lutyens delhi2 (nxpowerlite)
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delhi histoTRANSCRIPT
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Lutyens Delhi
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Why change in Capital?
Political turmoil in Bengal against the proposal of Partition of Bengal by lord Curzon in 1905.
This prompted the Government to shift its seat of power from Calcutta to Delhi.
Coz Delhi was surrounded by amicable native states and they will be away from the rigorous criticism of the Bengali press.
Delhi was chosen as the suitable capitalto symbolize the permanence of British rule in Indiato lay claim to Indias past.
Hence came the City of New Delhi. Constructive and geometric qualities to manifest the law, order and governance.
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The Site.parameters
The Site was chosen to the South of Existing City of Shahjahanabad
Parameters:
Health
Questions of Sanitation
Sentiments and Costs
Commercial, Civil and Military requirements
Room for Expansion
Facilities for internal and external Communications
Adequate Water supply
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Planning
Axiality
Orientation
Symmetry
Vantage Point
Highlighted Intersections
Classicist Baroque Layout
Lord Harding, the then Viceroy of India wanted a BLEND OF INDIAN
SENTIMENTS in the building of New Delhialong with the
simple forms,
mathematical restraint,
noble ideas from Greek art.
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INSPIRATIONS
Elysees, Paris Champs
Washington D.C.
London
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STAGES IN THE DESIGN
Lutyens basic idea while designing the city was to relate past with the
present.
He tried to get the best possible view of the monuments of the city like Jama
Masjid.
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2 3
introduction of a cross-axial plaza with
two Secretariat blocks curved streets similar to Regent street in London
enlarged circus at the end
of main avenue
enlarged circus at the
end of main avenue
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4
5
6
Three avenues radiating from
Government House ,one towards
Jama Masjid, a second towards
Indrapat and a third towards Delhi
gate
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8
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the main avenue in a northeast
to southwest direction
main avenue north-
west to southeast
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10
11
12 Government House
moved back in order to
allow for sufficient
space for the two
Secretariats
Large triangular and
hexagonal pattern
with a square in front
of Raisina Hill.
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THE SITE
At first the assumption was that the capital would be built north rather than south of Shahjahanabad, making use of the infrastructure already there.
In the end, however, the south was preferred for its cheaper land, more space and greater healthiness, being further form swamps.
His selection was the low hill near the village of Raisina.
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IMPERIAL AXIS
The defining factor for new Delhi was the neo classical
imperial axis known as kings way (now Rajpath) with viceroys house on one end and India on
other with obelisk in between.
This Imperial Axis gives it a geometrical character. The
geometry lies in its concept also
all the buildings are an outcome
of Geometrical forms.
KINGS WAY
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VARIOUS BUILDINGS
The site planning is done
in such a way that the city
occupies the central part of
Delhi. It have spacious avenues
connecting the centers of
administrative power,
commerce and public
services.
India Gate
Secretariat
Rashtrapati
bhawan
Parliament
bungalows
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FAULTS IN THE DESIGN:
Bakers insistence that the Secretariats should be share the summits of Raisina, which
was originally to be reserved for Viceroys House alone. In consequence to make
space for the Secretariats, viceroys House was pushed back from the crest of the hill
and so, although it is visible from a distance and from the summit, it is invisible to
anyone standing at the foot of the hill.
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GEOMETRICAL INFLUENCES
No city in the world has derived its plan
structure from the geometric shapes of
the equilateral triangle and the hexagram
or hexagon as consistently as New
Delhi.
These forms apply as much to the town
plan as to the individual buildings
Lutyens use of triangle, hexagon and hexagram, might be explained by
membership in a freemasons lodge, or by Jewish descent Lutyens was familiar with Hindu symbolism and geometry
was not totally resistant to the Viceroys desire
for Mughal elements
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INDIAN INFLUENCES
At the outset Viceroy wanted the buildings to have a generally Indian appearance, in order to symbolize the increasing role of Indians in government; but mindful of the strong dislike for Indian traditions among British in India, he proposed a compromise style which would include Indian motifs.
Indian architectural elements were taken
MATERIAL USED- red sandstone stone was used in most of the buildings of
lutyens as it was locally available.
chattri
chajja
Sanchi stupa
Indian columns
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Axial Planning of the City was composed in Hexagonal Grids,
to integrate the Palace Complex with the existing monuments in order
to take references from the remnants of the empires of the past.
Viceroys Palace
Connaught
Place
Jama Masjid
Rajpath
(Kings Way)
Processional
Path India Gate
Purana Qila
River
Yamuna
The Axes of Power
Janpath
(Queens Way)
North
South
West East
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Social Stratification in the placement of Bungalows
Viceroys Palace
C.P
Rajpath
(Kings Way)
India Gate Purana Qila
River
Yamuna
Janpath
(Queens Way)
North
South
West East North Block
South Block
Residences of
Members of Council,
Secretaries, Officials.
Fat Indians Bungalows
Upper Grade
White Sahibs
Upper Grade
White Sahibs
Brown Sahibs
Shahjahanabad
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The Social Stratification got reflected in City Fabric
City was conceived as a segregated zone:
- positional reference with existing indigenous city of
Shahjahanabad.
- hierarchial space making within its own periphery.
Compartmentalized zoning of various cross-sections.
Apparent control on the Social Structure, according to their political, social and economic standing.
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Indicators of the Status of an Accommodation in
NEW DELHI
Distance from the Government Complex
Elevation
Size of the Bungaow Compound
Size of Dwelling
Width of front road
Name of road
Name of area
Name and Index of House Type
Type and Quantity of Vegetation
Presence and Absence of
Various facilities.
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Capital of India shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911
Decision was taken in the Delhi Durbar in 1911
Announced by king George-V on 12th December 1911.
Enormous scale and prominent position for Governor-Generals residence.
British Architect Edwin Landseer Lutyens- key member in the planning process.
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Sketches
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Sketches
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People involved:
Chief Architect - Edwin Landseer Lutyens
Architect Herbert Baker
Chief Engineer Hugh Keeling
Muslim Contractor Haroun Al Rashid (main building)
Sujan Singh and his son Sobha Singh (forecourt)
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Viceroys Palace
( Rashtrapati Bhawan )
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Indian Designs
Several Circular Stone basins on top of the palace, as water features are an important part of Indian Architecture.
Traditional Indian Chajja, which took the place of the frieze. it was a sharp, thin, protruding element which extended 8 feet from the building, and created deep shadows. It stopped harsh sunlight from getting to the windows, and also stopped rain during a monsoon season.
On the roofline were several chattris, which helped to break up the look of the flat part of the roofline not covered by the dome.
Uncomplicated Design elements.
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Indian Designs
Statues of elephants and fountain sculptures of cobras in the gardens.
Grilles made from red sandstone, called jalis or jaalis. Inspired by Indian design, but used only in small areas.
The front of the palace, on the east side, has twelve unevenly spaced columns with the Delhi order capitals.
The columns are made in the original Delhi order which combines vertical lines with the motif of a bell.
These capitals have a fusion of acanthus leaves with the four pendant Indian bells.
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Indian Designs
The Indian temple bells are a part of the culture of Indian religions, such as Hindu and Buddhist, the idea coming from a Jain temple at Moodabidri in
Karnataka.
One bell is on each corner at the top of the column.
Viceroyal Lodge was largely completed by 1929, and (along with the rest of
New Delhi)
Officially inaugurated in 1931.
The dome, though claimed by Lutyens to be inspired by the Pantheon of Rome, is primarily derived from the Sanchi Stupa built during the
Mauryan times.
Mughal and European colonial architectural elements.
RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN has 340 decorated rooms
Floor area of 200,000 square feet (19,000 m),
Built by using 700 million bricks
3 million cubic feet (85,000 m) of stone,
The usage of steel is very minimal.
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Secretariat Building
Houses the following ministries:
Ministry of Defence (MoD) Ministry of Finance (MoF) Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) Prime Minister's Office (PMO)
The Secretariat Building consists of two buildings: the North Block and the South Block. Both the buildings flank the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
The South Block houses the Prime Minister Office, Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of External Affairs
The North Block primarily houses the Ministry of Finance and the Home Ministry
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Rajpath
NORTH
BLOCK
SOUTH
BLOCK
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NORTH BLOCK SOUTH BLOCK