management and use of forests. managed woods proper management results in greater and more uniform...
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Management and Use of Forests
Managed Woods• proper management
• results in greater and more uniform growth than when trees are permitted to develop according to nature’s plan
Management practices• planting selected varieties of
trees
• some trees may be used for several purposes
Management• rate of growth should be
considered
• most important uses: timber and veneer
Management• length of time to maturity
• faster growing trees have fewer uses
Management• Eucalyptus - one of the
fastest growing
• 15 inches in diameter in 40-50 years
Management• Black Walnut, Oak, Hard
Maple
• 100-125 years
Breeding Super Trees• select seeds of trees that are
• fast growing
• tallest
• straightest
Breeding Super Trees• healthiest
• raise super trees in nurseries
Controlling Insects and Disease
• can be variety specific
• an established disease or insect pest can be nearly impossible to eliminate
Insects and Disease• trees may develop immunity
Insect, Fungal, &Bacterial
• Dutch Elm Disease - Fungus
• carried by European Elm Bark Beetle
Insect, Fungal, &Bacterial
• White Pine Blister Rust
• lives part of its life cycle on an alternate host
• wild gooseberries or currants
White Pine Blister Rust
• to control the disease, destroy the alternate host
• Gypsy Moth - problem with many types of trees
Fire Control• fires are nature’s way of
controlling distribution and succession in forests
• prepares some seeds for germination - Jack Pine
Fire Control• fires may add nutrients to the soil
• destroy harmful insects
• provides young shoots and new leaves and other vegetation for wildlife
Fire Control• controlled burn
• practiced only with expert advice and under supervision
Selective harvesting• trees are thinned out each
year in accordance with a plan
• remaining trees grow faster, taller and healthier
Selective harvesting• wood is marketed, providing
a steady source of income
• sustained yield management
Clear Cutting• cutting off a sizeable plot of
trees during one harvest period.
Clear Cutting• Wisdom of this practice is
highly debated
• Essential for commercial reforestation of some species
Clear Cutting• Severe soil erosion may
occur
Small Land Owners• 70% of commercial forest
land is held by private owners
Small Land Owners• More than 1/2 of saw timber
in US is grown on land owned by small land owners or farmers
Small Land Owners• Less than 1/5 grown on land
owned by large timber companies
• Doing a better job of forest management
Small Land Owners• Conservation is profitable
• Management involves few cash outlays
Small Land Owners• Obtain free advice from:
• state or national foresters
• timber company experts
Recreational Uses• Multiple use of national
forests
• national parks become more crowded
Recreational Uses• Forests provided additional
space and scenery
• Increase in forest visits
Recreational Uses• Visits to forests for
recreational purposes are increasing at a rate of 10% per year
Wilderness• Unsettled, uncultivated
natural region
The Wilderness Act• Dec. 19, 1964
• permanent protection to millions of acres
• open to public input
Alaska Nat’l Interest..• Lands Conservation Act
• Dec. 2, 1980
• Increased protected wilderness area in US to 56.6 million acres
Wilderness• Additional land under study
for wilderness designation
• Bureau of Land Management
Wilderness• Has until 1991 to complete
process of wilderness designation
Wilderness• met with some opposition
Better use of forest• Decrease waste, increase
efficiency
• Particle board
• paper recycling
Better use of Forest• Plastics are being substituted
for wood in many products