Technology, Style and Society

Contributions to the Innovations between theAlps and the Black Sea in Prehistory

Compiled and Edited by

Lolita Nikolova

BAR International Series 8542000Oxford

Technology. Sty le and Society. Contributions to the Innovations between the Alps and the Black Sea in Prehistory

CHAPTER 26

LATE CHALKOLITHIC CERAMIC STYLE AT Y UNATSITE TELL

'(ApPROACHTO THE SVSTEMATlZATlONOF THE CERAMICS FROM

THE NEWLV EXCAVATED LEVELS)

Nadezhda Todorova and Velichka Matsanova

Introduction

The Late Chalkolithic in Thrace is well investigated and wellknown period at first view only. There is a rich cera mic ma­terial collected from the excavated sites. but most of it isunpublished. Many sites excavated are poorly published. asBikovo, Gabarevo, Lenovo, Mcchkyur, Kostievo, Kolena.Devebargan, Zavet, known in the scholar literature by singleshort publications only (Detev 1954; 1962b; Mikov 1926­1931; 1961; Georgicv 1948; Popov 1922-1925; Seure andDegrand 1906). Materials from some sites like Dolnoslav,Mudrets, Sta ra Zagora Mineralni Bani. Sta ra Zago ra ­Okruzhna Bolni tsa, Chatalka (Delimonevo Kale) etc. arecompletely or almost unpublished. The only informationcomes from the short report s to the Archaeolo gicallnstitntewith scantv data. In manv cases the authors spare unfoundedlysmall place for the pottery, the descriptions are common, andserious attempts for systematization are missing. As a rule,the pottery is published selectively. The more peculia r frag­ments or whole shapes are represented there, which do notcompletely describe the complex. The quantity and especia llythe quali ty of the illustrat ions in most publicat ions make itdifficult or impossib le complete using of the informat ion .

In the last yea rs the pub lications concerni ng the LateChalkolithic'did not considerab ly increased. Better is repre­sented the material from Dubene-Sarovka (Nikolova a ndZakharieva 1994, chapter 6) as in the article the material isS\ stematized, but unfortunately it is fragmented. as well asthe results of drill ing excavations at Gulubovo tell (Stefanova1991). A pan of the materia ls from Yunatsitc (Maza nova1992. Matsanova 1994). single fragmen ts from Perushtitsa(Koleva 1988), a nd recently mat erial s fro m Ka pi ta nDimitrievo (Matsanova in Nikolov et al. 1999; 77-94) andRupkite-Kaleto tell has been pnblished as well.

To the publications above contrasts the recently publishedLaic Chalkolithic pottery from Kara novo, where despite theconsiderable fragmentary character ofthe material there is adetai led technological characteristics and an attempt of ty­pology and classificat ion of the pottery (Schrol 1997).

On the whole, as a matter of fact, there is no detail classifica ­tion and typology of the Late Chalkolithic pottery from theUpper Thrac ian valley, as well as there are missing signifi­cant investigations on the technology of the Chalkolithicpottery. One explanation is the fact that the excava tions usu­ally reveal a big quantity of cera mic and its primary system-

ati zation is highly labor consuming.

In this approach to the systematization of the Late Chalko-j.>lithic pottery in Upper Thra ce the basic material from therecent excavations at Yuna tsite tell. the Upper Mari tsa val­Icy are 10 be analyzed.

Vunatsite tell, Cnmmon characteristics

Location and culture environment

The site is located 1.5 km of Yunatsitc village, PazardzhikDistrict. The settlement is situated over a low terrace on theright side of the old bed of Topolnit sa River (Batakliev 1969:490). Not far. to the south. are the fist unfloodcd terraces ofthc Maritsa River. The north slopes ofthc Rhodopes raise ca.15 km south of the site. The south slopes of the SushtinksaSredna Gora border the region from the north. Thc IhtimanHeights are located to the west. On the whole. the country inthe neighborhood is Oat. with slight sloping to southeast.

The tell of Yunatsite had visible height over the surroundingterrain c. 9 m. The shape is oval, slightly prolong in east­west direction with diameters of the base 110 x 100 m. Mili­tary trenches and water channel have destroyed the westernperiphery of the site in recent times.

The closest prehistoric site are Tekera tell. near Vetren andBanvata Mogila near the village of Kapitan Dimitricvo. lo­cated 9-10 km southwest of Yunatsitc tell. C. 12 km cast issituated Ognyanovo tell.

It should be especia lly stressed the key geographical positionof the site. TIle Yunatsite tell is situated in the region be­tween Eastern and Western parts of the Balkan Peninsulawhere from most ancient Antiquity limes the big Eurasianroad from southeast to north west passed. for transmission ofpeople, ideas, constant trade and culture exchange. The west­ern pan s ofUpper Thracian valley offer direct access to SofiaField, respectively to contemporary Northwestern Bulgaria.Eastern Serbia and Romania. In southeastern direction. theMaritsa River provides reliable water road to Turkis h Thrace.the Aegean and Northwestern Asia Minor. In the region arelocated the most accessible passes through Western Rhodopesmassif -direct connection with the regions of Western Thracc,Thcssaly, and Eastern Macedoni a. That favorable location ofthe settlement on the cross-road of the main Balkan arteriesmakes possible the existence of a complex where clementsfrom different synchronous cultures could be traced. The ex-

331

Nadezhda Todorova and I eticbka Marsan ova

istence ofsuch complexes allow precise relative dating ofthedistinct archaeo logica l cultures, their phases and synchroni­zation, as well as analysis of the ways and manners of real­ization of the interactions between the population with neigh­bor regio ns (for instance. exis tence of exchange trade).

Excava tions

The first description of the tell belongs to brothers Shorpil(Shkorpil H. and Shkorpil K. 1898: 8 1). Evidence of the sitepublished V. Mikov as well (J 933: 84). The last author exca­vated for the first time the tell in the autumn of 1939. Atrench, 25x 10 m, was excavated up to 9 m depth, withoutreaching the sterile layer (Mikov 1937-1939: 55-84: Katin­charov et a l. 1995: 13).

In 1976 significant investigations began at the site conductedby R. Katincharov and V. Matsanova. In 1981 the expedi tionbecame international with part icipation of N. Ya. Merpert ,Y.S. Titov, etc. Since that time to 1995 the whole layer ofEarly Bronze Age has been investigated in the east one thirdof the tell, as well as partially the first and the second build­ing level of the Chalkolithic. The common stratigraphy ofthe tell was elaborated precisely (Katincharov et al. 1995:24-33) .

Stratigraphy

In the course of the excavations in 1976- 1985 the followingstratigraphic sequence was documented (Katincharov et al.1995: 15):

Layer A - a depth from 0.30 to 1.00 m.Middle Age cemetery, 13'10 - 14'10 century.Settlement and castle - 2nd_4 th century.Thracian settlement from Late Iron Age - 6'"_5 ''' BC.

Layer B - a depth from 1.00 to 6.20 m.17 building levels from Bronze Age.Layer C - depth from 6.20 to 9.00 m.Chalkolithic.

At the time of the investigations materials from Late BronzeAge and destroyed structures from Early Iron Age have beendiscovered as well.

In the last years (1989-1998) the archaeological excavationswere concentrated over investigation ofthe Late Chalkolithicbuilding levels of the site. The bases off part of the housesfrom the 17th building level from the Early Bronze Age aresituated over the destruction of the first building horizon ofthe Chalkolithic. Moreover, there is a stratigraphic hiatus atthe centra l profile of the site.

The part ially investigated Chalkolithic building levels haverecovered an extremely complicated stratigraphic picture. Theproblems of planigraphy and the stratigraphy of the site arebeyond the subject ofthat paper, then, only basic data will beshortly represented here. The data from the recent excava­tions of the Chalkolithic layer in the eastern part of the siteshow the existence of2 building levels belonging to the Cop-

332

per Age without fixed hiatus between. Both settlements werefired. Since 1986 on 13 houses from the first and secondhorizon have been registered and partially investigated. Asthe pottery of the both horizons does not show any differ­ences . the analysis of the material from both the horizonswill be commonly treated .

Technological data on the pottery

For the technological description of the intact vessels andthe fragme nts from the first and the seco nd hor izons par­tially the scheme of G. Schneider is applied (Schne ider et al.1989). The following main criteria are used: Contents of thepaste, slip. co lor and treatment of the surface.

Based on the correlation ofthe characteristic mentioned above(see Annex I) 9 technolog ical groups are distinguished:

Fine black burnislt ed ware. The number of the vesse ls fromthat group is considerably small. Three categories of vesselsare represented - shallow and deep bowls. cups and pots.The pottery of that technological group has compact andhomogenous black color. It is made of extremely ti ne claypaste with insignificant quantity o f mixture o f very fine or­ganic matter and fine sand. Almost in all cases the inner andthe outer surface is co vered with slip (fine. semi-fine or com­pact), very rare there is self slip. As a rule, the vessels areburnished inside and outside. The burnishing is up to glanceor in strips. Rarely there are vessels with smoothed surface.as the smoothing is always homo genous. That manner ofsurface treatment is characteristic mainly o f the inner sur­face of the vessels from the category of the bowls and thecups and pots (B.I.2. I: D.V.1.2: E.VI1.1.1). a considerablepart of the shapes under question are decorated with graph­ite ornament (A.l1.2.1: A.lV.3 . I; B.Y.2; D.Y. 1.1: E.VI12.2).

Fine gray and gray and black wilre. That group is also notnumerous. The category of the plates (A.II and A.VII andrarely others) mainly represents that group. The vessels havelight gray and dark gray and black color of the surface. Thecoloring is homogenous. The content s of the clay does dodiffer from that of the black fine pottery. In all cases the sur­face is co vered inside and outside with fine and semi-fineslip and is evenly (A.II.1: A.VIU) or in strips (A.IV.3. 1)burnished . Th inner surface of some plates are decoratedwith graph ite (A.1I2 ; A.IY.3.1).

Black and gray and black burnish ed ware. A considerab lepart of the ceramics belongs to that group . It is mainly dis­tributed in the category of the shallow bowls - almost a llbas ic shapes are represented (A.I: A.11.1: A.IV. 1. A.IY.1:A.V.2; A.V.3; A.VA), as well as distinct types of'bowls. cups.pots and lids (B.1I 1.2. 1: B.VI1.4 : D.V.3: E.V I.1: E.VI.3 :E.VII.I; F.I.I ). The surface color is compact black and grayand black, homogenous. The vessels were made of semi-fineor semi-coarse clay. The c lay mixture consists of one and thesame elements - fine quartz, small and medium big quartzstone. fine organic matter. The on ly difference is in their con­centration. Most of the pottery has slip surface, which is fine.semi-fine and compact. Self-slip surface and washing sur­face are rare ly distributed. All variants of the burnishing of

Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style 0 1 lima/site Tell

the surface are documented - even ly. in strips. burnishing toshine surface. Most often the evenly burni shin g of the ves­sels insi de and outside is documented. Th e decoration withgraphite is vast distributed among the vessels of that techno­logical group. The ornament is placed over the inner surfaceof sha llow bow ls of types A.1I.2; A.V2; A.V 3 and over theouts ide surface of cups of types D.VI ; D.V 2; D.V 3; D.V 4.as well as at the upper part of dis tinct types of pots andamphorae-like vessels (tVII. I; F.1. I).

Light brown burnished ware . The vessels from the catcgo­ries of shallow bowls . bowls. cups. pots and miniature ea rth­cnware are approxi mately equally distributed in that techno­logical group (R.I.l ; A. VI. I; B.VlI .l ; D.L D.I1; K.l V; M.l.l. ;M.II.2 .I ; M.lIl.3). 111epottery has homogenous (evenly) lightbrown color. The clay used is semi-fine. The mixture con­sists mainly of fine quartz sand and quartz stone in smalland medium size. The slip of the surfa ce is semi-fine or self­slip. It should be mentioned thc fact that the analyzed pot­tery of that technological gro up does not include compact orsemi-fine slip. The only exception is a lid (shape K.IV) coy­ered outside by compact slip. The outer surface of the vesselsis burnished - evenly or in strips. There is one instance ofevenly smoothed surface . Th e ceramic biscuit has uniformlight brown color. Th c vesse ls mostly belong to the group ofthe unornamented pottery.

Brown and dark brown burnished ware . The number of thevessels of that technological group is not big. Bowls and sometypesofcups are repre sented in (R.lVI.2: A.VII. 1.2: D.V2.2).The pottery has compact and homogenous brown and darkbrown color. The clay used is semi-fine, rarely semi-course,mixed with fine sand. quartz stone and fine orga nic matter.T he vessels ' surface is covered with fine and semi-fine slip.Self slip is rarel y distributed. Thc surface is evenl y burnished,by the bowls - inside and outside. The vessels of that techno­logical category normally have no ornamentation. with ex­ception of cups of type D.V2 .2, which has a graphite orna­mcnt in its upper part .

Brown , black and brown lind gray and brown burn ishedware with irregu lar coloring of the surface. Most catego­ries of vessels represent that group. The biggest is thc num­ber of the sha llow bowls. Th e vessels of the resl of the cat­egories - cups. amphorae -like vessels. POlS and etc. - arcapproxima tely proportionately distributed (R.[1.2: A.I V 2;A.V2 : A.V 3; A V 4 l; A.VlIl.3 ; B.I.2 : B.III.2 .2; BV . I;D.lV I ; D.lV2: D.V2.2: E.IV2 ; F.Ill ctc .). Th e pottery hasirregular color of the surface , which is due to the way ofburning. bUI probab ly in some cases to the seco ndary burn­ing. Th ere arc spot of irregular shape on the inner and theouter surface. Th e color of the spots varies from light beigeto dark brown and from light gray to black. Thc clay used issemi-fine and semi-eoarsc. as the mixture is identical withthose described by the g roup of thc brown burni shed pottery.The outer surface. and by the bowls thc outer and the innersurface, is covered with fine and semi -fine slip. ra rely self­slip is documented. The vessels are burnished. as at the closedshapes in the categories of the cups. thc inn er surface is al­wavs evenl v smoothed. A considerable number of the vesselsar~ decorat~ with graphite (R.lU .L A.l1.2; D.lV 2: E.IV.2:

F.III) .

Brown and(lark brown coarse ware. The vesselsof that tech­nological group are not numerou s. Th e categories of bowls.pots and storage vesse ls arc mainly distributed B.U : B.II.I :B.V: B.VI I.3 ; E.Vlll. I; J.III .I.2: J.l VI ; 1.V2 2). T hc pot­tery has homogenous brown color. sometimes the inner andthe outer surface of the vesse l is differentl y colored . Thc clayused is scmi-eoarse. rarely coarse. The mixtures consist ofquart z and stone in di lTercnt sizes and high concentra tion.Organic matters arc registered as well. Fine. semi-fine andself slip characterize most of the vesse ls. which cover onlythe inner surface . In some cases the upper outer parts ofsometypes of bowls and storage - depositori es are slipped as wellas rarely the upper part s of some types of bowls and storagevessels. Th e slip part s arc homogeneously smoothed. rarelyburnishing is distributed. The outer su rface of the vesselsnormally is roughedby organized barbot ine. unevenandveryrare ly evenly smoothed. Th e decoration is mainly relief.

Brown , hlack anti brown and graJ' and brown rough waren·;th irregular coloring ofthe surface. Tothat technologica lgroup a big quantity of vessels belong. mainly of thc cat­egory of bowls. pots and storage - depositori es (B.I. : B.l I.I :B.VI : B.V I.I : B.V1.2: B.VI.3 : E.IU : E. IVI.2 : E.V U :E.Vil L I: J.Ill l .2; 1.V.l.2 ; 1.V2.1: J.V). The pottery has ir­regu lar color of the surface. identical to the described forgroup NO.6. Th e clay used is semi-coar se and coa rse, Thcmixture of quartz stone. sand and organic is of high concen­trati on . As by the vessels of the previous group. the innersurface or the upper ontcr parts of thc eloscd shapes a reslipped . Th e snrface treat ment is ident ical to that of gro upNO. 7. The inner surface is evenly smoothed rarely irregularsmoothing is distributed. The outer surface is consciouslyroughed (dra gging. barbot inc). Th e decorat ion of the vesse lsis mainly relief.

Ret! anti brown rough ware . Storage vessels - depositoriesof types (1.1.2: 1.11I1.1 : J.Il1.2; J.IV2; K.ll) represent thattechnologica l group. T he pottery has rcd and brown homog­cnous and irregular color of Ihe surface. The clay is roug hwith cons iderable quantity of mixtures of relatively coarseorga nic matt ers, medium an d big quart z stone a nd highlyconcentrated sand. T hc outer surface is nnslipped an d con­sciously roughed. T he inner surface is cove red with fine slipor sclfs lip and evenl y smoothed. The only used tcchniqnc ofdecoration is relief onc .

The ana lysis of the technological gro ups shows that in thccomplex vessels with dark coloring dominate with d ilTcrcntnuan ces ofblack. gray and black and da rk brow n. T he groupof the light brown pottery is not nume rous . The vessels withuneven colori ng of the surface are often distributed, But it is .important to stress on the fact the potte ry analyzed origi­nates from burnt hori zons and becanse ofthat reason thc colorof the vessels should be not leading in thc distinguishing ofthe certain technological groups. The importance of that cri­terion should be notovervalued as the ceramic complexes atother Late Chalkolithic sites indi cate very differen t picturein relati on to the color variation documented at Yunatsi tc,Among the pottery at Telish and Sudicvo clearly do minate

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Nadezhda Todorova and I elichka Matsanava

lighter colors - light brown. beige , light be ige etc. and itcan not be exclude d the fact that those sites exemplify a kindof another regul ar ity.

As far as the clay mixtures conc ern, at Yunatsite dom inatethe quartzsand and stone in different sizes. The organic matteris relative ly often used, but mixtures of mica is rarely distrib­uted and the limestone inclusions, as we ll as ' shamot" areexceptions (see the Ann ex No. I ).

It is interesting to note the small quantity of vesse ls made offine clay - mai nly cups. sha llow bowls and small bowls. Mainpart of the ponery belongs to the gro up o f the gray and blackand black burn ished and dark brown and black and brownburnished ce ramics, so that almost all catego ries are distrib­uted (see above). Traditionally, the ' kitchen' earthenware, aswe ll as the storage vesse ls - deposi tories. is made of coarsepaste with roughly treated or consc iously roughed surface .

The biggest part of the pottery from the first seventh techn o­logical gro ups has an additional slip documented - over thewhole surface or over distinct part of the vesse ls. re lated tothe shape and the function of the vesse l. Slip and se lf-s lipvessels are with ca re fully trea ted burnished surface.

On the who le, the technological characterist ics defined donot show considerable differences among the known fromthe Late Chalko lithic sites in the region o f the parts of theUppe r Thrac ian va lle y - Karanovo (Schro l 199 7: 287),G ulubo vo (S tefanova 1991 : 145), G udz hov a Mogi la, Iskrit sa,etc. Unfortunate ly. there are no co nsiderable data on the pot ­tery from sites like Dolnoslav, Starn Zagora-Mineralni Bani.Chata lka, Sveti Kirilovo, Bikovo, etc. Because of that rea­son. the detail technolog ical comparison cannot be e labo­rated.

Classification

The c lassificat ion of the pott ery is spec ified on the base ofintact ce ram ic shapes or iginated from Chal kolithic leve ls andfragme nted ponery of closed co mplexes existed.

At the base of the c1as si lic ation are the forma l and funct ionalcharacteristics of the vesse ls. The distinguished categoriesof earthenware are sha llow bowl s, bo wls. j ugs, cups, pots,amphorae- like vessel s, "vases'. askoi , storage vessels > de­positories, lids, pot-stands and miniature vesse ls.

Some of the basic meth ods used in accomplishin g classifica­tion of the ce ramic materials from Yunatsite are acceptedfrom the Vossen 's study, whic h are used in the contemporaryAmer ican archaeology (Vossen. 1970 :63-66). The structureand term inology prop osed by K. l.esht akov for the potteryfrom Early and Midd le Bro nze Age (Leshtakov 1988: I) isalso parti all y a pplied . Functiona l and formal criteria definethe elaboration of the d ist inct e lements of the scheme pre­sented (category, shape, type, sub-type, and variant).

According to functional criteria three groups of pottery canbe defined - fine tabl e, coarse kitchen . and deposit ories ­storage. Those groups characterize the who le prehistoric pot-

334

tery (Todorova 1982) - cp. chapter 6. Those three basic cat­egories have along with functional. a technological charac­terist ics as wel l. They can be related to the technolog ica lgroups defined. as the distinct techno log ical groups can beconnected with one or more functions.

A determination of the category is the next niveau in theclassification of the ceramic information. The fo rmal andthe technological criteria are generally important fo r the di­viding of the d istin ct ca tegories of vesse ls. For definition ofthe categories the contemporary terms to r the vessels withsimilar shape are used. as well as some names are acceptedfrom the Anci ent G reek language (askoi and amphora).

The basic shapes are defined based on the common structureofthe vessels (spherical. prolong spherical, conical. biconical.etc .). The stable correlation offormal criteria, espe cially pro­filin g of the vesse ls defi nes the distinct types. Th e subtypesare distingu ished on the base of the pecu liar ities of the sha p­ing ofthe distinct e lements - rims. handles and necks. Varientis rare ly used and marks existed detail s of sha ping of therims. handles. etc .

For definit ion of the di stinct e lements of the classificationelaborated the follow ing term s are used:

A . Ca tegory.I. Main formI. Type .I. Sub-type.a. Variant.

The classific ation of the pottery from Yunatsite is g iven inAnnex NO.2 and in Tables 16. 1-16,9.

The Annex No. 2 represents a considerable variety o f forms.type s and sub-types and it is not an easy task to defin e one ormore leading shapes and types. Here we will show some o fthe traditional. mostly distributed in the complex shapes andwill briefly mention the analogies of the more interesting,speci fic shapes.

Of the categories of the shallow bowls open conical formsare wide distributed. which are with straight walls and thick­ene d differentl y sha ped rim (A .II; Figure 16.1: 1,9-( 1 ), as

well as the co nica l plates with short vert ica l and inc linedupper part (A .l V, A.V; Figures 16. 1:3,4; 16.1: 1-4). As aru le. the first type vesse ls are richl y orname nted with graph­ite, while the other two deco rations are distributed rarely andpoorly. Th at ' popular shape ' has extremely numero us paral­lels, which originate from rather vast geographical area.

Special attention should be paid on some variants of formA.II (Figure 16.1: II ), whi ch hav e the ir c lose ana log iesamong the pottery at Kolaro vo ( 1995 : 133. lig. l3 : 453) . Theshallow bowls with co nica l shape and incurved rim (A.VI)and with sernispherica l shape, and thickened rim (A .III; Fig­ures 16. /: / ,1; 16.1: 6-8) of type ' Kum Tepe lb (French1961 : II I ; Maran 1998: 40 ) are relat ively often d istrib utedamong the pott ery from Yunatsite . Th ey have many pa ralle lsin the pott ery not only from the Aegean and from Northwest­ern An atol ia, but also in Thrace and Northern Bulgaria -

Late Chalkoli thic Ceramic Style at limotsite Tell

o S em...........

~. [7. 3

o S em-Figure 26. I. lunatsite tell Late Ch alkoluhic pottery.

-,\

:B 5

Nadezhda Todorova and I elichka MaISanOV(1

o 5 em

2o .5 em

Io S cm

o 5 em

......... .5

o S cm

';~ 10o 3 em

o, '­

"--_---:S emoFigure 26.2. YUlUlIJ;le tett. Late Chatkolithk: pottery:

336

Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at Yunotsite Tell

Karanovo (Schlor 1997: fig . 13 1: 4-6). Iskritsa - pit 4.Sadovets (Sirneonova 1968: fig. 3.5: fig. 5.5) and Okol Glava.

The stage of investigation of the Late Chalkolithic pottery inUpper Thrace as well as in the region of Turkish Thrace(lower stream of the Maritsa River and its tributa ries) doesnot allow straightforward expla natio n of that similarity andthe temptation to be searched in the synchro nous occurrencelooks hasty.

Besides the shaped mentioned above. it should be stressedon the distribution of ceramic complex of sha llow bowls withcarinated profil e and out-curved rim (A.VII) and of manyfragments ofbiconical sha llow bowls with thicke ned and dif­ferently shaped turning point (A.YIII, Figure 26,2 : 5). Abigger part has exac t parallels among the Late Chalkoli thicmaterials from the area of Krivodol-Salcuta (Petkov 1950:fig. 98: Nikolov 1984: Bcrciu 1961 : figs. 85: 6. I I: 101 : 9,10 etc.), but single fragments (A. VIII) arc registered amongmaterials from Bikovo (Detev 1954: fig. 45).

A considera ble va riety of forms and types characterizes thecategory of the bowls. The bowls with simple semisphericalshape are numerous (B.I : Figur es 26,2 : J2, /3; 26.3 : J, 2,./1. as well as those with short neck differently shaped (B.lLB.Ill; Figure 2 6.3: 3,5). T he spo uted bowl s a rc acharcateristic peculiarity (B.VI. Figure 26.3: 6, 7). Closeanalogies ofthat shape is known from Krivodol (Mikov 1948:fig. 3 Ib). Salcuta I (Berciu. D. 196I: fig. 85: 15), Karanovo(Schlor, L 1997: fig. 137:18). Peklyuk (Petkov 1964: fig. 17),Okol Glava (Petko, ' 1950 : figs . 98. 100. 103), KapitanDimitrievo (Petkov 1950: fig. 8: 151. 161). Sudicvo. Mudrets­Gudzhova Mogi la and Telish.

The bieonical bowls with thickened turning point and two\ crtical handl es attac hed at the upper part represent othertvp ical of Yunatsite shape (B.VII. Figures 26.-t: 5- 7, 26.5:- I. A graphite geometric ornament is often painted over theupper part of the vessel. sometimes in combination with deco­ration of red distempe r. Bowls with sph erical and conicallower part s are characteristic of the complex as well and theupper one shaped as truncated cone (B.V). as some of themconsist of rich graphite ornamentation (Figure 26.-t: 3) orin combination with red paint (Figure 26../: 2).

In the category of the cups bieon ical shapes with two verticaliandlcs at the upper pan dominate (D.IV. D.V). Accordi ngto the manner of shaping of the turning point and the rim.several types and subtypes of the basic shapes are distin­guished (see Ann ex No. 2). As a rule , the upper part of thevessels is decorated with relatively simple graphite orna ment(Figure 26.5: 1-6). sometimes in combinat ion with distem­per painted ornament located arou nd the handles. In somecases the rim and the cross-sec tion of the cups is oval. Atmost of the vessels are turning points arc sha rp. stressed andon the whole they strongly resemble the cups with ident icalprofile but without handles. which arc characteristic of thepottery from Late Chalkoli thie in eastern part s of UpperThraee and in Northeastern Bulgaria (Stefa nova 199 1: fig.l3 e. d: Schrol 1997: fig. 132: 13-15. 21: Popov 1916-1918:fig. 105b: 124a. 125a. b: Georgie, ' and Angelo, ' 1957: fig.

33: 2: 45: 2.3: Todorova 1978: fig. 48a : Todorova et al . 1983:fig. 87: I. 2. 5. 9. 15). Close analogies of the shape fromYunatsite is known from the Chalkolithic layers at Bikovotell (Detev 1954: fig. 74: Georgicv 1961: fig. 33: 2). KapitanDimitrievo-Banyata Mogila (Detev 1950: fig. 8: 15k) andDolnoslav (Raduncheva 1991: 11 0). Precise parallels of theshapes and motifs originate from Sitagroi (Evans 1986: fig.12.2: 7: 12.5 : 2: see also the discussion in chapter 16 in thisbook).

The cups with two handles are oneortile most characteristicshapes in thc Late Chalkolithic pottery- in the regions ofWestern Bulgaria. the area of Kr ivodol-Salcuta. In contrastto known from Yuna tsite and other sites in Upper Thracc .the two-handled cups from the region mentioned are the pro­files are smoot h. rounded . the walls +are un flatted at the me­dium point and there are instances of maximum widenedpart located in the lower part of the body. as well as withalmost round bottom (Mikov 1948: fig. 30b.e.n.o: Petko"19M; personal observation of cups from Telish) .

Of special interest is a sma ll fragmented cup from the firstbuilding level on the tell (Figure 26.7: 6: Cat. No. 41). Thevessel has spherical and coni cal shape and small Oat bottom .The outer surface is covered withvery fine redslip. burnishedtoglance. The inner surface is treated relativelycareless. withsome traces of partially smoothi ng. The biscuit of the vesselhas homogenous light brown color. and good burni ng. Thecharacter of the slip. the shape of the vesse l. as well as somepeculiarities in the techno logy has no analogies among thepottery' at Yunatsite and the complexes in Thraee. It can beassumed thai the cup is an import. One relatively exact par­allel orig inates from the ' middle' level at Pevka kia Magula(Wcisshaar 1989: fig. 42: (3 ) .

Only one whole vessel (Figure 26. 7: 5) represents the cat­egory' of the jugs . The shape is identica l to materi als fromTelish 3 (personal observation). Probably the vessels fromthat category' were numerous but it is difficult to defin e thei rreal number by the shreds preserved onlv,

The vessels of pot category show conside rable varie ty of thatshape. Basic shape and most typical is that of pots with spheri ­cal and biconicaL gen tly profiled body. medium high andclearly distingu ished cylindrica l or conica l neck and twohorizonta l handles at the upper part (E.lL E.lV). In most ofthe cases front parts of the vessels arc ornamented with hori­zontal rows of nail incisio ns (Figure 26.6: 5- 7). Most pre­cise analogies originate from Late Chalkolithic complexeson the territory of Northwestern and central Northe rn Bul­garia - Sadovets (Simconova 1968: fig. 12: 19). Dcvctakicave (Mikov and Dzhambazov 1960: 65 : fig. 47). ZaminetsA-C (Nikolov 1975: figs. 23. 35. 4 1. 75. 88. 98). Krivodol 3(Nikolov 1984: 57. 60). Telish , as well as in eastern Serbialike from Bubanj (Tasic 1995 : plate 2). etc.

Other one characteristic shape at Yunatsite is the bicouicalpots with thickened and gently shaped turning point (E. Vll .2).Normally, the upper pan of the vessel is decorated with graph­ite orna ment. but over the turn ing point there arc rows ofshell incised (Figure 26../: /) . In contrast to the shape s rep-

337

Nadezhda Todorova and I elichka Mutsanova

resented above, a considerable partofthe analogies has 'east­em' origin. Close paralle ls are documented among the mate­rial from Karanovo (Schlor 1997: figs. 132: /7. 18; 137:4,5.7­9), G ulubo vo (Stefano va 199 1: figs. 13d, 15a). Rus se(Georg iev and Angel ov 1957: figs. 33: I. 42: 4), Hotnitsa(Todorova 1978: fig. 35). Devetaki cave (Stoyanov 1992b:15) etc .

Ofspecial interest are some fragments ofclosed shapes, prob­ab ly pots thickened outside and different ly shaped rim (Fig­ure 26./0: 1-5). The vessels with profiles shaped in this wayare not typical of the ce ramic complex from Yunatsite andfor the time being. there are single instances doc umented.One of the sherds originates from a house and contrasts tothe rest of the pottery in the closed complex. Along with theunusual for Late Chalko lithic shape in Thrace, the fragmen tshows peculiarities regarding its techno logical characteris­tics as wel l. The sherd has an intensive black slip, the sur­face is burnished to glance and its decoration is not typical ofThrace. (Figure 26. /0: 5). The on ly re latively exact paralleloriginates from Late Chalko lithic site of Kolarovo (Perniche­va, L. 1995: fig. 13: 48 3). The rest few fragments (Figure26.10: 1-4) do not differ tech nologically from the commonmateria l at the site, and some are decorated with graphite.The only pe culiari t ies the turned o uts ide. th ickened androunded rim. Those ' untypical' shapes have only analogiesamong the publi shed pottery from the Chalkolithic layers ofKaleto tell near the village of Rupkite .

The am phorae-like vesse ls from Yunat site (F. I-IV) showrather big quantity of variants in the manner of structuringof the body and position of the handles. The shape is typicalof the complex, as many intact vessels are registered. as wellas sherds. Some of the vesse ls are decorated in their upperpart with graphite painted geometric ornament (Figure 26.6:3,4) and incised ornament (Figure 26.6: I), but there areundecorated ones (Figure 26.6: 2). One of the shapes of theamphorae-like vesse ls (F.IL2. Figure 26.6: I) has many andprec ise paralle ls among the materia ls in Upper Thrace ­Bikovo (Detev 1954: fig. 480 . Kara novo (Schrol 1997: fig.137: 1-3), Stara Zagora - Minira lni Bani (Fol et al. 1982:124, 141c). Another regio n with identical Late Chalkolithicfinds is Western Bulgar ia - Peklyuk (Petkov 1964 : fig. 7a),Krivodol (M ikov 1948: fig. 3 1d), Telish, etc.

Of interest are two vesse ls (G.I. G. II) with high narrow cy­lindrical necks and flatted spherical body. One of the vessel shas a small vert ical hand le attach ed at the midd le point ofthe body and is decorated with complicated graphite orna­ment (F igure 26. 7: 2). Precise ana log ies of that shape aremissing. The second vesse l has two big venical hand les atthe upper pan. Very rich graphite painted decoration charac­terize that vessel in combination with red distemper paint(see Leshtakov, Figure 26.23: 5 in this book) . The closestpara llels of the shape and the sty le of decorat ion of that ves­sel or iginate from Late Chalko lithic leve ls at Sitagro i (Evans1986: figs.12.5: I, 12.9: 3). In both cases the vesse ls are asym­metrical. with ova l in plan orifice and slightly flatted body.They have identical profil ing and shape of the hand les andrepresent not only the most precise, but in fact the only analo­gies of the ' amphora ' from Yunatsite (more detail compari-

338

son between the pottery from Yunatsite and Sitagroi see inchapter 16).

There are no numerous asko i among the intact vesse ls andfragment pottery at Yunatsite (Figure 26. 7: 7).

Of special interest is one unique shape. without analog iesamong the publ ished Late Chalko lithic materi als in the Ba l­kans (Figure 26,8). The orifice is ob liquely cut and rounded.and the handle is attached at the rim. The whole surface isdecorated with complicated composit ion painted with graph­ite. The askos does not differ technolo gically from the otherpottery at the site. Characterist ic is the extremely well per­formed and the compact . burnished to shining slip. The rather'untraditional' shape indicates more pecu liar function of thevessel.

The category of the lids includes few basic shapes only (K.I­IV). The number of the vessels and sherds is not cons ider­able. One ofthe relatively often d istributed shapes in the com ­plex are the so-called pot-stands (F igure 26. 7: 9, 8). whichhave close analogies at Krivodol (Mikov 1948 : fig. 39d), OkolG lava (Petkov 1950: fig. 105c) and Telish.

Some shapes of depo sitorie s (pitho i) are reconstruct ed on ly,so the distinguishing of certain types is prob lemat ic. On thewhole, the storage vesse ls with pro long spherica l or spheri­ca l shape characteri ze the complex, with differently shaped.wide or narrowed upper pan (neck) - J.I, J.1I 1, J.IV. As arule. the surface of the vesse ls is consc iously roughed. withexce ption of the upper pans, which are slipped and care fullytreated. In most cases the barbotine is organized, as with fin­gers groups ofven ical, horizonta l and ob lique lines are shaped(Figure 26.9: I, 3-5), in combination with plastic bands. fin­ger impressions and d ifferen tly shaped knobs. The de fini­tion of the analog ies of the depositories from Yunatsite to abig extend is diffi cult because of the limited number of pub­lished and known shapes of that type . Generally speaking.the vessels have prolonged spherical shape. low narrow co ni­cal neck and two (or four) vertical handles attached at themidd le body point (Figure 26.9: 2 ). They have analog iesamong materials in the area of Northwe ste rn Bulgaria ­Krivodol (M ikov 1948: fig. 3 11') and Telish (persona l obser­vation). In some cases big, but more precise ly made vesse lsrepresent the same shape. with slip and burn ished surfaceand rich graphite deco ration. There are on ly few sherds knownfrom Yunatsite (F igure 26.23: 6), which have good parallelsat Sadovets, as comple te analogie s characterize the ornamen­tal system as well (Simeonova 1968: fig. 6: 10; Todorova 1992:fig. 6; 1986: fig. IS).

Discussion and conclu sions

The analysis of the pottery from Yunatsite performed aboveclarify in more details the ceramic complex has close corre­lations with Telish-Redutite 3. The potte ry from Tel ish hascertain stratigraphic context and originates from closed com ­plexes . Most of the shapes d ist inguished are represented atthe ceramic complex at Tel ish. The similarity between bothsites includes not only the formal -typo logical c loseness ofthe materia l. but also Telish II-III and Yunatsite have nu-

Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style ar limarsife Tell

5 cm~_~o

G"-----_~5 C1I1o

o 5 c1I1

Figure 26.3. lunal.'i;te tell Late Ch olko lith ic pottery.

339

Nadezhda Todorova and Velichka Matsanova

'-__-"S cmo

{~I

Scm"-----'o

~'I'

-~/

6

/

<L-2 cm

o 3 em

3

5

o 5 em

•

o Scm

Figure 26.4. Yunat~'ite tell. Late Chalko/ithic pottery.

340

l.ate Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at runatsite Tell

rnerous correlations regard ing the techniqu e of decoration.Of interest is the existence of similar, often identical orna­mental motifs and schemes. At the same time, there are dif­ferences, which will be discussed elsewhe re. They concernthe technological characteristic s ofthe vesse ls. the paste used.the mixtures and the manner of burning. The analysis of thematerial indicates they were different at the distinct sites, onthe one hand . On the othe r hand . there are some differe nces\I ith respect to formal pecu liarities. Not all known from Telishshapes and types have direct corre lations with Yunatsite, aswell as by some categories there are considerable diffe rences.Those conclusion s are based on the considerable part of thewhole vessels and mass material from Tel ish II-III (unpub­lished).

There are numerous and precise parallel s of the vessels atYunatsite with materia ls fro m Sitag ro i Hlb, Sa lcura I-III,Kola rovo I-II, Sadove ts. Kapitan Dimitrievo-Banyata MogiJa,Bikovo, Krivod ol, etc. Important are the ana logies, whichorig inate from sites located in the eastern parts of UpperThrace . There are exact ana log ies of the material fromYunats ite at the last Chalkolithic levels at Karanovo, Sud ievo,Gulubovo - Asara, Mudrets - Gudzhova Mogila, etc.' Of in­terest is the fact that the pottery from Yunatsite has goodanalogies among the mater ials in the western Balkan regions- Kr ivodo l-Salcuta comp lex , as we ll as among the LateChalkolithic sites from eastern Upper Th race. Accord ingly,the prob lems of the ex istence of the so-called ' contact' or' transit ion' zone occur of primary importa nce, as the mix-

ture of distinct elements and existence of cultural elements.characteristic of different geographical regions. In connec­tion with that problem is the question of the manner andways of realization of the contacts between the distinct re­gions (Renfrew 1979). Unfortunate ly, there are no numeroussites to be used for comparison of distinct complexes andhorizons with the methods of the ' chain dating ' in UpperThrace, whic h could allow elaboration of stable. based oncertain facts relative chronology of the Late Chalkolith ic pe­riod there . Recently. L. Niko lova has e labo rated a com pend i­ous investigation in this direction where the questions of therelat ive and the absolute chronology have been analyzed indetails, and a number ofconclusions concerning the synchro­nization of the distinct occurrences have been argued (N i­kolova 1999: 7 1-89).

The key geographic position of the Yunatsite tell is one ofthe reasons the material from that site and especially the pot­tery to take a conside rable place in the future e labora tion ofprecise periodization and chrono logy o f the Late Chalkolithicin the Upper Thracian valley and Western Bulgar ia. The fac tthat a considerab le part ofthe vessels analyzed originate fromclosed complexes and have certa in strat igraphic position. aswel l as the precise st rat igra phic ob se rva tio n a llo w te llYunatsite to be defined as a guide site for periodizat ion andchro nology ofthe Chalko lithic and Bronze Age cultures docu­mented there.

Ann ex I

Technology

Contents of th e past e

Fine paste

he mix tures used consist of fine organic substances and of quartz.f lowor VCI) lowconcentrat ion . Small quartz rock of very low con­cntratic n was sometimes used. as well as rarely mica orvery 10\,..' orow concentration. The clay was mostly used for shallow bowls of

t: pc 11.2. two handled cups of type V. 1.2 and very rarely that fined ay was used for production of bowls and some of the miniaturevessels.

Semi fine paste

l'hc main mixtures used were fi ne quartz sand or small and highconcentration. small quartz rock with different concentration for thedifferent vessels (from very low to high) and semi-big quartz rockofvery 10 \,,' concentration. Fine organic mixtures were often used oflow to high concentration. A small quantity of semi-line organic

IWe are grateful to Dr. K. Lcshtakov, V. Gergov, 1. K uncheva­Roussevaand G. Shejlcvawho allowed us to work \vith unpublishedceramic materials from Mudrets-Goudzhova Mogila. Teli sh- Redutite.Sudicvo and lskrlsta, which gave a possibility for more detailedspatial determination of tile newly excavated Late Chalkolithic pot­le f) from Yunatsite.

matters of very 10\..' concentration was rarely added. That d ay char­acterizes mainly the vessels of category of shallow bowls and deepbows (different types). two hand led cups oftype V.2-3. l·onsidcrabl)rarely the pots and other categories (pot-stands. miniature vessels ).

Semi-coarse paste

The mixtures used were small quartz ruck of high and Im\ concen­tration, semi-big rock of Ion. medium or high concentration. Thereis often organic mixtureof fine and not \ cry line inclusions. Mica of10\ '" concentration wasrarely added. The main mixture USI.: d is quartzstone - small and semi-big of high and very high concentration fixthe distinct vessels. Very line and line organic matters were veryoften added. Mica of very low concentration was \ cry rarely distrih­uted.

Of all categories vessels most distri buted arc those with semi-coarseclay(c. 50%). The clay is used for producing orvcsscls mainly of thecategoriesof bowls, storage vessels. amphorae-like vesselsand rarershallow bowls.

Coarse paste

The main admixtures are quartz rock in mediumsize and rarely smallof high or very high concentration. big rock of high and mediumconcentration. medium fine sand of high concentration. There \\"CI"I,.'

semi-fine and coarse organic matters ofrncdiumand high conccntra-

34 1

Nadezhda Todorova and ' 'elichka Matsanova

-.--

r-~6

S0 Scm

~2

Q)1

7

-e -5 cm

"---~o

o Scm

Figure 265 )unatsite tell Late Cholko lith ic pottery.

tion as well, In some cases -shamot' was added. The coarse clay wasused mainly for producing of depositories. some types of bowls, lidsand single miniature vessels.

Slipped and wash surfa cc

vessels .

Colored slip . There is only one instance of that manne r. a Clip oftype D.VI. The outer surface is cove red with thin bright rcd slip.burnished up to shine.

Slipped surfaces-tr slip

The analysis of the ceramic material from the first and seco ndChalkolithic building levels at Yunatsitc reveals the following typesof slip: fine slip; sem i-tine slip. compact slip. colored slip. self-slipand thin slip - wash.

Fine slip . Thin layer of line clay covers the surface of the vessels.The slip is approximately 0.2-0.3 mm thick and it sometimes evenlydiffers at the biscuit. As a rule. the slip is burnished homogeneou slyor in strips, rarer there is evenly smoothing of the surface. The fineslip is docume nted almost by all categories of vessels.

Semi-fi ne slip. It is mostly sitributed. The think ness of the slip is0.5 mm. Most of the semi-tine slip is evenly burnished. rarely thereis burnishi ng in strips and evenly burni shed surface.

Comp act slip . It is thicker. up to 1 mm . It is clearly visible in thebiscuit of the vessels. The slip is almost always evenly burnished, insome cases there it is burnished to shine. Smoothing and burnishingin strips is very rarely distributed. mainly over the inner walls of the

Thcre is a thin layer. which occurred bv burn ishing of unslippcdvessels. It is somenmes verv ditlicult to' dist inguish tine slip fromself-slip. The vessels with self..slip usually have burnished surface.often in strips. Some types of bowls and distinct closed shapes haveevenly smoothed inner surface. There are no instances of bur nishingto shine.

\ Vash

The wash is very thin layer of tine clay. It occurred by thc burnishingor smoothing of the vessels. which were only ' dipped' into or ' wash'with vcrv diluted tine clay. It is rarely distributed and it is difficult 10

distinguish the wash from self-slip. In most cases the wash coversonly some parts of the vessels - necks of the pots. upper part s ofsome types of pithoi (E .II.2.2. E.IY. 1.2. J.III.1.I). The wash can beevenly burnished or in strips. as well as homogeneously smoothed.

Unshpped surface

It is not small the amount of the pottery without additional slip, self-

3H

Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at limalsite Tell

slip or wash. Those are the vessels of differen t categories of semi­coarse, and coarse clay. The outer surface of those vessels is oftencon sciously made roug hed through dra gging or barbotine. unevenlysmooth or through smoothing. As a rule. the inner wa lls have tracesof evenly smoothing. It should be stressed the absence of unslippedvessels from the category of the cups.

The following definitions have been used fo r descr iption s of themanners of treatment of the surface: Unsmcothed surface; irregularlysmoo thed surface ; even ly smoothed sur face; burni shed in stripssurface; even ly burnished (witho ut shine) surface; shine burn ishedsurface; roughed surface.

Unsmoothcd surface

The walls have no traces of additional treatment. In most cases theouter surface of the vessel is smoothed only. As the irregular smooth­ing. unsmoothed surfa ce can be related to the unshpped pottery madeof semi-coarse and coarse clay. The vessels wit h unsmoothed sur­face are not distributed in most categories of vessels . Several ma n­ners we re d istin gui shed.

Irrt'~ularl~' smoo thed sur face

That mann er is relatively rarely distributed . There are clear traces ofca reless smoothing over the outer and inner su rface of the vessels.The suing of instru ment is often doc umented . mos t probably puttyknife of wood or bone. hard ' broom' etc. The irregular smoothing isalways con nected with unslippcd surface and is not documented bythe categories of bowls and amph orae -like vessels.

Eve nly smoo thed surface

Along wit h the even ly burnishing it is the widest mann er of surfacetreatment. It is registered by all categorie s of vessels. but weakest bythe bowls where the burnished surface dom inates. There is no clearconnec tion wi th the over-layering of the vessel walls. The evenlysmoothed surface characterizes the slip. as wel l as unslipped pot tery.The re are very often vessels and fragments with evenl y smoothed

inner surfa ce in combination wit h burni shed outer surface . The lastis especi ally characteristic of c ups. pots. amphorae-like vessels andsome types of bowls.

Burnished in s tr ips surface

The burnishing is irregular. There arc distinct groups of strips. whichmark the d irect ion and manner of burnish ing. In almost all casesregistered the strips are horizontal. Most probably a bone or stonesmoother was used for the sur face treatment. A cons iderable part ofthe vessels before the burn ishin g we re slipped. as fine slip and self­slip was most distributed . rarer semi-fine slip. There arc no instancesregistered of combination of com pact s lip with strips burn ished.

Evenly burnished SUI'f ;ICl'

The surfa ce is evenly bu rnished. luster less. In most cases the bu r­nished in this man ne r vessels have ti ne. semi-li ne or compact slip.rarely there is self-slip or was h. There is no interrela tion betweenthe color of the vessel and the existence of burni shing. as by the restways of sur face treatment. The evenly burn ishing is especially char­acteristic of the vessels of the categories of shallow bow Is where itis d istr ibuted among a ll basic fo rm s. It should be stressed in thecategories of pots. a mphorae-like vessels. pithoi and some types ofbowls the burnishing is doc umented over the outer sur face only.

Shi ne bu rnish ed surface

Thc surface is evenly burn ished. polished and has strong shine. Thevessel surfaces with shine burnished arc cove red with com pact slip.In 0 11 of the cases there is bright red coloring (D .VI). The other ves­sels have evenly compact black color. as the burnishing is registeredoyer the outer surface only.

Rou ghed surface

The vessels and the fragments with consciously roughed surface arenum erous. The widest tech nique distributed is barbotine. in rare casesthere are chaotic dragging . Th at manner. alon g with the last two

Annex 2

Classification of the pottery from Yunatsite

A. A CATEGORY OF SHALLOW BOWLS

A.I. Deep shallow bowls with cortical shape.A.l. I . Straight-sided .A.I. I . l . Strai ght- sided , straight o rifice.A.I. 1.l.a . The rim is rounded.A.I. I. 1.b. The rim is evenly cut.A.I.1.2 . Straight walls . the orifice is slightly out cur ved .A LI .3. Straight walls. the orifice is w ith slightly thickened mnerwall and rounded rim.A.I.2 . Walls in lowly con structed at the orifi ce.

A ll . Flaring con ical shallow bowls with straight-sided.A.1I.1. Unthic kencd orifice.AlI .I .I . Round rim .A.Il .l .2 . Straight rim.A II.2. Thickened inturn ed rim .AII.2.1. Ro unded rim.A II.2 .1.a. A ledge attached at the round ed part of the rim.AII.2.l.h. Rounded rim with a groove lit the middle point.

AII .2.2 . Evenly cut on the top of the orifice rim.AIl .2.3 . The rim is obliquely cut 0 11 the inner side or the orifice.A Il.3. The inturned rim. highly thicken ed and twisted on the innerside of the orifice .A.lIA. The rim is slightly thickened a ll the inner side.AnA .!. The rim is rounded.A.ll.4.2 . The rim is worn thin.A.Ill . Open shallow bowls with semi-globular or conical shape andlowly squat wa lls.AlII.1. Uuthickcncd orifice.AIlI.I.!. The rim is worn thin lind rounded.A lIl. I .2 . Eq ually cut rim .A.1JI.2. The rim is thickened and rounded .A.1II.3. Lowly inclined ori fice with lowl y incurvcd thickened rim.A IJl.4 . The orilice is lowly ou tcurved. rim is slightly thickenedand rou nded.A IV Shallovv bowls with conical body and sho rt and straightupper partA.lV I_The oritice is straightly cut on the inner side and squat onthe outer sidc. - without "of the walls"A IV l . l. The carination is gently shaped on the inner side.

3·B

Nadezhda Todorova and Velichka Matsanova

2

.j

-e -

':......._.....:5 emo

,.'

-.-

.-

Figure 16.6. YUIllIIi'ite tell. Late Chulkolithic pOIlI!I)'.

344

[ ale Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at Yunalsite Tell

3

o 5 cII1

5

() S cm

1() S cm

2

]

o 5cII1

o 5cm

tL....:,'i CII1 8

'-__--:;5 CIl1()

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Figure 26.7.Hmat.~ite tell Late Chalkoluhic porter)'.

345

Nadezhda Todorova and Velichka Matsanova

A IY.1.2. Incl ined orifice with a sharp car ination.A.lV,2. Strai ght orifice the rim worn thin on the inner side.A.lv'3. Stra ight orifice with sharp carination at the bot h sidesA.l V.3.1. Rounded rim.A. IV.3.2. The rim is worn thin and rounded .A V. Sha llow bowl s with conical body. straight walls and shortincli ned up per part.A.Y.I. The upper part is WI")' short.A.Y.I. I.Thickened and rounded rim.A.Y.1.2. Thickened rim with straight inner wall.AY.2. Short upper part. Highly incurv ed and thic kened rim.AV.3. Short upper pan . lI igh ly incurved rim. worn thin.A. VA. Short upper part . Highly incurved rim. withou t thickening.A VA. I. Ro unded rim.A VA.2 . The rim is even ly cut.A.Y.4.3. The rim is \vorn thin.A VI. Conica l shallow bowls wit h straight walls and incurvedorifice .A. VI. I. Lowly incurvcd rim.A. VI. 1.2. Evenl y cut rim.A.V I.l. The rim is highly incurvcd .AV II. Sha llow bowls with sharp carination and out curved rim.A.VI I. I The uppe r part is straight the rim is slightly curved.A VII. 1.1. The rim is rounde d.A VII.I .l. The rim is worn th in.AVII.1.3 . The rim is highly thicke ned on the top and rounded .AVIL2. Carinated bow ls with outcurved orifice.A. VII.2. 1. The carination is gent ly shaped inside.A.VII.2.2. The carinat ion is sharp ly shaped insideA.VII.2.3. Highly everted prolong rim. gent ly shaped carination.A.V I1.2.4. The rim is thickened and obliquely cut on the innerside..A. VIII . Biconi ca l shallow bowls with th ickened and different lyshaped ca rinat ion .A.V IIL I. The ca rination is sharp ly shaped inside.A.V III. I . I. Rou nd rim.A.VIII.1.2. The rim is worn thin .AV 1I 1.2. The carination is rounded outs ide the wall.A.V II1.2. 1. The rim is rounded.AV II1.2.2. The rim is eq ually cut.AVII1.2.3. The rim is slightly profiled outside and rou nded.A.VIII.3. The cari nat ion is thickened.A.V III.3. 1. The upper part is very short.A.V III.3. l.a. There is small hori zontal handle attached at theca rination.A. VIII.3. l. b. Without hand le.A.VIII.3.2. The upper pan is higher. slight ly inclined in.

B. A CATEGORY O F DEEP BOWLS.

RI. I. Open semi-sphero id deep bow ls.B. I. I . I . The rim is rounded .B.1. I.2. The rim is equ ally cut.8. 1.1.3. The rim is worn thin.8.1.2. Sem i-sph eroid bowls with incurved upper partR I.2. !. Th e rim is rounded.13 .1.2.2. Th e rim is ob liquely cut.B.1.2.3. Th e rim is worn thin.8. 1.2.4. The rim is slightly thickened and equa lly cut.lU I. Necked semi-sphero id bowls.B.1I.1. The carination is gently shaped. The orifice is slightly outcurved.13.11,1. 1. The rim is rounded.13. 11. 1.2. The rim is worn thin inside and rou nded.R 11.2. Well-shape d short neck and inverted ori fice.RJ I.3. Well-shaped neck . Th e orifice is straight and thickenedinside.8.111. Bowls with flatted sphero id shape and short neck.

346

8. 111.1. The neck is very short. gently shaped.8.111.2. Short neck, divi ded fro m the body by a groove . Thickenedinside rim and rounded.B.l 11.2.1. Stra ight wa lls. without thickening.B.l I!.3 . Moderately high neck. divided from the body h) a groove .Thickened rim. rounded.B.IV. Biconical deep bowl s.B.lY. 1. Biconical dee p bow ls with straight wa lls.B.l Y.I. I. The carin atio n is gen tly shaped.I3.IY.I.2. The carinatio n is sharply shaped.B.JY.2. Bico nical deep bow ls with straight lower part and s l igh t l~

quad upper part . The orifice is weakly everted. withou t thicke ning.rou nded .B.lY.3. Biconi cal bowl s. with short upper part and thickene doutside carination.B.IV.3. I. The rim is roun ded.B.IY.3.2. The rim is thicken ed outside and inside .B.lv'3.3. The rim is worn thin and rou nded .8. IV.3A. The rim is flat cut.B.V. Deep bowls with sphero id and con ical lower pan and upperpan shaped as truncated cone.B.Y.1. Lower straight wall s. The ca rination is gent ly shaped.B.Y.2. The wa lls in the lower part arc slightly inverted. Thecari nat ion is stressed.B.VI. Deep spo uted bowls.B.VI.I . Semi-sphero id body.B.VI.I .I . The lowe r pans of the body walls arc squat.B.VI. 1.2. The lower parts of the bod y wall s are slightly inclin edB.VI.2. Flatted sphero id body with differently shaped upper part .B.VI.2.1. VCI")' short neck . The rim is slightlv everted and thickenedon the inner side.B.VI.2 .2. Medium high. clearly separated from the body neck.Rounded rim.B.VI.3 . Biconica l body with thickened ca rination.B.VII. Bicon ical deep bowls with two vertica l handle s attached atthe upper part of the body and thickened carination.B.V II. I. Biccnical bowls. The wa lls in the lowe r body part arcslightly squat. Weakly everted rim.B.VII .2. Biconical bov..-ls. The walls are squat in their lower part .The hand les are anac hed at the ca rinat ion. Sma ll conical pedestalbase.S. VB.3. Biconical bowl. Strai ght walls . The ca rination is stressed.th ickened and rounded.8.VII.3. I. Vertical strap-handles.S. VII.3.2. Vertica l handles with horn- like projec tion.S.VIL4. Biconical. shallow bowl s. Stra ight \\ ails. The carinat ion isth ickened and rounded.B.VIII. Biconical bowls with very wide l1 at botto m - " pixis" .B.V III. I. Spheroid " pixis"B.V III.2. The "pixis' shaped as truncated cone.

C. CATEGORY OF JUGS

C. I. Prol ong body. High cylindrical neck gently shaped. Rou nded.slightly profiled out -curved orific e. There is a handle under therim of the vessel.

D. CATEGORY OF CUPS

0 .1. Handless cup . Pro long S-profile. The widest part is thick ­ened. Thinned rim inside and outside .0 .11 . Handless cup. Almost biconica l body with short cylindrica lneck. Pedestal conical base .0 .11 1. One handled cups. Biconical shape and short wide nec k.0 .111.I. Straight orifice . The rim is rounded.D.III.2. Slightly eve rted and thinned rim.D.lY. Two-handled. biconical high cups.D.lV. 1. Without thickening at the carin ation po int. The handl es

Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Style at Yunatsite Tell

raise slightly higher above the orifice .DJ V 1.1. The rim is straight and rounded .D.IV 1.2. The rim is slightly ou t curved , rounded .D.IV2. Thickened ca rination.D.V Two-handled, biconical cups.D.V.I . Sharply shaped ca rinat ion without thickening and slightlyout curved rim.D.Vl . l . The rim of the orifice is equally cut.D.V.1.2. Th e rim is rou nded.D.VI .3. The rim is worn thin and round ed.D.V 2. Sharply shaped ca rination with thickened. and slightlyprofi led out curved rim .D.V2 .1. The rim is equally cut (with rhomb cross section) .D.V2.2. The rim is wo rn thin and rounded .D.V3. Sharpl y shaped ca rination and straight rim.D.V3.1. The rim is rounded.D.'1.3.2 . The rim is worn thin and rounded .D.'1.4. Gently shaped carination. The rim is rounded .D.'1.4.1. Ro und cross-secti on .D.V4.2. Oval c ross-section .D.VI . Handless biconical small cup s with sharp shaped earinati onD.VI.l. Hi gh.D.VI .2. ShortD.VII . Cups with spheroid and conica l shape. The rim is worn thinoutside, and equally cutImport (1).

E. CATE GORY OF THE POTS

E.1. Po ts with prolong spheroid body, withou t neck.E.1.1. The walls are squat.E.I.2. The wall s arc slightly untlatted.Efl. Necked with prolonged spheroid body.Ejl. I. Medium high conical neck.E.n.2. Medium high cylind rical nec k.Ejl.Ll . The upper part of the body is untlatted.E.n .2.2. The lower part of the body is slightly inclined toward thenat base .E.m . Pots with tlatted spheroid body.E.IlI. l . Pots with tlatted spheroid body and slightly out curved rim.E.m. 2. Pots with flatted spheroid body and short neck.E.lY. Pots with tlatted spheroid body and high conic al neckE.IV I . Pots with Ilattcd spheroid body. Two horizontal han dlesattached under the neck.E.IV I. 1. The rim is rou nded.E.lV I .2. The rim is worn thin and rounded .E.IV 2. Pots with tlatted spheroid body. The transition towards theneck is shaped with a deviation.Slightly out curved rim.E.V Pots with S-profilc.E.VI . Biconical pots with slightly shaped carination withoutthickening.E.VI.I . The walls are slightly untlatted . No neck . Small horizo nta lhand les under the orifice .E.VI .2. Straight walls. Short . gently shaped neckE.VI.3 . The wall s are slightly un tlatted . Short cylindrical neckshaped with a deviation.E.Vll . Biconical pots with thicke ned and gently shaped carination.E.Vll. l . The thickene d carination is gently shaped .E.Vn.2 . The thickened can nation is shaped with deviation .E.VII.2 .1. The rim is straight and equall y cut.E.VTI .2.2. The rim is slightly out-curved. worn thin and rounded .E.VIII. Biconical pots with sharply sha ped carination.E.VIII. I . The rim is straight and round ed.E.VIll.2. The rim is slightly out-curved and worn thin.E Category of amphorae- like vesse ls.F I. Prolong spheroid body with gently shaped cylindrical neck.ELI . Cross-sec tion close to square. Wide con ical neck. The

vertica l handles started from the middle point of the neck and archighly widened aside .E1.2. Narrow conical neck . The handle s are attached low underthe orifice.El 2.1. Oval cross-section of the nec k.E n . Flatted spheroid body with slightly shaped cylindrical nec k.En . 1. The hand les start just under the orifice.En.2. The handles starts from the middle point of the neck .Elll . Biconical amphorae-like vessels with gently shapedca rination.E lV Biconiea l ampho rae-like with sharply shaped carination.

G. 'VASE'

G.I. Flatted spheroid hody with high cylindrical neck. The middlebody part is thicke ned . Two vertical handle s started from themedium point of the neck. The ir lower ends arc attached at thewidest part of the body.G.B. Flatted spheroid body and high narrow cylindrical neck.Small vertica l hand le attached at the wide st body part.

II . CATEGORY O F ASKOI

HI. Oval body with irregularly shaped slightly flatted body. Theorifice is obliquely cut raising up. The rim is worn thin androunded. Oval cross-sect ion of the orifice . Handle attached 10 thewall of the upper body part.H.IL Unique shape.

J . CAT EGORY OF DEPOSITORIES (PITIIO I)

J.I. Prolonged rounded body. short vertical neck . No hand les.J.I.1 . The rim is equally cut.J.1.2. The rim is rounded.1.11. Prolonged . rounded body and high gently shaped neck.1.m. Prolonged . spheroid body and short narrow neck.Llll . L Stra ight wa lls at the lower part . C learly distingui shedcylind rical neck.1.III.I.I. The rim is obliquely cut. Two (or I) big handles arcattached 10 the upper body part .l .IIJ. I .2. The rim is rou nded . Two handles at the med ium part ofthe boor.J.1iI.2 . The wa ll of the lowe r body part are slightly unt1atted . Theturning point towards the neck is gently shaped. Two vertica l handlesattache d to the widest part of the body.J.lV Depositorie s with flatted sphero id body.J .Iv'1. Without neck .J .IV2. Gentl y shaped. sho rt and wide neck.J.V Bicon ieal deposito ries with thickened carina tion and twovertical handles.J.V I. Biconica l depositories with sharply shaped ca rination.l .V I. " The rim is rounded.l .V 1.2. The rim is worn thin on the inner side of the wall.1.V2. Biconical depositories with rounded thickened cari natio u.j ,V2 .1. The rim is obliquely cut and rounded.J.V2 .2. Th rim is rounded .J.VI. Ope n, deep depo sitories with conica l shape and slightlyinverted upper part.

K. CATEG ORY OF THE LIDS

K.I. Oven lid. Conical shape. I ligh hand le.K.II. Flat lids with weakly inverted profile. A big handle attachedto the upper wa ll.K.ill. High lid with semi-spheroid shape.K.rn. I . Equally cut base and ope ning at the middle part.K.II1.2 . Rounded base. eve rted and pouring rim.KJ V. Lids with conical shape.

Nadezhdo Todorova and I etichka Matsanova

K.IV.I . High con ical lid. Horizontal opening at the upper part.K.lV.2. Low conical lids.K.lV.2.1. The base is slightly inverted. gently shaped.K.lV.2.2. The base is refracted.K.lY.2.3. The lower part is carinated. so that the rim is slightlyeverted.

L. CAT EGO RY OF TIl E POT -STANDS

L.J. Pot-stands with unflatted middle body part and equally cuicylindrical bases.L.II Pot-Stands with inclined at the middle part walls.L.ILI. Short stands. The walls are slightly inclined. The bases arcrounded.L.11.2. High stands. The walls are slightly inclined. The bases arerounded.L.11.3. High stands. The walls are highly inclined. The bases arerounded.

M. MI NIATURE YESS ELS

M.1.I. Conical shape with short vertical upper part. The rim isworn thin.M.I.2. Biconical shallow bowls.M.1.2.1. The rim is straight and rounded. Four horizontal handles.M.I!. Deep bowls.M.lI.I. Bowls with semi-spheroid shape. The rim is rounded.M.I!. !. !. Flat base.M.lJ.1.2. Round bottom and four vertical hand les.M.II!. Pots.M.l II. I. Pots with prolonged. rounded body. No neck.MJ 11.2. Pots with prolonged rounded body. short conicalneck andeverted rim.M.IIL3. Pots with spheroid shape.M.m.3. !. Very short. gently shaped neck. Two horizontal handledunder the orifice.M.1I1.3.2. Short cylindrical neck clearly shaped. Two horizontalhandled under the orifice.M.1I1.3.3. Short. very narrow neck. The rim ofthe orifice is highljeverted. Unique shape.M.1Y. Model ofa cup with two handles.

M.!. Shallow bowls.

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348

Late Chalkolithic Ceramic Stvle .. at Junatsite Tell

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A nnex No. 3

Cata logue of th e intact vessels

I . A shallow Bowl. Light brown. uneven color inside and outside.The surface is slipped and burn ished in strips outside and inside.Semi coarse paste. Diameter orifice - 39 em: diameter bottom - 8em: height - 12 em. House 12. No. 20 47. Historical Museu mPazardzhik No. 4849. Figure 26. /: t .

2. A slrallow Bowl. Dark brown color outside and inside. Slippedsurface. burnished inside. sel f-s lip outside. burnished in strips. Thepaste is semi-line. Brown biscuit. Diameter orifice - 44 em: diam­eter bottom - 9.8 em: height - 14 em. House 4. No. 2046. Figure26. /:2.

3.A shallow Bowl. Black color outside and inside. single light brownspots. Slipped and burn ished surface. The paste is semi-line. Di­ameter orifice - 42 ern: height preserved - 12 ern. House 3. Figure26. / :3.

4. A shallow Bowl. Light brown colo r with a black spot outside andhomogenous inside. Slipped surface and burn ished in strips inside

350

and outside. Semi-fine to tine paste. Diameter orifice - 3 1 em: d iam­eter bottom - 8 em; height - 13 em. House 5. No. 1923. HistoricalMuseum Pazardzhik No. 4750. Figure 26. / : 4.

5. A shallow Bowl.. Dark brown to black co lor outside and inside.Self slip surface burnished in strips. The paste is semi-coarse. Diam­eter orifice - 16 em; diameter bottom - 5.2 em: height - 7.1 ( Ill .

House 4. No. 1753. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. -I::! 96. Fig­ure 16.1: I.

6. A shallow Bowl.. Brown. irregular outside. with black and lightbrown spots: brown homogenous inside. Very line slip (wash} sur­face. burnished in strips outside. unslipped smoothed inside. Coarsepaste. Bottom - medium sized and big. stone. big organ ic matters.Diameter orifice - 33 em: diameter bottom - S.5 em: maximum di­ameter - 35; height - II em. Ilouse 5. No. 1921. Historical MuseumPazardzhik No. 4762. Figure 26.2: 2.

7. A shaffow Bowl. Gray and black color \\ ith single brown SpOh

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Nadezltda Todorova and Velichka Matsan ovo

outside. black inside . S lipped sur face. burn ished in strips outside.evenl y burn ished inside. The paste is semi coarse. Bottom - sand.organic matter. Diameter orifice - 15 em; diam eter bottom - 4 .5 em;maximum diameter - 15.7: height - 5.3 cm . Bouse I. No. 1816.Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 4787. Figu re 26.2: 3 .

8. A shallow Bowl. Light brown . irregular inside and outside. Slipsurface, burn ished inside and out side. The paste is semi-ti ne. Blackbiscuit with two dark brown strips. Bottom - at the lower part o f thevessel, by the bottom , there is additionally attached band of paste.Diameter orifice - 30 COl: diameter bottom - 10 em; maximum di­ameter - 32; height - I I em . House 5. No. 2 106. Historical MuseumPaza rdzhik ( 1996) . Figure 26. 2: 4.

9. A Jeep bowl. Dark brown to black color. black inside. Smoothedsurface in the upper part inside and outside. without slip; the lowerpart is con sciou sly roughed. Paste is semi-coa rse. Botto m - sa nd.Diam eter orifice - 16.4 ern; diameter bottom - 9 em; height - 10.4em . House 4. No . 1760 . Historical M useum Pazardzhik No. 4430.figu re 26.3 : I .

10. A deep howl . Brown. irregul ar co lor. with darker and ligh terspots outside and dark brown to black outside. Smoothed surfaceoutside and inside, withou t slip. The paste is semi-coarse. Bottom _sand and fine organic matt er. Diameter orifice - 14 em: diameterbottom - 8.4 em: maximum diameter - 16.5 em: height - 9 .7 cm.House 12. No. J965 . Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 4793. fig­ure 26.3: 2.

II . A deep howl. Beige and brown irregu lar co lor. with black spots.The surface is without slip. in the upper part burni shed outside andinside . Paste is coarse - semi-coa rse. B lack hom ogen ou s biscuit.Bottom <sand and fine organic matter. Diameter orifi ce - 20 ern ;diameter bottom - 9 .5 em; maximum diame ter - 23 em: height ­11.2 em , House 12. No. J963. Historical Mu seum Pazardzhik No.4792. Figure 26..3 : 3 .

12. A deep bowl. Gray and brown . irregular color. dark brown withblack spots outs ide and inside. The surface is without slip. roughlysmoothed (perhaps with a hard broom ). Paste is coarse . Bottom ­with sand and clear traces of fine cloths. Diamete r orifice - 16 em:diamete r bottom - II em ; maximum diameter - 20.5 ern; height ­14 em . Hou se I. No. 1394 . Historical M useum Pazard zhik No. 3890.Figure 26.3: +.

13. A deep bowl. Gray and black irregular co lor, reddish spots out­side and inside. The surface is without slip, burnished out side un­der the rim, the lowe r part of the body is with barbotine organized inoblique vertical bands. Pas te is medium coarse. Diameter orifice _18 ern; diame ter bottom - 13 ern; heig ht ~ 16 cm. Hou se 1. No.1390. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 3887. Figure 26.3: 5.

14. A deep spouted bow l. Bro\\TI irregular co lor. single darker andlighter spots outside and inside . Slipped surface. smoothed out sideand inside in the upper part, but the lower part towards the bottomis coarse, unsmoothed. Paste is sem i-coa rse. Bottom - sand. Diam­eter oritice - 14 em. diameter bottom - II em: maximum diameter ­18.5 em; height - 13.3 em . House 3. No. 19 12. Historical M useu mPazardzhik No. 4733. Figure 26..3: 6..

15. A deep spouted how l. Light brown. reddish outside and inside.T he surface is without slip. roughly smoo thed inside and outside .Pa ste is coarse . Bottom - very coarse , a con siderab le amount ofstone up to 6-7 mm big. A addition band attached to the lower partof the vessel. perhaps for sta bling of the bottom (1). Diameter ori­fice - 2 1 em: diameter bono," - 14.5 em: maximum diameter - 32em ; hei ght - 19 ern . House 3 . No . 204R. Histo rical Mu seumPazardzhik No. 485 1. Figure 26.3: 7.

352

16 . A pol . Black color outs ide a nd inside . Fine slipped surface.smoothed in the upper part outside and inside . the lowe r part out ­side is withou t slip. smoothed and sandy. Finc paste. Diameter ori­fice - 9.5 em; diameter bottom - 4 .8 em: maximum diameter - 16.5em; height - 12 em . House 12. Depth - 5.20 m. No. 2030. Histori­cal Mu seum Pazardzhik No. 4833 . Figure 26 .J: 1.

17. A deep howl. Gra y a nd brown. irregular co lor. reddish burntspots. Slipped su rface . burn ished outsid e. smoothed inside . Finepaste. Evenly brown biscu it. Diamete r orifice - 14.5-15 C!) em; di­ame ter bottom - 7 em ; maximum diameter - 20 .6 em: height pre­served - IS ern. House 12. No. 2048. Historical Museum PazardzhikNo. 4851. Figure 26. 4: 2.

18. A deep bow l . Brown color. irregular out side. erav and brow ninside. Slipped surface outside, in strips inside. Paste is semi-ti ne.Black biscuit with brown strips. Diamete r orifice ~ 21.4 em; diam­eter bottom - 10 em ; maximum diam eter - 33 em ; height recon-structed - 25 em . Hou sc 1. Figure 26..J: 3. ~

19. A deep how l. Brown color outside and inside. Fine slip surface.burnished in its upper part . the lower part is smoothed. sandv. Pasteis semi-fine . Dark brown biscuit with two brown strips. H~lIse I .Diameter oritice - 28 ern: maximum diameter - 48 em; height pre­served - 23 cm. House I. Fig ure 26. .J: +.

20 . A deep bowl. Gray and black to black outside and inside. Slippedsurface in the upper part and burnished. The lowe r part is withou tslip, smoothed. sandy. Paste is semi coarse. Diam eter orifice - 28em: diameter bottom - 10 em ; maximum diameter - 31 em: height- 21 em . Hou se I. No. 1497. Historical Museum Pazardz hik No4023 . Figure 26. .J: 5.

2 1. A deep bowl. Brick red outside. secon dary burnt brow n inside.The sur face is with slip. even ly bu rnished o l;tsidc. in strips inside.Paste is semi -fi ne, sandy. B rick red biscuit. Diameter o rifice - 20em ; diameter bottom - 7.4 em: maximu m diameter - 24 em: height- 17.3 em. Hou se 2. Figure 26..J: 6.

22. A deep bowl. Very dark irregular color. spots outside and inside.Slipped surface, burnished. in fields with red ochre - unsmoothed.covered with fine slip or self-slip. smoothed inside. Semi-fine paste.Res tored . Bo ttom - coa rse o rganic matt er. Diameter ori fice - 25em; diameter bottom - 9 ern; maximum diameter - 30 ern; height ­18 em. Ho use 1. No. 1393. Historical Mu seum Pazardzhik No. 3888 .Figure 26..J: 7.

23. A two h andled cup . Blac k color outside a nd inside . Slippedsurface. burni shed to shining outside. smoothed inside. Paste is tine.B lack biscuit. Diameter o ritiee - 6 em; diameter bottom 2.8 em:maximum diamet er - 8.6 ern; height - 5 em . I louse 3. Sq. KIt dept h- 5.63 m ; vessel lOa. No. 2042 . Historical Mu seu m Pazardzhik No.4843 . figure 26.5: I .

24 . A two h andled cup . Gray and black color outside and inside.Slipped sur face. burn ished outside and inside. Paste is semi-tine .Diameter oritiee - 8.5 em ; diameter bottom - 3.5 em: height - 5.5em. House I. No. 1373. Historical Mu seum I'azardzhik No. 389 8.Figure 26.5: 3. -

25 . A two handled cup . Gray and black to black color ou tside andinside. Slipped surface. burni shed outside and inside. Paste is semi­fine. Diamete r oritice - 9 em: diameter botto m - 3.5 em: height - 7em. House I. No. 1374. Historica l Mu seum Pazardzhik No. 389 7.Figure 265: .J.

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Table 26.2. lunats;h' tell: Classification of pottery. Late Chulkolithic

Nadezhda Todorova and Ielichka Matsanova

26. A two handled cup. Black color outside and inside. Slipped sur­face, burnished outside and inside . Paste is semi fine. Diameter ori­fice - 5 em; diameter bottom - 2.8 em: he ight - 5 em. Iiouse I. No.1378. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No . 3896. Figu re 26.5: 5.

27. A two handled cup. Light gray. gray and beige outsid e. brownspots inside . Fine slip surface out side. burnished : insid e - smoo thed.Paste is semi-coarse. Black biscuit with two brow n strips. Diameterorifice - 8.4 em: diameter bottom - 3.8 em: height - 7.5 ern. The firsthor izon. Figure 26.5: 6.

28. A two handled bowl . Black irreg ular color. single dark brownspots. Surface with slip in tr ips. smoothed with traces of burn ishingout side. even ly smoothed outs ide . Paste is semi coarse. Botto m ­sandy. orga nic matter. Diameter orific e - 26 .4 ern: d iameter bottom ­7 em: maximum diameter - 30 em: heigh t - 15.2 em. House 4. No.1758 . Histor ica l Museum Paza rdzhik No. 4429. Figure 26.5: 7.

29. An amphora-lik e pot . Brown. irregular color outs ide and inside.Surface with self slip outside in the upper pan . in the rest - evenlysmoothed. Paste is semi-coarse. Restored. Diameter orifice - 8.2 em:diameter bo ttom - 6.7 em: max imum dia meter - 16 em: height ­12.8 em. House 3. No. 1918. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No .4747 . Figure 26.6: I .

30. A ll amphora-like pot. Brown irregu lar colo r. sing le dar ker andreddish spots outside and inside. Slipped surfa ce. smoothed out side.Paste is semi-coarse. Bottom - stone of medi um size. Diameter ori­Iicc - 7.6 em: diamete r bottom - 6.4 ern: max imum diameter - 16.3em: he ight - 17,4 em . House 4. No . 176 1. Histo rical MuseumPazardzhik No. 340 . Figure 26.6: 2.

3 1. An amphora-like pot. Light brown irregular color. with darkerspots outs ide and inside. Slipped surface . burni shed outs ide andsmoothed eve nly inside. Paste is sem i-coarse. Restored. Diameterorifice - 7.5 em: diameter bottom - 6.4 cm: maximum diameter - 17em: he ight - 2 1 em. House 1 (?) . No. 1392. Histo rical MuseumPazardzhi k No. 3885. Figure 26.6: 3 .

32. An amphora-lite p OI. Dark bro wn. irregular co lor. gray and blackspots outside and inside . Fine slip (washing) surface. burnished inthe upper pan outside. the rest of the vessel is smoothed. Paste issemi-coarse. Bottom - sandy, Diameter orifice - 8.4 cm: diameterbottom - 4.2 em: maximum diameter>- 14 em: height - 15 cm. House4. No . 1752. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No. 4292. Figure 26.6 :4.

33. A pot. Dark brown to black color. spots outs ide and inside. Slippedsurface. burn ished in the upper pan outside and inside. the lowerpart is smoothed. Paste is semi-coarse. Bottom - sandy. Diameterorifice - 8.5 em: diameter bottom - 6.4 em: maximum diameter ­15.2 em: height - 13.5 cm. House 4. No . 1757. Histor ical MuseumPazardzhik No. 4431 . Figure 26.6 : 5.

34. A pot. Gray and brown . irregul ar colo r. gray spots. Slipped sur­lace. in the upper part burnished. in the lowe r pan smoothed. Pasteis semi-coarse . Bottom - -shamot ' . sandy. Diameter orific e - 7.5 em:diameter bottom - 6 ern: maximum diameter - 15 em: height - 13em. Sq. T6. heapi ng . No. 1789. Historical Museum Pazardzhik No .4670 . Figu re 26.6: 6.

35. A pot . Black color outside and inside. Slipped surface. burni shedin the upper pan outs ide. without slip in the rest pan . smoo thed.Paste is semi -coarse. Brown biscuit with two thin black strips out­side and inside. Diamete r orifice - 10 em: dia meter bottom - 9 cm:max imum diameter - 20.5 em: height - 20.3 em. Sq . M9. heaping.No. 2065. Figure 26.6: 7.

354

36. A sph erical pot. Light brown. little brick reddish outside andinside. Se lf-slip surface burni shed outside and inside. Paste is semi­fine. very sandy. Homogenous biscuit. light brown. Diameter ori­fice - 4.3 em: diam eter bottom - 3. 1 ern: maxim um diameter - 12,4em : he igh t - 11.7 em. House 4. No . 1979. Histo rica l Museu mPazardzhik No. 4783. Figure 26. 7: I .

37. 'A vase '. Gray and black. irregular color. sing le gra~ und brownspots, Slipped surface. burni shed outside and inside. Paste is semi ­coarse . Diameter or ifice - 6 em: diameter bottom - 4.5 ern: max i­mum diameter - 17 em: height - 19 em. 1I 0us~ I2. next 10 gravcNo . 76. No. 1982. Historica l Museum Pazardzhik No. H 97. Fig­ure 26.6: 2.

38. A pot. Ligh t brown . little brick-reddi sh color. Self slip surfac eburni shed out side and inside. Paste is semi-ti ne. very sandy. Ho­mogenous biscuit . light brown. Smoothed bottom . Diam eter or ifice- 5.3 em; d iameter bottom - 3.5 em: maximum diameter - 10.6 em:height - 10 em. House 2. No . 1684. Historical Museum Paza rdzhikNo . 4286. Figure 26. 7.- 3 .

39 . A pot. Compact red ou tside. gray and beig e spots inside. Com­pa ct s lip surface. burn ished to shining out side . self slip evenlysmoo thed inside . Paste is semi- fine. Hom ogenous blac k biscuit.Diameter orifice - 7 em: diameter bottom - 8 em: maximum diam­eter - 21 em: he ight - 16 em. House 3. No. 2050. Histo rical Mu­seum Paza rdzhik No . A780. Figure 26. 7: 4.

40. A jug. Light brow n. irregul ar co lor. grayish spots outside andinside. Surface with tine slip (se lf slip " ). burni shed outside.smoo thed inside. Paste is semi- tine. Gray biscui t with two brownstrips. Diame ter orifice - 8.5 em: diameter bottom - 8.5 ern : maxi­mum dia meter - 18.5 ern: height - 22 em. Sq. M9. heaping. No .206 2. Figure 26. 7: 5.

4 1.A cup . Import (?) . Bright red color outside. brown inside. Thesurface is with very fine slip and burni shed to shining. There aretwo irregular brown spots. The inner surface is rough ly treated andpartia lly smoo thed. Paste is semi-ti nt: with a lot of coarse qua rtzsand . Red and bro wn bisc uit. in the middle thin dark brown strip.Diameter orific e - 7.5 em: diame ter bottom - 2.5 em: maximumdiameter - 8.5 em; he ight reco nstructed - c. 7.5-8 em. Sq . P. Figure26. 7: 6.

42.A n askos. Miniature vessel. Dark brow n to black. irregular colo r.single spots outside and inside. The surface is without slip. smoothed.with traces of washing. Paste is semi-coarse. Bottom - smoothed.Diameter orifice - 2.4- 1.7 em: dia meter bottom - 6.8 em : width ­4.5 em: height of the body - 4.5 em: he ight with the handle - 5.7cm. Sq. C6. depth - 6.92 m. No. 1774. l listor ical Museum PazardzhikNo . 4664. Figure 26.7: 7.

43. A pot-stand. Reddish and bro wn. irregular surface colo r, beigeand gray and be ige spots outside and inside. Smoo thed surface \\ ith­out slip. Paste is semi-coa rse. Diameter bases - 9.2 cm: diameter inthe middle pan - 6.5 em: height - 6 cm. House I. No. 1-13 7. His­tor ical Museum Pazardzhik No. 404 4. Figure 26. 7: 8 .

44. A pot-stand. Brov..'n up to black in some places co lor o r thesurface. spots outside and inside. The surface is slipped. in the middlepan there are traces of burn ishing. smoothed outside. Paste is se mifine. Diameter bases - 12.8 ern: maximum diameter - 16.5 em:height - 10 em. 1louse 1. No. 138 1. Histo rical Museum Pazardzhi kNo . 3893. Figure 26.7: 9.

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Nadezhda Todorova and I elichka Matsanova

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Table 26.9. YUllatsite tell. Classifica tion of pottery. Late Chalkolilhic.

.t5. A n askos. Unique shape. Black color outside. in the lower partsingle lighter. brown spots. brown inside. The surface is comp actlyslipped. burnished to shining. only the back part or the vessel iswithout slip. where it is unornarnented. very coarse. unsmoothcd .There are traces of cutting of the paste inside. Paste is semi-tine.Brown biscu it. thin black strip. Length - 17 em: width - 14 em:height- 4 em : maximum height - 7 em. House-l . No . 16M . Histori­ca l Museum Pazardzhik No . 4305. Figure 26.8: l ,

.J6 .A depository . Brown. irregular co lor. dark brown and light brownspots outside and inside. Surface without slip. evenly smoothed inthe upper part outs ide and inside. the middle par t is ro ughedIbarbotine). Paste is semi-coarse to coarse. Add itionallv attachedband at the botto m. Diameter or ifice - 39 em: diameter bottom ­11.8 em; height - 28 em. House 5. No. 1920. Historical MuseumPaza rdzhik No . 4749. Figure 26.9:/.

47. A depository, Reddish and brown colo r out side. compact blackinside. The surface is with compact brown slip out side . evenlysmoothed. roughly treated. smoothed with a broom (?) inside. Pasteis semi-coarse (almost coarse) . Black biscu it. brown strip towardsthe outer wall. Diameter orifice - 14 em; diameter bouom -. 14 em:maximum diamete r - 35 em; height- .f9 em. Ilouse No. sFigure26.9: 2.

48. A depository. Red and brown colo r outside and inside. The sur­face is with slip and carefu lly smoothed in the upper part. smoothedinside. The lower part is consciously roughed (barbotin c j. Coarsepaste. Red and brown biscu it. House 3. Figure 26.9: J.

49. A depository. Brown. irregular co lor. single redd ish and blackspots out side and inside. The surface is with slip and smoothed inthe upper part outside and inside. the rest part is roughed (barbotinc] .Paste is coarse. Homogenous brown biscuit. Diamete r ori fice - 28em; maximum diameter - 40 em. Ilouse 12. Figure 16.9: 4.

36 1