macka talk pittcon 2016-v2016-03-06-given-watermarked
TRANSCRIPT
Gatherers and Foragers?
Analytical Scientists in the
Quest for Better Light Sources
Pittcon 2016, Atlanta, GA, USA
6-10 March 2016
Professor and Australian Research Council Future Fellow
Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and School of Chemistry,
University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
http://www.utas.edu.au/chem http://www.across.utas.edu.au
Mirek Macka
Pittc
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Pittc
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Pittcon
Pittc
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Gatherers and Foragers?
Analytical Scientists in the
Quest for Better Light Sources
Pittcon 2016, Atlanta, GA, USA
6-10 March 2016
Professor and Australian Research Council Future Fellow
Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and School of Chemistry,
University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
http://www.utas.edu.au/chem http://www.across.utas.edu.au
Mirek Macka
Pittc
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What is ’better’ ?
Depends on the purpose/use requirements
Light source properties, size, price, …
Wavelength(s)
Power
…so you may end up using:
‘BIG’: Synchrotron, nuclear reactor, …
‘Classical’: incandescent or discharge (W, W-hal., D2, Xe)
Some new ‘classical’ light sources
Solid state light sources: UV-vis-IR
New areas, strongest growth
Examples from own research Pittc
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Alternative VUV-vis light source?
IR laser driven light source: LDLS™ (Energetiq)
http://www.energetiq.com/index.php
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Solid state light sources
The light sources of the 21st century: SSLSs
SSLSs = LEDs + DLs
Synergies with new areas of strongest growth
Mobile technologies
Wearable technologies
Analysis
Platforms: Portable / mobile / remote
Areas:
Biomedical
Environmental
Food & agriculture
POC
on-site, in-field
Pittc
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6
Gatherers and Foragers?
Analytical Scientists in the
Quest for Better Light Sources
Pittcon 2016, Atlanta, GA, USA
6-10 March 2016
Professor and Australian Research Council Future Fellow
Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and School of Chemistry,
University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
http://www.utas.edu.au/chem http://www.across.utas.edu.au
Mirek Macka
Pittc
on 2
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Atla
nta,
USA
, 6 M
arch
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6
- 9 -
Solid State Light Sources
Why SSLSs?
(Sydney skyline)
“It is expected that optics, also referred to as photonics, will surpass electronics in
the 21st century in terms of the size of the industry reliant on it.” http://www.sfi.ie/investments-achievements/research-showcase/shedding-light-on-many-subjects/
“In the next decade we will see a massive transformation of the lighting industry
towards energy efficient Solid State Lighting (SSL)”
http://www.photonics21.org/download/olae_sra.pdf
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SSLSs: ‘outside (analytical) chemistry’
They have many advantages
and still a few weaknesses
Benefits from large industries
(much larger then chemistry)
Consumer electronics
Lighting
IT & CT
LIFI
Medical
Automobile
Security & military
www.zoneray.com
Pittc
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Looking ‘out of your box’
What is this?
iPad / Smartphone sterilisation device!
?
Pittc
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Atla
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6
Gatherers and Foragers?
Analytical Scientists in the
Quest for Better Light Sources
Pittcon 2016, Atlanta, GA, USA
6-10 March 2016
Professor and Australian Research Council Future Fellow
Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and School of Chemistry,
University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
http://www.utas.edu.au/chem http://www.across.utas.edu.au
Mirek Macka
Pittc
on 2
016,
Atla
nta,
USA
, 6 M
arch
201
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- 13 -
Looking ‘out of your box’
Analytical science is small compared to defence +
‘bread + games’ industries = food, IT, medical...
Non-analytical usage of LEDs: 3D-agri- and aquaculture,
sterilisation
Vertical Farms, Silicon Chip, March 1012, pp.16-23 siliconchip.com.au
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Solid state light sources
Why use solid state light sources (SSLSs) in science?
Conventional light sources
Incandescent, discharge lamps as light sources
SSLSs
Omnipresent, robust, inexpensive, miniaturisation compatible …
1880 2007
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SSLSs
LEDs
Laser diodes (LDs)
SLEDs
‘hybrid’ properties LED +LD
UV Vis NIR mid-IR
~ 200 nm - 7 µm
Electromagnetic spectrum
schematic representation
Light sources - typical properties:
Traditional: SSLS:
+++ Spectral coverage - + +
(deep-UV to NIR) (from 240 nm up)
+++ Mature well approved technology? - + +
(up to 200 years) (0 to ~40 years)
+ + - Luminosity - + -
- - - Energy conversion, heat production - ++
- - - Radiative heating +++
- - - Miniaturisation compatible? +++
- - - Robustness +++
- - - Life time +++
- - - $$$ +++
- + - Pulsed operation? +++
- + - Noise +++
- + - Future potential +++
0.01nm 1nm 100nm 1µm 1mm 1m 1km
!
Mirek Macka, Tomasz Piasecki Parmendu K Dasgupta, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for Analytical Chemistry, Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, 7, 183-207, 2014
Pittc
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Dark
Red Gree
n Blue
i
"Full colour RGB" LED 621-419
maximum (half-width) nm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
wavelength (nm)
rela
tiv
e in
ten
sit
y
Blue 438 (70) nm
Green 567 (25) nm
Red 627 (37) nm
SSLSs for analytical devices?
Advantages of LEDs
Small, reliable & robust => miniaturised & portable!
Low-cost: from <$1 to ~$50, but typically ~ $101
Long life-time: ~105 h & no catastrophic failure
Very low noise 10-5 AU
Used in various types of optical detectors
(HPLC, FIA etc.)
Can be operated in a pulsed regime
Can be pulsed
At extremely fast rates => TRF
Single-, bi- or tri-coloured LED’s available
Quasi-monochromatic: w(h/2) ~ 20-70 nm
‘Cold light’
5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
Migration time (min)
0.1
mA
U
a
b
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SSLSs in analysis: history
Blood oximeter 1972
Cohen A, Wadswort N
Red/NIR light absorption
Pulsed operation
www.medical-monitors.com
Deoxydated hemoglobin
Oxydated hemoglobin
oximeter.holisticphysio.com
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SSLSs in analysis: history
Blood oximeter 1972
Cohen A, Wadswort N
Red/NIR light absorption
Pulsed operation
1980s: LEDs: IR, RGB
1990s: explosive growth
Analytical detection
FIA, LC, CE, chip
1990-1995
Trojanovicz
Cardwell, Cattrall & Scollary,
Huang, Dasgupta, Hauser, Yeung,
Worsfold
www.medical-monitors.com Publications (Web of Science)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
No
. o
f p
ub
lica
tio
ns
TS= multidisciplin*
TS= miniaturi*
TS= MEMS
TS= microfluidic*
TI= electrophoresis
TI= liquid* chromatography
TI= gas* chromatography
TI= light emitting diode*
E&CE
HPLC
GC
Macka M., Andersson P., Haddad P.R., Electrophoresis, 17(12), 1898-1905, 1996 Mirek Macka, Tomasz Piasecki Parmendu K Dasgupta, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for Analytical Chemistry, Annual
Review of Analytical Chemistry, 7, 183-207, 2014
Deoxydated hemoglobin
Oxydated hemoglobin
oximeter.holisticphysio.com
Pittc
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‘My’ areas: analytical, separation science
Solid State Light Sources & Miniaturised platforms
SSLSs:
LEDs,
DLs
Platforms:
miniaturised,
portable,
remote
White LEDs:
broad spectrum
light sources
UV LEDs:
portable
fluorescence
microscopy
UV-vis LEDs: photopolymerisations
Chip-CE,
Chip-ITP
Portable
medium-pressure LC
Micro- and small UAV platforms
MEDIA:
Capillaries, chips,
paper(fluidics)
10-6/32 mol/ L Fluorescein Solution
LEDs:
on-capillary detection
Paperfluidics-inspired
sample preparation
Pittc
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My ARC FT
Solid State Light Sources & Miniaturised platforms
SSLSs:
LEDs,
DLs
Platforms:
miniaturised,
portable,
remote
White LEDs:
broad spectrum
light sources
UV LEDs:
portable
fluorescence
microscopy
UV-vis LEDs: photopolymerisations
Chip-CE,
Chip-ITP
Portable
medium-pressure LC
Micro- and small UAV platforms
MEDIA:
Capillaries, chips,
paper(fluidics)
10-6/32 mol/ L Fluorescein Solution
LEDs:
on-capillary detection
Paperfluidics-inspired
sample preparation
Pittc
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On-capillary photometric detection
Practical considerations
In-house designes: simple, robust
Capillary alignment in a Agilent CE optical interface
Vis-LEDs
Johns, C., et al. Journal of Chromatography A , 927, 237-241, 2001 Mirek Macka, Tomasz Piasecki Parmendu K Dasgupta, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for Analytical Chemistry, Annual
Review of Analytical Chemistry, 7, 183-207, 2014
Pittc
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On-capillary detection with LEDs
UV LED 370 nm
Buffered chromate electrolyte
LODs ~10x lower vs. Hg 254 nm
UV LED 370
nm
UV LED 370
nm
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
210 260 310 360 410 460
Wavelength (nm)
Ab
so
rba
nc
e U
nit
s
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Rela
tiv
e I
nte
ns
ity
LED
379.5nmHg line
254nm
chromate
absorption
spectrum
0.3
0.8
1.3
1.8
2.3
2.8
3.3
1.95 2.45 2.95 3.45
Migration Time (mins)A
bs
orb
an
ce (
mA
U)
Cl-
NO3-
HCO3-
(b)
SO42- F
-
King M., Macka M., Paull B., Haddad P. R., Analyst, 127(12), 1564-1567, 2002.
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Photometric
Deep-UV-LEDs: 255 nm
Photometric detection $200-300, ~20-300 mW
EOF
GDP
ADPAMP
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
time (min)
abso
rban
ce
5 m
AU
Johns C. et al., Electrophoresis,
2004, 25, 3145–3152
Noise ~0.1 mAU
no optical components
light utilisation <1%
Stefan Schmid, Mirek Macka, Peter Hauser, UV-absorbance detector for HPLC based on a light-emitting diode, Analyst, 133, 465-469, 2008 (DOI 10.1039/b715681b)
Lenka Krcmova, Anna Stjernlof, Sebastien Mehlen, Peter Hauser, Silvija Abele, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Analyst, 134, 2394 – 2396, 2009 (DOI:10.1039/ B916081G)
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Photometric
Deep-UV-LEDs
Performance
Baseline noise N~0.1mAU
0
5
10
15
20
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
absorbance (AU)
sensitiv
ity
(L/m
ol)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
200 300 400 500 600 700
wavelength (nm)re
lative in
ten
sity
257.0
Lenka Krcmova, Anna Stjernlof, Sebastien Mehlen, Peter Hauser, Silvija Abele, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Analyst, 134, 2394 – 2396, 2009 DOI:10.1039/ B916081G
Need for better deep-UV-LEDs!
‘suboptimal’ linearity
parasitic vis-band emission
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New generation deep-UV-LED
High optical output in ‘deep-UV’ @ 255 nm
Radiometric power 0.57 mW (before ~0.015 mW)
Negligible parasitic visible range emission
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
200 300 400 500 600 700
Re
lati
ve
inte
ns
ity
Wavelength (nm)
255 nm LED
NEW (Optan255H)
OLD (UV TOP 255)
350 450 550 650
Dvorak M. et al., in preparation, 2014
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New generation deep-UV-LED
High optical output in ‘deep-UV’ @ 255 nm
Radiometric power 0.57 mW (before ~0.015 mW)
Negligible parasitic visible range emission
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
200 300 400 500 600 700
Re
lati
ve
inte
ns
ity
Wavelength (nm)
255 nm LED
NEW (Optan255H)
OLD (UV TOP 255)
350 450 550 650
7.1 V
~5 V
6.1 V
Dvorak M. et al., in preparation, 2014
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
200 400 600 800
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
200 400 600 800
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
200 400 600 800
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- 27 -
‘Our’ areas: analytical, separation sci.
Solid State Light Sources & Miniaturised platforms
SSLSs:
LEDs,
DLs
Platforms:
miniaturised,
portable,
remote
White LEDs:
broad spectrum
light sources
UV LEDs:
portable
fluorescence
microscopy
UV-vis LEDs: photopolymerisations
Chip-CE,
Chip-ITP
Portable
medium-pressure LC
Micro- and small UAV platforms
MEDIA:
Capillaries, chips,
paper(fluidics)
10-6/32 mol/ L Fluorescein Solution
LEDs:
on-capillary detection
Paperfluidics-inspired
sample preparation
Pittc
on 2
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Atla
nta,
USA
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- 28 -
Microfluidics has gadgets!
Microfluidic platform
Modular, flexible
Pressure driven flow
Programable multi-channel HV source
Synchronised microscope 1
www.labsmith.com
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Visualization of the separation
Synchronized video microscope for visualization
available as part of the microfluidic platform
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Detectors: LED (in-house) +
electrochemical (BVT + eDAQ)
Syringe pumps
(LabSmith) Switchable valves
(LabSmith)
Injector (VALCO)
4-20 nL
Capillary column: monolith
(C18 - Merck Chromolith)
1
2
4
3
Mobile phase A
Switching valves
A1
A2
B2
B1
B
A
Mobile phase B
Waste
Sample
Injector
Data
acquisition
Capillary column
Pressure sensor
LED detector
~$700
~$1,000
~$700
Design
~$200
ca 25 cm
Li Y., Dvorak M, Nesterenko P., Stanley R., Nuchtachvorn N., Kujovska Krcmova L, Aufarova J., Macka M, Anal. Chim. Acta, 896,
166-176, 2015
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Performance of the LC system
Isocratic Separations (ion-pair RP LC)
Column: 300 x 0.1 mm ID
Eluent: 50 mM ammonium acetate -
acetonitrile 50/50 (v/v)
F=0.5 µL/min.
Detection: LED on-capillary photometric
detector (254 nm)
Sample: 60 µM methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
(MHP), 0.16 mM ethyl 4
hydroxybenzoate (EHB), 0.16 mM
propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (PHB),
and 0.17 mM butyl 4
hydroxybenzoate (BHB)
RSD < 1% (peak area), efficiency N ~ 80,000 TP
Li Y., Dvorak M, Nesterenko P., Stanley R., Nuchtachvorn N., Kujovska Krcmova L, Aufarova J., Macka M, Miniaturised medium
pressure capillary liquid chromatography system with flexible open platform design using off-the-shelf microfluidic components,
Anal. Chim. Acta, 896(8), 166-176, 2015
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Performance of the LC system
Gradient Separations: MeOH
Column: 180 x 0.1 mm ID
Eluent: A=50 mM NH4AC (pH 5),
B=methanol, linear gradient 0 to
100% B in 8.3 min,
F=1 µL/min.
Detection:
355 nm LED on-capillary photometric detector
Sample: Dichromate 5 mM, tartrazine 1 mM,
orange G 1 mM, naphthol yellow 1 mM
and brilliant yellow 1 mM, 20 nL
Compounds Tr
(min)
RSD (n=8)
Tr
Peak area
(mAU*t)
RSD (n=8)
Peak area
K2Cr2O7 1.19 1% 77 3%
Tartrazine 2.86 5% 45 5%
Orange G 3.45 4% 29 6%
Naphthol Yellow 3.76 3% 23 5%
Brilliant Yellow 6.17 1% 79 4%
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
mA
u
Time (min)
Tartrazine
Cr2O72-
Orange G Naphthol Yellow
Brilliant Yellow
100 %
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Performance of the LC system
Gradient Separations: MeCN
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8
mA
u
Time (min)
Coumarin
60%
100%
Cr2O72-
Tartrazine
Naphthol Yellow
Brilliant Yellow Sudan III Sudan IV
Martius Yellow
Column: 180 x 0.1 mm ID
Eluent: A=50 mM NH4AC (pH 5),
B=acetonitrile, linear gradient 0 to 60%
B for 5 min, then 100% B for 3 min.
F=1 µL/min.
Detection:
355 nm LED on-capillary photometric detector
Sample: dichromate 4 mM, tartrazine 1.5 mM,
naphthol yellow 1.5 mM, brilliant yellow
0.5 mM, martius yellow 2 mM, coumarin 1
mM, sudan III 0.5 mM and sudan IV 0.5
mM, 20 nL
Li Y., Dvorak M, Nesterenko P., Stanley R., Nuchtachvorn N., Kujovska Krcmova L, Aufarova J., Macka M, Miniaturised medium
pressure capillary liquid chromatography system with flexible open platform design using off-the-shelf microfluidic components,
Anal. Chim. Acta, 896(8), 166-176, 2015
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LED z-cell
Ball lens Ball lens
Silicon photodiode
Optics?
LED-z-cell
LED-z-cell photometric detector
Considerations
• Li Y. et al., unpublished results
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LED-z-cell
LED-z-cell photometric detector
Eluent
Slit
Tubular LED holder
defining distance
LED
Silica photodiode
• Li Y. et al., unpublished results
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-0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Ab
so
rban
ce
(m
AU
)
Time (min)
LED detector
Commercial detector 45 nL
LED-z-cell
Comparison of separation performance (254 nm)
The gradient separation of genetic amines: L-Dopa 9 ppm, L-tyrosine 18 ppm, norfenefrine 14 ppm,
phenylephrine 18 ppm and tyramine 18 ppm, linear gradient 5 mM to 35 mM methanesulfonic acid
(MSG) 0 to 12 min, flow rate 12 µL min-1. Column: CS19, 20 cm x 200 µm i.d., injection volume: 400 nL.
-0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Ab
sorb
ance
(m
AU
)
Time (min)
LED detector
Commercial detector 180 nL
• Li Y. et al., unpublished results
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On-capillary detection with LEDs
Quality of detection optical setup easily checked
Effective pathlength
Stray light %
Instrument Detector linearity Effective
upper limit (AU) pathlength (mm)
Agilent 3DCE 1.2 64.6
AB 270A-HT 0.75 60.5
Waters CIA 0.175 49.7 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1 10 100 1000 10000
absorbance (mAU)
Se
nsit
ivit
y [
AU
·L·m
ol-
1]
Agilent 3D-CE
Applied Biosystems 270A-HT
Waters CIA
Johns C., Macka M., Haddad P.R., King M., Paull B., J. Chromatogr. A, 927(1-2), 237-241, 2001 Johns C., Macka M., Haddad P.R., LC-GC Europe, 16(5), 290, 292, 294-295, 2003
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Photometry and photometric detection
Quality of detection optical setup easily checked:
Sensitivity vs. absorbance graph
Effective pathlength
Stray light %
Linearity evaluation
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Chromate [mol/L]
Ab
so
rba
nce
[m
AU
]
Agilent Technologies 3D CE
Applied Biosystems
Waters CIA
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Chromate [mmol/L]
Sen
sit
ivit
y [
AU
·L·m
ol-1
]
Agilent Technologies 3D CE
Applied Biosystems
Waters CIA
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1 10 100 1000 10000
Absorbance [mAU]
Sen
sit
ivit
y [
AU
·L·m
ol-
1]
Agilent Technologies 3D-CE
Applied Biosystems
Waters CIA
Johns C., Macka M., Haddad P.R., King M., Paull B., J. Chromatogr. A, 927(1-2), 237-241, 2001 Johns C., Macka M., Haddad P.R., LC-GC Europe, 16(5), 290, 292, 294-295, 2003
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- 39 -
Beckm
an Instr
um
ents
Ag
ilen
t Te
cn
olo
gie
s
deltaD
OT
Pri
nce T
echnolo
gie
s
Sebia
Mic
ro T
ech*
Lum
ex
Unim
icro
Technolo
gie
s*
CE
Resourc
es**
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Brand
We
igh
t [k
g]
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Vo
lum
e [
m 3
]
W [kg] V [m3]
Portable platforms - still rare species…
Example: CE
Markéta Ryvolová, Jan Preisler, Dermot Brabazon, Mirek Macka, Portable capillary-based (non-chip) capillary electrophoresis: current state, instrumentation and future development, TRAC, 29(4), 339-353, 2010
Analytical instrumentation: Portability? Pi
ttcon
201
6, A
tlant
a, U
SA, 6
Mar
ch 2
016
Portable platforms - still rare species…
How portable is commercial instrumentation?
Example: CE
Markéta Ryvolová, Jan Preisler, Dermot Brabazon, Mirek Macka, Portable capillary-based (non-chip) capillary electrophoresis: current state, instrumentation and future development, TRAC, 29(4), 339-353, 2010
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- 41 -
‘Our’ areas: analytical, separation sci.
Solid State Light Sources & Miniaturised platforms
SSLSs:
LEDs,
DLs
Platforms:
miniaturised,
portable,
remote
White LEDs:
broad spectrum
light sources
UV LEDs:
portable
fluorescence
microscopy
UV-vis LEDs: photopolymerisations
Chip-CE,
Chip-ITP
Portable
medium-pressure LC
Micro- and small UAV platforms
MEDIA:
Capillaries, chips,
paper(fluidics)
10-6/32 mol/ L Fluorescein Solution
LEDs:
on-capillary detection
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- 42 -
Research chips in a commercial chip-CE
Agilent Bioanalyzer 2010
DNA-chip vs. in-house-designed chips
DNA-chip In-house-chips
Ch
ip c
ad
die
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Research chips in a commercial chip-CE
Chips: Complex challenges
Optical detection: Fluorescence primarily
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Research chips in a commercial chip-CE
Details to be found in these publications:
1. Petr Smejkal, Ákos Szekrényes, Markéta Ryvolová, Frantisek Foret, András Guttman, Fritz Bek, Mirek Macka, Chip-based CE for rapid separation of 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) derivatized glycans, Electrophoresis, 31(22), 3783-3786, 2010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201000457
2. Nantana Nuchtavorn, Fritz Bek, Mirek Macka, Worapot Suntornsuk, Leena Suntornsuk, Rapid separations of Nile blue stained microorganisms as cationic charged species by chip-CE with LIF, Electrophoresis, 33 (9-10), 1421-1426, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201100698
3. Nantana Nuchtavorn, Petr Smejkal, Michael C Breadmore, Philip Doble, Fritz Bek, Rosanne M Guijt, Frantisek Foret, Leena Suntornsuk, Mirek Macka, Exploring chip-CE-LIF platform flexibility: Separations of fluorescent dyes by chip-based non aqueous CE, J. Chromatogr.A, 1286, 216–221, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.060
4. Petr Smejkal, Michael C. Breadmore, Rosanne M. Guijt, Frantisek Foret, Fritz Bek, Mirek Macka, Isotachophoresis on a chip with indirect fluorescence detection as a field deployable system for analysis of carboxylic acids, Electrophoresis, 33(21), 3166-3172, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201200141.R1
5. Petr Smejkal, Michael C. Breadmore, Rosanne M. Guijt, Jakub Grym, Frantisek Foret, Fritz Bek, Mirek Macka, Separation of carboxylic acids in human serum by isotachophoresis using a commercial field-deployable analytical platform combined with in-house glass microfluidic chips, Anal. Chim. Acta, 755, 115– 120, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.022
6. Petr Smejkal, Michael C. Breadmore, Rosanne M. Guijt, Frantisek Foret, Fritz Bek, Mirek Macka, Analytical isotachophoresis of lactate in human serum using dry film photoresist microfluidic chips compatible with a commercially available field-deployable instrument platform, Anal. Chim. Acta, 803, 135–142, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.046
7. Petr Smejkal, Danny Botteus, Michael C Breadmore, Rosanne M Guijt, Cornelius F Ivory, Frantisek Foret, Mirek Macka, Chip-ITP: a review, Electrophoresis, Special Issue Bioanalysis, 34(11), 1493-1509, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.201300021
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Detection: Concurrent multi-detection
LED photometric on-capillary
250-660 nm, baseline noise ~0.0001 AU
Macka M., Andersson P., Haddad P.R., Linearity evaluation in absorbance detection: The use of light emitting diodes for on-
capillary detection in capillary electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 17(12), 1898-1905, 1996
Johns C., Macka M., Paul R. Haddad, Design and performance of a light-emitting diode detector compatible with a
commercial capillary electrophoresis instrument, Electrophoresis, 25(18-19), 3145-3152, 2004,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.200405913
Lenka Krcmova, Anna Stjernlof, Sebastien Mehlen, Peter Hauser, Silvija Abele, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Deep-UV LEDs in
photometric detection: A 255 nm LED on-capillary detector in capillary electrophoresis, Analyst, 134, 2394 – 2396, 2009,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B916081G
Marketa Ryvolová, Jan Preisler, Pavel Krásenský, František Foret, Peter C. Hauser, Brett Paul, Mirek Macka, Single Point of
Detection Combined Contactless Conductometric, Photometric and Fluorimetric on-Capillary Detector for Capillary
Separation Methods, Anal.Chem., 82(1), 129-135, 2010, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac902376v
C4D electrodes
capillary
Second fluorescence
excitation (400 mm OF)
Fluorescence emission
pick-up (300 mm OF)
Optical fiber (OF)
SMA adapter
PD detector
(optical fiber)
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Triple detection C4D+PD+FD
Identical light source for PD and FD: 470 nm
Noise~<0.1mAU
1,24
1,25
1,26
1,27
1,28
1,29
1,3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Migration Time (min)
Sig
nal (
AU
)
PD
tartrazine
3,5
4
4,5
5
5,5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Migration Time (min)
Sig
nal (
V)
C4D
CO32- MES
His
EOF
K+
tartrazine
28
33
38
43
48
53
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Migration Time (min)
Sig
nal (
mV
)
fluorescein FD
3-in-1 combined C4D + PD + FD
CONDITIONS:
Sample: standard mix
Capillary: 75 mm, 31.5/39 cm
BGE: 20 mM CHES buffer pH 9
Voltage : 12 kV, Injection: 7 cm,10 s
C4D: 100 kHz
PD: LED 470nm, no filter @ 30 mA (2.7 mW), 300 mm /50mm in/out fibres
FL: Ex.: LED 470nm, no filter @ 20 mA (2.7 mW),
300 mm /300 mm excit./pick-up fibre
Markéta Ryvolová, Jan Preisler, Pavel Krásenský, František Foret, Peter C. Hauser, Brett Paul, Mirek
Macka, Anal.Chem., 82(1), 129-135, 2010, DOI 10.1021/ac902376v
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Design
1 point of detection
Fibre optics
SMA adapter
C4D electrodes
capillary
Second fluorescence
excitation (400 mm OF)
Fluorescence emission
pick-up (300 mm OF)
Optical fiber (OF)
SMA adapter
PD detector
(optical fiber)
C4D
electrodes
Capillary
SMA adapter
(PD input & pick-up, FD
input)
Fluorescence pick-
up (optical fiber)
Detector assembly platform Detector assembly cover
A B
3-in-1 combined C4D + PD + FD
Markéta Ryvolová, Jan Preisler, Pavel Krásenský, František Foret, Peter C. Hauser, Brett Paul, Mirek
Macka, Anal.Chem., 82(1), 129-135, 2010, DOI 10.1021/ac902376v
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Rapid design using 3D-printing
CAD 3D-printing characterisation
Extrusion (Felix)
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LED-IF: on-capillary detection - comparison
3-in-1
High Brightness LED 460 nm
@ 700 mA, 3.1 lm, optical fibre 1 mm
~27 mW
LOD = 4 × 10-8 M LOD = 1 × 10-9 M Ultra bright 3mm LED 470 nm
@ 30 mA, 3.6 V, 5000 mcd, 35º
~ 2.7 mW
LEDs vs. lasers
LODs 10-10
M vs. 10-12
M
Prices ~ € 10 vs. ~ € 5,000
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LEDIF: µLEDs
LEDs - the smallest light sources ever
Micro LEDs with diameter ~15 μm
LED chip – 1 mm2
LED Cluster – 450 μm diameter
170 µLEDs/ 400 μm optical fibre
Integrated filters, micropackaged
15 mm
Tanriseven, S., Maaskant, P., Corbett, B., Applied Physics Letters, 92, 123501, 2008
Vaculovičová, M., Akther, M., Maaskant, P., Brabazon, D., Macka, M., Fibre coupled micro-light emitting diode array light source with integrated band-pass filter for fluorescence detection in miniaturised analytical systems, Anal.Chim.Acta, 871, 85-92, 2015
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Back metal Filter
n -
contact
Light generating
active area
Dielectric
p - contact
Semiconductor (GaN)
Bond metal
Optical fibre
SiO2/HfO
LEDIF: µLEDs
Microfabrication & micropackaging
Custom designed integrated interfrence filters
400 450 500 550 0.0
0.5
1.0
S16 (without filter)
S19 (with filter)
Norm
alis
ed c
ou
nts
Wavelength, nm
Normalised emission spectra
Tanriseven, S., Maaskant, P., Corbett, B., Applied Physics Letters, 92, 123501, 2008
Vaculovičová, M., Akther, M., Maaskant, P., Brabazon, D., Macka, M., Fibre coupled micro-light emitting diode array light source with integrated band-pass filter for fluorescence detection in miniaturised analytical systems, Anal.Chim.Acta, 871, 85-92, 2015
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LEDIF: µLEDs
LOD (fluorescein) = 5x10-9 mol/L @ ~50 µW
Outlook: SLEDs!
35
40
45
50
55
60
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Migration Time [s]
I F [
a.u
.]
Sample: Maltooligosaccharide ledder
(Diluted by H2O 1:10)
Capillary: 75 mm, 30/40 cm
BGE: 50 mM acetate pH 4.7 + 20% DNA gel
Voltage : -10 kV, Injection: 7 cm, 15 s
300 mm pick-up fibre
µLED Device: S 19 (with filter) @ 20 mA
capillary
mLED fibre mLED chip
pick-up fibre
to PMT
Vaculovičová, M., Akther, M., Maaskant, P., Brabazon, D., Macka, M., Fibre coupled micro-light emitting diode
array light source with integrated band-pass filter for fluorescence detection in miniaturised analytical
systems, Anal.Chim.Acta, 871, 85-92, 2015
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- 53 -
‘Our’ areas: analytical, separation sci.
Solid State Light Sources & Miniaturised platforms
SSLSs:
LEDs,
DLs
Platforms:
miniaturised,
portable,
remote
White LEDs:
broad spectrum
light sources
UV LEDs:
portable
fluorescence
microscopy
UV-vis LEDs: photopolymerisations
Chip-CE,
Chip-ITP
Portable
medium-pressure LC
Micro- and small UAV platforms
MEDIA:
Capillaries, chips,
paper(fluidics)
10-6/32 mol/ L Fluorescein Solution
LEDs:
on-capillary detection
Paperfluidics-inspired
sample preparation
Pittc
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- 54 -
LEDs as a broad-spectrum source?
UV-vis-NIR LEDs as a multi-chip
‘all-wavelengths-in-one’ LEDs
$?
White LEDs?
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Line I
nten
sity
Wavelength, nm
Normalized Emission Spectrum of UV-Vis-NIR LEDs355 nm390 nm415 nm458 nm490 nm540 nm570 nm595 nm625 nm660 nm690 nm720 nm750 nm780 nm820 nm850 nm880 nm920 nm980 nm
Wavelength [nm] 200 300 400 500 600
Lam
p C
ou
nts
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Deutrium Lamp
Luxeon LED
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- 55 -
LED as a broad-spectrum light source
White LED as a broad-spectrum light source ?
White phosphorus LED
Mounted on a
D2-lamp base
Tomasz Piasecki
Piasecki T., Breadmore M.C., Macka M., White LEDs as broad spectrum light sources for spectrophotometry: Demonstration in the visible spectrum range in a diode-array spectrophotometric detector, Electrophoresis, 31(22), 3737-3744, 2010 (DOI 10.1002/elps. 201000341)
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- 56 -
LED as a broad-spectrum light source
White LED as a broad-spectrum light source for a DAD
- photometric detection for CE
Luxeon LED powered to currents of 0-400 mA.
0 mA
50 mA
100 mA
200 mA
400 mA
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- 57 -
LED as a broad-spectrum light source
Spectra
Luxeon (colour-coded)
Deuterium lamp (black)
Wavelength [nm]
200 300 400 500 600
La
mp
Co
un
ts
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
Deutrium Lamp
Luxeon LED
current: 50-400 mA
~5nm (thermal effect)
Time [min]
0 2 4 6 8
Ab
so
rban
ce [
mA
U]
0
2
4
6
8
10
Deuterium Lamp
Time (min) 0 2 4 6 8
Ab
so
rba
nc
e (
mA
U)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Luxeon LED
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White LED as a broad-spectrum source
Photometric detection in CE – D2 Lamp
Photometric detection in CE - LEDs
Better spectra quality for the LED lamp!
Only vis-range available
Wavelength [nm] 200 300 400 500 600
Ab
so
rban
ce (
mA
U)
0
2
4
6
8 FITC
Wavelength [nm] 200 300 400 500 600
0
2
4
6 F
Ab
so
rban
ce (
mA
U)
Wavelength [nm]
200 300 400 500 600 0
4
8
12
16
20
24 PR
Ab
so
rban
ce (
mA
U)
200 300 400 500 600 0
2
4
6
8 OG
Wavelength [nm]
Ab
so
rban
ce (
mA
U)
Wavelength (nm)
200 300 400 500 600
Ab
so
rban
ce (
mA
U)
0
2
4
6
8 FITC
Wavelength (nm) 200 300 40
0
500 600 0
2
4
6
8 F
Ab
so
rban
ce (
mA
U)
Wavelength (nm) 200 300 400 500 600
0
4
8
12
16
20 PR
Ab
so
rban
ce (
mA
U)
Wavelength (nm) 200 300 400 500 600
0
2
4
6 OG
Ab
so
rban
ce (
mA
U)
Piasecki T., Breadmore M.C., Macka M., White LEDs as broad spectrum light sources for spectrophotometry: Demonstration in the visible spectrum range in a diode-array spectrophotometric detector, Electrophoresis, 31(22), 3737-3744, 2010 (DOI 10.1002/elps. 201000341)
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- 59 -
‘Our’ areas: analytical, separation sci.
Solid State Light Sources & Miniaturised platforms
SSLSs:
LEDs,
DLs
Platforms:
miniaturised,
portable,
remote
White LEDs:
broad spectrum
light sources
UV LEDs:
portable
fluorescence
microscopy
UV-vis LEDs: photopolymerisations
Chip-CE,
Chip-ITP
Portable
medium-pressure LC
Micro- and small UAV platforms
MEDIA:
Capillaries, chips,
paper(fluidics)
10-6/32 mol/ L Fluorescein Solution
LEDs:
on-capillary detection
Paperfluidics-inspired
sample preparation
Pittc
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USA
, 6 M
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201
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- 60 -
LED-Imaging
Microscopy
Portable
Low-cost
USB Microscopes
Dino-Lite http://www.bigc.com/
Cheap (~$50) Chinese
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- 61 -
LED-Imaging
Microscopy
Portable
Low-cost
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- 62 -
LED-Imaging
Microscopy
Portable
Low-cost
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- 63 -
SSLSs: ‘non-analytical’
LEDs as light sources in many areas
Plant science
Wavelength-selective light
Biotechnology
Green algae
Photochemistry
Photolithography – chip microfabrication
e. g. Breadmore MC et al.
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- 64 - 64
Where use SSLSs?
LEDs, LDs, SLEDs
Optical detection
Fluorimetric
Photometric
Single-colour
White
Photoinitiated
polymerisations
of monoliths
Microphotochemistry
White LEDs:
broad spectrum
light sources
Single-colour or white LEDs:
photopolymerised monolith
LED-IF and diode LIF
Single-colour LEDs:
quasi-monochromatic
light sources
Single-colour LEDs:
photochemistry
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- 65 -
Where use SSLSs?
LEDs, LDs, SLEDs
Optical detection
Fluorimetric
Photometric
Single-colour
White
Microphotochemistry
Photoinitiated polymerisations
of monoliths
White LEDs:
broad spectrum
light sources
Single-colour or white LEDs:
photopolymerised monolith
LED-IF and diode LIF
Single-colour LEDs:
quasi-monochromatic
light sources
Single-colour LEDs:
photochemistry
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- 66 -
Photopolymerisations
LEDs as light sources
UV: 255 nm: Silvija Abele, Fu-Qiang Nie, František Foret, Brett Paull, Mirek
Macka, UV-LED photopolymerised monoliths, Analyst, 133, 864 - 866,
2008, DOI:10.1039/B802693A
Vis: 660 nm: Zarah Walsh, Silvija Abele, Brian Lawless, Dominik Heger,
Petr Klán, Michael C. Breadmore, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Photo-initiated
Polymerisation of Monolithic Stationary Phases Using Visible Region LEDs,
Chem. Commun., (48), 6504 – 6506, 2008, DOI:10.1039/B816958F
Vis: 470 nm: Zarah Walsh, Pavel A. Levkin, Brett Paull, Frantisek Svec and
Mirek Macka, Visible light initiated polymerisation of styrenic monolithic
stationary phases using 470 nm light emitting diodes, J.Sep.Sci., 33(1),
61-66, 2010, DOI:10.1002/jssc.200900624
UV: 365 nm: Silvija Abele, Smejkal Petr, Yavorska Oksana, Frantisek Foret,
Mirek Macka, Evanescent wave photoinitiated polymerization of open-
tubular capillary monolithic columns, Analyst, 135 (3), 477-481, 2010,
DOI:10.1039/b920789a
Monolith reviews:
Knob, R., Kulsing, C., Boysen, R.I., Macka, M., Hearn,
M.T.W., Surface-area expansion with monolithic open
tubular columns, TrAC, 67, 16-25, 2015
Zarah Walsh, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Inorganic
Monoliths in Separation Science: A Review, Anal. Chim.
Acta, 750, 28-47, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.029
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- 67 -
Photopolymerisations
LEDs as light sources
UV: 255 nm: Silvija Abele, Fu-Qiang Nie, František Foret, Brett Paull, Mirek
Macka, UV-LED photopolymerised monoliths, Analyst, 133, 864 - 866,
2008, DOI:10.1039/B802693A
Vis: 660 nm: Zarah Walsh, Silvija Abele, Brian Lawless, Dominik Heger,
Petr Klán, Michael C. Breadmore, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Photo-initiated
Polymerisation of Monolithic Stationary Phases Using Visible Region LEDs,
Chem. Commun., (48), 6504 – 6506, 2008, DOI:10.1039/B816958F
Vis: 470 nm: Zarah Walsh, Pavel A. Levkin, Brett Paull, Frantisek Svec and
Mirek Macka, Visible light initiated polymerisation of styrenic monolithic
stationary phases using 470 nm light emitting diodes, J.Sep.Sci., 33(1),
61-66, 2010, DOI:10.1002/jssc.200900624
UV: 365 nm: Silvija Abele, Smejkal Petr, Yavorska Oksana, Frantisek Foret,
Mirek Macka, Evanescent wave photoinitiated polymerization of open-
tubular capillary monolithic columns, Analyst, 135 (3), 477-481, 2010,
DOI:10.1039/b920789a
Monolith reviews:
Knob, R., Kulsing, C., Boysen, R.I., Macka, M., Hearn,
M.T.W., Surface-area expansion with monolithic open
tubular columns, TrAC, 67, 16-25, 2015
Zarah Walsh, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Inorganic
Monoliths in Separation Science: A Review, Anal. Chim.
Acta, 750, 28-47, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.029
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- 68 -
Abele S., Nie F.-Q., Foret F., Paull B., Macka M., Analyst, 132, 864 - 866, 2008
Monoliths: Synthesis with UV LEDs
Microfluidic chips – easily made in situ where needed
http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/AN/article.asp?doi=b802693a
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- 69 -
Photopolymerisations
LEDs as light sources
UV: 255 nm: Silvija Abele, Fu-Qiang Nie, František Foret, Brett Paull, Mirek
Macka, UV-LED photopolymerised monoliths, Analyst, 133, 864 - 866,
2008, DOI:10.1039/B802693A
Vis: 660 nm: Zarah Walsh, Silvija Abele, Brian Lawless, Dominik Heger,
Petr Klán, Michael C. Breadmore, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Photo-initiated
Polymerisation of Monolithic Stationary Phases Using Visible Region LEDs,
Chem. Commun., (48), 6504 – 6506, 2008, DOI:10.1039/B816958F
Vis: 470 nm: Zarah Walsh, Pavel A. Levkin, Brett Paull, Frantisek Svec and
Mirek Macka, Visible light initiated polymerisation of styrenic monolithic
stationary phases using 470 nm light emitting diodes, J.Sep.Sci., 33(1),
61-66, 2010, DOI:10.1002/jssc.200900624
UV: 365 nm: Silvija Abele, Smejkal Petr, Yavorska Oksana, Frantisek Foret,
Mirek Macka, Evanescent wave photoinitiated polymerization of open-
tubular capillary monolithic columns, Analyst, 135 (3), 477-481, 2010,
DOI:10.1039/b920789a
Monolith reviews:
Knob, R., Kulsing, C., Boysen, R.I., Macka, M., Hearn,
M.T.W., Surface-area expansion with monolithic open
tubular columns, TrAC, 67, 16-25, 2015
Zarah Walsh, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Inorganic
Monoliths in Separation Science: A Review, Anal. Chim.
Acta, 750, 28-47, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.029
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Red-LED photoinitiation in polyimide..
“Photoinitiated polymerisation of monolithic stationary
phases in polyimide coated capillaries using visible
region LEDs”
Zarah Walsh, Silvija Abele, Brian Lawless, Dominik Heger, Petr Klán, Michael C. Breadmore, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Photo-initiated Polymerisation of Monolithic Stationary Phases Using Visible Region LEDs, Chem. Commun., (48), 6504 – 6506, 2008, DOI: 10.1039/B816958F
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Photopolymerisations
Modelling/simulating light penetration
Counter-intuitive patterns
10% 1% 0.1%
85% 75% 65%
Piasecki T., Brabazon D., Macka M., ISCC 2010, poster A.08., Thu-Fri 3-4 June
Piasecki, T., Macka, M., Paull, B., Brabazon, D, Numerical model for light propagation and light intensity distribution inside coated fused silica capillaries, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 49 (7), 924-931, 2011
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Photopolymerisations
LEDs as light sources
UV: 255 nm: Silvija Abele, Fu-Qiang Nie, František Foret, Brett Paull, Mirek
Macka, UV-LED photopolymerised monoliths, Analyst, 133, 864 - 866,
2008, DOI:10.1039/B802693A
Vis: 660 nm: Zarah Walsh, Silvija Abele, Brian Lawless, Dominik Heger,
Petr Klán, Michael C. Breadmore, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Photo-initiated
Polymerisation of Monolithic Stationary Phases Using Visible Region LEDs,
Chem. Commun., (48), 6504 – 6506, 2008, DOI:10.1039/B816958F
Vis: 470 nm: Zarah Walsh, Pavel A. Levkin, Brett Paull, Frantisek Svec and
Mirek Macka, Visible light initiated polymerisation of styrenic monolithic
stationary phases using 470 nm light emitting diodes, J.Sep.Sci., 33(1),
61-66, 2010, DOI:10.1002/jssc.200900624
UV: 365 nm: Silvija Abele, Smejkal Petr, Yavorska Oksana, Frantisek Foret,
Mirek Macka, Evanescent wave photoinitiated polymerization of open-
tubular capillary monolithic columns, Analyst, 135 (3), 477-481, 2010,
DOI:10.1039/b920789a
Monolith reviews:
Knob, R., Kulsing, C., Boysen, R.I., Macka, M., Hearn,
M.T.W., Surface-area expansion with monolithic open
tubular columns, TrAC, 67, 16-25, 2015
Zarah Walsh, Brett Paull, Mirek Macka, Inorganic
Monoliths in Separation Science: A Review, Anal. Chim.
Acta, 750, 28-47, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2012.04.029
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Evanescent wave
photoinitiation (EWP)
EWP in transparent
PTFE-coated
fused silica
capillaries
Conditions
• initiator - DAP
• LED - 365 nm
• polymerisation time 15 min
Results
5 cm of capillary filled with polymer, but
top end is whiter, bottom end – paler
(polymer only around the wall proved by SEM)
Spectra not matched
Evanescent wave photoinitiation Pi
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a, U
SA, 6
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EWP
365 nm
LED
20 mm 0 mm 4.5
mm
8.5
mm
11.5
mm
15.5
mm
Evanescent wave photoinitiation
Silvija Abele, Smejkal Petr, Yavorska Oksana, Frantisek Foret, Mirek Macka, Evanescent wave photoinitiated polymerization of open-tubular capillary monolithic columns, Analyst, 135 (3), 477-481, 2010, DOI:10.1039/b920789a
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LEDs in photochemistry
LEDs in the photoswitching of photochromic molecules
MC-Co Complex Absorbance Data
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength (nm)
Ab
so
rba
nce
0.00005M
0.0001M
0.0005M
0.001M
0.005M
0.01M
0.05M
0.1M
MC - no Co present
370nm
525nm
Walsh, Z., Scarmagnani, S., Benito-López, F., Abele, S., Nie, F.-Q., Slater, C., Byrne, R., Diamond, D., Paull, B., Macka, M., Photochromic spiropyran monolithic polymers: Molecular photo-controllable electroosmotic pumps for micro-fluidic devices, Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical, 148 (2), 569-576, 2010
Scarmagnani, S., Walsh, Z., Slater, C., Alhashimy, N., Paull, B., Macka, M., Diamond, D., Polystyrene bead-based system for optical sensing using spiropyran photoswitches, J.Mater.Chem., 18 (42), 5063-5071, 2008
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Future?
Every
perspective
is personal
and
relative…
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LEDs: Deep-UV?
From ~0.01 mW to 1-3 mW
HIC
SU
NT
LE
ON
ES
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
200 300 400 500 600 700
Wavelenght [nm]
Ra
dio
me
tric
po
we
r [m
W]
€0.00
€100.00
€200.00
€300.00
€400.00
€500.00
€600.00
€700.00
€800.00
Pri
ce
[€
]
Single chip LED power emitters
Multichip LED high power emitters
Single chip LED price
Multichip LED price
Mirek Macka, Tomasz Piasecki Parmendu K Dasgupta, Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for Analytical Chemistry, Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, 7, 183-207, 2014
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Future of SSLSs in science
SSLSs: Deep-UV?
The “Alloy Road” to deep-UV-LEDs: AlN
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Future of SSLSs in science
LEDs: Spectra and prices now and into the future
Emission spectra for LEDs and LDs
0
0.5
1
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength (nm)
Re
lati
ve
In
ten
sit
y
256 nm
281 nm
370nm
401 nm
473 nm
523 nm
Laser 532 nm
634 nm
660 nm
$
101
102
100
$
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SSLSs: New ‘cool gadgets’…
High power low cost lasers
http://www.wickedlasers.com/
UV-LED torches
395 nm http://au.element14.com/night-searcher/nsnuvled395/torch-led-uv/dp/1823957?Ntt=1823957&CMP=i-55c5-00001402
365 nm, 395 nm
5W (electrical input)
http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/606066.pdf
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SSLSs: New ‘cool gadgets’…
Applications: photosynthesis – plant growth
Spectrum needed:
Chlorophyl spectrum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorophyl
Red + blue
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Future?
Light sources SSLSs
LEDs
Deep-UV (<300 nm)
Higher power! (W) + ‘clean’ spectra
VUV ? (<180 nm) ???
MIR (2-7 um)
LDs
Parallel the success of LEDs
‘Specialties’ e.g. QCLs (IR)
New areas, strongest growth
Vacuum UV (VUV), deep-UV, IR light sources
Portability
Imaging – all wavelengths
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Acknowledgements
SPECIAL THANKS TO:
$ Australian Research Council (ARC):
Future Fellowship Level 3 (Professorial)
$ Australian Endeavour Fellowship
$ University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia,
ACROSS & School of Physical Sciences
$ Agilent, Waldbronn, Germany
University Relations Grant
$ Royal Jubilee Scholarship,
Mahidol University, Thailand
$ Grant Agency of the Czech Republic
OTHER COLLABORATORS :
Companies: LabSmith, USA; Knauer AG, Germany
Academic: Prof Leena Suntornsuk, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
…….
AU$
€
CZK
THB
AU$
AU$
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UTAS: PhD scholarship available
Tasmania: Beautiful & mild climate
Follow Charles Darwin
Numerical modelling
Thank you!
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Thank you!
The presentation available at
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mirek_Macka
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