THE SPIRIT

D E S P O T I S M .

LOItD CASTLEREAGET.

LONDOW: PRIXTED FOR WILLIAM HONE, 45, LUDGATE HILL

1821. I_

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DED1C:ITIOS.

SrcrloN Ix 1 ~ l r tam admutage P M r a m - i lmwtionr, &ntal EEeeuer, and ~ fcn+t Rmohrtk, to n t a d Pw-

rogah'ae and P-, and meroad oa the -ut of the Pwpk.

T H E riots in which, to the dis- grace of magistracy, and the boastrd

~ vigilance of ministers, (richly paid as they arc, to guard the public sdety,) arrived frorn contcruptit,le beginnings to a formidable

ansidered by courtiers, and those who are magnitude in the year 1780, have k n

continually labouring to exalt prerogative a t the expence of liberty, w extreme1 tavour- &le to their purpose. They causey an uni- versal panic. l l l e cowardice, folly, and perhaps wickedness of certain yublic func-

rive mischief; but the exreses of a few tionarm, were the true cause ot the exten-

most wretched rioters, who scarcely knew what they were duing ; children, wonlen, and drunken persons, were attributed to thc P m p L E . Argument5 were drawn from the event api1l.c popular characters, pqmlar looks, pq1111ar assemblies, auld in favour of military coercion. Military associations in the capital were encottragcd, antl the bank of E n ~ l ~ n d became a barrdck. Liberty has few votaries in comparison with Property. The alarm was arttdlg cncreased, and the Tirit ofdcspotlsnl grew under irs operation.

the ruirli, and would have rcjuiced in build- he Tom antl JacoLite party ewltcd Over

iug a Babtillc with the dilnpidations. " See,"

" the effi.cto o f ' JHlW€P in the hands (IF !he said they. as they trirlmphcrl over the scene,

PKOPLK !" But thr tnltll is, the people , the grand

ooncernetl ill ctlecting the n l i d i e f ; for I m3L.s of the cmlmunity, were not at all

hegqars, wonlen, and drunkards, the people. cannot d l a lortuitotls assemt11;tge uf boys,

pressed by the slightest excrriuns of manf, The first irregularities might have becn su - spirit. But those who were Imsqcsscd of'

joying the sweets of office without wffering efficient places and their emohmen@, en-

3 senbe of its duties to embitter thew, dis-

!cried !hat they had it not. The ople a t lased no spirit, antl left it to be fnirly in-

large werr not to be blamed for E s e un- forlunate events; the whole of the culpa- bi!it belonsed to the appointcd nrinistrrs of t i e law, ~n whom thc people trusted and

laid on thc people; and those who, from were deceived. The blame, however, was

their arbitrary pnnciyles, wished tn h r e t l i t

joiced at the calamity, as an auspicious all popular interference in government, re-

justifying their practice. event, confirming all their theories and

The artful encroachers on liberty were . .

not deceived in calcuht' Lbs efFects d i n g from this mal &%&on ofdut+v on the put of the civil magistrate. Ahnost i m m e d i e i y a dam ww cast on the gem- rous ardour, rhiR, u n k r a W~VIII , 8 Richmond, n Por+nd, Md 8 Pitt, .wp3 seeking the splvorlun of the MUntry, In a well-timed md deliberate refoFm of h a H o w of Communr. A few, mdeed, re- mained equaily zealous in the virtuous cause ; but the minds of the rnany were

acquiesce under every corruption attcuded plsied by the pnic, and scemrd ready to

which, they were tuught to believe, could wilh tranquillity, rather t h i u r ri-k a reform

not be effected rilhont popular commotion. Toryism saw the change with delipht, and enyloye( a l l i t s influence in auglnentiug an c u n t ~ ~ ~ u i n g t h e political t o r p r .

have relinquihed it3 Intentions of effecting 111 a few )ears thc public mind scellled to

a speedy reform. It seemed to adopt t h e physician's maxim, Jfrrlurfr bcnc' p d u m Ire ?, ,owto; and he5itated to undertake the removal o f a local p i n , lest i t should throw

The fear of exciting a general inflammation the mc\rlrid lrratter over the whole hahit.

preventcti nlrn fiom probing and cleaning the illvetcrate ulcer. I n the lllean time,

stopped in its progress, must terminate UI the sore is growing worse, and if not

a rnc)rlificatiun. Tht~s important and extensive were the

consequences of a popular ttlmdt, danGer- ou, indeed and terrible in itself, but artfully exaggerated and ab tmd by interested cour- iiers, for the prevention of patlianlentary

ceedings. When any a p p d to the people reform, and the discredit of all pnpdar pro-

was in agitation, on any business whatever, it was sltfficient to say, '* RemenlLer the riuts," and the intended mrabure wa9 im- mediately relinquished. A glorious oppor- tunity fur the growth of despotic opinions 1 The high-church and high-government bigots reJoiced as if they had gained a com- plete victory. They already sang Te Uecrm.'

But in the midst of their triumphs, as human affairs are seldom long statwnary, the French revolution commenced. Every honest antl enlightened mind exulted at i t ; but the new9 was like a death-bell to the

ful a part of Europe emancipated from the ears of the sJcophants. So large, so power-

fangs of despotism, blasted all the budding h o p of those who were rdther nleditatin the esd l i shment than the &mulition 3 ab:,o!ute rule. Aristtrcracil pride wgb mortified. Every sullen sentiment, every

b o w n of that ambition, which seeks its angry passion, rose {n the tli-appointed

people. But liberty and humanity s y m p own elevation on the depression of the

provinces, Iu aJI h l u t e prioa, .Mi hsh ever, the s@jugatcd plains w*hih he ferttltred wttb hunts1 gore.

What are the chief considerations with such men, previously tu going to wnr, aod at its col&sion? Evidently the ex- of M O ~ L Y . Little is ,aid or thought of tbe l ive% lust, or devoted tu be lost, w e p t ap nlrtters of prcvCunkr.y value. llurnanity. i lrded, weep in sdcr~re and sulitude, III t h e sequestered slide of private life ; but

and abir le ts? \$hen men hi,$ in com- iy a single teat shed in courts, and camp,

111:1nd, Inen of fortwe and tarnilp, h l l , their deeds are blazoned, and theg,figure in hiqtory ; but who save the poor wtduw and tlre orph311 enc uirc ofter the very 11an1es of the rank and tilt! l h e r e they lie, a Inass ut I I I I I I I ~ I I fle>h, not so much regrcttd IIY

arnl5 they 11ore. \Vhile ship5 often go down the IIVSIJ(J~S as the horscs they rode, or the

1 ~ 1 1 ~ o f war, antl nut H lite is savctl ; the t o the I~ot ton~, struck I)? the iron t lmder-

a-rordlng to the \\eight o f metal wasted, n;~rionsl 1us.s is rstinlated l ~ y the despot,

and t l ~ c magnitude a ~ ~ d espcnce of the wootlcn caat!e.

I’lorntur lochryrnir amissa pecunia ver i$ !

G O I I , we rc:ctl, nrade man i n h i ; own inlagc ; and ollr Saviour taught us that he H’:H the llcir o f itnmortality. G o n made 110 tfistinction ut‘ persons; but behold a lxiug, born to a hcel~rc, thouglr a poor, p n p , shlvcring nwrtal l ~ k e the rest, pre- m m e s to sell, aut1 let uut for hire, these i n l a p of God, to do the work 01’ huIrhers, i l l any CBUSE, antl lor any picylnaster, on anv nurntm otunoflcndinc iellow-creatures, \ v L w e srantltng up’in’delcnce ut‘ their h e x t l u , thciraltan, their w ~ v e s , their rtril- clrrn, and their liherty. Great I:unlhcrs of Inen troinccl to the trade ufhunlan IJllrcllery arc co~~stant ly ready to I t k t to hire, to oxrry on the work ot’dcspotisrll. and to s u p Ivort. by the money they earn i n this hellish empluyent , dle I~~sr~r ious vices of‘ the

that $rate of human affairs be r$ht and wretch who calls them his property. Can

worthy the name of‘ a man, sunk in effe- proper, which pernits a miscreant, &arcel,

a1momi;lable kind of vice, ignorant and illi- milla&, the stave of vice, often the most

terdtc, debilitated with disease, weak in h l y as in mind, to have such dominion of hundreds of thousands, his superiors by natnre, as to let them out for pay, to murder the innocent stranger in mid blood ?

monarchiq such atrocious villainy is m e r Ihough, in free countries and limit&

E“berty and humanity to he on their p d mitted, yet it becomes the friends of

against the prevalence of any opinions and p ~ ~ % i c e s which de recia* man, as man, and v.ihfg humrn h e . None can tell to

Jus.

Mfm to p M c A,' rhrt enonncno d e p m i small colrccssions may iead; when the !mor of a i n m is grsd~nl ly softened by, the wicked arts of proud inaiguen, idoluing grandeur and t m ling on povcrty.

d a t shall we think of the rartice of w1mtiscalled C m M P l w ? 1s it to { e = \ l o a d in a free country ? Are not men bou;ht,

cattle, beasts of the field or the forest, and inreigletl, or forccd by it, as if they wers

capable of becomi~g the yroprty of the

Lhold with patience such a yrdcrice i n - urchaser or the captor? I f a natiin silould

creasing anrl encouraged by the grwt, wodd there not be reason to wspect, that it lrad lost t h e spirit of freedom, and was preparing to sulmit its neck to the yoke o f tie- wtiml? Is not an inlpresIed sailor or a k iharped soldier one u t thc images of Gnl) ? Is lie not clltitled t o a11 the rights of tratrlre, and the society of which hr ie a member ! I h e s pverty didranchim a man, rub him of his

be bought and sold, or thrown away, at the rlghta, and wider his /!!e a cunlmcitlity to

will of a rich nm1, who is enabled to take :Idvantape ot Ills ant, and at111 to the nrisfortunc ofintl ipce thecurse u f slavery ?

by ccnnlvmce, i f not by legal perrnishn, Are a few pieces of silver to be allowed,

os the price of blood, \\hen vert!., but not the will, consents to tile saK?

*pectacle patrunizrd 119 priuces, ad elxuu- Even it' UOXING were ever to Lecorne a

r a w d 11s' a peuple, there w d d I x reapon t o L r lest Y,tN, .is M A S , ]lad lost his value; iest life were cstinlated uf h i e p r m ; and !est the y i r i t of despatisnl wetc gradu;llly ~ns tnua t~ng itJc!f into the cornmlmlty. There would he reason to tear lest timcs, like those of the latter Honlan enlpcrurs, wcre returning, and that lncn migilt be kept like wild beasts, to L C hrougllt u n 1hc s t y e antl h-ht fur public diversion, and to be murderex l i lr the evening's amusement offashionable !ords and ladies, at an opera- house.

The dignity of human natwe, in despo- t i ca l countms, is treated as a burlesque. A man is less dignified than a pampered horse, anrl his lil'e infinitely less Yalued. But in a land of' libert!, llke ours, every man should learn to venerate hinlself and his neighbour, as a noble creature, de en dent only on God, on reason, on law. Lfi under such circumstances, is a pcarl o f

such clrcctmstances, is of equal value in the great p:ice. Every human being, under

consequence of civil elevetion, hold any sight of GOD. They, therefore, who, in

m ' s life cheap and vile, unless he has

are g u i l t y of rebellion a st GOD, and forfeited his rights by eno~mws crimes,

h t to be hunted out o E i e t v ; as the 3, once tbe native of ~a land's foresa, waa erterminatad fiom the is%rd.

in fa..*t.arc to Dcrlpacinr. 26

SECTSON XI. h d i f m c r of the rniddie a d hmw

faira, highly famradle to tk l& Clarcu .J' the PlrorLo to pwblic A

and thtrejoore to the Spirit oj' &1 rrrmchntrrtr of the Tory Prinri le

'J 'IIE opinion, that the nlajority o f the

quisltww, is a t once insultin8 antl i~~,iuri- ?:OPLE have no ronrern i n political di3-

ous. l'hey .who n~aintnin It, evidently nlean tu make 3 separation in the nlintls of nwn, between the govertmlcnt and the natiotl. I t is insulti:lg to the nation, as it i n 4 n w t e ~ tirat they are either incupable or unwurthy of interf'ering ; and it is injurious

I I I U I I I I ~ , a3 it renders that p w e r , which tu the governnlent aut1 the w h l c cotn-

uught to Ile an uhjrct ol' luvc an oljrct of terror a ~ ~ d jcalvusy.

sul:jcct to absollrte p w , aid i l l wlllcll the Such an upinion is f i t only fur a rountry

r q l l e , cu~~siderctl only as runqneretl slaws, 1111tl thcir lives :md a11 their etl.juylycnts at

the w i l l oi'thc ronqucror. As I t urlginates 111 desputic prmciple+, bu it tends to Imducc antl dlffwe them.

A s tr, t h e intellectual abililics o f the peuplc, i t I> certain that home o f tlle ablest statebnlen, In \ rg iy>, and rncn of h s ~ n e s s , haw origin.ctell trtrnl that ortlrr which is called plebeian. 'l'llerc is a singular \ igour ot'nlind, as well as of I~udv, in IIICII who have I~ccn placctl out o l ' t l~c reach o f luxury and corrtlption try their p u r or o l ~ ~ u r c collditlun ; ant1 \\hen this vigour ut' rnind has been i l n ,roved 119 a conlpctent cdwx- tiun, and srli,wqueut opprtunitics of ex- perience :cut1 otJwvation, it II:I\ lccl to very 1li-h degrees ot mental ercelitnrc. Ple- hi .ms hdve arrivcd at the vrry Lirht r m k i l l all arts ant1 sriencc-; ant1 there is nothing in politics so peculiarly ah(trwe or rccrmltte, a5 to be il~rolnltrellcn~iblc by in- tellect$ that haw penetrated into the pro- foundest depths of yhiluwphg.

let h i m who denies it, deny at thc same A5 to the rizht of the people to think,

time their right to brcathp. They can no nlorc avoid thlnkine than breathing. GOD formed them to do 60th ; antl though states- men oftell act as if they wished to oppose the will o f the Deity, get happily they want the pwer. Aud since men must think, is it. pocsible to prevent them from thinking ot the gmernment? upon the right con- duct of which depend their libcrty, their property, and their lives. It is their duty to watch over the possessors of power, lest

ing nature of pmw, from Laving to their they should be prevented, b the encroach-

posterity that freedom which they inherit ed: a oanurl right, preserved from the

gtotioRs.

The *wit ofDapptirm* baPring&uence. Iarrsmact,~libertyMd -rig are mote ooduave to ha 'nesa h n excessive r i ~ b e c r , it must be .nnmred, u great su the tifh mm's. If he should a&ut the poor man's stake in the minty, is

lose this stake, his poverty, which -3 COD- zded by tbe wnsciuusaess of his liberty and security Lemma, an evil infinitely a ad. l ie 11as nothing left to ~ M ~ T E Iron1 the opprmpor's wrong miad the pmud

t e a heast uf b u r t h e n : fur the mind sinks man's contumely. He may soon degenerate

while a man feels that he is free, and fills a with tile slavery of the condition. But

re?ipectable rank, as r freeman, in the com-

saour, even In rd of comparative dignity. munit!, he walks with t~pright port, con.

Whlle the mi%e acld lower ranks ac- uaint themselves with their rights, they

% o u ~ xlbo impress on h e i r minds a sense of' their duties, and return obedience and allegiance for protection.

l o pertlrrn the part of pod members of the community, tilelr understandings must be duly enlightened, and they must he en- wunpet l , rather than forbidden, to glve a dose attention :o all public tmnsactwns.

jlwtly crlled misunderstandings. I t is Disagrcouents in private life are often

througll want of clear conceptlons, that feuds a:ld animosities (iequently happen in public. 1 he wmy are nbt so mad as they are represented. lhey act honestly and zealously ncconling to their knowledge. Give ttltrn fair ar~d t'ull infornration, and they w ~ ! l do the thing that is right, in con- q u e n c r of It. But nothitlg more gene- rd!y, ::lid justly ofiends them, than an atteulpt to conceal or disturt facts which cuncertl tlwrn ; an attempt to render them t h c d u l v u:' intcrestetl ambition, planning L 0x11 elevation 011 the ruin3 of their in- dependence.

my to all turnultuary and riotous procetd- I w1.11, ah a friend to peace, and an enc-

ings, tllat the mass of the people should undcrsunrl the constitntion, and know, that retlrecb of grievances is to be sought, and obtained by appeak to the law ; by a p peals t o reawn ; without appealing except

seldonl occur, to the arm of violence. I In QWS of the very last necessity, which

.advise them patiently to bear, while there is

-abuses, if no other mode of redress appears, but a hope of melioration, even flagrant

for the yresent, but convulsion. I would exhort them not to Ry from the despotism af an administration, to the des tisrn

2 e z v z ; Z t f ~ i E , % Z L q u i 1 l i I wou1d)ohave

? the pro-

d& poor and obscure. I would wish thepl m, of the richand great, as we I as those

80 iabour a t promoting human happine~s ~1 all ranks, and be assured, that happin-, ~kaltb,iswttebeenjoycdinafwer.

the Obje& of Coarm. To aeccrnplish chm ends, f think

much poius cannot be bestowed in tea& them tu undenwnd the tnle nnture of cd3 liw : and in demonstrating to them, t& it is mjuml by a l l excesm, whether &e exoessts ori 'nate in COLIN or cotl lyps.

And s u r e r those men are neither lricnds to their country nor to human nature, who, for the sake of kecping down the lower orders, would ohject to t d i n g the pe~rle the value of a pure IT csentation, free wf- f q e , a free press, anrtrial hy j u r . These

dear the constitution to them, to rend= are the things that are most 11keL to en-

Z e a h d y I'faCFdbh. them truly loyal, chearfully obedient, and

It is not the delusive publirations of in- temted and awophautic associators which can product, this valuablc purpose. Writ- ings so evidently partial persuade none but

ceive nunc but those that are willing to those that arc already persudded ; and d e

vith the rrat bod\* of the pcoplc, who deceived. Truth only wll have weight

have n o i i n g to ho e from ministerial favollr, or to fi.ar, w h e the conrtitutiun is unilnpaircd, from nlini3terial di+euure.

terrupted t1y pcrwnp; actuated by tory and L e t the people then IJC at lihert!, unin-

high p r o g a t i v e principles, to study poli-

they slloose it, i n societies. Thr tnorc they tics, to read panlpMcts, and to dcLate, X know of a good cunstitution ulrd a good administration, the tcttcr tiley w~l l bchavc. Ministry ncctl not hirc newspIwr>, o r rm- ploy s p e s Let thrtn Iluild thcir rrmfidcnce rn t r u t h and justirr, and the crlligllrencd people w~l l coustit\lte its f i r m s t I~~~t t rcss . Let it never be Said, that the pcultlc have nothing to do w i t h r l i t l c . ; ! lest, i t h u l d

gard to t l ~ c people. Le in!crred, that w c pohtlcs Iuve no rc-

S E C T I O S Xfl. The devotic Spirit is inrlimd io din-

courage Commerce, as unfcmourable to ita Px17mes. S man a rcasuna\~le creature? Is he then 1 most perfect ant1 happy, when his con-

duct is re-ulrted by reawn! If so, then the boastetage of cHIv.lLRY was an ageof folly, madness, and miser7. I t was an age in which a romantic imagrnation triumphed by force over the plainest and strongest de-

which pride and wanton insolence trarupld asions of common s e n s e . I t wyi all age in

on the rights and haRinesv of huntan na- ture. To express my ldca of it in a word, it WBS an age of QUIXOTISM, in which Eu- mope appeared as one vast country of bdh- mrte . Yet, wonderful to relate, men have lately arisen, pretending to extraonlinary' degrees of the distinctive faculty of man, professing the most Unbuuncted p w

merchrnt drip, but let the 1-n of waz axe; but flourish tbc sword. Sink tbe

ride on the waves io dl her glary." Sleh sentiments memble those of tbe

feuddbaruns,the m o s t d e ~ p o t i c G ~ s ~ ~ s ~ a w

old feudal barons, however, could not ol- h t ever disgraced human nature. The

ways find en~ploynlcnt for the aword at home ; and Peter the monk told them they would be rewarded in heaven b wagin war on I'alestine. They e n d e d w i g the blessink, of the Pope on the banners.

v a s d s who were left at home. Both com- It waq a fortunate event for the despised

naerce and liberty are greatly indebted to $e crusades for their subsequent flourish- mg state. In the absence ot the tyrants,

art anti industry on thrir own account, and the tratlcvme~r and arrisnnu eserciscd their

~radually acquired a degree of indepen- dcocc. Many of the barons never returned to oppress then]. Many returned, greatly il?jured in strength, spirit, and property. Cunquent ly they lost their power. Char- ter$ W C I C now sold or granted, and Com- mercc lif'red up her front in defiance of I'ride, that, loubing down from her castle o n tllc > h i p antl ~~~anufac turer , despised h e r lowly ( J C C L I ~ ~ ~ ~ I I , while she envied her opulerxe. The c o u ~ ~ t r y was e~~rirhecl by art5 which the r~oblcs dwmed vile. ?'he IIIYCS of the people acquired property, and with it, poucr antl ~nctcpendence. The tgrarmy of ttrc k t l i l d l ~gstc111, and he non- WIIW uf cllivalry. which cntkavoured to creatc a tkmst ic nwri t , indepc~~lent of virtue and utilty, soon vanished when t h e h u ~ n ~ c r r nlintl was at lherty to think for it- self; and IIWII were c.mbuldonetl to a c t frcclL I I ~ a consciuusr~ess ut' possessi~rg k i l l and prolwrty.

ilut wh~le tllc Iluman heart is su1,ject to pritlc, and f c m l u t I,u\ver, the 5pirit o f ty- ranny, which actt~atrd the old barons i n Ict~tlal time<, will manifc+t itsslt; in some

occur. ~unl rnerce was dezpid ' under the nlotlc or degree, wllcnevcr o p r t u n i . i e s

w e have rea.wn to think, is looked upon late nlonurclly in France ; and conlnlcrce,

w h o are violently attached to acnseless with a jealous eye i n England, by those

grandcur.

co~nn~crcc , not only fro111 pride, bnt from Men of this description are averse to

policv. Thrv see commerce enriching and esaIGng p~c&ians to a rank in society equal tu their own; and often fbrnishio the m a n s of luxurious eniovment ,I s p l e t h u r , which they themudl\:es,-nitbai the pride of birth auld the presumption o f office, cannot su port. Though a war may injure trade, anf)ruin manufacturing wms, se t i t is eager1 engaged in, if i t gratifies the revenge o f courts, and the pride of nobles, Its ill e k t s on commerce may be

80 in Private Lif.

increased by tlre ChurcA and the 3iiliiary. SI

tk Ai& o j

s6

&e iotlucnce of a minister, and the over- k i n g weight of oriental riches, LEGIS- %*TORS for the emporium of Europe ! I f such an event were ever to lucppcn, i t would diseouragc all t i r tur in the rising

enrratiorl of merchants, traders and nlanu- f k t u r m ; and teach them, that every thing b y s to A L M I G H T Y M O S E Y , howevcr ob- tarned, and to COI'RT I S F L V E N C E , always r d y to favour overbearing and overgrown ,property. I t woulcl be a melancl~oly sytnp- .am ot tlepenerdc among the people. I t w o u ~ .hew that X e v m t / t / spirit Ilegins to

.and /&!.I@/, under the spirit ot derpcltism. fade and wiiher, as it has I& done in 'litrkg

It i, truly alarrning to all true English- 'men, to w e great frtlditrg romprrnirs u.ing *he inHuenee which riches bestow, in se- conding the views of'a t n i n i , < f < r, witllotlt the 'least aticntlon tu the public gcrotl, the pre- senat ion of / ikrthq, and the Ilaltpincsr o f

..the hunrall race. I t i, cert;tin, that Inen uni ted in curllorate lmtlies uill act in a m a n n e r which thcy woultl he asllarnctl of .in thcir p r i w t e cqacitiea ; IJ~CUISC, whrn so united, the responsibility appear> to be <thrown from individuals un the 4(;(:111:ti \TE, :and so attaching to cticr.y O U I * , r a ~ i be f ixed .on I I U I I C . Such l~odies ~ n , t y 1)c truly dan-

.ether favours, the rnerutwri who co~npose ,gcruns, whcn, from the hope of titles and

' n o t intlced to t h c mrtun, hut to t l x t i w o w i t e them, arc servilely devoted tu thc mmAl.s/er ;

h a n d s tho nlrans of' corruption, euntracts, ut court, who, from hi3 oflkc, has in his

.the prufCbriUIIS, and, above all, TITLES. loans, luttery-tickets, appointrncnts i r r all

k r t y with the c l~ lb of Iiercules. They rise Such rnorlopulizing fraternities attack li-

with gigantic force. Rea-on, arguraent, t h e law and the conctitntivn yield to them, .as the chafY before the wind. If they should Rot rereive a powerful check from the peo- ple a t large, who have nut yet fdllen down worshippers o f GOLD, thcy rnuat go on to

-establi,h, on the banks of the l'harncs, ariental despotism : and it wodtl not be wonderful to see the t w o sheriffs riding up Cheapaide on elephants, with the Lord Mayor borne in a p l u n q u i n , on the necks of liverymen, hastening to proslrute tllem- selves at the feet of a prime nrinialer, now

i t would not be wonderful tu see BANKERS become as great as the Enlperur of China :

erectin an oligardry ; the great house in

df the GOD. Leadenffall-street, a temple ; and a go&

SECTIOX XXIII. Of the Pageantry of Life; that it origi-

nates in the Spirit of Despotism ; a d . contribute0 to it, mithuut adwnckg any pn'wte ram than public Felicity.

T H E proud despise the people, re went them as little ruperior to the % m t q

Iw h at die idea of their rights, and seem tu %ink tllat the worM was made for them- selves onlv ; yet the pmud .n never satir- tied but whrn thcy attmt the nuticc of this very people, by s ienduur, by ostentation by the exercise o!authority over them, and by insolent stirs of sc.lf.importance. Tho people, it must Le 4, in the simplicity of their hearts, ,gape with wcltniration at the pasring spectacle which inhu1t.s then1 with its glare. and feel thenlselver awe-

which woc~ld trample them in the dirt if s t rwk wiLh the gmndeur of the wvalcade,

they (lid nut strltg-le to escape.

and pard'dde on rhc minds ol'the unthinking, l'uliticinns, obsgving this egect o f finery

takc: care tu drcss up the idul, which the tllenlwlves prerrlld to worsllip. anc~ whict

thc t d r y f1,itt.r. of Il!e lady of' lmetto. t l ~ c y wish the people really to adure, in all

They tiid I 11s kind ot vulirar super+tilion

views. ,icrortlingly, in uII desputlc eoun- ehtremcly hvour,hlc to their interested

tries, great pains are [Liken to a111uw and d e l d e the 11eople with tllc tralqillgs of royalty. I'upery prevailed more by the pautliness of I ~ R pr~csts and dtars, awl the polup ot' its procebsions, than trorn the pro- grcss of collvictioll. 'I'he coplr, in such CIrculnstances, 1mve indecd'the pleasure of fine sights; but thsy t~s~~ally pay much more dcarly fur thcm than for exhibitions at the theatre ; and have t h k nlortifying rcHcction, as a drawback from their plw-

the sight a political delmion. I t Inscrlrs sure, that thc )a,mcnt is involuntary, and

of their rights; and rakes from ttlcm the thelr uuderstandinpr, while it bcguiles them

earnings of their idustry, while it teaches thcln to feel their own insignificance.

But not only despots, courtiers, and pub- lic funcrionarics, think it pro er tu strike

uf',the builder, the tailor, atid the coaeh- the v u ~ p r with awe, by purcRasing finery

p,amter; but the titled and the overgrown rlch men, through every part of' every com- nlunity, where family aggrandizement is procurable without public services, or pri-

societies, confer not only the means of h x - vate or personal virtue. Riches, in such

They assume a value not naturnlly their urious enjoyment, but of civil superiority.

OIFII, and become the tuccedanca of wisdom, patriotism, valour, learning, and benefi- cence. l'he great object IS therefore to make an ostentation of riches, and to keep the people a t a distance, by dazzling t h e r eyes with the blaze of equipage and msgni- ficence. As all the minuter lununaries gravitate to the sun in our wlar system, EO all these aspirants at distinction and su rior xmportance lK crown 1s the '2;Trhich they ambitious! rsvolve. They would alt therefore contnhute, if they m e ahle.

o f 4 - crhinately an tbe place unl the cottage. The# are as much cwmies to kings os to the pmple, because they would, i f . p s i h l e , bektn sthemseelves: but e~ t h a t ~ s i r n p o s sible, k e y crouch, like Fawning s p i e k , to tlle Land which hils it in his power LO throw them a bone.

forrnidalrle to liberty, becaura they arc insa- l h i a description of persons i3 peculiarly

tiably greedy of pmw. From their order

which they t r h c on spxlet ion, llhe &&rs chiefly a r i e the purchasers of Ilurou*hc in

in hops, determined t c ~ re-sell thc+r CUIIIIIIO- dity, as soon as they can, to the hcst bidder. They are a h of that hardened effrontery whicll pusllrs Its way to public employment, s t a d s forward at court, and, on all ~ ~ c c d - sions, assuues that inqrclrtancr, which, from tile gerwral tfittidence of' the lrettcr part ot'nlarlkmtl, IS btlt tuo easily ruurcded

sequence of' this I I I I ~ ~ I I ~ ~ I ~ I I ~ a?wrdnrr, thic to the uaost inryudent pretensilms. Inrcrn-

arrogant, audacious presunlptwn, this hard- ened tempcr, \ v h i r h ran lrcar rcp~~lse with-

rise tu t he higlrrst posts : antl sl lch Its woltltl out being ahashed ur d c + r i t d , theyoiirne\t

be pats ( ~ t Ilunuur, i t they were not tilled by nlen who have not onc quality o f a beneficent nature, or w111ch thwn.rs the esteem o f their fellow-crutllrcs. liut tfwugh they 1r;lvc no iuclillatiun to du good; the^ acquire the pw{er, trllich they fail riot to erercl%e, doing rtrucl~ wil. 'They en- cour.t;e arbltr:iry pririciplc. 'They tletlre- ciate the ptople on all occahions; ant1 atltl weight and corlfitlcllre to the aristorratical confedrracy. They may wnetirncs LC nlen of parts. They arc rel(l11111 dehcient in the graccs of IArd Clwstcrlicltl. But t h y arc

the c1rildi.h vanity of the wo~.ltl, antl prc- ard-hearted, S C I G ~ I I wretches, attackled to

ferring a title ur a riband tn the pcacr, thc

feliow-mortals ; a11 which t l 1 c y are ready to lises, tlle property, and the liberty of ttlcir

prime 1nini5ter, and obtaining wnlc Ilauble, sacrtficc, even fur the rhrrwr of plraGin; a

not the batlgc of experienced virtue. (Jne whwh rrasun rnwt ever dcqme, nhen it is

being called H i s Grace, or h'ol~lc Narquls," of tt1e.e (yap an old wrirer*j vdues

million o f livcs, provided that in such a gc- ( u n u k d nalncs as they are,) '' nlore t l~an a

neral destruction he can save O S E ; and to confirm themselves in their ill-gotten honours, they generally hatch plots, suborn rebellions, or any thing that they think ran create business, keep themselves from being y t i o n e d , and THIN mankind, whereby

ey lose 50 many of their enemies." ~ ~~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ~

wbose rcfipimr waa o f f m Pdyish superstition, Samuel Johnmo; not the Lcriropapher,

1 venerate his abilities ; but detest his politics. and whose loynltyttle must irrahrwlToryirnr.

He would have dieplaced the Bnuuwick /ami& fur tbe Slaartr, if his power had kept pa with his inclinations.

d A h t e ~ w q : w .. ssnxosr xxv.

Of a Nohurl A r h t c ~ ~ t y . ATOBILITY, according to the idea of the

vulgar, both in high and low life, is nothing n ~ r m than RICHBS that huve been a I I J I I ~ tinre in nnc Farailr : but it often h a p pns that riches lme be;n originally gained and preserved in o w family b y sordid BVG rice, by lnean and dishonest arts; such a r t s as arc ultcrly incompatible with trne nobi- lity, with superiority of intellects, united with genero4tv of' dispsition.

civil diytirlctions, were taken from W A R : a+ hlost of til; titl6.s of wobilily, antl o ther

a nlrrqum, 21 duke, a count, a haroo. a Ialdgrave, a k n i d t an equire . lhc in-

wtlo have nlitigated tv i l and at1 ille ell let^ the ventors of art<, tKc ;tnproverr uf life, those

good alluttctl to men i n tllis worh, ycrc not thouglll worthv o f any titdar tli-unctluns, The rea.on i..' indeed sufficiently obvious;

kings, who rrtjilired and rewardcf no other titlcs wcrc ori:i~~ally bestowed h deyot ic

1nr;it LIIt that which supported theni h y

collntrie> 111ey arc j i w ri\,cn, lor the satne t idrm P i n their arbitrary rule. 111 some

rcwoni, to t11Uw \rtw chert the w n c pur- poses, I I I J ~ IJV wur only, but hy CORHVYTIUN,

cnrichcd 1,s the long-continlied fhvorlr o f l'erwrns t i ~ u z , r . k d tu civll honours, thus

cotlrts, woultl willinFly derreciateall dlynity which i. deri\cd troni (;on a~ld virtue on1 r~nintlehtetl to p;rtcnts r o d Thry wuk create an artificial prcfeimce to a drstin- guiched few anlong the hlllllan rare, which nature i\ for ever -couuteracting, try givin sllpcrior atilitics to thusc ..tho are pushes down a n ~ o n g the dc5piwI and neglected many. 'This cundllct is both urijuht an& IlnnatIlral. 1t cannot bo fasourdllk tc* 11111lr:tn happiue+, because it is adverse tm trnrh, and rl<res violcncc to the will of GOD Inanlfekted in thc operations ofnaturc. In.

which hrouLht it to its termiwdtion. There Jrarlcc it was carried to that extreme

countries where courts predomilvate. The is a tendcnrg tu carry it to ertrenres in a1

fricnd Of' reason and o i Inan w i l l thercforc endeavour to convince the pcopIc, that an aristwracy, luundcd on caprice or arcident o n t ~ , yitliout,any regard to mperiur abilltirs an vlrtues, IS a fertile cause of uvr, a n d all those evils which infest a great p r t o f civil society.

That thk BEST and oblerf men should govern the worst and wrakest, is reawn- able : and this is the oristucrwy appointed

when we say the best and ablest men? by G O D antl nature. But what do we I n e m

Do we mean men of the DEBT fnmilies; that k, men in whose families riches and tifiei bave long been conspicuous ? By the ABLEST men, do we mean men who ps-

borough a i d county electicns, though the the greatest pomr, by un4ue iufluence, in

et is, the * SeeL not a Lcrrrt that hats in w n witfi their own, but a legal w n - nerion which increases their fortune. or ag.

d i m their situation. A marriage of nt an age ahcn the heart is rnost

prone to it, i5 considcred as a iblly and a misfurtune, unless it advances the man in .society. The women learn to retdiate, and to Give their I m d s without their h u r t s ; gratifywg pride at the eapeuce of love.

\\'hen truth, juqtice, reasu~~, and nature,

the D B S I I I F . of' clirtirrctiorr, \r.hich is the case a re little reS;lrded, in cornptitiorl sith

wherever t1;e spirit of de3putism hns in& nuztctl i~srl l ; ;I11 t.;w and s d d hdppiuess will Le s;!criticcd t w the crpmrmct' of SII.

and carriages, and aLtve all, in c m r t pa- ~ ~ e r i o r i ~ y in birth. in w\hcnbltm, ill lluubcs

your. 'I 'ht . tenderest tics of cunsmguiltity,

opposed to the t'urce ul' any thing which is a f h i t y , and fricndhip, wap asunder wllen

likely tu contrlbute tu perwrral splendur u r fanlily pride, p l l t i ra l consequence, intlu- enre a t cIccLwns, and finally, to t l w h o ~ ~ o u r s conferred hy ruIdltg. Tllc little a5pirallts at subortimatc tlegrccs of de>p:tti.tll, arc contI1111d1~ crawl~ng 11p the hdl, ever lorgk- ing at the Iwdliant object the s~lnlrnit, and leaving below, all tllat love and llature zcach thenl to embrace.

From tllis pril~ciplt., unnatural as it is, arises the snlious &>ire ot' ari,tocratical bigots to rnukc, as they es rek5 it, an k LI)- w r sow ; to starve, or at L i t . to di.;tress, a dozen suns and tlaugh~erc;, in order to icavc behlnd them onegreat represcntative, who m:tJ continue to toil in the pursuit of' civil prc-eminence, for tile grdtihtatiun of j i m i ( y pr id.. The pririleges of ptimogelli- ture establish petty des ts all over the land, w11u arc intcrestecrand sufficiently inclined, from pridc 11s well as interc.t, to promotc the spirit ut' despotis~n. T l q would hare no objection to the f'cudal sys-

of lords and vassals. Not elmtented with tern, in which the only distinction was that

engrossing the prspertg which uwht tu be

they claim privile es i n consequence of' shared among then brothers a.nY sisters,

their property, a n t would uppruptide the birds of the alr and the beasts of the forest for their recreation in the field, and their luxury at the table.

When the laws of nature, and etcrnal truth and justice, are violated, no wonder that despolisrn advances, and mm is de-

E,

paded.

SECTION XXYII. Un the qptnion that the People are

mnihileted or absorbed itz Parlia- me&; thut the Voice of the People + no where to be heard but in Par-

liuart; ad w riniLot J k l i r i q trulirgtodqmd.(s*Psopla t

T H E R E is no doctrine SO absurd but pido amf selfishness will adopt and nuihtiun

it with obstinacy, if it be conducive tu their gatification. Alexander, it is sakl, r c u y

Ceiars demanded ditvine honoun. Many lievcd himself a od. The vilest of the

instances are on record of wretrl~rd kings, with hardly any thing worthy of mtrn about them, furgettiltg, in consequence ot'a lit& elevation atmve others, that they were mor- tals: behavine with the wicketlness md cruelty uf devi&, and at the same timr art" gating the power and rli nity of the celestial nature. It 13 related ot'fiiuulo. the Cartha- ginian, that he kught starlings to say,

large nunlbcr had learned their leswn, he Deus Nunno ;"* and that when a very

that they would teach the wild hirrls on the turned thcln loose into the w c ~ ~ l h , lloplng

thus the divinity of' Iia1111o uright be tree5 to rcpeat the same words, and that

w;;ftctl into the remoteyt regions, and be- collie the worship of the wwerse. Such couduct appears to resemble the ravings of the Imor lunatic, who crowns himscll, as lie sits in his desolate cell, w i t h II crown of straw, and iwagincs, while he *ways a sccptre of thc s a n ~ material., that he is BD

p+ I mean those whu have all the d i s p emperor. Urlt in truth, the pride o f de+

S I I I U I I S of despots, thollph thcy may not

syn~ptolns ot' downright Irlnacy. I'ridc is hsve the dladenls, dibplays nlany of the

allorvetl tv 1l1e phybicians to h a v e a power- f i l l cffcct-in ttlrn~ng the \,rain ; and tl~ough it may not always fit the unhappy wfferer fur Retllarn, yet commonly renders hirn unfit for the ofices of' social life.

behaves in a manner which turn3 rity into Shocking as lnadness is, it sometimes

laughter. Can any thing be more ridicu- lous, than the insolenre of some persons, who having adopted hiph aribtocrrttical no-

high titles, and high rank, deciare that tions, to correspond with rheir high birth,

they know not what 15 meant by the pcople out of parliament; that they do not ac- knowledqe the litical existence of the people, but on tc benches of St. Stephen's chapel? Individuals o f low degree they may know, and employ in their service, but they know nothing of the people, 88 miilwna of MEN, possessing rights or power. The constitution (sa they) knows nothin:, of the people consiiered as individuals," Klng,

but what is meant by the People they can- lords and commons constitute the muon;

always have them Jipersed by the milk not divine. A mob they.know, and would

tary, as won as two or three are gathered

*€iarmoisaCod. I

AIXI d t ire we ti at Tnlo1sy

Jorm concerning FreDch principkr, is said of one, wb, in the C o m m c n a m t D t ofthe

(these art: the very words of t p r o w ) &I have proposed to Mr. Pox to 'ointogether

d~ LIBERTY.''. The proposer must have

g i n 4 that, assisted by onc wore, he could no small opiuion of himself, when he ima-

frmu dum the ductriner of &rrt.y. Jupiter

to di~couatcrlauce Iherty, al1d annihilate shook Olyrnpus with 8 ndd; and Burke was

the political eristence of a yeople,with a ?ROWS.

. ~ .. "

rB '' FROWXING DOWN THE D O C T R I W U

d i k e d , ahicb gave independence to A- r i i and rendered Fraoce a republic. It is said, w r y unjustly, to conbin the semi- nal principles of Mr. Paine'u matured and expanded tree. Mr. Loeke, therefore, t h e

eat defender of the Rrvulurioli and uf King g'illiarn, i- reprobated by Tory c o w e r s , and nunhrred, by Ltle aspirants at enormou~ power and ritileges to w h i h they have no Just anS nlturat claim, among +orc~ Auck!d ' s 6' tniscreuatr rulie&? p h ~ l o u t phrr6,

contrary to the conlnwn selrse and cuutmon Men who undertake to defend any thing

interwt uf' wwkind, ~r-ually hurt the side

cu,sLrtt, arrd calling firth C O I I I I ~ U I I hen.%, they intend to defend, by pronloting a db-

exclted 1J.v the eornnlon interest, to defend 11s o w l cause. T h u s Sir llubert Iilnler's book p v c : rise both to Sydney's and Locke's d~ftnrc: of Iitterty. l ' h w Mr. ihtrkr's Re- t i d o l l s on Fralrce drew furth Mr. Paine's ltights ut' Mall, in vl1ich is nluch excel-

cencurc of linlitrd monarchy. 'I'hnls Sal- lcnt matter, rninglctl with a t~lanleable

rcpublirans ot England in t l~e 1a.t century, rna\iu%'a mercrnirry invcctive cigditrst the

provuhrtl the great Milton, scarcely kss eluqut:rlt in prose than in poetry, to defend tlle ri$r o f rhe people ot' I Inyl?~~d to manage, in their ow11 country, t h m o w n cum*rns, accordin;: to thclr own jbdgmenb and ilxliuation.

hliltm and L d e are p a t rimes on the hide ut' Ji11crt.y. Ilut Rliltorl has been trcatr4 ci~nteul~tllousl!,lsly; and sowe have shew11 a spirit illiberal enough tu detract fronl hir poetry i n rcvewe for 1114 pulitics. 111s l a b t bioyrapher, 1)r. Sohnrun, who h a d

viaorolls ~ V W I I I could not to the last s u b many early prcjldices which llis most

thlr, w;ik, by e;trly prejudire, ;b violent 'i'ury and JaccJbite. 1 thulk there is reasom to helleve, tllat he would h a w t w n easily

abilities and virtues; but I cannot help re- n d t a convert to popcry. 1 vcncrate h i s

preroptive principles red him to speak less marking, that his hiph-chureh and high- +

hflnollrdl~lg of Milton than he must hare done I!' he llrd viewed him through a me- dium undiscolouretl. Milton was a oreater man t h a n Johnson ; and though I th9nk he went too f i r in his hatred tu monarchy and cpiscopaey, yet, in extenuation, let i t be c o n d e r r d how much monarchy and episcopacy had been abused in his time, and how nluch more friendly to freedom they both are in our happier a e. Milton dlsrovered a noble spirit of infependence, and his w r i h s contain some of the h e s t passages bat ever were written vindication' of civil liberty. l h e y con& luted to mise that spirit which alterwards produced our happy revolution ; and I h v e no h u b t but that Milton would haw re

joiad under (L limited monanhy. It is to writtn and to a spirit like his, mankind are int%tcd fur the limitation. If honcst pnd able minds like Milton's had not a p peared on the part of the people, it IS probable that no such thing as a limited monarch would hare been found on the fixe o f the earth; and the family now on the Uriti-h throne wuuld hare been known only in tlre petty dynacties of the German empire.

kreespiritsarc therefore to be pardoned i n some errors which the propensity of human nature t o err rnwt ever render rcnid; aud t he general tcndrncy of their wrttiugs to

ought to secure attention to their dortriurr;, make the n1a.s ot'nlnl1kind free and happy,

and honour to their names. The enetnirs to the ilirit o f deaputism have seen with pain,, h e attenlpts to lessen these great men In the ryes of tllc world estcndcd to writers of I e s rcnown, but of more recent

ptirrtrte l j r i , 2nd p h i l o q h e r ~ , wt~obe (lis- date. Thcy llare wen nwn, gaud 711etl i r h

courses xnll letters have gainrd thP noticc a n d Estrem of' every cnllghtcrletl rollntry, reprodiclled, vilified. persecuted, and idnloat destroyed, tlecatlee, in cmze tlence cf thtlt fine unrlewt,tndin~ which l a t i done so mrtch in p h i i o w p l l v , they m;dc so111e dis- coveries in polit~c; whirh mlmt f u r ever militate powerfully againct the spirit of deyatism. Voltaire, I(oussea~~, Ilaynal,

their clmrartcrs, att;linmcnrs, a11r1 ahilities, Price, I'ricstley, Kline, hoa.ever tliflerent

are all vilified togrUrer, (I)ccause thry have written atlrnirably on the sidc o f liberty,) all invol\ed in one indizcriminate torrrnt of obloquy. 'I'he parti>arls o f urlllnlitctl power would persuade Its, not only Ihat they were knaves, but fools. Sume of them have very exeeptionable passages, in their works ; hut where they treat u t m i l liberty, they plead the cause of human nature. 'They have no; pleaded it unsuc- ccssf~~lly. Puliticd artifices cannot stitle truth and common sense.

The independent part o f mankind, who detest parties and faction, and mean n o t l h g but the happiness of' their fellow- creatures, will do well to be upon their guard against the misre resentations of those who would vilify a Locke, a Milton, a Sydney. Let them read and judge for themselves. The men who are ansious to withhold or extinpish the light, may fairly be suspected of Intending to do evil.

SECTION XXlX of the Despotism Of INFLWIKCn ; While the Form of a pee Corutihction are

'J%e youth of a nation at a ce1dratJ E words of a great lawyer, instructin

P r e d

. -

rwell into kncied importance, In th meantime kt every honeat benrrolart mmr

I I ktofuuropIIp\odt)**IQL"

IO&, for (be camption of the rt.& and the

TIC.AL enomuty. It certainly contributes to ridetion of the constitution. IU a ~ L I -

the spirit of despotlsm. It naturally tends tlJ n d e all the youth in the nation, who

court favour, and not to depcnd on their d e r on this sacnd profession, look up to

own merit or exertion?, for promotion. It prevents then1 from votlnp fnvly at elrctions.

the pulp~t. Its natural tmltwcy is Lo make I t prevent& the111 from preaching freely from

then] what they ought partmlarly to avoid, adulators, wcdtily wise, yacwtical, and atreptors of nrm'r prrsuna for the sake of aclmntngr. 'I'hey Iuust know, under such a aystern, that if they vote according to con- seienw, ur preach or write according to the truth 2s i t IS in Jetus, thcy must furtyo a l l those ~ ~ O S ~ J W ~ S of' rising ill their profession.

t o every thin^ that can benefit human na- which, if merit were reaarded, an' :I ntlnrulus

turr. C'lerical men, infirm, like others, often sink undcr this tcmptatlun. Few can re- nounce great tcn~por:d advantages fbr the

neglcct. how, what n~ust be the eonsr- uhen they are surc ot pcrwcutiou BP well as

cluewx to liberty, of a whule national cltwy rendered espertmt on the favour of a court, and a proud anatocracy ? May we not hear aynin from the p d p i t , the doctr~nes ot d i v m

ductrines in e t k t under names IBS otfen- rlpht and pawve olxdience; the P a n w

tive tu the people? Have we nut latdy heard them ?

There IS no mode of promoting the pur- poses of corruptiun, and the aggrmdlzemcut of' those who already engro5.s the pomp uf grandeur, I I I C I ~ C injurious to Ilberty, and nlore vlllninously base, than that of srizing the appointments and rewards of piety and rirtucs, to bestow them nI1 those. Whose worldly widonl is their chief recolnnlenda- tion, and who src~n rcady to wowhlp God only in the serutrd place, if they w m h i p

sake O f 1J~:JlIlutKlg puhllc g(lOd, eSpCCially

him at all.

hrok-. the Humel. the Gibhonr, the Vul- The 'rindah, the Collins's, the Boling-

fairer, the Volncyq, the mirmea9rt philoso- phers of France, never did so much I n j u r y to the c4ux of Christianity, as those English ministers of state, who, while they shed the l~lood of thousands for the sake ut law, or- der and rdigiun, prostitute the church and the CL'RE OF BOCLY to the corruptton of the senate.

SECTION XXXIV. Of M r . Hume's Ideu, Thnt absolute

Monarchy is the eaaiest Death, the true Euthanasia of the Britiah Con-

F E very ingenious specuhtist. Mr. otifufion.

t&IrrWbbmswkldlle~tBspo~ Huree, roems to wi41 u weU ps think,

umllwtp18lkbm4~uw~Eop.

t d i

11 1' r: d n

t t lr

P

II

a! x f e CI a

011 7 1 ,

tul at

An.\rn. Ttle Emi of Lonrdale nominates Mr. AN-

SscrtoN XXXVJ. P~&Q/, wken not extreme, f a t . o r r m ~ e

to all Virtue, public nnd private, u r d eorrequcntly to the Happiness of bu- man nhture ; and enormous Riches, wifhottt i-irirlue, tho p m a l Bctnr.

SUPERFLUITS of richm, like superfluitv of food, cause3 bickness a r d tlehility.

Parrty, or nrediwrity of fortune, is the n u m of man- virtues; of m o h t y , industry. PO-

yovertv is od!ous. Povutp is a haggard hrirty. But in this ace, the very name of

drives them over was, into tnrrid zonm, to phantunr chat a p p l s half the world, and

discme and death ! Life itcrlf is thought by

the face of thr Alnli~hty Donor, if it is not many a gft fit t n be thrown back again into

arrompnniecl w i t h the m n ~ of luxury, thr mcans of nlakin;. a f i r / r~r~ htyond o t h m ; in a word, the means c.f indull: Ing thc qtiri t

state o f ' d c ~ p ~ml~tic;ll corrulxtion, that the qf despotism. Things are so nlnna,d, in a

honours dur only to w t u e arc' paid esclr~.

nc1it.s f(nr thr rake of indnl.rt~nce in pltasnrr, s ~ w l y to M O X R Y ; and I ~ I W 110 nant nut

or from the low of montny ~tst~lf, Trow cum-

tht-r with npdrnce, civil Ironoum, scats i n the l~ le te ntirrrr, in the h o p of ubtaluin;:, t g r s -

srn:~tt-lln~~w, and R O Y A L F~VOI'A. l'hcy h o p to nlnkr the~nsrlws vf rorrsrqmwrc t w t q l r to l ~ e con*hpted, or rat!lerpro*rharcd 1)) the date.

the lal)ourer, the nlantlfacturer, thc rdad What is thc consequence to the prop" ,

tntlcr, to poor fandies with many ctnldren,

cle]wndcnts, and all the uunwuus train of women with small patrimorlieu, annuitmts.

]wrsnns \rho arc cornpelld to live, as the comrnon phrase exprvssm it, from h o d t o ntorcth ? l h r i r w i n < vr nwam arc jx td , and l)y no mcans I%, with the rising price of

for richrs, the necewries of lif? hecnnle ntvesarics. But, inconwqmma of this rage

nut only dearer, hut wone in uality ; lcss nourishmp, lesscommndiuus, anc?les durable.

possihle rstent ; each determining to make I ,md/or& raise their rents to the utmost

his rent-roll as respectahle m some opulent nrighbour, favoured by a lord lieutenant f<JK

farms in l~ttle portions, to poor industrious his IRFLI'ESCE. They will not Ict their

tenants ; but to sonle orrry~~ouw moaopo-

as the (andlord himself; seeing that as he ti:er, who is in as much haste to grow rich

becomes rich hc k o r n e j a man of POZISC.

esquires, but even lords, take notice of him qtmace in the county, and that not only

at the approach of a general election. He is a crholerale fanner, and a-ill breed but few of

for his own famil consumption. H& e h i l the animals of the farm-yard, and those on1

dren are too prod to "ry the productions of the hen-roost or dauy to the market, Ne

SEcrlos XXXVlI . On t h e nuturn/ Tmdency .f making

Jlrrigrs and Crown Lnwyws, Prers ; uf t rn , ls la t i l lg Bishctp,s n d U I I W ~ .

irlg PrrljPrlnenlr lo Bishopricks, in, z L h d i s crrlied, c o ~ ~ ~ r n o ~ d a n ~ .

IF thrrc is any part of the constitution of England, i n the praise o f which eloquence

out entrenching upon the confines of truth nlay employ her most glowing colours, with-

it is the J E ~ I C I A L part of It. The puritv of

any country which the sun i1lt:minates in hi5 public justice i n England is unequalled in

diurnal Frogrts. The reason is obvious. The r trdiet is given by juries of men usually beyond the reach o f conuption. KO minis- terial influence can descend to all the indivi- duals, in middle and humble life, who may be called upon to sit in judgment, and ulti- mately decide, 85 jwm, ou the propty, the fame, and the life, of their fenor-citiw~ We have lately had a most glorious instance

thra most important office, The d & 8 , of the virtue of private citizens, exercising

given in the date hiatg in one thousand

seven bunched and ninety four, do mort liovour to the Bntiah chamtcr, than a l l the military exploits in the wig- OF hrgc the Third. Such wrdlcts nuke our constitution truly en\&& to th tio on^ of Europe. Twelve honest men, on each of thcse trials, proved to the wodd, that no power, no au- thority, no terror, w t even the factitious mge of‘ arktocratical princi la, which had bcvn artfdly firsteul, cod1 lead them to

frared God, but trot tnan ; and posteritv will swerve frum tile right Line of justice. Thrv

honour them, uhen the nmws of ;uLtie

t ~ v e authority, if mentioned at all, shall be politicians, clothed w i t h a IJrief, Ltrt 1ua“

wrved by a zealous m d honest advocate on ~u~ntiuncci with detL%tation. It is well ob-

the caw, wlwn it was bruugllt from the the occasion, t h d hc could not drcpair of

corrupt to the uncumlpt p t uf the constitu- tion. The days ot’arquittd wtw thcjubllcrs of truth, tile triun~phs o f virtue ; and, in a time of dejection, revivcul the h q e s of pa- triotism and p l u l m t l ~ r ~ ~ p y .

tLnnmat~ou uf thc cause, but fvclulg the (!Oic*ial judger, not having the final de-

check of the J U R I E S , conn~~only conduct tllenwlvcs, even in s t u t e h u h , with some d t v e e of carldour and mc~dcration. Indecd,

this officc, iu uur timct, whose tried integrity we are so 1l:rppy as to see men appointed to

thus w1sl.1~ checked, t lwy woul~l, with J;w Kivcs rtason to \Jc.lievc, that. if they w m nut

exceptions, preserve imparthlrty. Xeverthtless, though lnucli has Iwen mid

on the independence of judges, and though great praise is due to our kinc, who placed them in their offices for I:fe, and not removc- able at Ius ple3surc. yet it must be confmed, that there stdl renlain tcnlptaticrns, whlch mght hnvegeat influenceonmen le% virtuous than our yrrwnt judges are. It is observed, that PEERAGES, in modern time, have k e n Lxatowed. with peculiar bounty, on lawyen ; and some have ventured to say, that the expectation of this splendid reward may frustrate all endeavours to wcure, espec~ally in date rrialr, the rfect independence of the judges who presg. It is not enough that they do not f a r rnnoool from their CkpfIed office. Their Iwped may influence, more than theirfears. They may hope to add to opulence the & p i t y of famil distinction, escutcheons, coronets, and h d t a r y seats in the legrslature. If themselves have seen t o o much of the vanity and folly of worldly pomp to admire it, (which, however, is not often the case with men who may be great lawyers, without any philosophy or religion)

datives, and friends, to whom the splendour yet they may have sons, mves, daughters,

merit.) md& in t he .kk t demee. A of lie, (ru t have pogplbly, &le mi’id

guise the truth or pervert the law, but oh- quiody to srek miniatd famur.

w ~ ~ . ~ p t v X J ~ are kvirbed on lawyea b b in placc, it is a cirrunrdana v i e w 4 wth some d e g m of j”luusy by thoat! who we willing to guard cuaPtitutional liberty with unwinking vigihnce. Perhaps it *ht atPo& satdaction to such n~~n, if judger were by law rxrluduf from all htghgher eleve. tiou; if t h e y were indeed a~mt amply @d and IlloSt respzctfully r c v d ; but, for {la sake of prewnting the psaibility of Y wrong

most intimately co~lcerntul, ~ ‘ e r e prevented Lias, where tile lnppintrs of the pe~ple is

from viewing a twillimt dazzling coronet, suspended BS thcir r ~ ~ a r d , over t l ~ e scales of Justice.

But here an objector will urge, with wn. ous solicitude, that, as the I lou . . of Lords jp

court of appeal from every cot~rf in tht-king. a court of‘ judicitturc, in the last resort, a

dum, rt is nwewry that it should Ix. well supplid with lawyem of enlinenre.

On this sulijcct Mr. PALEY says: “There

thr House of Lords ; in the education, ha- appews to be nothmg In the conutitrltion of

l ~ ~ t s , character, or profwinns of the 111en1- ‘LNTS a.ho cunipose it ; in the mode of their appointment, or the right by whic*h they succ~ad to thcir places in it, tllat should

prrhups, that the elcvatton o f their mnk qllalit‘y them fur their mluous office; except

and fortune aflurds a strurity against the otter and influence of L M A L L h i h . ofi- cers of the arnry and navy, courtiers, eccle- siastics ; young men who have just attained the nge of twenty-onc, and WII~J llave passed their youth in the dissipation and pur. suits which comn~unly accompany the pas- semion or inheritance of KrvAt fortuna; country pentlemeu. occupitd ~n the m m a p ment of their estates, or in the care of their domestic concerns and family interestu; the

their a : a t i w , that IF, plilced in it by CnEATPR part of the assembly lo,r to

peerage for service and from motlveu uttvrly CHAICE; most of the rest advanced to the

unconnected with ltrd wndition ;- there men compose the tribunal to which the con- stitution entrusts the interpretation of hw laws. and the ultimate decision of every & pute between her subjects!”

of the H o w of Lords, the H e v e r v n d b - Prom this uery d e p d i a g r e p m b

deacon proceeds to justify the practice of

eminent and experienced buyem in the constantly placing in it, some of the mort

propriety have argued against rendenhg one kingdom. He would, I think. with

a i m e d b t h to d e and executa the h part of the kggirl.twe acourt of justice, d e

pldceedhrg, that 4 tem$&na whatever

bympa bemga, sittin in t h e seat of judg- dmdd be removed from the a@ of frail

msat, which rrmg fkd them to rourt the hvour of ruling powen at the np1,e of jurtice, It is not YONEY alone which Bnlucs. Title and m k have mom influ- ence on the mivenal passion, runit.y; a- rpecially when uvarice has k n already p- UAed with ample selaria and emokunentv of I lwrative profession.

The consideration of the pouible rewards whrrh m y diminidh 111e mrlependmce of +.pa, naturally leads tn the connideration of thore which may r r r w a l i t r the birhupr, and injure the NW of religion, for whirh &me m p w o p r y itself could tr rstaMishrd.

I nhall uw the authonty and words of Dr. But, ad this b 8 mlqect of some dellracy,

Watson, the resent Bkhop o f /Janduf# who, having & w in tlrc rnlnority at t le time he wrote u p n it, veuturcd to 9 p m k the aA& truth, with tlrat freedom alljrh IP- romer an hontd man in every rank, md is p r t d s r i y expected from a Clrrktian blshop.

1 6 1 know," wys Ilishop Watson, That

offetided, at the w r m w of the bisho not m n v will he rtsrtled, I beg them not to be

being independent In tht. lfouse of K r d s ; and it would I n . a ~ y cnough to wmve a

enough to cover nnd protect the conduct of k ~ & ~ l robrcb , hge enough and strong

of thcee who ddikr episcxqwy. T h s the Night Reverend Bench from the attacks

above my aldity t o cradicatc h m the I my, would be an easy t s k ; b u t it is far

Lap PI well attached to the church e ta - miuds of o h m (who am, notwithstand-

THE PBOSPECT OF BEIN(? TRANSLATED Idtahmentas o u ~ l v ~ ~ , ~ a auwlclne THAT

powerhlly, and induces them to pay too inJwawr tAr cni~lda of the BIBHOPS too

, gsuspicion, whether well or 111 fwnded, t an attention to thc BLrIi of a mini*trr.

is dimpwtabic fo o n nrdtr ; and whnt i4

a g that pod which we otherwise might of ronmpcncr, it hinden us from

pJmpki in concerning ~ r , will nccuse US of do ; for the laity, while they entertain such

avarire and ambition, of making a pin of

@cs for !he dance O f a TRANSLATION. gdlirrart, of dartcring the d i p i t y t$ OM

u instad then," weeds the bishop, of #&&g Ond dgputing against (he extstence of r i d & f f J i @ m r e o w ua or &mi- *md R(0rtme: ttiepetulsace of those .* locure UI on that Pccwnt let us en. d u m t o remove the evil; or, if' i t m u t .tJkdduedUmtthir dbu mpnsl

dispard to &h f a traaslatiok; and con-

011 well as in reality, be ISDEPLWDENT. wquently the b s h v would, in uppnmnce,

But, m rendering the bishops indepen- dent, you will reduce the wer of the c r o m in the H o w of Lox4 do- not n m n to deny this charge; nay, I am wil-

ence o f the crooap, whm exerted by the ling to admit it in its full extent.-The mflu.

king, is B circumstance so far from beiig to cabinet over the public counvUors of the

be wished I I V his true friends, that it is as dangerous to'thc real interests and honour of the crown ibelf, as i t is odious to the people, and DESTHCCTIVE OF P ~ B L I C LIRERTY.

nirlpr in his plnce, rontrnty to the sense of It nlay contribute to keep a prime mi-

fhe wised nnd b ~ a t p a r t (g 'thr mrnm~mi/y;

unacquainted wi th his people's nlsheo, but It may contrlllrttg to keep the king hims&

it cannot do the kmg o r the state ~ J I Y wr- rice. To nnintain the contrary is to satirize h i . majesty's Fovernnwnt ; i t is to insinuate, that his views and interests a re so dispined frum thnw vf his people, that they cannot be effectustcd by the uni@enced conrw- renre nf honest men.

1,ishny~ k i n g rendertd ind~y~lldrrrt i n the 1' 1 cannot d m i t the circumstance of the

Houseof Lords, RS any real ohjection to the plan proposed; on the cuntmry, I think it a very stroug argument in its favour; so strong a one that, if there was no. other. it would be suthricnt to sanctily the mea- sure."

purpose of corrupting the Irpidature, is an l h c corruption of the rhurrh for the

otfence far more injurious to t he general happinew of mankind and the interests of a Chnsban communltv, than any of those which have banishedthe vKenders to Botany Bav, or cnnfined them for yean wiithn the

rupton and tRe corrupted, in this case, are w a h of the rison-howe. Both the cor-

more in'uriouo to Christianity than all the trihes o/ sceptics and infidels ; than Tindal, Toland, Bolingbroke, Hum, lloujseau, Vol-

not read them, and perhaps could scarcely hire, and Gibhon. The rorntn0n propfedo

curdcrrtnnd them. But the common people do read the newspapers daily, and see the name^ aud qualities of those who divide in the senate-house, on questions of the last importance They must therefore entertain a SUBPICION, IU the Bishop of Llandaff ex- presses it, that religion itpdf, 89 well 89 its

a miaista. They must naturally c o d e r c d t y re. doubly b e , when clothed in tbe rnnctjfied mbes of rebgion. What has happened in France, in consqueace of the comrptions of the church by the state, ought to a dnkinq admonition.

of LIVISG BrsHoPs in favour of Christianity, I wish to point out. in these timer. wn'tinyr

hecause they would be opposed with the

IIFIDELS. But, to tllereproachof my Kant best @ace against the writings of LIVING

of intelligencr, I know not the names of the majority, till I find them in the C O ~ R T CA-

ncujml'ty, I cdnrlot find, either in the shops LESD.4R. The printed works of even this

or the Ibrarws: the few I do find, even of the nrinon'lg, are not adapted lo the wrtuts of the people a t largc. Their occasiu7anf sermons, after they have sewed their da become, like alrnanacs. out of date : a cof

as edifying and uore entertaining tu the niul- lrction uf oltlconr't calendars would be nearly

t1tudc. It is iodecd certain, that the archiepis-

copal mitrcs received wore lustre than they gave, from the sermons of Dr. Tillotson and

place the remmnsof L I V I X G hac1in1~1ia~s Dr. Sucker. It would give m e pleasure 10

b y theirside; and I wuuld luention them had tiley come tu nly kuoalrdge. Thc sermons, however, of the few living bishops ~ h o are know11 at all to the P U B L I C will, 1 hope, prove to nlankind, that sonle among the bishops, in this happy isle, do uot think it a sufficient re- turn for princely revenues, to rote ultcnys with a minister, or to incrtase, with lawn sleeves, the pageantry of abirth-day. TO perform the ocwioual duties of ordination, confirmation, and visitation, cannot satisfy the minds of men

Durham, Wlhctll.:sTk:It, York, or Canter- who receive the honours and emoluments of

Lgrv. 'J'hat it is su, 13 happy; for if ever the preiaticttl clergy shodd l e SCSPECTED of

for instauce, they should ever be supposed so becoming merely ministerial instruments ; if,

far secularized, as to concede to the minister that made them bishops, the right of nomi- nating to all the most valuable preferments in their gift, in order to enable him the better to corrupt that parlianlent in which themselves also have eogaged to give a YEKAI. VOTE; from that time, they wouldcontribute more to the downfall of the church, than all the

late k n g of Pnrssia, to the American Repub- writings of all the unbelievers, from Frederic,

in a orivate roan. who pays a fair price for a limn,' Thomas Paine. The sin of rinony

encounge merit only, d to prevent W very comption which he fead. and cbatisha, to gratify his own sordid avarice and chiidid vanity.

The bishops, in their charges, are noy sound- ing sp alarm. They very justly rffum, &&

They aioely urge the INFERIOR cl the & m e of Christianity is now in danger.

most vigilant activity. Thus fsr%:z tainly do honour to the episcopal function. But still, while the public S U I I P B ~ the, twe k a t s o u say's. at the berk of the mirtufcr, t&ey

ossibility of the bench b e i n g , as B&o$

will consider all this zeal as litlle betkr than that of Demctrius, who made silver shrinm for Diana.

When indeed we add to the probable effect of tra~ukatiuns from a })oorer to a richer buhopric, the holding of rich ylrrrulitirr with brslloprics, under the name of COY- m s I ) A Y s , it is difficult not to think with Bishop Watson, that episcopal indepcndeace is endangered, and that we must look rather in ratlreclrals, than in the House of Lords, for episcopal integrity. Conscientious diasentem are shocked, and libertines and infidels k t ~ ~ k , when they view the bench, as if they were spectators of a solemn mummery, or a mock- heroic farce. All this dangcr, ofince, and reproach, might possibly be prevented, if

prohlbited. trunrlntions and cumltt~eltdnrru were utterly

But, setti aside the effect of tramlatiow and c o m r n e 8 m s on the state of religion, let us seriously consider them as they operate on the increase of prerogative and the spirit of

those who have attained mitres, but a nu- despotism. These things influence not only

merous tribe of expectants; and t h w expec- tants POSSESS THE EAB OFTHE PEOPLE. b

the pulpltwdl not, under these circumstancesr, i t reasonable to suppose that the dodrines of

he fashioned to the inclinations of the minister? What can contribute more to dif- fuse thesyirit of despotism than the employ. ment of many thousand pulpits, at least once in each week, in obliquely preachi doc- trines, that favour i t s prevalence, u&r tbe rawt ion of DIVIWE AU1'HORlTV?

Thui all Opposition to thespi t i t of Der. poliam should be conducted v i l h the moat ecrupulaucl Regard t o the exis t ing Laws, a n d to t he .P re semdwn .of public P e a c e a n d good Or&.

q'HE frailty of human nature is one of t b

SECTlOS XxXvIII .

w ~ ~ ~ 4 w a ~ b e k a t i ? o d w d dedm of aczpiog U] m e r . Thus thqd- iag is to 5 ovoided ; and indeed multitudes hsloa of daydkm, and tbe love of I~berty. of tbe &meat of the people M: not to be both of them rational and laudable, have led wantonly convened. Witbout in the feast fanny to factiuuc and violent conduct, which impeaclug their rehth it rnwt be d l o w d milk th. ~ccppiun justified, nor prudence that their passions are too violent when woutdp.mjrifutely adopt, even if the occa- heated by collision with each other, and tion mlght a p p w t o juh fy them. their judgnmts too weak. when not previ- ' From faction and violence in the cause of o d y informed by reading and educatlun, to

give advantage to the favoumrs of art i trq out authorisld guides, and without strict re- liberty, rhicb disgrace the c ~ u w itself, and act wisely when met in a large body, with-

power, I mo1t slCriow1.y diuuude all w hu love ylation. A man who is a sincere pairiot, mankind and tllcir country. Faction und and not a mere dwnagugue for s l n i s t ~ pur- v i o l e m am despotic in the cstrcrne. They poses, will be Cautious of amembl' w a g dl tbe evils of t ranny, wittlout any of the lowat of the peu le. b2 m m k t i o n , but thdt t Key are usually t rm- Gordon*sunfortuaate conBuct h a s lrfta lasting 8ieat; whereas tyranny is durable. They Immn. He, 1 firmly believe. in teodd none

in thc tlands of a superior power. In eitlrcr my to the wavm of a troubltd sca, *' thus far datruy Uwmwlvea, or are ddroyed by furro of that ndsrhief which ensued ; but who 13211

because !he persons who have hcru betrayed have already comrncnted on, the advantage caw, much Is Iart tu the cause of liberty; shall ye go, and no farther? " 1 know, and

by [heir yanalonn into exci?ISt'z, wen! prubabi tJken from t h f m rk t s by the friend8 of high rtnwre; and if thry had h*en also dirtrert a n i prcroiyative doctrinw, tor d13praging the

as zcdous pron~otrnof the public p o d . I t is certainly had no ~ ' I I I I C C ~ ~ J I In the^^^. modemk, would have twren ctli:ctu;ll as well people at large, notwithatantllng the people

certain thuf very honLrt nwn arc wry apt to Though decidedly a f r i d to the reform

tcmpr. They mean good, and do i l l . They with !he Dukr of Itichnlond in the proprlety be bctmyrd iuto violeuce by their u a n t h of of the Houe of Commons, I cannot agree

kmvw; ~d are often led into cxtravaspnces f x d y L'topian. Sir Thonlas More never beco~tte the imtniruwts of dispa?rslonate of univenal sufrdge. I think his idea per-

by the very party agaiust rhonr they act, in rrute any thing more visionary in his cele- order that thcy may !x exposed, and becomc brated fiction ; Sir Kolxrt Ftlmer nothlug obnoxiour to censurc.

Wudom io geutlv, delilwmte, cautious. suffnp, 1 fear, would m u s e u n i v e d con- nlore adverse t o red liberty. lioiverval

Nothing violwt is durable. f hope the lovers fusion : and the friends of nlankind would of lilrrty w11l xfww the p f n w i t y of their be inclined to fly for temporary refuge even attachment by the wiadoru of thcir conduct. to the throne of a DESPOT. I'emns in a Tumultuary ymct:dnlp ulwvtlys exhibit some state of sercitrrrle conld never beexpected to

nre of insanity. A h l v s struck give a free vote; and vsptwnds and pou- % t K n d violence may inflict a round or pen would use their librrty f . r n cloke of a bruise, but i t may fall in the wrong plact.; tnnliciorwes~. I wish the right of sntfkge

ita own i l l - d i r s t d forcv. it may even injuw the hmd that gives it, by to be extended na j n r ns it po.?aibly can,

without endangcring yuhlic owlar and Miur king u rtmscloalk rrcature, will al- tranquillity; but ~ V ~ I W M Ignerance and

& p&ms to cud, aud &it fur the tnolUa tnlsted with a p o w r which both rcquwes ways sobruit to KeQSun, i f YOU give time for csfrhnf penury calulot with prudcnce be

&l*pora/ctwfi, the proper, upprturutics of knntrledge and ronrnlarlds propcrfy.

of -kind, may be corrupted hy views of upon this point, 1 thiuk it certain, that de- pddnrrpiog him A FEW, m thr great mass Bnt whatevrr pohticians may determine

interest, b a p e t a t i o n s of yrefernlent, bv bates trpon it cannot he held in very large bribes, aril by title% But there are not re: asseml)lia, into which, not only the lowest w d enough ot this kind to corrupt the but the rilest of mankind urc allowed ad- whale body of any people. The mat body mission, and all the privileges of counsellors, of !he pet) IC wili follow that which appeus de mmmu rennn. on matters of the khat

o h t l y I ' before &em, snd left lor their iatjng law, and disturbing that order wluch to &$, and just, and true. Let it be importance, without extreme danger of VIO-

d m conaicierotioo. If it should so happen, is newsay to comfort and security.

+ it, after undermtandq it, and duly consultation on this omt. and all pomb which ic very unlikely, that they ahould uot I wish therefore, that all preliminary

laRtetheenoroftheirwa rctghing ita importance, then !hey must be l i e thi\ may he con&cted by codffn , by &, /ceipJetw. If ET win be mnsiderabletime maybe elloved to coolaU

dw vult appeafs to RPVJ~ in the eloret, ood &t a

Wuded. tbey must he so. Force cannot intemperate heata; and give fok'ditg to mrterinIa,of the i o e e d e d repair. At captjr ?D&iUgSOr~lWOWkIlUL~tL. cM1poweriWIhrmfbut..mtkri- ~,TbOMo(tb~brbopldk

a t%Fwd##*&&". t)mn,mdrboan~dmpl~bb .&.kgtbim. l lg&b p d O S l : - ~ A ? I

plaftm. &t IW itearutv open bbdirine commib BELIEVZD IW m u 1 In modrm times cbs

crpc~lraay after d i n g the histories ot' the sons of f&n aod distinction 'om a n t e - sim. l%e words am v m Mnfortable, questm would have hecn, Have my per-

k ~ " who have b m i d mankind with m c c to him! Does my lo&r my lady

knrrth chapter of St. Luke. t ir rods of iron, We hnd them in the - o r Sir Harry go to hear him preach ?-

u A d rhme tpm d e k c d unlo him thu -Such is the lanysge of t h sptrit of Or is he eoolclady whom nobody knows?

qmd I l k bd, k jawad tk p k e cabercia GlEE IIL'NDULD YEARB elapsed, in cba- W ofthe propkt F u i c r r ; and whn he had des tkm, in all times and countries.

it (WI w i l t e n : ecquence of thew pre~udices, before the THE R P I R I T nF THE Loan 1s UPON gospcI was rCCognued and received a t

MR, BECALW H E MATH APPOINTED Y E TO COURT. Aad I .am sorry to say that the rnmcH T H E QOSPEL TO T H E POOH : H E COORT soon corrupted its simplkity. me HATH ILNT Y E TO HeAL T H E BnoYEW- pride of life, always prevalent among t h o s e n E * R w . D , TO PREACH D E L I V E R A S C O TO who assume to themsrlves good thin 3 THE CAPTIVF.X, A N D RECOVERY OF WOHT enough tu support and comfort thousnnjci TO T H O B L I N D ; TO SET A T u u m w T H E Y of itdividrlals equally deserving, muld

To P n u c n Z U T ACCIPTABLE YeAn or Pivoured liberty and equality. I t therefore

And he c l o d the bok. and 11e gave power and grandeur; and the poor, with seduced the Christians to a participation of

ttle eyer ofal\ then1 that werc it1 the s p a - most s p ? e n t ~ periods of cccRs~stica~ rw- it again to the nlioistcr, aud sat d w n , arid their r i 4 t s , were often for-otten, in the

g a p e wcrc firtrnrli on him. Many nominal Christians !~aw "And he h g a n to ?lay unto thcm, This ~ ~ y a n d are as aristocratical as Ilerod and

day iB the scripture fulfrlfetl in your ears. the chief priests and pharisees of Judea. '' And all bore him witncss, and wonder- But the authority of Jews Christ him-

ed at tllc gracious words which proceeded self must have more weight with Chris- out of his r n u u t h : and they said, Is NOT tians, than all the pomp and parade of the m l s Jmt~n's SON ?" mcmt abwlute despots in Europe, at the

-And won at'trr, "All they in the syna- head of tlm finest troops in the universe. go e were fillud with wrath,antl rose up, Iie taught us, when we my, to say, Our ol%hiat hiin out of Iht. city, an0 led him Futhcr. Thisalone is sukclcnt tuestablisl;, unto thc b r m d 111c hill, (whereon their on an immoveable basis, the equality of' city wan t ~ u i l t , ) that they might cabt him human kings. All arc bound to call upon down headlong "

Thus their Arirtorrufiwl prcjudiccs pre- Christians ; and, a9 there are no rights of and consider God as their Father, ifthey are

vailed OWT the fint strong feelings,of grati- p l o g e n i t u r e in Heaven, all are equal tude and pram The spirit uf' arlstwracy mthers and sisters, roieirs, if they do

displayed I t s e l f here in its enuinc colours ; not forfeit their hopes, of a blessed immor- in pridr, cruclt and viuyeuce. hinny of tslitp. Hut these are doctrines which the the scribes (the l;)wyery) and phariwes were p e a t and proud cannot admit This world

60013 pmaild UII the people to begpr, the servant, the slave, should be bly in the s p a cxue, &:id thcir in- IS theirs, and they catmot bear that the

&hew their impotent malice a mst their then equal. We can hardly suppose, in teat f+ml and twwfactur. R all er: imagination the ~mpress of Itussi~, the somethlo of the same kind is observs le King of Pmssia, the Em ror of Germany, Tile p 1 8 supporters of tyrannv, in which or any rundw with a r i k d , a garter, or they h g e to mrartclke, have d ~ ~ p used a star, fneeling down, and from his heart false ~larms, Lse , crmning~y-cow &norledgin in llis p r o p , a poor p+ t w n" a n f T a t c h w o d s , to set vate in a regiment, a poor wretch

tbc untbiikiry y p l e aiminst those mho in the workhouse, or the 5ervant bat riJes

rere promoting t etr greatest &. behind llis carriage, a +fht-r. So void of When Christ began to pch, w e d , m n and religion IS a por helpless

in tbe mmth chapter of St. L I ~ , that the mortal, when drest in a little brief aurho.

tbs 6cdm w#l& harisees r&clcd the be -pled under foot bv them equal; a mhiht!ie and the ullicans heard him ; but rity by the folly of those who, sulmit to

-1ofGod tol)& &em. l'hey, l ike man born of a woman, like tbemsel~~~, dl pwym of similar t e m p and rank, d, doomed like themselves, aflerstntwng '- by dmcs, could wt lar in- anthestageafewperm,tothegnue. Our I*l*tmm

A M 7 01 T€iS i V L l i R S &ID TSB P . A U 8 L . I )

THAT ARE BRI'ISED ; never brook the doctrines of Christ, which

THE h r D .

=-mRWveumentrhegd rrsacnrentofphrlaopby,fmlucptlg~ S V h , ripb8 Wisdwn fu h dl&

2 h T h t h u M # & p t & ~ & ~ d B h i & f . BI

the r e d pre-cmln- of VirtlM. pnss dl mrka m fitrow of truth,. lib, favour those w~ro burp an UnMNrd and clvsses of t l e p p i e , w o u ~ . i f h y E

nmtah, (0': the sake of gratifiing their own nlnetpfive gean ap, have joined wi& the unrezwnialle power over their fellow- l iy l aboutone a w d smm h u n d n d d

sellis11 vlinlty and avarice?. Let US hear hkh pricrt, and rulers to mxfi Jaws them.

St. Paul, in the 6nt chapter of tke Fint ~ c c u t e d him for sedition and high-. CUUIIT. They would haw prosecuted md

Epiatle tu the Corinthians, sa You see Gley would have despised and re'ectd your calling, brethren, how d% not many friend of Laun~s; and taken d e part of wise men after the flesh, (worldiywise DIvca, even in Ilell. The spirit ofpride is

are c d l l e t l . " men,) not many mighty, wt N ~ Y sOQL of the devil, and thuso who are actuatd by

that spirit, in a11 their conpct , would bave In the second chapter of the Epistle of fallen down ar~d w o n h ~ p him, if hs

St. Junes, we read, would have put them on I /? e pinnacle of

world to be heirs of his kqgl I" To d o m ofthe word, and the glory of then;. Ilw not God chosen the r of this the tem le, and romi .4 them the king-

which is added,

name by which ye are c a l l e d . These p s s q e s aflord a very strong ar- The PriLk which produma the Spirit

Kristian religion, for tllev contain the very To,,,btm. It might le &e&d w& doctrines which were foretold several totar ~ , , ~ ~ d , if it did not td to th hundred years before the appearance of Chris tk i ty . ISAI,*H, in his twenty-ninth ( h r r g s i M 1 Cf the Pwrf and to '" cbapter, spaking of' the gospel, and i b aht-d alrd Plunder. doctrines and effects, expressly says, EATB is the greot teacher and ccnsor

" The neck bhdl l incrcax llreir joy in of h m a n u n i t y ; but men death the Lord; and the POOR A M O K O Y E N cannoi repress the pride of a r i 5 t o e ~ y , o r SHALL REJOICE I N T H E HOLY ONE OF the insolence of rchen, cntl(:avourlng to ISRAEL." make wealth and gmnderIr triumph over

The inference I would draw from all that the law of nature, and outshine others

the p r , that is, the great majurity of man- look into the churclles and church-yards, has preceded, is, that the middle ranks and even from the coffiu and the grave. If we

gospe!, not only for its religious, but also honoured with the nrost llld ificent mo- kind, should place a due value on h e we see the most insignificant of mankind

~b C I V I ~ and political advantages. It is the numents of marlde, the prou%t trophies, G R A N D CHARTER O F T H E I R FREEDOM, s c u l p t u ~ d urns, a flatterillg inscription, their independence, their equality. All the and a gilded lie. ' 1 '1~ walls of the same subtilty o i lawyers, a l l thc sophistry of mi- tuary are hung with buners, escutcheons, nisterial orators, all the power of all the helmets, and spurs, which dlsplay the e l n p despots and aristocrats in the world, cannot tiness of that pre-eminence which they Wlhi la te RIGHTS, @en, indeed, by Nu- are intended tu enlblazon. 'I'he pour botly,

The words already cited are too clear und ruodderiug in the valdt; and give it but u ture, but plainly conbrtlled by the tiorpel. which all this paint and finery attcnds, lies

C Y R ~ ~ T came to put an end to unjust in- gaudy si ht, " i'anity OF vanities! Mock explicit to admitot'miscoustnrction. JESUS tongue to speak, would exclaim, ut the

equality in this world, while he revealed the I I O ~ m kmiliated condition with the con-

fmln tr&ding, and the mary me a( rert. 0 fect from e pat11 of r e a m and ha pines, prospect of another, where the w k k d cease temptitle r g t a n t r y that misguided my

y a " ~ as m psrt with your gospel. Pre- meam of bemg honourably dibtinguishd ye people, give not the tyrautr such an ad- during my tnurtal existence." ' d e on1

v e rt , watch over it, as the pearl of great is to promote most effcctudy the general

kturefelicity. Other Herods, other Ne- private good in ublic beneficence. nce. It is your wurity for present and haepineas of human nature, and to raL

arise, who will rejoice to Bee you vo. me s p i t of depotism remar3tably l-tarity r m m w syskm which milibtee visible in the mawoleurn. Them are famt- W t their weal d e ; rejoice to ~ e e lies who seem to think that h e i r precioua you give up that which dl the ppxu l ion bones be contambawd, well if b, of the ancient H e r d and Neros ID. v u a t tempted to abolish b shedding bid; H That rctk a wnan gmdrr fer B WORD."

l w i t a p , b e ! e + on rumdis- ISAAAU uir. %I*

a b s d t b a m i ~ O f r k h c s . o d g m a , d p ~ b t ~ w b o c n d ~ v o u r t ~ u p

And what pay t h e aport&? Do they md the hap inesa of the middle aad

'' The R I C H HEN blasphem, that worthy 6 8 C T l O N XL.

ment of the truth and d imi ty ut the Dqotiam T i c u w r et.en 011

tro <Irrrcm-w-

ca iuni r ia which it suffbq from tho follies, obscurity, dm his mother hd brougbt hip Mtpkts, and md-admhstrntton of those into a world of woel without means of cam- tha t “uo?pe it.” fort or support, w ~ t h lrttle other pros w h It a c a r r ~ b ~ r tittle the most to u r wihout ceadlng to i$ w d gnenuncnta b v a been &le o r in- those who nevcr injured him, and to die CM to p e n t the greatest calamlty of prematurely, unknown, and unlamented. the world, the frequent rscorrecce of WAR, All his wretchedness hus been agravated it u natud to conclude, that h e r e has by the inrufds of unfeelin pride; the nrg- k e n s o m e r a d i c a l defect or error in a11 l ed 01’ aristocratic grankur, which, un- government, hitherto institutcd on the face der the spirit of despotism, mocked by of &e ea~th. Yiolcwc may be used where the false p emtry of lfe, those who were tbare is no government. Governments doomed to?eel its r d misery. The vain r t e n d to direct human da in by rearan ; m p and glory of the world, held out the

ciation of all that refiues and inlproves itself contributed to crwte, and would nGt t war ia a duelickion of reason, a renun- E p r of scorn to that wretchedness whlch

hums nature, and an a p p s l to hrute relieve. , rim. Man deseends from the heighu to Three wore yruts and fen, antl those often

rrixd him in society; takes L e sword, and E dce allotted to the life of man in a veuer- which philosophers ami k islators hat1 full of laboui and sorrow, constitute the

o u r p w m the k s t c i of the forest in ferocltg. 3 l e volurne, fttl l ol‘ beauty as well as in- Yet, w far from thinking himself culpable, stnlction, and worthy of great attention in- he deems his destructive employment the dependently of the high authority attributed mwt honourable of all human WGU tions, to it by the religion established by the laws Im~se pveruments have pliticrt;8y mu- of this country. Few antl evil are our t r ivcd to throw a glossy mmtle covered days, even wheu they proceed to their na- with tinsel and spangles, over the horrors sf turd extent, and are attended with the bbodahed and devsrtation. If governments, wmmon portion of health and pros crity.

wunted arts and .9cienceJ, all b e rnyste- ness were lavished on men, the ch id busi- with all their riches md power, all their Yet, as if a tupt’pui?y of years and [appi-

r i i policy of d i e t s , all the wisdom and ness of the greatest part of governments on eloguenca of delibemting senates, are WIP thu wl~ole earth has been to abbreviate life,

temtpted, dunng the short spcr of twenty sures, and add new ungency to its anguidh. b& to p’cgerve the blctring oj‘ pcwe, unin- to poiwn and embitter its sweetest plea-

VEUS together, they must be dreadfully Yet see the fdse getter of‘ happiness, the

odmmistration. In what consists the fault ? assume; observe the gravity and insolence twlp either in their constitution or their pomp and p 4 e which such governments

I tbink in the selfish spirit of despotism, of superiority which their ministers, their pursuing the d i d or wn-glorious pur- statesmen, and their warriors, assume, and

pwer, ot the governors, with little ~ r d to you would imagine them a ccrnmissioned

tho r e d , substantial eppiness of e regency, lard-licutenants sent by Hbven earned. Despotism, UI some nmle or x to rule this lower world, and to rectily all

~w has trausformed the slrepltyisof the disorders which had escaped the vigilance

fleaces, shed the bkmd of the iunoriws ani- they have actually claimed the title of God’s into wolves; hos upproprlated the of Gle Deity. The time hiis been when

ds, tore down tbe fences of the s h e e p vicegerents, and have been l i t e d i y wor- fdd, aod laid a u t e rhe pasture. shipped as gods by the mile crew of

butsci pqmrty no quitably., as that none to despotism from &e erect port of native dig- W h i s th government that hu di~tri- courtiers ; ruen raddly bowed down by

wbom exutma h.s bqen g v m &odd want nity, and driven by fear to @ der Lhs actwmria of e x ” ; and where the most de ing of all wpers~trun, the help+ age .ad infirmity, M well U, h e l p political i d o g of a bpsc fellow-wea- iasr mf-, should find a plllow to repose ture. on, .Ml plenty to nourish kt, without sup- After dl the language of court adula-

a YAW, e p u ’ b y ’ n ~ ~ r u , for the tim, the praises of patoand orators, @ add ~ m l r s t o f s l a m o l r cha- stotua, and monuments erected to tbei *t The truth b, en- f b e , the of* Yt2? grocretproparry;~ t or actions prove u = n o o ~

.

”“Y COlWLW6a

*. the impmrrment

were thew means nf conducting their p mesa of e human IIEC. What

*~mrwnt?, of exercising this aftice of Ilia- ven’s vicegerents? Crafty, dishonest arts, +on, extortion, m d above all, F I R E awl SWORD. They dared to ape the thun- der and lightning of Heaven, and, assisted by the machinatcorls af the Grand Adver- wry of man, rendcred their imitative con-

deadly than the original. l’heir imperial trivances for destruction more terrible and

robe derived it9 dee crimson colour from human blood ; and #e gold and diamonds of their diadems were accumulated trea- sures wrung from the faniished bowels of

robed, to be wounded, to be trodden under the JNW, born only to toil for others, to be

few, in comparisou, have reached the a e foot and forpttrn in an early grave. How

of three score and ten, and yet, in tge m i d ~ t of youth aud health, their days h w e been full of l a k u r trnd sorrow. Heaven’s vicegerer~ts seldom hestowed a thought upon then), except n h e u i t w a s necessary either to invcigle or to force them to take h e sword and ~narch to slduzhter. Where God caused the s u n to shi ie pi ly , and scattered plcnty over the land, his vice- gerents difised t h i n e and solitude. The valley, which laughed with corn, they wa- tered with the tear of artiticial hunger and dtstress: the plain that was bright with verdure, and gdy with flowerets, they dyed red with gore. They operated on the wurld as the blast of an east wind, as a pes- tilence, as a deluge, as a conftagratlon. And have they yet ccasetl from the earlh! Cast your eycs over the plains of Wussia, Poland, a great part of Europe, the wilds of Africa, and the gardens ot ASIA-Eu- ropean despotism has united with oriental, to unparadlse the provinces of India.

Thug, if God, in his wisdom, has thought

of riixipline, the G R E A T OKES of the world fit to allot us a fw mrlr for the purpose

have endeavoured to make the whole of life an evil to the despised and ne lected UIG LIOM. The world i3 now ohf and may E f i t by the lessons of Experience. SnE

decisively declared, that despotism is d source of human misfortune, the

Pan oras box out of which every cum has issued, a d scarcely left even Hope behind. Despotism, in its extreme, 18 fatal to human hpppincss, and, in aU i t s degrees and modi- ficptiuns, injurious. The spirit of it ought therefore to be 9uppresd on the first and slightest a pcarance. I t should be the en- deavour or)evcry good man, pm w i r i l i , as 6r as his best abilities will utewl, to extir- pate all arbitrary government from tBe gbhe. It should be s w c p fmm the eprth, or^@ under !bot, fmm China to Pau.

Ihe y.

=-” @I 8Utm m bcrpbledcmh& * HflrP, E3 than the Iferculaoumof whok PEoPLs.

I lay it dawn a~ M incontmtrrrtib~e U-

i t should not be unished as criminal, iet it be coerced as (Pan emus. Let the strait waistcoat be a pliec!; but let YEN, judging fellow-men, ,Lay, span. the axe.

For what rational purpose could we enter into life ? To vex, torment, and slay each other w i t h the sword? To be and to make

ven ! I firmly behtve, thnt the great King nliserable ? No, by the sweet mercy of Hea-

of kings intended every son and clan1 hter of Adam to be HS happy as the eternaltaws

to be in this auhlunary s t a t e . Execrated of nature, under hi9 control, permit them

and ex loded be all those politics, with Ma- chiavet or the Evil Being, their author, which introduce systems of government and manners among the pt, inconsistent with the happiness of the majority. Must real e d m be for ever acting on the stage? human life? Must men go on for ever to be tormenten and executlonera of meu? Is the world never to profit by

affcnpfr be made to improve the hap- the experience of ages? Nust not even

piness of life, to improve government, though all arts and sciences are encouraged in their progress to perfection ? Must the p d art, the sublimest science, that of mehornting the condition of human nature, be stationary? No; forbid it reason, vir- tue, benevolence, religion! Let the world be made more and more comfortable to all who are allowed the glorious privilege of seeiug the sun and breathiog the liberal Mr. Our forefathers were duped by priests

of superstition and rhe b i d n w uf ip+ and des- and, thmu the timidity

rance, submitted to be d e artiticlpl

we rcc; a d kr every m o d under tht

P miserpble. Let us uplode th+t fol l y

cope of hdvenmjogcristarce,aa IODgtla

CONCLV8lON"Rc/wrr 98 trulr &la andgbriaus it b ta -ye. ~ o d in thclr g . e . Their simtbn d m +.people. Fot h=, huw mn- pveroed b men, md men by their p" bl w llpul I &urd, unpreeipi- F, u ~ l &Ir su pwed Interest. w l ~ . It

will sam tame the haughtiht 1s the buaimbs o f ! a m to *vain thtm. a p m t thrt ever swelled the h c i 4 import-

The "9f: are b u n d to wntch t h e omduct m e nf a crown ; and the i rdrmitk at- of dl, w se cctlduct is inftwntial 00 tbeir tending the approach of death, h e g d d wcllkn. Unlimited conftdem should be decajs o f e, will us~ul ly teach a less011 given to no man, when t h e hqpinem of ot' u n t e k n 3 humility. millions i.r concerned IN thc mnsequencea

ters coatide tar m u z ' i n the symptoms. .4 aurhur, '6 getwdly think thnt gred men in a po mclrl lethar BUI let nut minis- ' I The comnon peuple " says a sensible

(dm precedes a storm. Long continued have p r d minds, and scorn baa artions : abuses, heavy burden$, and severe griev- which judgment is so false, that I he best snces, without a d r a m of hope, may and worbt o ia l l action5 have been done by awaken the lion. Then, I thiik, those pred met). They have often disturbed, who have shewn an inclination to net up a deceived, and pillaRe(1 the world ; aud he power unknown to constitutional treetiom, who is capable of the I$lert miwliief is and to render government hostile to the capahle of the Y P A N EST. He who plunders people, nlaj jwtly fear. a ruuntry of a million of money wodd, in

And who, I I may be asked. are the?. ? I suitable circum*tanceci, a t m l a silver spmn; an1 happy in tile o ,purrunity of tleclrring and a conqwxor, H ho stealv a id p i l lqm a i t UIJ opiniun, th , t /he Krac is nut among Aiugdo~n, would, in an humbler h a t i o n , them. They are men tu whorn neither the rtlic a portmanteau." I shoultl not, there-

in a word, the o l i p r c h y u ) ' b o r ~ ~ u ; ~ h - , r ~ r ~ , f ~ ~ r ~ , i n a crowd, to those men who have ]~iunder- King kur the peu;de are tlear, 'I'hey are, ture, choose to crpow my watch or pnrse

whose power is founded 'un an usurparion ; et1 Poland, if, itl.tead of posscssmg H crown and whose asznnwtl s o v 6 f i E I c h T Y ir no less ot jewels, and the pocket of subnliszive incons~stent wrth the real freedom of a king nations, they had been in the circum- tiban of a Iteople. A most respectable so- stances o f a fhrringfon. Nor, thou h ciety, not lung ago, asserted in a petition to men should be called honrmmlle, will it&

prove i t at the bar, that one hundred and without some collateral security ; especially the IJuu>e u t Commons, and offered to saf'c to trust our liberties to their honour,

jifiy-fbtrv alrn numinate and appoint a ma- when we see them interfering witb and JorLty ot' the llousr. Has it not been sus- controlling elections, contrary to express pected t l u t a w i n might have been made laws, and contrary not only to the dictates and wppurted to p v e t l t the annihilation of of honour, but of comrnon honesty. They this oligarchy, Ily turning the attention of tuurp a power for the gratification of pride

and endeavouring to eive a deadly stab to the injurv of the lawful and rigt!t owners. the people trulrl a reform ot' parliament, and avarice, which they cannot hold but to

liberty. If the susyic;on be well founded, How differs this, in a moral vlew, from this very circumstance is the strongest robbery? It differs, in a political view argument for reform which has ever been indecd, inasmuch as it is infinitcly more pduced . Ocems of blood, and treuure injurious to society. enough lo relieve all the poor in the nation The o posers of reform, the invaders of for many years, lavished to establish a the peoppe's rights, are no less hlind and despotism, inimical to the king, the short-sighted than meanly selfish. Let

now reached the suurc~of' the evil, a source dispute pa ular claims to natural right, people, and to human nature 1 \Ye have them p u r their venom on the people, pnd

.Nile. I t is the cornlption of boroughs, last triumpi, and liheny will in time not so concealed as the fountain of the much as & please; the pople must at

and the interference ot' ministers, peers, flourish all over Europe. Court parasites placemen, pnsiuners, and expectants, in and seltish grand-, will do right to use a parliamentary elections, which causes the little foresight ; to consider what rewlu- rpiril of &*potism tn increase; for nature, t i a r may be, by viewing what have been; rea&, and self-interest too, ifthey were not and not to exasperate mankind toc, much, counteracted by corrupt influence, c auld lest the irritation should produce, wht revolt at it. The e g would be instantly God avert, a sanguinary vengeance.

and fostered in t h e warm, w e f k t i f i e d I take my leave on this m i o n , r m - crushed, if i t were not constant1 guarded

WSt of bmoyh-inaurue, dimt ipg mea- mending, Irm t h bottom of my heart, u) sum and disposing of all patronage. men in power, mewre% Of COBCILIATIOI!r.

concern 10 thu mfluence. They may their w i n g Let them cullcede w ~ t h But t h ~ are !I @uurabk mm, who are Let them came among us with hal ing , in

&& be morally worse or better than others N

~ ~ ~ ~ t b e r . against m them p0IrtdIy iniquitous. "be mrtd k

T h e y p l e , a t present, appear to be sunk u t hi. =lions or ouuncils.

'. * ,. :f ,-