macres reinforced earth structure · 2016-02-09 · reinforced with tamarisk branches. the modern...

MACRES

Reinforced Earth Structure

About 3000 years ago the Babylonians used intertwined palm branches

to reinforce their "ziggurat". The Great Wall in China, built more than

2000 years ago, contains some sections where clay and gravel were

reinforced with tamarisk branches. The modern soil reinforcement

concept for retaining wall construction was introduced by Henri Vidal

in the early ‘60s. His researches led to the development of “reinforced

earth”, a system in which steel strip reinforcements were used.

A FASTER DESCRIPTION: The MacRes system consists of a soil reinforced with linear high

adherence reinforcements placed in the soil in successive layers and

connected to a flexible facing made in concrete panels.

To adapt to the specific characteristics of each project, the system

offers the option of using either galvanized steel reinforcements that

polymers with different strengths for greater efficiency. All are,

however, high adherence and their characteristics permit the

construction of structures, including very high and still highly charged.

Panels

Levelling Pad

Drainage behind

panels

MacRes

Reinforcements

Materiale da rilevato

Secondo specifiche

MacRes

Advantages

• Worldwide known System

• Fast Installation

• Low cost compared to

traditional structures

• Concrete Front Face for

urban areas.

• Panels with different

architectural finiture.

• Not required previous

experience for installation

Disadvantages

•Solution not integrated

with the environment..

•Preacasting area required

Possible Application

Road & Highway

Railway

Airport

Quarry

Parking area

Bridge Abutment

Case History

FORLI’

General Details

LOCATION: Tangenziale Est Forlì - Lotto1 rampa 6-7

CLIENT: Anas & Comune di Forli

CONTRACTOR: Oberosler

ENGINEER: Maccaferri

PRODUCTS USED: MacRes 1000m2

BEST FEATURE: MacRes max height 8.3 m

DESIGN DATE: 05/2006

CONSTRUCTION TIME: Start 08/2006 – End 09/2006

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: Access ramp to a future overpass

CREW (people): 3 foreman+ crane operator

PRODUCTIVITY (m2/day): 60-80m2/day

Case History

VENICE

General Details

LOCATION: Mestre – Venice – Riqualificazione Via

Torino – Lotto 2

CLIENT: Comune di Venezia

CONTRACTOR: Carron Spa



BEST FEATURE: MacRes max height 6.82 m


CONSTRUCTION TIME: Start 02/2007 End 04/2007

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: Access ramp to a future overpass


PRODUCTIVITY (m2/day): 30-40 m2/day

Case History

FIDENZA

General Details

LOCATION: Castione Marchesi-Fidenza

CLIENT: Comune di Fidenza

CONTRACTOR: ASG


PRODUCTS USED: MacRes 1022 m2

BEST FEATURE: macRes max height 5,60m + backslope height 4,02m



PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: new road



Case History PIEVE DI SOLIGO

General details

LOCATION: Pieve di Soligo (TV)

CLIENT: Comune di Pieve di Soligo

CONTRACTOR: Andreola-Brambati



BEST FEATURE:


PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: new viability

CREW (people): 3 foreman + crane operator


Case History LONGOBUCCO (CS)

General details

LOCATION: Longobucco (CS)

CLIENT: Comunità Montana e Comune di Longobucco

CONTRACTOR: SOGEMI scarl

ENGINEER: Officine Maccaferri

PRODUCTS USED: MacRes 12000 mq

BEST FEATURE: height max MacRes 16m

DESIGN TIME: 10/2008-12/2009

CONSTRUCTION TIME: Start 01/2009 - End 01/2012

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: New roads

CREW (people): 3 foreman + 1 crane operator

PRODUCTIVITY (mq/day): 60-80 mq/day

Case History

ARLUNO (MI)

General details

LOCATION: Arluno (MI)

CLIENT: CAVTOMI

CONTRACTOR: Oliaro Costruzioni



BEST FEATURE: height max MacRes 8,91m

DESIGN TIME: 03-12/2007

CONSTRUCTION TIME: Start 06/2008 - End --/2008

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: New overpass for bicycle



Case History

BATTIPAGLIA (SA)

General details

LOCATION: Battipaglia (SA)

CLIENT: TECNIS/COGIP

CONTRACTOR: Anas






PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: New highway exit



Case History

VILLESSE (GO)

General details

LOCATION: Villesse (GO)

CLIENT: Friulana Bitumi - Tomat

CONTRACTOR: Autovie Venete






PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: New highway



Case History

VADO - GARDELLETTA (BO)

General details

LOCATION: Vado - Gardelletta (BO)

CLIENT: Impresa Spa

CONTRACTOR: Autostrade spa






PROBLEM DESCRIPTION: New overpass on railway



Case History

KEMPEN – BELGIUM

General details

LOCATION: Kempen

CLIENT: JAN DE NUL


PRODUCTS USED: MacRes 10.000 mq







Case History

FORLI’ (FC)

General details

LOCATION: Forlì (FC)

CLIENT: CMC


PRODUCTS USED: MacRes 6.000 mq







Installation of the panels

Front face Concrete Elements a. CONCRETE PANELS 14 cm THICK

Manufactured vibrated concrete elements packaged in-factory

•CONCRETE: type C32-40 class XF1 with a minimum compression strength > 40 N/mm2

Type 425 Portland cement, either pozzolanic or blast-furnace. The aggregates shouldn’t be more than 25 cm. The only additives that can be used are those that don’t advise against use for pre-compressed concrete.

•GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES:

Visible surface levelness: =/- 5 mm over 1500 mm.

Difference in diagonal lengths: 10 mm. Spacer tolerance: -5 mm/ +10 mm

General tolerances: +/- 5MM. Center distance tube pivot: +/- 4 mm

•AIM OF THE CONTROLS: To verify the geometric characteristics and product integrity (without air bubbles, cracks, superficial defects). There shall be a trial of the minimum compression strength of 7 at 28 days. An attestation of the manufactured elements’ conformity to the requirements outlined in this document shall be made available at the project manager’s request.

ALL PANELS ARE CE MARKED

Front face Concrete Elements – a. Panels

Front face Concrete Elements – a. Panels – Ext. Finishes

Front face Concrete Elements – a. Panels – Ext. Finishes

Natural Stone

Special Elements – CORNER ELEMENT

Special Elements – COPING BEAM ELEMENT

Special Elements – COVER PLATE ELEMENT

Possible combination on

standard panels

• It’s required to take particular care of the compaction phase.

• Heavy equipment should not move close to the front face of the wall. Minimum distance 1.50/2.00m

• The direction of spreading and compacting always be parallel to the front face

• It’s required to use light compaction equipment near the front face (1.0tn)

• Compaction shall be performed with heavy machinery 1.50m behind the front face.

REINFORCEMENT TYPE

STEEL or PARAWEB Definition: does not stretch considerably

(INEXTENSIBLE REINFORCEMENT)

• Forms: Ribbed steel strip or paraweb

• Application: used in all mechanically stabilized earth applications

Reinforcements - a. Steel

METAL

The steel conforms to the European requirements of EN 10025 (December 1993), type S355JO

(equivalent to ASTM, type 50 and similar to the previous Italian Fe 52) shall have the following characteristics:

§ Tensile strength =510 MPa

§ Elastic limit =355 MPa

§ Elongation =22%

GEOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Nominal thickness: e= 4mm Tolerance: -0.3; +0.3mm

Nominal width: b=50mm Tolerance: -0.3; +0.3mm

SUPERFICIAL TREATMENT

Hot dip galvanized. Zinc coating = 5 g/ dm2 (guaranteed minimum of 70 micron) on

the entire surface

NATURE OF INSPECTIONS –CONFORMITY CERTIFICATES

Verification of the certificate of compliance

Verification of the geometric characteristics

Verification of the thickness of the galvanizing:

Reinforcements - a. Steel

Tie Strips For Steel Reinforcements

Reinforcements - a. Steel - Installation

Geosynthetic Reinforcement: ParaWeb®

ParaWeb strips are planar structure consisting of a core of high tenacity

polyester yarn tendons encased in a polyethylene sheath.

• Nominal resistance from 30kN to 100kN.

• The lenght of the rolls is of 100ml.

• The tensile nominal strength is printed on each roll.

GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCEMENTS:

ParaWeb®

Reinforcements no susceptibles

to corrosion;

High durability;

Easy transportation, handling

and installation;

High interaction with the soil

Example of disposition of ParaWeb

MATERIALS SOIL

To build a MacRes Structure follow the specification inserted in “Product Standard

Specifications”. Note in particular:

• ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

• GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

(VALID ONLY FOR STEEL REINFORCEMENTS)

• MAXIMUM OF 20% FINES passing from the 75 micron sieve

GEOTECHNICAL CARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO THE

AASHTO M 145 SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

1. RESISTIVITY

Backfill material satured after an hour of soil-water contact must have a

resistivity (at 100% saturation) greater than 3000 Ohm-cm

2. HYDROGENION ACTIVITY

The water from the satured soil should have Ph between 5 and 10

3. SOLUBLE SALTS CONTENT

Water soluble chloride content minor then 100 mg/Kg in water condition

200 mg/Kg in dry condition

Water soluble sulfate content minor then 100 mg/l in water condition

200 mg/l in dry condition

Water soluble nitrates content minor then 15 mg/l in water condition


Water soluble manganese content minor then 300 mg/l in water condition


ELECTROCHEMICAL CARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO BS 5400-4

macres reinforced earth structure · 2016-02-09 · reinforced with tamarisk branches. the modern...

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