Local Hormones

1 Prostaglandins fatty acids present in many parts of the body, which are associated with the sensation of pain and have an effect on the nervous system, blood pressure and in particular the uterus at menstruation

2 Thromboxane a substance that is formed in platelets and that causes blood clotting and constriction of blood vessels1

3 Prostacyclin a type of unsaturated fatty acid ( prostaglandin ) that dilates blood vessels and inhibits the formation of blood clots2

4 Leukotriene chemical messenger in the body: a substance that functions as a powerful but short-range chemical messenger in various body systems, including the circulatory, nervous, and immune systems. Leukotrienes help regulate the state of blood vessels and airways, and influence the activities of certain white blood cells.3

5 Lipoxins6 Acetylcholine substance released from nerve endings, which allows nerve

impulses to move from one nerve to another or from a nerve to the organ it controls

7 Serotonin ompound (5-hydroxytryptamine) which exists mainly in blood platelets and is released after tissue is injured

8 Histamine ubstance released from mast cells throughout the body which stimulates tissues in various ways; excess of histamine causes inflammation of the tissues; the presence of substances to which a patient is allergic releases large amounts of histamine into the bloodhistamine test = test to determine the acidity of gastric juice

COMMENT: histamines dilate the blood vessels (giving nettlerash) or constrict the muscles of the bronchi (giving asthmatic attacks)

9 Substance P peptide in body tissues: a peptide found in body tissues, especially nervous tissue, that is involved in the transmission of pain and in inflammation4

10

Heparin anticoagulant substance found in the liver and lungs, and also produced artificially for use in the treatment of thrombosis

11

Bradykinin blood chemical that dilates vessels: a chemical ( peptide ) derived from plasma protein that forms at the site of injured tissue. It plays a role in producing inflammation, dilates blood vessels, and contracts smooth muscle.5

12

Gastrointestinal Hormones

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5