magnetic tape and recording formats

Magnetic recording Formats

By KRISHNALAL MB

HISTORYbull One of the first efforts at video recording was the

Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus a high speed multitrack machine developed by the BBC in 1952

bull This machine used a thin steel tape on a 21-inch (535 cm) reel traveling at over 200 inches per second

bull transverse-scan technology invented by Ampex around1954 in which the recording heads are mounted on a spinning drum and record tracks in the transverse direction across the tape

video tape recorderA video tape recorder (VTR) is a tape recorder designed to record video material on magnetic tape

The first practical video tape recorder using transverse tape head scanning was developed by Ampex Corporation in 1956

The early VTRs were reel to reel devices which recorded on individual reels of 2 inch (508 cm) wide magnetic tape

They were used in television studios serving as a replacement for motion picture film stock and making recording for television applications cheaper and quicker

Improved formats in which the tape was contained inside a videocassette were introduced around 1969 the machines which play them are called videocassette recorders

AMPEX Quardplex VR-1000A

Technology

Formats and products

Analog reel-to-reel

VERA (BBC)

2rdquo Quadruplex (Ampex RCA and Boschs Fernseh)

1rdquo Type A (Ampex)

1rdquo Type B (Boschs Fernseh - BTS Philips)

1rdquo Type C (Sony Ampex NEC and Hitachi)

Ampex 2 inch helical VTR

Professional cassette and cartridge based systems

U-matic (34rdquo)

Betacam (Sony)

M-II (Panasonic)

Standard definition digital videotape formats

D1 (Sony) and Broadcast Television Systems Inc

D2 (Sony and Ampex)

D3 (Panasonic)

D9 (Digital-S) (JVC)

Digital Betacam (Sony)

D-VHS (JVC and Panasonic)

DVCAM (Sony)

DVCPRO (Panasonic)

High definition digital video tape formats

D5 HD

D6 HDTV VTR (BTS - Philips - Thomson SA Grass Valley

(company))

DVCPROHD (Panasonic)

HDCAM (Sony)

HDCAM-SR (Sony)

Consumer format

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV

EIAJ Half inch open reel and

cassette

VHS

VHS-C (JVC)

S-VHS (JVC)

MicroMV

VX (videocassette format)

Video 2000 (Philips)

VERA (BBC)Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus (VERA) wasan early analog recording videotape format developedfrom 1952 by the BBC under project manager Dr PeterAxon

VERA was capable of recording about 15 minutesThe frequencies used by video signals are so high that thetapehead speed is on the order of several meters per second(tens of feet per second) an order of magnitude fasterthan professional analog audio tape recording

2rsquorsquoQuadruplex videotape

2-inch quadruplex videotape (also called 2Prime quad or just quad for short) was the first practical and commercially successful analog recording videotape formatIt was developed and released for the broadcast television industry in 1956 by Ampex an American company based in Redwood City California

This format revolutionized broadcast television operations and television production

Type A videotape1 inch type A (designated Type A by SMPTE) is a reel to reel helical scan analog recording videotape format developed by Ampex in 1965 that was one of the first standardized reel-to-reel magnetic tape formats in the 1 inch (25 mm) width most others of that size at that time were proprietary It was capable of 350 lines

Type A was developed as mainly an industrial and institutional format where it saw the most success It was not widely used for broadcast television since it did not meet Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

The Type A format received broad use by the White House Communications Agency from 1966 to 1969 egVR-5000 (1965) BW Record-player very popularmany made

Type B videotape1 inch type B VTR (designated Type B by SMPTE) is a reel-to-reel analog recording video tape format developed by the Bosch Fernseh division of Bosch in Germany in 1976 The magnetic tape format became the broadcastingstandard in continental Europe but adoption was limited in the United States and United Kingdom

Recording 52 video lines per head segment Video is recorded on an FM signalwith a bandwidth of 55 MHz Three longitudinal audio tracks are recorded on the tape as well

BCN 50 VTRswere used at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow

Type B video Scanner Head

Type B VTR BCN 20 Tape Desk and video Scanner

Type C videotape1 inch Type C (designated Type C by SMPTE) is a professional reel-to-reel analog recording helical scan videotape format co-developed and introduced by Ampex and Sony in 1976 It became the replacement in the professional video and broadcast television industries for the then-incumbent 2 inch Quadruplex videotape (2 inch Quad for short) open-reel format due to the smaller size comparative ease of operation (vs 2 inch) and slightly higher video quality of 1 inch type C video tape recorder (VTR)

1 inch type C required less maintenance downtime than Quadruplex videotape and did not require digital time base correction to produce a stable video signal

1 inch Type C is capable of ldquotrick-playrdquo functions such as still shuttle and variable-speed playback including slow motion

Sony BVH-500 portable VTR

1976 Hitachi portable VTR for Sony 1rdquo type C


From 1963 to 1970 Ampex manufactured several models of VTR 2 inch helical VTRs capable of recording and playing back analog black amp white video Recording employed non-segmented helical scanning with onewrap of the tape around the video head drum being a little more than 180 degrees using two video headsThe units had two audio tracks recorded on the top edge of the tape with a control track recorded on the tapersquos bottom edge The 2rdquo wide video tape used was one mil (0001in or 00254mm) thick The VTRs were mostly used by industrial companies educational institutions and a few for in-flight entertainment

The capstan tape speed is 37 inches per second which provided a long record time of up to 5 five hours on large reels

The Ampex 2 inch helical VTRs were popular as they were priced much less that the 2 inch quadruplex videotape recorders used in the broadcast television industry at the time

U-maticU-matic is an analog recording videocassette format firstshown by Sony in prototype in October 1969 and introducedto the market in September 1971 It was among the first video formats to contain the videotape inside a cassette as opposed to the various reel-to-reel or open-reel formats of the time

The videotape was 3frasl4 in (19 cm) wide so the formatis often known as three-quarter-inch or simply threequartercomparing to other open reel videotape formatsof the same vintage such as 1 in (25 cm) type C videotape and 2 in (51 cm) quadruplex videotape

U MATIC CASSETTE

Betacam (Sony)videocassette products developed by Sony in 1982 In colloquial use ldquoBetacamrdquo singly is often used to refer to a Betacam camcorder a Betacam tape a Betacam video recorder or the format itself

The cassettes are available in two sizes S and L The Betacam camcorder can only load S magnetic tapes while television studio sized video taperecorders (VTR) designed for video editing can play both S and L tapes Beta cam L tape

Betacam S tape

Sony Betacam SP Camcorder ldquoDigital 1000rdquo

Sony Betacam SP PVW-2800 Editing VTR

M-II (Panasonic)MII was a professional analog recording videocassette format developed by Panasonic in 1986 as their answer and competitive product to Sonys Betacam SP format It was technically similar to Betacam SP usingmetal-formulated tape loaded in the cassette and utilizing component video recording

MII is sometimes incorrectly referred to as M2 the official name uses Roman numerals and is pronounced ldquoem twordquo

MII machines recorded six tracks two by the moving heads and four by the stationary head Starting from the top of the tape the first two were stationary head audio channels two and one Below these were the two moving head tracks called C and Y which are frequency modulatedparts of the video signal The C track also contained audio channels three and four frequency modulated Going further down the tape the last two stationary head tracks carried control and time code information respectively The control signal was used to synchronize the moving heads

D-1 (Sony)D-1 or 422 Component Digital is a SMPTE digital recording video standard introduced in 1986 through efforts by SMPTE engineering committees It started as a Sony and Bosch - BTS product and was the first major professional digital video format SMPTE standardized the format within ITU-R 601 (orig CCIR-601) also known as Rec 601 which was derived from SMPTE 125M and EBU 3246-E standards

The uncompressed component video used enormous bandwidth 173 Mbitsec (bit rate) for its time The maximum record time on a D-1 tape is 94 minutes

D-1 was most popular in high-end graphic and animation production

D-1 resolution is 720 (horizontal) times 486 (vertical) for NTSC systems and 720 times 576 for PAL systems these resolutions come from Rec 601

BTS D1 VTR DCR500

D-2 (Sony and Ampex)Format name D2 digitalo SMPTE type D2o Format type digital compositeo Scanning system multi head segmented helicalo Year introduced 1989o Developer Ampex SonyPhysical Datao Tape width 19 mmo Tape speed(s) 519 ipso Tape thickness 55 milso Playing time(s) 32 94 208 minutes (Small Medium Large

cassette sizes)o Head wheel diameter 295rdquo1o Speed 5400 rpmo Head-to-tape writing speed 1078 inseco Sampling rate 4fsc o Data rate 601 MBsecAudioo No of digital channels 4o Sampling rate 48 kHz

D-3D-3 is an uncompressed composite digital videovideocassette format invented at NHK and introducedcommercially by Panasonic in 1991 to compete withAmpexs D-2 It uses half-inch metal particle tape at8388 mms

Four channels of 48 kHz 16-20 bit PCM audio

The aggregate net (error corrected) bitrate of the format is 143 Mbits

Maximum D-3 runtimes are 50 126 and 248 minutes respectively

Panasonic AJ-D350 D3 VCR

D9 (Digital-S) (JVC)D-9 or Digital-S as it was originally known is a professional digital video videocassette format created by JVC in 1995 It is a direct competitor to Digital Betacam

Its name was changed to D-9 in 1999 by the SMPTE

It is used mostly inside Europe and Asia though has seen some use in the US most notably by the FOX news channel

D-9 uses a tape shell of the VHS formfactor but the tape itself uses a much higher quality metal particle formulation

The recording system is digital and for video usesDV compression at a 50 Mbits bitrate Video is recordedin 422 component format at a variety of standard definitionresolutions in either 43 or 169 aspect ratios Audiois recorded as 16bit48 kHz pcm with up to 4 separatechannels

Digital Betacam Digital Betacam (commonly referred to as DigiBeta DBetaDBC or simply Digi) was launched in 1993 It supersedes both Betacam and Betacam SP while costingsignificantly less than the first 100 uncompressed D1format

S tapes are available with up to 40 minutes running time and L tapes with up to 124 minutes

in NTSC (720times486) or PAL(720times576) resolutions at a bitrate of 90 Mbits plus fourchannels of uncompressed 48 kHz 20 bit PCM-encodeddigital audio

It is a popular digital video cassette format for broadcast television use

D-VHSD-VHS is a digital recording format developed by JVCin collaboration with Hitachi Matsushita and PhilipsThe ldquoDrdquo in D-VHS originally stood for Data VHS but with the expansion of the format from standard definitionto high definition capability JVC renamed it DigitalVHS and uses that designation on its website

It uses thesame physical cassette format and recording mechanismas S-VHS (but needs higher quality and more expensivetapes) and is capable of recording and displaying bothstandard definition and high definition content

The contentdata format is in MPEG transport stream the samedata format used for most digital television applicationsThe format was introduced in 1998

D-VHS VCRs come with multiple speeds ldquoHSrdquo is ldquoHigh Speedrdquo ldquoSTDrdquo is ldquoStandardrdquo and ldquoLSrdquo is ldquoLow Speed

In 1996 Sony responded with its own professional version of DV called DVCAMLike DVCPRO DVCAM uses locked audio which preventsaudio synchronization drift that may happen on DV if several generations of copies are made

When recorded to tape DVCAM uses 15 μm track pitchwhich is 50 wider compared to baseline Accordingly tape is transported 50 faster which reduces recording time by one third compared to DV Because of the widertrack and track pitch DVCAM has the ability to do a frame accurate insert tape edit while DV may vary by a few frames on each edit compared to the preview

DVCPRO Progressive was introduced by Panasonic for news gathering sports journalism and digital cinema

It offered 480 or 576 lines of progressive scan recordingwith 420 chroma subsampling and four 16-bit 48 kHzPCM audio channels

The format offered six modes for recording and playback

169 progressive (50 Mbits) 43 progressive (50 Mbits)169 interlaced (50 Mbits) 43 interlaced (50 Mbits)169 interlaced (25 Mbits) 43 interlaced (25 Mbits)[

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTRo The VTR was a joint project between Philips Digital Video

Systems of Germany and Toshiba in Japano Tape format D-6 19 mm tape cassette housingSMPTE 277278Mo The tape cassette housing looks like a D1 or D2 cassettebut these

would be rejected by the VTRo Tape is a Metal Particle tape o Scanner diameter 96 mm a Helical scano Track pitch 22 umo D6 Tape thickness 11 umo Head to tape speed ~46 mso Tape speed ~497 mmso Records and playback of 1 Gbits uncompresseddatao Uses cassette sizes L ndash M ndash So Small type 8 minuteso Med type 28 minuteso Large type 64 minutes

DVCPRO HD also known as DVCPRO100 is a highdefinitionvideo format that can be thought of as four DV codecs that work in parallel Video data rate depends on frame rate and can be as low as 40 Mbits for 24 frames mode and as high as 100 Mbits for 5060 frames modesLike DVCPRO50 DVCPRO HD employs 422 color sampling

The main competitor to DVCPRO HD is HDCAM offered by Sony It uses a similar compression scheme but at higher bitrate

HDCAMHDCAM introduced in 1997 is a high-definition video digital recording videocassette version of digital Betacam using an 8-bit discrete cosine transform (DCT) compressed 311 recording

1920times1080 on playback

The recorded video bit rate is 144 Mbits Audio is also similar with four channels ofAES3 20-bit 48 kHz digital audio

The main competitor to HDCAM is the DVCPRO HD format offered by Panasonic

HDCAM SR HDCAM SR was introduced in 2003 and standardised in SMPTE 409M10485762005

It uses a higher particle density Tape and is capable of recording in 10 bits 422 or 444 RGB with a video bit rate of 440 Mbits and a total data rate of approximately 600 Mbits

The increased bit rate (over HDCAM) allows HDCAM SR to capture much more of the full bandwidth of the HDSDI signal (1920times1080)

HDCAM SR is used commonly for HDTV television production

As of 2007 many prime-time network television shows use HDCAM SR as a master recording medium

HDCAM SR tape

Betamax Betamax (also called Beta and referred to as such in the logo) is a consumer-level analog videocassette magnetic tape recording format developed by Sony released in Japan on May 10 1975

The cassettes contain 50 in (127 mm)-wide videotape in a design similar to the earlier professional 75 in (19 mm) wide U-matic format

Three Sony Betamax VCRs built for the American market Top tobottom SL-2000 portable with TT-2000 tunertimer ldquoBase Stationrdquo(1982) SL-HF 300 Betamax HiFi unit (1984) SL-HF 360SuperBeta HiFi unit (1988)

Digital8 (Sony)Digital8 (or D8) is a consumer digital recording videocassette for camcorders based on the 8 mm video format developed by Sony and introduced in 1999

The Digital8 format is a combination of the older Hi8 tape transport with the DV codec

Digital8 equipment uses the same videocassettes as analog recording Hi8equipment but differs in that the signal is not analog audioanalog video but is encoded digitally

Hitachi Digital8 Camcorder

DVDV is a format for storing digital video It was launched in 1995 with joint efforts of leading producers of video camera recorders

EIAJ Half inch open reel and cassette

EIAJ-1 developed by the Electronic Industries Association of Japan (in conjunction with several Japanese electronics manufacturers) in 1969 was the first standardized format for industrialnon-broadcast video tape recorders (VTRs)

EIAJ-1 did away with all of this giving those manufacturers a standardized format interchangeable with almost all the VTRs that they manufactured

The EIAJ-1 standard paved the way for consumer oriented non-professional analog video recording technology to become more affordable and widespread with many businesses schools government agencies hospitalsand even some consumers to immediately adopt the format in the early 1970s Some of the first public-access television stations that went on the air in that same era also used EIAJ-1 extensively due to its portability low cost and versatility

Panasonic 12 inch VTR Model NY3130 at DC Video

VHSThe Video Home System (better known by its abbreviation VHS) is a consumer-level analog recording videotape-based cassette standard developed by Victor Company of Japan (JVC)

o The player must be compatible with any ordinarytelevision set

o Picture quality must be similar to a normal off-airbroadcast

o The tape must have at least a two-hour recording capacity

o Tapes must be interchangeable between players

o The overall system should be versatile meaning it can be scaled and xpanded such as connecting a video camera or dub between two players

o Players should be affordable easy to operate and have low maintenance costs Players must be capable of being produced in high volume their parts must be interchangeable and they must be easy to service

This illustration demonstrates the helical wrap of the tape around the head drum and shows the points where the video audio and control tracks are recorded

A typical VHS head drum containing two tape heads (1) is theupper head (2) is the tape heads and (3) is the head amplifier

VHS-C (JVC)Another variant is VHS-Compact (VHS-C) originally developed for portable VCRs in 1982 but ultimately finding success in palm-sized camcorders The longest tape available for NTSC holds 60 minutes in SP mode and 180minutes in EP mode Since VHS-C tapes are based on the same magnetic tape as full-size tapes they can be played back in standard VHS players using a mechanical adapter without the need of any kind of signal conversion

VHS-C adapter

Victor S-VHS (left) and S-VHS-C (right)

MicroMVMicroMV was a proprietary videotape format introduced in 2001 by Sony This videocassette is physically smaller than a Digital8 or DV cassette In fact MicroMV is the smallest videotape format mdash 70 smaller than MiniDVor about the size of two US quarter coins Each cassettecan hold up to 60 minutes of video

MicroMV camcorder and tape (top) compared to miniDV and Hi8 tapes


VX was a short-lived and unsuccessful consumer analog recording videocassette format developed by Panasonic and launched in 1975 in Japan In the US it was sold using the Quasar brand and marketed under the nameThe Great Time Machine to exhibit its time-shifting capabilities since VX machines had a companion electromechanical clock timer for timed recording of television programs In Japan the VX-100 model was launched in1975 with the VX-2000 following in 1976 The first and only model sold in North America was the Quasar VR- 1000 (based on the Panasonic VX-2000) with the VT-100 timer

Video 2000 (Philips)Video 2000 (or V2000 also known as Video Compact Cassette or VCC) is a consumer videocassette system and analog recording standard developed by Philips and Grundig to compete with JVCs VHS and Sonys Betamaxvideo technologies Distribution of Video 2000 products began in 1979 and ended in 1988 they were marketed exclusively in Europe Brazil and ArgentinaPhilips named the videotape standard Video Compact Cassette (VCC) to complement their landmark Audio Compact Cassette format introduced in 1963 but the format itself was marketed under the trademark Video2000

The Philips VR2020 was the first mass-marketed model of the Video 2000 format sold in the UK

THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24

D-2 (Sony and Ampex)

D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS

HISTORYbull One of the first efforts at video recording was the

Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus a high speed multitrack machine developed by the BBC in 1952

bull This machine used a thin steel tape on a 21-inch (535 cm) reel traveling at over 200 inches per second

bull transverse-scan technology invented by Ampex around1954 in which the recording heads are mounted on a spinning drum and record tracks in the transverse direction across the tape







Technology


Analog reel-to-reel

VERA (BBC)







U-matic (34rdquo)

Betacam (Sony)

M-II (Panasonic)



D2 (Sony and Ampex)

D3 (Panasonic)




DVCAM (Sony)

DVCPRO (Panasonic)


D5 HD


(company))


HDCAM (Sony)

HDCAM-SR (Sony)

Consumer format

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


cassette

VHS

VHS-C (JVC)

S-VHS (JVC)

MicroMV



























U MATIC CASSETTE



Betacam S tape










BTS D1 VTR DCR500



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS







Technology


Analog reel-to-reel

VERA (BBC)







U-matic (34rdquo)

Betacam (Sony)

M-II (Panasonic)



D2 (Sony and Ampex)

D3 (Panasonic)




DVCAM (Sony)

DVCPRO (Panasonic)


D5 HD


(company))


HDCAM (Sony)

HDCAM-SR (Sony)

Consumer format

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


cassette

VHS

VHS-C (JVC)

S-VHS (JVC)

MicroMV



























U MATIC CASSETTE



Betacam S tape










BTS D1 VTR DCR500



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS


Analog reel-to-reel

VERA (BBC)







U-matic (34rdquo)

Betacam (Sony)

M-II (Panasonic)



D2 (Sony and Ampex)

D3 (Panasonic)




DVCAM (Sony)

DVCPRO (Panasonic)


D5 HD


(company))


HDCAM (Sony)

HDCAM-SR (Sony)

Consumer format

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


cassette

VHS

VHS-C (JVC)

S-VHS (JVC)

MicroMV



























U MATIC CASSETTE



Betacam S tape










BTS D1 VTR DCR500



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS


U-matic (34rdquo)

Betacam (Sony)

M-II (Panasonic)



D2 (Sony and Ampex)

D3 (Panasonic)




DVCAM (Sony)

DVCPRO (Panasonic)


D5 HD


(company))


HDCAM (Sony)

HDCAM-SR (Sony)

Consumer format

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


cassette

VHS

VHS-C (JVC)

S-VHS (JVC)

MicroMV



























U MATIC CASSETTE



Betacam S tape










BTS D1 VTR DCR500



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS



DVCAM (Sony)

DVCPRO (Panasonic)


D5 HD


(company))


HDCAM (Sony)

HDCAM-SR (Sony)

Consumer format

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


cassette

VHS

VHS-C (JVC)

S-VHS (JVC)

MicroMV



























U MATIC CASSETTE



Betacam S tape










BTS D1 VTR DCR500



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS

Consumer format

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


cassette

VHS

VHS-C (JVC)

S-VHS (JVC)

MicroMV



























U MATIC CASSETTE



Betacam S tape










BTS D1 VTR DCR500



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS

























U MATIC CASSETTE



Betacam S tape










BTS D1 VTR DCR500



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS



Betacam S tape










BTS D1 VTR DCR500



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS










BTS D1 VTR DCR500



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS



























D5 HD (Panasonic)















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS















HDCAM SR tape
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS
























VHS-C adapter








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS








THANKS


HISTORY

video tape recorder

Slide 4

Technology


Slide 7

Slide 8

Slide 9

VERA (BBC)


Type A videotape

Type B videotape

Slide 14

Type C videotape

Slide 16


U-matic

Slide 19

Betacam (Sony)

Slide 21

M-II (Panasonic)

D-1 (Sony)

Slide 24


D-3

Slide 27


Digital Betacam

D-VHS

Slide 31

Slide 32

D5 HD (Panasonic)

D6 HDTV VTR

Slide 35

HDCAM

HDCAM SR

Slide 38

Betamax

Digital8 (Sony)

DV


Slide 43

VHS

Slide 45

Slide 46

VHS-C (JVC)

Slide 48

MicroMV



THANKS

magnetic tape and recording formats

Education