Development of Microbial Technology for Reduction of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Emissions from Stacks

Dilip KetiwallaM.Tech HSE (IV)

SAP id- 500021447R080212017

Under the Guidance of Ms. Nishanthini S.

Background & the need for research

Objectives

Methodology

Results & Discussion

Summary & Conclusion

Roadmap

This research focuses on investigating the possibility of

exploiting the natural metabolic process of thermophilic

anaerobes in ambient air in order to reduce CO2 emissions, and

to create a more benign environment.

If current trends continue, the World will emit 56.8 billion tons of

CO2 by 2030, a 16% increase over 2006

After a survey in April, 2009 statistics stated that the CO2

emissions will be tripled in India by 2031.

For every ton of Coal burned, 2.93 tons of CO2 is created.

Background & need for research

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

PetroleumCoalNatural Gas

CO

2 Em

issio

ns (

MM

T)

Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the consumption of the following Fossils (2000-2011) in MMTPA

1959198719921997200620072008200920102011201220130

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Temperature Difference over the years w.r.t CO2 Emission

Se-ries1

28.96

29.72

29.2329.05

30.0629.84

29.64

30.2930.12

29.8229.8129.92

Annual Temperature

Annual Temperature

Objectives

To develop a simulator model to fit around the stack of suitable material.

To detect the best suitable bacteria which can survive in high temperatures and can absorb carbon dioxide.

To monitor and test the anaerobe in comparison with an aerobe and a control sample at different time intervals.

To understand the use of the selected strain

or consortium of bacteria after its

Lag Phase (Stationary

Phase)

Selection of Microbes

Factors on which selection of bacteria

was based:- Survival in O2

deficient & CO2 rich atmosphere

- Resistance to Moderate High Temperatures

Aero-tolerant Thermophilic

species

Pathogenic/Non

Pathogenic

Clostridium acetobutylicum/ Bacillus subtilis

Simulator Model“CARBMENTOR”

Material Properties:

-Heat Resistant-Durable and doesn’t react with the flue gases and microbes-Insulation requirement

Sr.

No.

Constituent Quantity

1. Glucose (C6H12O6) 50 gms

2. Monopotassium

phosphate(KH2PO4)

0.5 gms

3. Dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) 0.5 gms

4. Epsom Salt (MgSO4 · 7H2O) 0.2 gms

5. Iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate

(FeSO4 · 7H2O)

0.01 gms

6. Acetic acid (C2H4O2) 2.2 gms

7. Biotin ( C10H16N2O3S) 0.04 mg

8. p-amino benzoic acid(C7H7NO2) 8 mg

9. Ammonium hydroxide

(NH4OH) 14 NThe medium pH is adjusted to 6.3

Constituent composition per litre of deionissed water in nutrient broth

Results and the Discussions

Titration was carried out using Sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein indicator.

Graph 4.1 shows that the aerotolerant bacterial strain Clostridium acetobutylicum absorbs the maximum amount of carbon dioxide than the other two samples. Absorption of carbon dioxide is seen with variance to time.

2 4 8 12 24 36 48 72 96 1080

50

100

150

200

250

300

Control Sample

Bacillus subtilis

Clostridium acetobutylicum

Time in Hours

Carb

on

Du

ioxid

e a

bso

rbed

in

mg

/L

The simulator model named “carbmentor” (carbon dioxide +

fermenter) is made in such a way that fits near the exhaust of the stacks. The gas will pass through the inner compartment which has a PUF coating to act as a heat insulator and has a water condenser to minimalize the temperature of the flue gas, it passes through the pores to the outer shell where the agar sheaths are placed and streaked with anaerobes. With due course of time the bacteria for its growth intakes carbon dioxide for its survival and generation of metabolites, this helps in absorption of carbon dioxide from the flue gases.

Summary & Conclusion

254.28 ppm per hour of CO2 is released from the stack

selected of a small residential diesel generator.

253.65 mg/L of Carbon dioxide is recorded to be absorbed by the nutrient broth with Clostridium acetobutylicum after 4 days.

The nutrient agar sheaths with variance to environmental conditions can be replaced after 4 to 7 days; these sheaths can be recycled as a microbial feed in development of biofuel. Strains of C. acetobutylicum are utilized in the production of acetone and butano

Summary & Conclusion

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References

Any Questions?

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