) (Assumption) The watchkeeper spots two small unlit boats moving suspiciously. The watchkeeper raises the alarm onboard the ship, prompting other crew to take prearranged action, and informs coast guard authorities on shore of the situation.

※ Raising the alarm quickly is essential so that all crew to be prepared for action.

※ The master is assumed to be in his cabin, then comes up to the bridge. ※ In order to ensure safe navigation, this drill should be carried out in

relatively deep and unrestricted waters. ＜Drill scenario＞ Watchkeeper ⇒ “I sighted two small unlit boats in a position 1,000 meters to

starboard stern, approaching.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Watch their movements.” (Monitor the radar.) Watchkeeper ⇒ “They are approaching.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Confirm our position.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Our position is confirmed and recorded.” Watchofficer ⇒ (Use an onboard phone to call the master.) “Two small

suspicious boats are approaching from behind. Please come up to the bridge.”

Master ⇒ “Get ready to raise the alarm and blow a blast if necessary.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Alarm is ready.” “Turn on searchlights.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Boats are in a position 500 meters off the starboard stern.” Watchofficer ⇒ “I am blowing a blast.” (Blow one long blast at first and then

repeat it several times at appropriate intervals.) [→The blasts send out a warning to the approaching boats and inform the crew of an emergency.]

Watchofficer ⇒ “Boats are in a position 300 meters off the starboard stern.”

Master ⇒ (It is assumed that the master has come up to the bridge and has understood the situation.) “I will command the ship.” [→It is assumed that these events occur at night. Thus, it would be sensible for the watchofficer to command the ship until the master gets his night-vision.] “Raise the alarm onboard. All crew go to their stations.” “Locate coast guard authority and be ready to report.”

Watchofficer ⇒ (Raise the alarm onboard the ship.) “Two suspicious boats are approaching. They may be pirates. All crew go to your stations and confirm all facilities are secured.” “When you are at your duty stations, report to bridge.”

Master ⇒ “Flash the searchlights on the boats.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Searchlights have been flashed.” (just procedures only) Master ⇒ “Discharge water around this ship.” (just procedures only) Watchkeeper ⇒ “Boats are in position 50 meters on starboard stern.” Master ⇒ “Report situation to coast guard authority and operating

company.” Watchofficer ⇒ (Contact the coast guard authority by wireless, phone, etc.)

(just procedures only) “This is XXX-registered cargo carrier XXX. Present position XXX. Course XXX degrees. Speed XXX knots. I am being chased with small suspicious boats, probably pirates. I request your assistance.”

Watchofficer ⇒ (Make a similar report to operating company.) Master ⇒ “Increase speed to XXX knots.” “Steer the ship in random

zigzags and throw them off.” (Steer the ship appropriately to keep the boats from approaching.) (The master actually steers the ship.)

Watchofficer ⇒ “Small boats have stopped approaching. They are going away now.”

Master ⇒ “Continue sailing as to watch further developments.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Small boats are two miles away.”

Master ⇒ “Report situation to coast guard authority.” Watchofficer ⇒ (Report to coast guard authority.) “Approaching boats have

stopped. They are going away. We appreciate your assistance.” “We will contact you again if situation changes.”

Watchkeeper ⇒ “Small boats seem to have given up the chase.” Master ⇒ “Return to normal operations for the time being.” “Dismiss

the stations” Watchofficer ⇒ (via a microphone, etc.) “We have thrown off the small boats.

Dismiss the stations. Pay attention to further warnings.” Master ⇒ (The master should report to the operating company and the

IMB/PRC.) (just procedures only) Master ⇒ “Drill is over.”

※ Many reports indicate that some pirates renew their attacks after pretending

to have given up. It is important to remain on the alert until the ship has sufficiently cleared the dangerous area. This is especially important in cases where it appears the pirates have been thrown off.

[ ２ ] Raising the alarm onboard ship (No.2)

(Assumption) The watchkeeper identifies a small suspicious boat 200 meters astern the ship. The watchkeeper raises the alarm onboard ship, takes measures to deter an attack and reports to the coast guard authority.

※ If a suspicious boat approaches when preparations have not yet been made, it could be dangerous to have crew on board taking measures to deter an attack. This drill should be carried out in consideration of such an event.

＜Drill scenario＞ Watchkeeper ⇒ “A suspicious boat is rapidly approaching from 200 meters

astern.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Flash searchlights on our stern.” Watchkeeper ⇒ (Operate searchlights.) “I have found a high-speed boat in

position 200 meters off the port side stern. It appears to be a pirate boat.”

Watchofficer ⇒ (Blow a blast an appropriate number of times and make contact with the boat.) (Try to contact it via a VHF device.) “This is containership XXX. Please respond.” (Try several times.) (Confirm the boat will not respond.) “Report to master.”

Watchkeeper ⇒ (The watchkeeper reports the situation to the master using an onboard phone.)

Master ⇒ “Raise the alarm onboard ship and have everyone except crew on duty in engine room assemble to the bridge.”

Watchofficer ⇒ (Raise the alarm onboard ship.) “A pirate boat is approaching us. Check access points to endure they are secured.”

“Everyone except crew on duty, assemble to the bridge.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Increase speed to maximum.”

Master ⇒ (Show up to the bridge to instruct the watchofficer and others.) “Watch every movement of the boat and throw it off by navigating in random zigzags.” “Report to coast guard authority.”

Watchofficer ⇒ (Being careful of surrounding conditions, the watchkeeper steer the ship ports and starboards the helm so as not to impact cargoes but to create irregular waves.)

Officer in charge of communication ⇒ (Report the name, position and state of the ship to a coast guard authority.) “XXX. This is XXX-registered containership XXX. Present position latitude XXX degrees XXX minutes north, longitude XXX degrees and XXX minutes east, heading northeast bound. We are chased by a small suspicious boat, which seems to be pirate. I request your assistance.”

Watchofficer ⇒ “Small boat seems to have stopped moving.” Master ⇒ “Continue to sail as to observe further developments.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Small boat is now two miles away. There are no signs of

chasing us.” Master ⇒ “Report situation to coast guard authority.” Watchofficer ⇒ (Report the situations to the coast guard authority.) “Small

boat following us has now stopped the chase. It is dropping away into the distance. I appreciate your assistance.” “I will contact you again if situation changes.”

Master ⇒ “Return to normal operations. Dismiss the stations.” Watchofficer ⇒ (via a microphone, etc.) “We have thrown off the small boat.

All crew may leave your emergency stations. Pay attention to further alarms.”

Master ⇒ (Report to the operating company and the IMB/PRC.) (just procedures only)

Master ⇒ “Drill is over.”

[ ３ ] Using the fire hoses (No.1)

(Assumption) Detect the approach of pirates in an early stage. Force them to deter their attacks by discharging water on both sides of the ship.

※ It is an important factor for the ship to make pirates recognize that crew are actively taking countermeasures to deter an attack. Discharging water is a very effective means for getting this message across.

＜Drill scenario＞ Master ⇒ (Make an announcement at the same time as raising

the alarm.) “Boat, which could be pirates, is approaching from

astern. Water discharging team, go to stations.” (Instruct via onboard phone from the engine controlling room.)

“Operate emergency fire pumps.” Water discharging team⇒ (Those in command at duty stations report to the

bridge via their usual mobile wireless communicating devices.)

“Water discharging team is at its duty stations. We will now put the hoses together and extend them.”

Master ⇒ “Connect hoses to midship and stern fireplugs on both port and starboard sides.”

Engine Control Room ⇒ (Report to the bridge.) “Emergency fire pumps are ready.”

Water discharging team⇒ “We have connected four hoses, two on each side. We are ready to discharge water.”

Master ⇒ “Fire pumps are ready. Begin discharging water with the two stern hoses.”

“If the pirate boat should approach us midships, change to discharge water with the two midship hoses immediately.”

Master ⇒ “Pirates are approaching from starboard side stern. Discharge water with full force as they close in.”

Water discharging team⇒ “Pirate boat is sailing away and appears to have aborted its attack.”

Master ⇒ “Pirate boat has gone.” “Drill is over. Restore all equipment to original positions.”

※ To make this drill more effective, carry out other measures at the same time.

Such measures should not interfere with operations and can be done from the bridge. Examples include navigation in random zigzags and sounding the horn, among others.

※ Since fire drills can be performed at the same time, this is a highly efficient drill.

※ Measuring the time required between setting up the equipment and starting to discharge the water actually is a useful indicator for the next drill. Securing a target also serves to shorten the time required.

[ ４ ] Using the fire hoses (No.2)

(Assumption) For ships equipped with water discharging nozzles on their deck handrails or elsewhere, connect hoses to said nozzles and confirm the discharging of water after valves have been opened.

＜Drill scenario＞ Master ⇒ “We will carry out a water discharge drill. Water

discharging team, go to stations.” Water discharging team ⇒ “Everyone is ready.” Master ⇒ “Put lines together, and release valves.” Water discharging team ⇒ “Hoses are connected, and valves are opened.” Master ⇒ “Discharge water. Start the pumps.” Engine Control Room ⇒ “Pumps are started.” Water discharging team ⇒ “Water is being discharged.” “Discharging of water is normal.” Master ⇒ “Stop the pumps.” Engine Control Room ⇒ “Pumps are stopped.” Master ⇒ “Close valves, and release lines.” Water discharging team ⇒ “Valves are closed, and hoses are disconnected.” Master ⇒ “Drill is over. Restore equipment.”

※ Some ships discharge water continuously when they are in dangerous

waters. Since reports indicate that pirates often attack in several boats at one time, it is necessary to be vigilant to the surroundings at all times.

[ ５ ] Operating searchlights, deck lights and other illumination devices (nighttime drills)

(Assumption) In order to indicate that the ship is on the alert against approaching pirates, flash searchlights, and turn on deck lights in every block without hindering the navigation. ＜Drill scenario＞ Watchofficer ⇒ “Boat, which could be pirates, is approaching from 1,000

meters astern.” “Have searchlight ready.”

(Confirm the ship’s current position, and report the situation to the master via an onboard phone.)

Watchkeeper ⇒ “Searchlight is ready. I will flash searchlight to stern.” (Flash the searchlight to the surface of the sea as necessary.)

Watchofficer ⇒ (Blow a blast.) “Increase speed.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Speed is increased.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Boat is approaching.” Master ⇒ (Show up to bridge, and raise an alarm.) “Boat which could

be pirates is approaching. All crew go to your stations.” Master ⇒ “Turn on work lights in the aft deck.”

“Turn on lower lights in the stern.” (Confirm that lights are on.) “Turn on upper lights in the stern.” (Confirm that lights are on.) “Turn on lights on starboard side of bridge.” (Confirm that lights are on.) “Turn on lights on port side of bridge.” (Confirm that lights are on.)

Watchofficer ⇒ (Keep blowing a blast at a regular interval for warning purposes while steering the ship.)

Watchkeeper ⇒ “Boat is slowing.” “Boat seems to have given up the chase.” Master ⇒ “Maintain current navigation course for the time being.”

(Maintain course for a while. Confirm that the pirate boat is out of reach, and then dismiss crew from emergency station.)

Master ⇒ “Turn off all deck lights.” “Drill is over. Return to normal speed, and resume normal

operations.”

※ The searchlight may have limitations depending on the ship. Very often, there is a blind corner at the foot of the shipside. For this reason, drills should be carried out in safe sailing areas at night in order to ascertain how much area the light can cover.

※ Simultaneously turning on all on-deck illumination devices might temporarily degrade the effectiveness of noctovision equipment. Taking into account the location of such equipment, it will be necessary for each ship to determine the best course of action, including whether lights should be turned on or not.

[ ６ ] Securing onboard facilities

(Assumption) It is assumed that a pirate boat is approaching the ship. Secure all facilities. (or check to confirm they are secured)

※ Designate in advance the crew who will be responsible for securing facilities (Form groups as numbers of dividing areas with several crew.) and assemble at a designated place after completed security.

※ In carrying out this drill, leave three crews (armed with communication devices such as a transceiver with the bridge) on deck who have a good knowledge of the ship’s layout. Once all facilities have been secured, or after a certain period of time has passed, the three crews who play the role of pirates check to see if there are any ways to enter inside the ship. (All interested parties will have a review meeting to discuss items that need attention, etc.)

＜Drill scenario＞ Master ⇒ “In order to deter pirates from entering inside this ship,

we will carry out a security drill. When I order to secure facilities in five minutes, secure all routes in your designated areas that lead into the ship.” “When you have secured your routes, assemble at designated areas and report to the bridge.”

Master ⇒ (in five minutes)“Begin securing.” Each group ⇒ “Securing of area XXX is completed. Everyone is in

room XXX.” Master ⇒ (when all groups have reported, or five to 10 minutes

after the securing of the ship has been ordered) “Checking teams check security.”

Security checking team ⇒ “I will first check area XXX.” Security checking team ⇒ “Area XXX is checked. Everything is in order.”

(Keep checking other areas and report them to the bridge successively.)

Master ⇒ “Drill is over. We will have review meeting from XXX at XXX.

※ When navigating in dangerous waters where pirates may attack, it is

thought that all portals except essential ones are kept to be secured. However, if a pirate boat approaches, it is necessary to confirm whether there is any problem with securing within a short period of time. To ensure quick confirmation, crew should be assigned specific areas of the ship to check.

※ Hold a brief meeting to report the results of the drill and have comment from crew as a means for considering what needs to be covered in future drills.

※ In addition to ordinary access points, ships are usually outfitted with hatches for the operation of various activities and for the purpose of escape. Some of these hatches can only be padlocked from outside. All crew should acquaint themselves with the location and function of these portals. It is preferable to consider the use of simple hook-type locks that can be secured from inside, when ships are in dry dock for repair and such.

[ ７ ] Zigzag navigation

(Assumption) In order to deter pirates from approaching the sides of your ship, create big waves on both sides by steering the ship in random zigzags.

※ Select appropriate rudder angles in consideration of the ship’s specifications (including stability), the volume of cargo being carried, and sea conditions, among others.

＜Drill scenario＞ Watchkeeper ⇒ “A pirate boat is approaching to port side.” Master ⇒ “Check for obstacles in this area.” Watchofficer ⇒ “There are no obstacles here. It is deep enough.” Master ⇒ “Throw off pirates by steering the ship in random zigzags.”

(Blow a warning blast.) “Hard to port.” “Ease.”

“Hard to starboard. “Ease.”

“Hard to port.” “Ease.”

“Hard to starboard.” (Repeat these procedures several times. In easing the helm, determine the appropriate angle of the ship’s head after taking into account the response of the ship, the decrease in speed, the movement of pirate boat, etc.)

Master ⇒ “The pirate boat is out of sight. Confirm the situation.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “The pirate boat is receding off the port side stern.” “The pirate boat seems to have given up the chase.” Master ⇒ “Confirm whether it is far enough away or not with

searchlight and radar.” Watchofficer ⇒ “It is more than one mile away. It is heading north now.” Master ⇒ “Return to normal operations.” “Drill is over.”

※ When steering the ship in random zigzags, it is important to simultaneously increase speed as much as possible since doing so will create bigger waves. These big waves are effective to pirates taking more time to approach the ship.

※ Ships with good maneuverability can accomplish this drill with ease, but ships with poor maneuverability should avoid this drill since random zigzagging may actually slow these ships down, making it easier for pirates to alongside ship.

※ According to cargo conditions, steaming for full rudder angles could threaten ship’s safety such as causing damage to hull and cargo. So, it is important to find appropriate angles.

※ Also, care should be taken as steering excessive big rudder angle may slow the ship down at the same time.

※ When steering the ship in random zigzags, it is essential to make sure full rudder angles will not affect ship’s safety. Always confirm sea conditions are safe by taking account of drafts, depth, obstacles, etc.

※ This drill can be carried out flexibly. According to steering orders, participants may not actually steer rudder angles but just confirm it as a procedure only, or can opt for smaller rudder angles of five degrees or so.

[ ８ ] Assembling crew to fixed stations to deter pirates from boarding

(Assumption) Upon receiving the order to raise the alarm and proceed to designated stations, crew should go to their respective stations and report to the bridge. (Watering procedures and so forth are omitted.) Later, the master judges it is dangerous to leave crew on deck since being attacked by firearms, order them to withdraw into the ship.

＜Drill scenario＞ Master ⇒ (Raise the alarm onboard ship.) “Pirates are approaching from port side stern.

Except for those in charge of operations, all crew to proceed to designated stations.” “Water

discharging team, report to the bridge with transceiver.”

Each designated place ⇒ (communication room) “Communication arrangement team is in position.” (bridge) “Bridge support team is in position.” (engine control room) “Fire pump operation team is in position.” (crew on the deck) “Water discharging team is in position at stern fire pumps.” (others) “XXX team is in position.”

Master ⇒ (to the water discharging team) “Can you deter pirates from boarding?” Water discharging team ⇒ “We can’t as they are firing on us.” Master ⇒ “Water discharging team withdraw into the ship.” Water discharging team ⇒ “Water discharging team is withdrawn into the ship. Everyone is safe.” “All portals are secured.” Master ⇒ “Drill is over.”

※ In carrying out this drill, while water is being discharged, have crew who are not assigned to water discharge duty secure all but a few portals so that those stationed on deck can withdraw into the ship. The location of unsecured portals should be determined in advance.

※ Even after all crew have withdrawn from the deck, continue to make every effort, including maneuvering, to throw off the pirates.

[ ９ ] Enhancing anti-piracy patrols

(Assumption) In order to enhance patrols in preparation for pirate attacks, carry out this drill to identify what needs to be focused on when grasping developments in surrounding areas from the bridge and to motivate crew.

※ Pirates approach ships in various ways. However, ambush-style attack is considered common among these.

※ Some past piracy cases reveal that 1) the pirates first approach a ship diagonal forward position while maintaining a certain distance; 2) still maintaining this distance, the pirates will then proceed to the stern of the ship; 3) the pirates further approach the ship from astern at higher speed; and 4) the pirates board the ship by hooking ropes and other instruments against handrails and attack.

※ In the event pirates are divided into several boats, some examples show that 1) groups of pirates approach a ship directly from a diagonal forward position; 2) the pirates approach further to surround the ship; and 3) the pirates attempt to board the ship where freeboard is low.

※ Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor small boats nearby, and also maintain a close watch on boats that have gone past each other.

※ As many pirates tend to launch attacks in unlit boats, it is essential to monitor surroundings by radar.

※ Depending on sea and weather conditions, small boats may not be visible by ordinary radar unless they come within a close distance of two to three miles. It is also possible that they may not be visible due to an obstruction or blind spot even if they are close at hand.

In either case, it is very important to detect the approach of pirates at an early stage to avoid attacks.

＜Drill scenario＞ Master ⇒ “We will have watchkeeper launch a piracy detection drill.”

(Read out the prepared assumption at the bridge.) “Assume radar has detected two apparent fishing boats at position 40 degrees portside, three miles ahead.”

Watchkeeper ⇒ “I have detected two small boats approaching in position 40 degrees to portside, three miles ahead, but cannot see any lights.”

Watchofficer ⇒ “Continue to watch their movements.” Master ⇒ “Assume small boats will pass about 500 meters to port.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “I still cannot see any lights. Boats are navigating at around

10 knots, and both will likely to pass about three cables to port if no changes occur.”

Watchofficer ⇒ “Starboard 10.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “They are passing about three cables to port. I cannot see any

lights.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Continue to watch movements.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Return to original course.” Master ⇒ “Assume small boats have changed their course and are

approaching our ship from astern portside.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Two boats have changed their course and are approaching.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Prepare searchlights.” “Flash them in the direction of the two boats.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Boats are two cables away, increasing speed.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Increase speed to maximum.” “Sound a blast.” (Blast as a warning.)

“Prepare for raising the alarm.” Master ⇒ “Assume small boats have given up approaching us.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Small boats are decreasing speed.”

“Both have stopped.” Watchofficer ⇒ “We will maintain this speed until we are at a sufficient

distance from the two boats.” Master ⇒ “Drill is over.”

※ In this drill, taking into account the typical practices of pirates in boats, focus on the following points to note to raise awareness of essential precautions.

○ Pay attention to small suspicious boats. ○ Pay attention to small boats that have not displaying any lights. ○ Continue to watch movements of smaller boats that have passed your ship

at relatively short distances. ○ Always monitor the radar when navigating dangerous waters. ○ Recognize that a distance of about three miles can be reached in just a few

minutes. ※ In this drill, the changing of course, the application of searchlights and the

increasing of speed can be carried out just by procedures only. ※ This drill can be carried out for the crew on duty at the bridge only.

[１０ ] Recording acts of piracy

(Assumption) While anchoring, the watchkeeper discovers that pirates have boarded the ship at the bow. When a blast is sounded, the pirates dived into the sea and fled in a small boat.

※ Recording the specific details of the piracy as much as possible, even during a dangerous situation, will be useful for future reference.

※ The master is stationed on the bridge as arranged, but it is assumed that the master showed up to the bridge when the alarm was raised.

＜Drill scenario＞ Watchkeeper ⇒ (Raise the alarm onboard ship.)

“Pirates have boarded at the bow deck. All crew should be on a full alert.”

(Sound a warning blast.) Master ⇒ (Show up to the bridge and confirm the situation.)

“Turn on searchlights and all illumination devices on deck.” “How many pirates have boarded?”

Watchkeeper ⇒ “I witnessed two, but both dived into the sea when the warning blast was sounded.”

Master ⇒ “Bring the video camera.” “Flash searchlight to follow the pirates.” Watchkeeper ⇒ (Flash searchlight.)

“I have found a small boat. Four pirates are onboard.” Others in bridge⇒ “Video camera is ready. I will record the small boat.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Boat is pulling a life raft.”

Master ⇒ “Take note of developments and features of the boat.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “We can no longer confirm the presence of the boat.” Master ⇒ “Continue monitoring the surrounding area for a while.”

“Write down how many minutes have passed and what has happened.” (Make an announcement onboard ship.) “Pirate boat is gone. They seem to have taken our life raft. All team leaders assemble to the bridge so as to make onboard search and check for damages. (just procedures only) “Drill is over.”

※ Record as many details of the piracy as possible when an imminent risk has

been avoided or when the ship is being chased by the pirate boat. ※ These data will be very useful when coast guard authorities conduct an

investigation, submitting report to operating companies, and to prove facts on damage.

It is desirable to keep record by photographs or by video camera to grasp the features of the pirates.

※ It is desirable to have film and video cameras at hand on the bridge so that a visual record can be made at once.

[１１ ] Countermeasures once pirates have boarded the ship

(Assumption) A crew witnesses at the stern some pirates boarding the ship and reports this to the bridge. The bridge raises the alarm onboard the ship and issues a warning to the pirates.

＜Drill scenario＞ Witnessed crew⇒ (Escape immediately from the site and report to the bridge.)

“As many as three pirates are on the stern deck. I do not know whether or not they have any firearms.”

Watchofficer ⇒ (Raise the alarm onboard the ship, but do not sound a blast yet.) (following the alarm) “Pirates have boarded the stern deck. Secure all quarters doors. Stay inside. Be quiet. Be cautious as they might try to intrude your area.” (Give these commands at the bridge.) “Report to coast guard authority immediately.”

Watchkeeper ⇒ (Report to the coast guard authority.) (just procedures only). “Report made to coast guard authority.”

Master ⇒ “Have deck lights and searchlights ready.” “Sound a blast, and turn all lights on.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “All lights are on.” Master ⇒ “Flash searchlights to the stern of the ship.” Watchkeeper ⇒ “Some pirates appear to have dived into the sea.”

“I see a boat that may belong to them.” Master ⇒ “Turn off bow lights. We will continue sailing as we are

now.” (after sailing for some time)

“Pirates have dived into the sea and fled.” “We will search inside of the ship. All crew except those in duty, assemble at XXX room. Work in groups of three or more.”

(just procedures only)

Watchkeeper ⇒ “Searches inside and outside of the ship are over. Life raft container on the starboard stern is missing. There are no other problems.”

Master ⇒ “Report situation to coast guard authority.” Watchkeeper ⇒ (just procedures only) “Report is made.” Master ⇒ (to the ship) “Drill is over.” ※ In switching on all the lights at the same time, it may temporarily

deteriorate the function of noctovision, etc. Thus, its effect should be taken into account.

※ Be careful when switching on the lights on deck and the searchlight, because the lights not only have the effect of blinding the pirates, but at the same time they may also prevent the crew from seeing as well.

[１２ ] Escaping to secured areas

(Assumption) Confirmed that the pirates have boarded the ship and judged that they may have entered into some rooms of the ship, order the crew to secure facilities and escape into designated closed areas, including the bridge.

＜Drill scenario＞ Master ⇒ (Raise the alarm onboard the ship.) “Pirates seem to have

intruded the on-deck storehouse at the stern. All crew to secure onboard facilities. Work in groups as some pirates may have already entered inside.”

(At the same time, secure bridge portals so that it may not be accessible from outside.)

“When facilities are secured, everyone but the watchkeeper is to meet at room XXX or XXX, whichever is closer.”

Master ⇒ “Report situation to coast guard authority.” Watchofficer ⇒ “Report has been made.” Watchofficer ⇒ (Call each room to confirm members are present.) (When

their presence is confirmed, sound a blast, and turn all lights on.)

Watchkeeper ⇒ “Two pirates entered the storehouse but seem to have dived into the sea.”

Master ⇒ “Drill is over.” ※ Under these circumstances, if it has become clear that some crew has

become hostage of the pirates, the master should instruct crew not to put up any unnecessary resistance and to resort to negotiation whenever possible.

Let all the crew know in advance that those who can escape from the control of the pirates and can move should dispatch a distress signal using GMDSS devices, taking care that they are not detected by pirates.

※ Although the use of illumination devices can blind pirates, keep in mind that they can also temporarily deteriorate the function of noctovision, etc.

[１３ ] Coping with pirate attacks when the ship is at anchor

(Assumption) Discover pirates with firearms and other weapons are climbing the anchor chain when the ship is at anchor off a port, report to the bridge at once and escape inside the ship.

※ As regards ships moored at berths, pirates will usually take flight after they have been detected, since security authority will in no time attempt to take them into custody once reports have been made.

※ If pirates are carrying firearms and other weapons, however, overaggressive countermeasures can only result in making the situation more dangerous.

※ When encountering pirates, the first step is to ensure your own safety. This accomplished, briefly report the situation to the watchkeeper or others who can contact with people outside. They should give priority to reporting it to the coast guard authorities and inform all crew as soon as possible.

※ Immediately after all these measures are taken, issue audio, illumination and other possible warnings to the pirates, such as sounding a blast, raising the alarm, and turning on lights, among others.

＜Drill scenario＞ Crew on duty on deck ⇒ (Contact the bridge with a transceiver.)

“Three pirates with firearms have boarded this ship from the bow. They are at the bow.” “I will escape inside the ship.”

Crew on duty at the bridge ⇒ (Raise the alarm onboard the ship, and make voice announcement.) “Three armed pirates are at the bow. All crew come up to the bridge. Do not go outside.” (to the master) “I will report to coast guard authority.” (Contact the coast guard authority by radio.) “Present position latitude XXX degrees XXX minutes north, longitude XXX degrees and XXX minutes east. This is M/V XXX at anchor off XXX port. Armed pirates have intruded the ship. We request assistance.” (just procedures only) (Being aware that the pirates could shoot, turn all deck lights on and sound a blast, keep low, protect yourself by taking shelter as much as possible.)

Master ⇒ “Monitor the surroundings, boat movements.” Watchofficer ⇒ (monitoring the radar) “The small boat is heading north.” Master ⇒ “We will wait and see what happens.”

(Few minutes passed.) Master ⇒ “All crew wear protective gears. Organize yourselves in

groups to search the inside and outside of the ship.” (just procedures only)

Each group ⇒ “We cannot locate any person either inside or outside the ship. Everything is normal.”

Master ⇒ “Drill is over.”

[１４ ] Confirming stations to deter pirates from boarding (simplified drills)

(Assumption) Assuming that the alarm has been raised onboard the ship, station crew so that they can confirm their designated positions and duties with no specific instruction being made.

※ Inform in advance of all crew but the watchkeeper will participate in this drill and instructed them where to assemble.

＜Drill scenario＞

Master ⇒ (Raise the alarm onboard the ship.) “This is a drill. Assume that a boat, which could be pirates, is approach-

ing. All crew go to your stations as designated.” (Suppose the crew are to assemble on the bridge, and confirm that the crew have assembled there to some extent.)

Master ⇒ “Declare your station, role and place where you are assigned to lock.”

Crew 1 ⇒ “I am in charge of the engine room and operation of emergency fire pumps, and I am assigned to check locks on upper deck, starboard side and on the stern.”

Crew 2 ⇒ “I am in charge of the stern deck and discharging of water, and I am assigned to check locks on the boat deck on the starboard side in case escape into the ship becomes necessary.” (Have other crew recite their stations, roles and duties, etc.)

Master ⇒ “Later, assemble by position unit, confirm location of equipment and machinery in about 10 minutes. After that, dismiss accordingly, and drill will be over.”

Master ⇒ (Make an onboard announcement in 10 minutes.) “Drill is over. All crew return to your regular stations.”

※ It is necessary for each ship to assign basic stations and roles to crew in advance, as is the case with general emergency operations.

[１５ ] Raising alarms verbally onboard ship

(Assumption) For future reference, carry out this drill to gauge how well warnings and messages from the bridge can be heard in noisy operational stations and quarters.

※ Dispatch crew to their respective designated positions (including living quarters) where they are usually stationed under normal operation of the ship. (In preparation for the drill, select positions in advance, and assign them to crew.) Identify which position has difficulty receiving warnings and messages.

※ Adjust the volume of the warning system so that the most appropriate volume (a volume that can be heard throughout the ship) can be determined.

※ It cannot be denied that some crew make good announcements and others do not. In carrying out this drill, choose a crew whose normal speech can be easily understood as an announcer.

＜Drill scenario＞ Master ⇒ “We will carry out a drill for sending warning messages

onboard this ship. All crew go to designated positions.” (a few minutes later) Watchofficer ⇒ (Raise the alarm onboard ship.) (in a normal volume)

“This is a drill. Pirates have boarded from the stern on the starboard side.” (Repeat twice.)

(Raise the alarm onboard ship.) (in just a little higher volume) “This is a drill. Pirates have entered XXX. (Repeat twice.)

(※ Make these announcements at a volume and tone similar to the first one. Do not make them louder on purpose.) (Raise the alarm at a still lower volume.) (Raise the alarm onboard ship.) (with volume a little more high, but maintain similar tone) “This is a drill. There are three pirates. They have knives.” (Repeat twice.) (a few moments later)

Master ⇒ “Drill is over. Return to normal positions. All crew but watchkeeper to come to room XXX.”

※ When all crew have assembled, listen to their opinions on the quality of the

warning from each place, and determine how to convey a warning to positions where it is difficult to hear.

※ As for the crew on duty, request them to assemble after their duties and listen to their opinions on the warning announcement. At the same time, make a brief report about the results of the drill on the ship bulletin board to call their attention.

※ At the bridge, based on the results of the drill, mark the position of the most appropriate volume for making a warning announcement, and inform the crew about it for emergency purposes.

[１６ ] Preparing anti-piracy equipment in advance

(Assumption) Carry out this drill for setting up and using equipment and machinery, among other items, in advance when navigating waters where piracy often occurs.

※ Equipment which requires certain procedures will not be properly prepared unless such exercises are carried out on a daily basis. Such equipment tends to be placed in storage and left unused.

If this is the case, ships cannot make the most of their equipment. It is necessary then, to identify such equipment in your ship and to let crew accustomed to handling it without reading instruction manuals, etc. each time.

Keep in mind that if you do not make frequent use of equipment, you will lose your ability to apply it effectively. Therefore, try to utilize the equipment installed on your ship as often as possible.

Following are examples of such equipment.

○ Tension sensors

Tension sensor-type devices are among the most popular movable anti-piracy equipment. When pirates attach a rope or a hook to a ship in attempts to board it, taut wires strung around the ship will detect the tension generated by the rope/hook, activating a sensor to raise the alarm. ○ Secure-Ship

“Secure-Ship” is an electric fence developed by the IMB that surrounds the deck of a ship. It generates a high-voltage shock that, while not powerful enough to kill or wound intruders, will help to deter boarding attempts.

○ Portable searchlights Portable searchlights are among the items that ships carry that should be

utilized more effectively. Make full use of portable searchlights if the ship is equipped with them.

On the other hand, devices that are comparatively easy to set are followings as

such.

○ Scarecrows Fixing life-size dolls at the handrails or at other locations may convince

pirates that crews are on alert if seen from a distance. This is intended as a deterrent against pirates. ＜Drill for setting scarecrows＞

Make scarecrows look like crew as much as possible, dress them up and set them firmly where they can be seen from a distance. ○ Rat guard

Build walls using wooden boards or metal plates at the top of anchor chains and hawsers (for when a ship is at anchor) and outer passages and stairways to the bridge (for when it is navigating) to shut off access routes and so that the intruders may not climb onto the deck or enter into the ship easily. ＜Drill for setting rat guard walls＞

Crew should understand where to set up “rat guard” walls to make them function most effectively. They should also learn how to set them and have a clear understanding of their effectiveness.

They should also know where to stow “rat guard” walls when they are not in use and how long it takes to set them.

As for ships that do not carry “rat guard” walls, it may be a good idea to create “rat guard” systems with appropriate materials, such as wooden boards, to make access more difficult.

[１７ ] Handling warning functions of GMDSS related-equipment (No.1)

(Assumption) Assuming that the ship is under a sudden attack by pirates. Crew managed to escape send a distress signal by EPIRB.

※ Assemble at the place where the EPIRB is located so as to confirm its location. Have an instructor teach all the crew how to dispatch a distress signal in order to be ready for emergency, including pirate attacks.

※ As it is prohibited to transmit an EPIRB signal on a trial basis, ensure that a signal is not sent by mistake during this drill.

[１８ ] Handling warning functions of GMDSS related-equipment (No.2)

(Assumption) Assuming that the ship is under a sudden attack by pirates, transmit a warning signal via a DSC communication device to request nearby coastguard or ships, etc. for rescue assistance.

※ Assemble at the place where the DSC communication device is located (usually, communication room and bridge) so as to confirm its location. Have an instructor teach all the crew how to operate the emergency signal button.

※ Assuming that attacks will also take place at night, crew should be accustomed to use the device also in the dark.

[１９ ] Handling warning functions of GMDSS related-equipment (No.3)

(Assumption) Assuming that the ship is under a sudden attack by pirates, report the appearance of pirates by sending a distress warning via an INMARSAT communication device.

※ Assemble at the place where the INMARSAT communication device is located so as to confirm its location. Have an instructor give all the crew a briefing so that they can use the device.

※ If a message (It is desirable that the message should be prepared in advance.) in anticipation of being attacked by pirates is available, crew should be accustomed to the device so that they can transmit it easily.

[２０ ] Practicing use of lifesaving equipment

(Assumption) To deter pirate boats from approaching, use lifesaving signals for warning purposes.

※ Some reports indicate that the use of lifesaving signals can deter pirate attacks during nighttime.

※ However, if lifesaving signals are launched directly at pirates, and as a result cause them injury, etc, the signals could be regarded as lethal weapons such as firearms. Bear in mind that in such cases, the crew who launched the devices could be subject to charges for excessive self-defense.

※ Furthermore, if the ship gets under pirate control despite the use of such signals, they may resort to retaliatory measures. It would be better to make every effort to refrain from using lifesaving signals.

※ That is to say, when lifesaving signals are used for warning purposes, they should be launched as mere visual means to indicate that the ship is on the alert, and not as weapons. Following are examples of lifesaving equipment, which are used as measures

to deter pirate attacks. ○ Rocket parachute flares

Rocket parachute flares usually rise to an altitude of at least 300 meters, at which point the parachute opens and a red flare is exposed. The flare descends slowly, lighting up the surrounding area. ○ Rocket flares

Rocket flares rise to an altitude of 150 meters, where they explode, creating a flare that lasts for several seconds. ○ Hand flares

Hand flares generate a red flame that last for more than a minute. They are usually hand-held or placed on deck.

[２１ ] How to cope when the ship is under pirate control

(Assumption) How to cope when the ship is attacked by armed pirates and placed under their control.

It is essential to understand that when several crew become their hostages, any further counterattacks will merely worsen the situation.

In case some crew got under pirate control, it is considered that other crew act in groups as much as possible would reduce further risk.

Even though pirates are armed, they rarely attack a ship to kill all the crew. So, if they are not antagonized, they may release hostages after taking all they

want. If crew act individually, however, isolation could lead to anxiety and hasty

actions that could provoke the pirates. Once attacks are induced, the risk of danger escalates and it may lead to a

potentially irrecoverable situation. For these reasons, it is desirable that crew should, in such situations, stay

close as much as possible so that they can confirm situations each other. Those who are unfortunate enough to be under pirate control, it is important

to follow the instructions and demands of the master or the pirates as much as possible.

As IMO guidelines indicate, crew should never take heroic actions once the ship has been under pirate control.

Based on the guidelines, it is desirable to carry out this drill in advance to have crew realize what they should do to help each other when it is clear that the ship is under pirate control.

However, being faced with extreme situations such as life or death, nothing will guarantee their survival.

Therefore, encourage all crew to have a common understanding for the following. ① Act in groups as much as possible and avoid being alone. ② Take every possible action, such as activating GMDSS and other emergency

communication devices before it gets under pirate control. ③ Do not hide at random but instead assemble at a designated place (Several

places will do.) in advance.

As these products have instruction manuals, crew should know what lifesaving equipment their ship is outfitted with and how to use it so that they can cope with an emergency at any time.

In carrying out a drill to get used to such devices, it is necessary for all crew to sight all the equipment on the ship, read how to use it carefully and understand the procedures involved with firing it. (Do not actually fire.) ( just procedures only)

Have an instructor teach all the crew how to use lifesaving signals in case of pirate attacks. ※ This drill may be carried out together with rescue-related drills.

[２２ ] Cases for which drills are difficult to carry out but that still require attention

Be aware as such cases are common pirate attack scenarios.

[Case 1] Pirates attack again (several minutes or several hours later) after pretending to have given up the chase.

You are apt to feel relieved once the pirates have been thrown off. However, they may be chasing the ship covertly and attack again or there are also cases that another waylaid boat of their party attempts to attack.

Once attacked and even if you are confident that you have thrown them off, it is necessary to maneuver the ship on the alert with the possibility of a second attack in mind.

[Case 2] Pirates tenaciously chase a ship, keeping the bridge under constant assault with firearms.

When the bridge is exposed to gunfire, there may often be problems with crew morale or will to maneuvering. However, it is extremely important to continue to maneuver the ship as long as possible to throw off the pirates.

The bridge is usually not strong enough to cope with rifle or guns, but maneuver the ship while securing as many shelters as possible.

[Case 3] Several boats skillfully surround the ship to attack it, each playing a different role.

It may be difficult to throw all of them off simply by maneuvering. In order to prevent them from forming an advantageous position, take action at an early stage. If you judge that the number of pirates is rather large, do not hesitate to contact the coast guard authorities at once and request assistance.

IV. Examples of Actual Measures Taken Onboard Ship to Deter Pirate Attacks

Following are examples of anti-hijacking and anti-piracy measures being

taken by ships. (1) Measures taken in respect to the operation of ships * Enhancement of patrols (stationing more watchkeepers and watchofficers,

providing patrols both inside ship and on deck, hiring onboard guards, and reinforcing patrols on the stern)

* Carrying out of drills on a daily basis on the assumption that the ship is to be attacked by pirates (drills for maneuvering ships, handling onboard equipment, conveying information to interested parties, etc.)

* Identifying those authorities in coastal states and regions that should be contacted in case of pirate attacks

* Establishment of emergency communication systems with operating companies, etc.

(2) Examples of onboard equipment that contributes to deterring pirate attacks ① Advanced preparations (preventive measures) * Scarecrows * Rat guard (installed on anchor chains and hawsers) (used when ships are at

anchor) * Rat guard (installed outer passage leading to bridges and stairways) (for when

ships are sailing) * Discharge of water (over the sides of ships using fire pump, fire hoses and

water sprinklers) * Application of illumination devices to overboard * Securing of access points, etc. * Preparation of audio equipment (blasts, warning alarms, etc.) and illumination

devices (searchlights, etc.) so that they can be used immediately

② Advanced detections (of approaching suspicious boats) * Radar (for small yachts) * Radar (for other general ships) * Binoculars * Portable noctovisions (night scopes) * Infrared cameras * Infrared sensors * AISs (automatic identification systems)

③ Advance detection of contact (approach of suspicious boats to nearby areas and intrusion of pirates, etc.) * Detection equipment, which is activated when changes in tension are detected

on wires and ropes (Toranomon, Momotaro and Mihari-kun) * Surveillance cameras

④ Deterring pirates from contacting and boarding ships (i.e. – pirate boat sailing alongside the ship and intrusion, etc.) * Discharging of high-pressure water * Searchlights * Blasts, sirens, onboard alarms, etc. * Signal lamps for daytime use * Secure-Ship (electric fences that encircle the deck and which carry 9,000 volts

of electricity (which will neither kill nor injure intruders) * Other intimidating devices (rocket parachute flares, rocket flares and flares)

(Care is required in using such devices as launching them directly at pirates is prohibited.)

* Other non-equipment-based measures Maneuvering ships (i.e. – increases and decreases of speed, creation of waves by navigating in random zigzags, and making threat of collision)

⑤ Deterring pirates from boarding * Securing entrances * Securing elevators, etc.

(3) Equipment for reporting casualties, etc to the outside * INMARSAT C * EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) * DSC (Digital Selective Calling) (medium and short wave) * Ship’s telephone * International VHF devices (4) Confirmation of ship movements * General communication * INMARSAT C Polling * ShipLoc * FLEET WATCH (whose system requires the INMARSAT C Polling system) * Other systems that operating companies have on their own ◆ An example of station plan for pirate attacks An example of actual station plan for pirate attacks is shown. Refer to it in making the station plan at each ship and it is necessary to think out to be a more practical one to suit the current situation of each ship.

STATION PLAN FOR PIRATE ATTACKSTeam Title Name Station Articles Duties

Commander MASTER xxxxx Bridge Tranceiver Overall Command

BRIDGE Team Team Leader C/0 xxxxx Bridge Tranceiver Watch keeping, Other Working as ordered by Master.

3/0 xxxxx Tranceiver Watch keeping, Recording, Other Working as ordered by Master.AB xxxxx Tranceiver HelmsmanAB xxxxx Tranceiver Various jobs (Lighting Pirate Boats by Day Light Signal)

Communication TeamTeam Leader C/R xxxxx GMDSS Room Tranceiver Communication

2/R xxxxx Tranceiver Support of C/R

Cargo Operations TeamTeam Leader 1/E xxxxx Cargo Control Tranceiver Watching Cargo Condition

OLR xxxxx Room Tranceiver Support of 1/E

Defensive TeamTeam Leader 2/O xxxxx Tranceiver On-Scene Leader for DefenseSub-Leader 2/E xxxxx Tranceiver Support of 2/O

BSN xxxxx Area of Pirates Tranceiver Nozzle Man No.1(Discharging water to Pirate Boats)No.1OLR xxxxx Attacking Tranceiver Nozzle Man No.2(Discharging water to Pirate Boats)AB xxxxx Tranceiver Hose Man No.1AB xxxxx Tranceiver Hose Man No.2AB xxxxx Tranceiver Lighting up Pirate Boats by SearchlightsOLR xxxxx Tranceiver Watching the Opposite Side of Pirates Attacking

Back up TeamTeam Leader C/S xxxxx Standing by Tranceiver First Aid

C/COOK xxxxx Defensive Team Tranceiver Support of C/S2/COOK xxxxx Tranceiver Support of C/S

Engine TeamTeam Leader C/E xxxxx Engine Room Tranceiver On-Scene Leader Inside Engine Room

3/E xxxxx Tranceiver Support of C/E

V. Report Items When Damages Occur (1) Ship’s message format as recommended by the IMO

(MSC/Circ.623 Rev. 3(2002.5.29) Appendix 2 Ship’s Message Formats

Report 1 – Initial message – Piracy/armed robbery attack alert 1 Ship’s name, call sign, IMO number, INMARSAT IDs (plus ocean region

code) and MMSI MAYDAY/DISTRESS ALERT (see note) URGENCY SIGNAL PIRACY/ARMED ROBBERY ATTACK

2 Ship’s position (and time of position UTC)

Latitude /Longitude Course /Speed KTS

3 Nature of event Note: It is expected that this message will be a distress message because the ship

or crew/passenger will be in grave or imminent danger when under attack. Where this is not the case, the word MAYDAY/DISTRESS ALERT is to be omitted.

Use of distress priority (3) in the INMARSAT system will not require MAYDAY/DISTRESS ALERT to be included.

Report 2 - Follow-up report – Piracy/armed robbery attack alert 1 Ship’s name, call sign, IMO number, INMARSAT IDs (plus ocean region

code) and MMSI 2 Reference of initial PIRACY/ARMED ROBBERY ALERT 3 Ship’s position (and time of position UTC)

Latitude/Longitude Course /Speed KTS

4 Details of incident, e.g.:

Was the incident happened while sailing, at anchor or at berth? Method of attack Description/number of suspicious boats Number and brief description of pirates/robbers What kind of weapons did the pirates/robbers carry? Any other information (e.g. language spoken) Injuries to crew and passengers Damages to ship (Which part of the ship was attacked?) Brief details of stolen property/cargo Action taken by the master and crew Was the incident reported to the coastal authority and to whom? Action taken by the coastal state

5 Last observed movements of pirates/suspicious boats, e.g.: Date/time/course/position/speed

6 Assistance required 7 Preferred communications with reporting ship, e.g.:

Appropriate Coast Radio Station HF/MF/VHF/INMARSAT IDs (plus ocean region code) /MMSI

8 Date/time of report (UTC) (2) Sample report formats

date month yearDate/time of report (U T C) / / / ( h m)

Sh ip`s CallsignnamePort of IMO registry numberINMARSAT IDs (p lus ocean reg ion code) Preferred communicat ion with report ing sh ip

Time of incident date month year

(U T C) / / ( h m)

Posit ion of inc ident

LAT.( - ) N/S LONG.( - ) E

From ( ) : T.Bearing ( ) deg. Dist.( ) mile

Name of country ( ) Name of port or harbour ( ) Name of wharf , p ier etc. ( )

Situat ion □ Whi le sai l ing □ Whi le dr i ft ing □ At anchor □ At berthof navigat ion

□ Actual □ AttemptedMethod of attack

□ Enforced stop □ Invasion with armed □ Invasion with unarmed□ Founding out after the incident・Hull 's colour ( ) ・Bridge's colour ( )

Descr ipt ion/numberof suspect craft ・Ship type ( ) ・Number of crafts ( )

・Number ( persons) Language spoken ( )Number/descr ipt ionof pirates/robbers ・Dress ( Tidy ・Average ・Poor ) Race ( )

Guns (Gun　・　Rifle　・ 　　　　　　　　　　　）　　Number ( )K ind of weapons

Edged tools (Knife・Sword・　　　　　　　　）　　Numｂer（　　　　 　　　 　 ）

Others ( ) □ Unarmed

In jur ies to crew and (□Y・□N）passengers If any,

descr ipt ion(□Y・□N）

Damage to ship If any,descr ipt ion

Detai ls of stolen (□Y・□N）property/cargo If any,

descr ipt ionAct ion taken by themaster and crewWas inc ident reported to the coasta l author i ty and (□Y・□N） /Others( )to whom?Act ion taken by theCoastal StateMatters in connect ion with the inc ident (e .g . :Movements of p i rate/suspect craft , Assistanace required)

※Please forward this report to IMB(PRC).

Outline of the incident

Follow-up report(Piracy/armed robbery attack alert)

MMSI Tonnage Main cargo Number of crew

VI. Tables of Measures to be Taken to Deter Pirate Attacks A. Pre-Departure Inspections/Preparations and At-Anchor Measures

Item Content Remark ① Anti-piracy

measures ○ Instruct crew about policies

on advanced preparations to deter pirate attacks and basic measures to be taken when disasters take place.

② Information on the movement of your ship

○ Strictly instruct crew not to disclose more information to outsiders than necessary on shipments, departure times, destinations, etc.

○ Instruct crew to be fully vigilant when they transmit information on cargoes and other supplies onboard their ship.

Dispatching of information by wire on shipments, supplies and the movement of your ship should be carried out with care.

③ Promotion of

thorough understanding of ship security plans among crew

○ Promotion of thorough understanding of ship security plans regarding a) Enhancement of patrols and effective use of illumination devices and guards to reinforce detection capabilities b) Measures to be taken by crew when they are attacked c) Recommended wire warning procedures d) Reports to be made after attacks take place e) Measures to be taken to deal with dangerous situations that result from overreaction

Instructions on roles of the crew and drills

④ Safekeeping of money and other valuables

○ Measures to be taken to keep money and other valuables safe in consideration of the fact that the master and the chief officer are more likely to be a target

⑤ Drills for security plan

○ Drills for security plans, including various procedures Procedure for issuing warnings and signals as well as sufficient drills

○ Drills for learning to use surveillance equipment installed onboard your ship

These drills should actually be carried out.

⑥ Master’s

instructions ○ The master should make

clear of his ship’s basic anti-piracy policies.

⑦ Preparation and reporting of sailing schedules

○ Prepare a sailing schedule with planned ports of call and estimated time of arrival, and report it to the head office of the operating company.

○ When calling a port where piracy often occurs, it should be taken into account to adjust the time of arrival and to shorten the period of time as much as possible during which your ship is moored at the port and exposed to piracy risks. It will be possible by decreasing speed or detouring the course from coast line, etc.

⑧ Limitation on visitors

○ Allow a minimum number of their party access to your ship while at anchor, and be sure to check visitors’ names, and arrival and departure times.

⑨ Monitoring of

cargo handling dockworkers

○ Be sure to check the number of dockworkers, their names and their departure times.

Designate the crew in charge of this duty.

⑩ Checking of suspicious individuals

○ Check whether or not there are suspicious individuals, particularly around your ship.

⑪ Taking pictures of visitors

○ Take pictures of visitors for the purpose of deterring them from launching attacks . (Keep those pictures on file for future criminal investigations.)

⑫ Onboard inspections

○ Carry out sufficient pre-departure onboard inspections.

Designate the crew in charge of this duty.

⑬ Securing safety of

all entrance/exit doors

○ Open/close the door of each onboard cabin and section as well as other doors, and secure the safety of crew. (It is necessary to create safety zones in the accommodation quarters that will be difficult for intruders to gain access to.)

○ Regardless of whether it is day or night, secure all doors and windows leading to the bridge, engine room, operation room and crews’ quarters. Use BARLOCK, etc if necessary.

○ Lock or seal unnecessary lockers and unused cabins.

○ Shut off access to TRAP, etc and other hatchways with wire, etc. In particular, access to the hatchways between the stern and the quarters should be strictly closed up.

○ Crew should not leave safety zones at night unless they are on duty such as patrol.

Designate the crew in charge of this duty. Draw up respective checklists for doors (on deck, in crews’ quarters and the engine room) in accordance with the type of your ship, and confirm those doors are secured at all times.

⑭ Security at ports of

call ○ Have security guards and

local port authorities contact each other.

⑮ Reliability of security guards

○ Have security companies send reliable security personnel.

⑯ On-duty and onboard patrols

○ Encourage onboard patrols. Crews’ quarters should be inspected prior to departures.

⑰ Reducing the amount of money kept in onboard cashboxes

○ Keep the amount of money in cashboxes to a minimum.

B. When intruded by pirates while your ship is at anchor or moored Item Content Remark

① Early detection ○ Detect pirate intrusion at an early stage by performing patrols on a regular basis.

② Discovery of suspicious individuals

○In case suspicious individuals are discovered during patrol or from the bridge, immediately report this by wire to the bridge.

③ Application of illumination devices

○ When suspicious individuals are discovered, turn on illumination devices covering as wide an area as possible to give them a warning and blind them. (Flashing on and off searchlights, etc.)

④ Audio warnings ○ Give a warning and raise the alarm onboard ship by using loudspeakers, sounding a blast, and shouting.

⑤ Assembling of crew

○ Have crew assemble at safety zones, count heads and have them report their locations.

⑥ Escaping all at once

○ If crew cannot escape into safety zones when under pirate attacks, go to previously designated temporary shelters.

C. Preparations to be made when your ship has left port or is at sea Item Content Remark

① Selection of routes ○ Take routes to avoid dangerous waters where piracy often occurs as much as possible.

○ Take routes in waters where rescue systems are sufficient.

② Adjustment of freeboard

○ As surveys indicate that many ships with a freeboard of 8 meters or less are attacked, heighten the freeboard by adjusting ballast, if possible.

③ Prohibition on leaving safety zones at night

○ Crew are not allowed to leave safety zones after sunset.

④ Enhancement of patrols by crew

○ Add one crew to the bridge patrolling team to reinforce it.

○ Strengthen onboard surveillance systems by encouraging more strict patrols by dispatching more watchkeepers. In particular, focus more on blind zones, such as the stern, and the hours between 20:00 and 06:00.

⑤ Using equipment

to enhance of surveillance and detection capabilities

○ Strengthen radar-based surveillance and station crew at this duty around the clock.

○ Prepare to check whether devices, such as wireless, VTF, navigation satellite systems, ShipLock, FLEET WATCH, and INMARSAT, can work and learn to operate them or not.

⑥ Preparation of illumination devices

○ Prepare and operate searchlights and portable flare signals.

⑦ Closing and securing of all doors to quarters

○ Close and secure all doors in and leading to quarters after sunset. (For example, entry/exit should not be allowed after 17:00)

⑧ Designation and management of doors to be used in case of emergency

○ Manage doors to deter intruders from entering the bridge, engine room and steering house and in consideration of emergency situations.

⑨ Preparation of audio warnings

○ Raise the alarm onboard ship as early as possible when an attack is likely, or prepare and inspect devices to give warnings to approaching boats.

Blasts or sirens.

⑩ Use of

high-performance electronic visual equipment

○ Enhance surveillance via long- and short-distance radar, infrared detectors, noctovision, etc.

Have ship’s owner keep an EGC receiver turned on at all times.

⑪ GMDDS ○ Input an INMARSAT C message program and store it in the computer system’s memory.

⑫ Installation of scarecrows

○ Install scarecrows as camouflaged crew at the bridge, etc and elsewhere to indicate that your ship is on the alert.

⑬ Radio watch

○ Maintain 24-hour wireless contact with appropriate coast guard and port authorities and have an EGC receiver available around the clock.

Secure frequencies for distress and safety issues, particularly a VHF16 channel and 2.182 KHz.

⑭ Preparation of

high-pressure fire pumps

○ Prepare high-pressure hoses to counter pirates and discharge water on a trial basis.

○ Keep wash-deck pumps open all day to discharge water from the stern, which is vulnerable to intrusion.

⑮ Operation of onboard televisions and surveillance cameras

○ Keep monitoring onboard developments via televisions and surveillance cameras.

⑯ Placement of obstacles on main isles

○ Set up barbed wire and other physical obstacles to deter intruders.

D. When pirates are approaching while your ship is at sea Item Content Remark

① Monitoring of approaching boats

○ Keep monitoring by radar and with your eyes if your ship is chased by pirates.

○ Keep in mind that some small pirate boats are hard to detect on the radar.

② Issuance of warnings to approaching boats

○ Give a verbal warning via a speaker to a boat following or sailing nearby in the same direction or sound a warning blast.

③ Enhancement of omni-directional patrols

○ Enhance patrols on the bow and stern.

④ Short-distance radar

○ Monitor an approaching boat.

⑤ Monitoring via infrared sensors

○ Check the movement of a suspicious boat approaching.

⑥ Strengthening of illumination devices

○ Turn on as many lights as possible to the extent that it will not hinder safe navigation.

○ In accordance with rules for the prevention of ship collisions, turn on as many lights as possible to the extent that it will not hinder safe navigation. Upgrade illumination devices on the bow deck and stern.

In principle, refrain from switching on deck lights while your ship is at sea.

⑦ Detection of

approaching boats ○ Use radar as supplementary

equipment, use flare signals systematically.

It is necessary to confirm whether an approaching boat is pirate or not.

⑧ On the alert ○ Raise the alarm onboard ship (a blast and a general alarm) and issue a volley of announcements to force pirates or armed robbers to go away. Put crew on alert and dispatch them to defensive positions.

⑨ Discharging of high-pressure water

○ For the purpose of securing crew’s safety, discharge high-pressure water from existing fire pumps to deter intruders from boarding your ship.

⑩ Deterrent of pirates from approaching by opting for rudder angles

○ In case an approaching boat is deemed to be pirates, hinder its movements by opting for sharp rudder angles.

○ Maintain maximum possible speed.

⑪ Use of distress signal flares

○ Flares should not be used unless your ship is in distress or in serious danger.

E. When a pirate boat is alongside/intruders have boarded while your ship is at sea

Item Content Remark ① Issuance of

warning to pirates alongside your ship

○ Issue a voice warning or sound a blast to deter pirates from coming alongside and boarding your ship.

② Reporting to RCC

(Primary report) ○ If pirates or armed robbers

are apparently launching an attack against your ship, report the situations at once to the Rescue Coordination Center (RCC) in charge of waters where your ship is navigating, through all possible radio stations, all possible radio communication including VHF and INMARSAT devices on designated manner. Make a report in one of the following ways.

1. If you have witnessed a suspicious behavior that could develop into an attack, …………….a safety

report 2. If you are clearly exposed to

the threat of being attacked, .……………an emergency

report 3. If you are already under

attack, and further danger is imminent,

….………….a distress report ○ Furthermore, for the purpose

of sending out warnings to other ships, inform all CQs of danger on a VHF channel.

③ Withdrawal of

crew to safety zones

○ Have all crew withdraw into safety zones.

④ Sending out danger report

○ When your ship needs to be rescued, send out danger reports to the RCC in charge of the waters where your ship is navigating or to all radio stations by all wireless means, such as VHF 16 channel, 2,183KHz and INMARSAT communication devices.

○ After issuing an appropriate distress notice (MAYDAY, DSC, etc.), have crew make distress reports.

⑤ In case no attack occur after sending out danger report

○ If no attack was launched even though your ship had made danger reports, cancel the said reports to all radio stations as soon as possible.

⑥ Deterring pirates from approaching and boarding by opting for sharp rudder angles

○ Deter pirate boats from approaching alongside and intruders boarding your ship by opting for sharp rudder angles.

⑦ Measures to be

taken when crew are under pirate control

○ When crew are under pirate control, make every effort to rescue them. In accordance with the master’s judgment, take action to compel the pirates to leave the ship after the hostages are released.

⑧ Ceasing anti-piracy measures

○ Once your ship has successfully deterred pirates from approaching and boarding, return to normal rudder angles and cease discharging water.

Do not chase pirates in an effort to deter them from renewing their attack.

⑨ Basic action to be taken for safety

○ Give the highest priority to the safety of individuals onboard ship.

○ Maintain a sufficient number of operating crew.

○ Force intruders out of your ship as soon as possible.

⑩ Prohibition on use of firearms

○ Strictly prohibit use of firearms to defend crew or the ship.

⑪ Securing the safety of your ship

○ Even if your ship and crew are under pirate control, give constant consideration so as not to allow danger to prevail upon the ship herself if she carries dangerous cargoes.

⑫ Measures to be

taken when your ship is under pirate control

○ The master or watchofficer should calmly negotiate with pirates to secure the safety of the ship and crew, to maintain navigation, to secure safety of hostages and their release, to compel the pirates to leave the ship.

⑬ Turning on onboard televisions

○ Keep onboard television on to record the development.

⑭ Measures to be taken when money and other valuables are robbed

○ Convince pirates that nothing is being hidden.

F. Actions to be taken after being attacked by pirates Item Content Remark

① Confirmation of the pirates leaving the ship

○ Have crew remain in safety zones until you confirm that the pirates have left the ship.

② Sirens ○ Inform the crew of pirates have left the ship by speakers and sirens.

③ Post-attack report (Report made afterwards)

○ In accordance with follow-up reports of APPENDIX 2 – SHIP’S MESSAGE FORMATS – report to the relevant RCC and other security organization via the RCC. Keep in mind that when your ship send out a primary report, include in a post-attack report what organization the report was sent to and what the organization did. Give warnings to other ships navigating nearby regardless of whether they are within or beyond the waters your ship is in.

○ Information on your ship, location, specifications and features, damage and details about the pirates (their number, the direction they headed for, etc.)

④ Measures to be

taken if there were any casualties

○ If some crew were killed, or your ship was badly damaged, report to the ship’s owner and the maritime affairs authority of the flag state.

⑤ Submission of reports

○ Submit detailed reports to relevant authorities in charge of waters where your ship was attacked.

○ Submit cassette tapes, photographs, and other records if necessary.

G. Basic items on anti-piracy measures to be taken by the ship Item Content Remark

① Designation of safety zones in crews’ quarters (Prevent entry)

○ Establishment of safety zone-structured facilities that can deter pirates from entering by securing doors, laminated-glass windows and stairways

② Enhancement of patrols in piracy-prone waters (Early discovery)

○ Monitoring and early identification of approaching boats and intruders by increasing watchkeepers, eyesight, electronic devices, television, surveillance cameras and making use of various equipment

③ Action to be taken to indicate your ship is on the alert (To give warnings)

○ Indication of your ship being on the alert by using audio and illumination devices to the extent that safe navigation is not hindered

④ Issuance of warnings to suspicious boats (Show of force)

○ Issuance of audio and illumination warnings to approaching boats and maneuvering to deter boats from approaching

⑤ Contacting authorities at an early stage when damage occurred (Early notice)

○ Making reports at an early stage of the pirates approach or how your ship/crew are damaged/ injured by various communication devices