living wage [draft1]livingwagecanada.ca/files/2114/1518/9093/living_wage... · 2014. 11. 5. · tom...

BRANT COUNTY HEALTH UNIT | 1

October, 2014

BRANT COUNTY HEALTH UNIT194 Terrace Hill St., Brantford, ON N3R 1G7

(519) 753-4937 | www.bchu.orgBRANT COUNTY HEALTH UNIT� 194 Terrace Hill St., Brantford, ON N3R 1G7 | � www.bchu.org | � @BrantHealthUnit

Calculating a LIVING WAGE f� Brantf�d

2 | BRANT COUNTY HEALTH UNIT

AuthorsLirije Hyseni, MSc – Health Promoter, Program Planning & EvaluationNiyati Salker, MPH – Health Promoter, Chronic Disease and Injury PreventionSarah Edwards, PhD(c) – Manager, Program Planning & Evaluation

AcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, this report would not have been possible without the guidance and support of the living wage community. The methodology presented in this report was adapted from the national Canadian Living Wage Framework and consultations with a number of living wage advocates. The � ndings in this report were also made possible, in great part, due to the living wage calculator provided by Hugh Mackenzie and the Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives, which provided the knowledge base in estimating individual living expenses. The valuable input and support provided by Brant County Health Unit colleagues and external advisors also played a fundamental role in the development of this report:

BRANT COUNTY HEALTH UNIT Carol Haberman, Dietitian, Chronic Disease and Injury PreventionDenise Crabb, Family Home Visitor, Chronic Disease and Injury PreventionDonna Kemp, Health Promoter, Communications

EXTERNAL ADVISORS Amy Faulkner, Librarian, Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit Lyndsey Butcher, Social Planning Council of Cambridge and North DumfriesKaylie Tiessen, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives Ted Hildebrandt & Richard Lau, Community Development HaltonTom Cooper, Hamilton Community Foundation Wanzirai Muruvi, County of Wellington Child Care Services

Finally, this report has been developed to support the work of community stakeholders including the Brant Brantford Roundtable on Poverty, the Living Wage Subcommittee and other individuals and/or organizations who are working towards achieving health equity and wellbeing for our community by advocating for a living wage.

The authors of this report would like to note that any errors, omissions and deviations from the Canadian Living Wage Framework were at the discretion of the authors alone.

RECOMMENDED CITATION: Hyseni, L., Salker, N., Edwards, S. (2014). Calculating a Living Wage for Brantford. Brantford, Ontario: Brant County Health Unit.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The living wage is an hourly rate of pay that provides a household with suf� cient income to cover the basic costs of daily living which includes amongst other things: housing, food, clothing, and transportation, while also allowing for participation in the community. A foundational component of calculating the living wage is the living wage calculator developed by Hugh Mackenzie. The calculator is in the form of an excel spreadsheet that requests information about the family type (sex and age for all individuals in a family), the number of hours that each adult works, and the family expenses. Based on the information entered, the calculator provides information on the total cost of living and the living wage employment income required to meet the cost of living after accounting for all taxes and bene� ts that the family incurs. The living wage for Branford is an average of living wages calculated for 4 different family types: a two parent family with two children, a one parent family with two children, a one parent family with one child and a single person family. Full-time work is de� ned as 37.5 hours of work per week. For all family types, the living wage calculations are based on all adults in the family working full time. The average living wage for Brantford for 2014 was established as $14.85/hour.

� e living wage is an hourly rate of pay that provides a household with su� cient income to cover the basic costs of daily living ....



ContentsINTRODUCTION 5What is a Living Wage? 5Living Wage Principles 6Differences between Living Wage and Minimum Wage 6What does the Living Wage for Brantford Include? 8What does the Living Wage for Brantford Exclude? 9Bene� ts of a Living Wage 9

CALCULATING THE LIVING WAGE 11Family Types and Hours of Full-Time Work 11Expenses 12Child Support for Lone Parents 13Income, Government Transfers and Taxes 14Hourly Living Wage 16

DISCUSSION 17Living Wage, Poverty Line and Average Income in Brantford 17Government Bene� ts and Living Wage 18Living Wages for Other Communities in Ontario 19Updating the Living Wage 20Moving Forward 20

APPENDIX A: DETAILED EXPENSES, ASSUMPTIONS AND METHODS 22

APPENDIX B: 2014 NUTRITIOUS FOOD BASKET DATA 28

APPENDIX C: STATISTICS CANADA DATA 29

APPENDIX D: ESTIMATING CHILD SUPPORT INCOME 32

REFERENCES 33


It is important to establish a living wage for Brantford, as it helps set a social and economic benchmark that will help lift families out of poverty and isolation.

INTRODUCTION Since income is a key determinant of health, it is important to gain insight into what it costs to live in Brantford, and more importantly how the cost of living may be driving health inequities amongst more marginalized populations, who face higher rates of poverty. As a form of community data, the living wage calculation will serve as an important local policy and advocacy tool to help bridge the income gap in Brantford. This data will provide community stakeholders with a powerful lens to address income as a barrier to health equity within the community.

WHAT IS A LIVING WAGE?

Unlike minimum wage, which is a statutory wage that all employers must pay, the living wage is de� ned as an hourly rate of pay that can provide a household with suf� cient income to cover the basic costs of daily living which includes but is not limited to: housing, food, clothing, and transportation.1 The living wage more accurately re� ects what individuals need to earn, once government transfers have been added to the family’s income (such as the Universal Child Care Bene� t) and deductions have been subtracted (such as income tax and employment insurance premiums).1 A living wage provides households with an appropriate income so that they can enjoy a basic level of economic security and a healthy standard of living, which offers households the ability to meet their basic needs in addition to having the � nancial means to participate in society.

Social inclusion relates to the ability of families to be more involved in activities that connect them with their communities. Being able to be more “plugged in” through social networks can provide individuals and households with social supports, social in� uence, and opportunities for social engagement as well as meaningful social roles that can contribute to improved mental health and wellbeing.2 Therefore, it is important to establish a living wage for Brantford, as it helps set a social and economic benchmark that will help lift families out of poverty and isolation.



LIVING WAGE PRINCIPLES

According to the Canadian Living Wage Framework, communities that calculate a living wage need to meet speci� c requirements in order to calculate a suitable and re� ective wage. Therefore, a living wage should:

1. Allow working families to have suffi cient funds to cover reasonable costs for households to maintain a healthy standard of living1,3

2. Promote social inclusion so that families can participate in their community life and obtain basic goods and services most families enjoy1,3

3. Support healthy child development including costs associated with child care, school fees and recreational activities that enhance the healthy growth and development of children and youth1,3

4. Mitigate the threat of severe fi nancial stress, especially in scenarios where unforeseen emergencies such as health issues or disability may cause economic instability1,3

5. Refl ect a conservative but reasonable estimate so that a household can cover the very basic costs associated with rent and transportation (but not enough to necessarily save for retirement or a child’s post-secondary education savings plan)1,3

6. Engender signifi cant and wide-ranging community support so that all members from community organizations, employers, and the public can appreciate the importance of a living wage and can take an active role in achieving a living wage for all employed individuals in their community1,3

7. Act as a vehicle for promoting the benefi ts of social programs such as child care, child tax bene� ts, and health care1,3

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LIVING WAGE AND MINIMUM WAGE

At present, the minimum wage in Ontario (as of June 1, 2014) stands at $11.00 per hour.4 This wage is the lowest wage rate an employer can legally pay an employee.4 The hourly minimum wage rate has not been set using the actual cost of living, but instead established by the provincial government based on the political and business climate.5 Table 1 lists the main differences between minimum and living wage.


TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF MAIN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MINIMUM WAGE AND LIVING WAGE 8

Minimum Wage Living Wage

Statutory Voluntary

Provincially set Locally derived

Does not account for the cost of living Re� ective of local costs of living

May not provide suf� cient funds to maintain a healthy standard of living

Provides a healthy standard of living

Does not have a community-building effect Living wage communities can attract families



WHAT DOES THE LIVING WAGE FOR BRANTFORD INCLUDE?

In calculating the living wage for Brantford, the cost of living was derived using the costs associated with basic needs but also included other items critical to ensure a reasonable quality of life. The speci� c costs used to calculate the living wage for Brantford included:

Basic Needs Transportation

Individual needs (food, clothing and footwear, personal care and laundry)

Housing (which includes rent, utilities and associated costs of telephone, internet and cable television)

Vehicle operation andmaintenance costs

Transit passes Taxi trips

Social Inclusion Activities

Vacations Family-based activities (such as

monthly dinners out and movie nights)

Children’s activity fees(e.g. sports, camps, school fees or other extracurricular activities)

Recreational memberships Gift giving

Continuing education for adults to upgrade skillset

Childcare (including before or after school care and summer care)

Reading and home entertainment Private health insurance for

extended health bene� ts (including dental care or prescription drug coverage)

Life and critical illness insurance Bank Fees Contingency of 4% of household

budget.

Other Costs


WHAT DOES THE LIVING WAGE FOR BRANTFORD EXCLUDE?

The budget prepared in order to calculate the living wage for Brantford provides a representative idea of the costs associated with maintaining a healthy standard of living. However, the expenses listed do not account for many of the common expenses that may be incurred by many household budgets in Brantford. With these exclusions, it is fair to say that the living wage is still a very basic approximation and would still be a challenging income for most residents to sustain their households on. The items not included in the living wage calculation are listed below.

Not Included in the Living Wage Calculation

Debt payments (e.g. student or other loans)

Savings that can support long-term goals (e.g. down payment for a house, RESP, RRSP)

Home ownership Discretionary meals (e.g. take-

out meals) or special dietary requirements (e.g. Kosher or Halal diets, Gluten or allergen free ingredients)

Dif� culty securing or receiving child support payments

Costs that might relate to a disability that is not covered by an insurance plan

Pets Social outings with friends outside

a monthly dinner and movie (e.g. poker nights, pub nights)

Cell Phones Personal lifestyle behaviours

(smoking or alcohol budget)

BENEFITS OF A LIVING WAGE

Offering a living wage can have a tremendous impact, bene� ting not only the employee but also employers and the community as a whole. A living wage helps households reduce � nancial stress and also provides individuals with a better chance to improve their health and enhance child development outcomes.1,6 It has been said that “income provides the prerequisites for health.”6 Income is associated with important determinants of health including basic needs such as food, shelter and social inclusion.6 Table 2 summarizes just some of the bene� ts that can be experienced.



TABLE 2. BENEFITS OF A LIVING WAGE6,7

For Employees For Employers For the Community

• Reduced risk of poverty

• Improved standard of living and quality of life

• Improved health

• Increased ability to seek skills advancement opportunities and further education or training

• Reduced absenteeism

• Reduced staff turn-over

• Decreased costs associated with recruitment and training of staff

• Improved employee morale, productivity and loyalty

• Improved pro� le in the community (i.e. brand recognition, consumer loyalty, etc.)

• Increased spending power of individuals stimulates local economy

• Increased civic engagement

• Improved health of the community as a whole

O� ering a living wage can have a tremendous impact, bene� ting not only the employee but also employers and the community as a whole.


CALCULATING THE LIVING WAGE A foundational component of calculating the living wage is the living wage calculator developed by Hugh Mackenzie. The calculator is in the form of an excel spreadsheet that requests information about the family type (sex and age for all individuals in a family), the number of hours that each adult works, and the family expenses. Based on the information entered, the calculator provides information on the total cost of living and the living wage employment income to meet the cost of living, accounting for all taxes and bene� ts that the family incurs.

FAMILY TYPES AND HOURS OF FULL-TIME WORK

The Canadian Living Wage Framework standardizes the living wage calculation across Canada based on a healthy family of 4 with two parents working full time and two children.1 Recognizing that the methodology is biased towards a family of 4, the Living Wage Framework also recommends that a community periodically reviews the costs and bene� ts experienced by other family types.1 This report represents the � rst time that the living wage has been calculated for Brantford and thus it was important to explore the living wage across different family types. The calculations and process presented in this report re� ects how the burden of various costs would be experienced by 4 different family types in Brantford:

Family of 4Male, 35

Female, 35Girl, 7Boy, 3

Family of 3Female, 30

Girl, 7Boy, 3

Family of 2Female, 25

Girl, 3

Family of 1Male, 32

Full-time work is de� ned as 37.5 hours of work per week. For all family compositions, the living wage calculations are based on all adults in the family working full time.

Living Wage Employment Income

Total Expenses(food, clothing, housing,

transportation ...)

Income & Payroll Taxes(Employment Insurance, Canada Pension Plan,

Federal & Provincial Taxes ...)

Government Transfers(Universal Child Care Bene� t, Child Tax Bene� t, Child Care

Subsidy, Ontario Child Bene� t)



EXPENSES

For each family type, basic expenses were estimated as summarized in Table 3. Appendix A - Table 10, illustrates detailed expenses and the assumptions and the methods used to derive each individual expense.

TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF EXPENSES ($ PER MONTH)

FAMILY TYPESFamily

of 4Family

of 3Family

of 2Family

of 1

EXPENSE MONTHLY COSTS

IndividualNeeds

Food $679.40 $468.83 $339.17 $282.33

Clothing and Footwear $161.33 $139.67 $114.00 $80.67

Personal Care and Laundry $53.00 $45.83 $37.50 $26.50

Housing Rent $1062.00 $1062.00 $868.00 $770.00

Tenant’s Insurance $18.25 $18.25 $18.25 $18.25

Telephone, Internet and Cable Bundle $140.00 $140.00 $140.00 $140.00

Household Operations, Maintenance and Equipment $269.58 $233.50 $190.67 $134.83

Transportation Vehicle Operation Costs $525.50 $545.58 $575.58 $0

Bus $70.00 $0 $0 $70.00

Taxi $0 $0 $0 $94.92

Childcare Child Care $931.83 $931.83 $675.00 $0

Care for school-aged children (winter, march and PA holidays) $114.58 $114.58 $0 $0

Insurance Life and Critical Illness Insurance $148.75 $62.50 $56.08 $69.17

Non OHIP Medical Insurance $141.00 $118.75 $99.00 $53.00

SocialInclusion

Monthly Family Dinner and Movie $96.50 $65.60 $48.25 $31.00

Family Vacation (2 Weeks/Year) $94.08 $77.25 $67.75 $78.00

Recreation: YMCA Memberships $84.75 $84.75 $70.92 $46.92

Children’s School Fees $25.42 $25.42 $0 $0

Gifts $25.92 $18.33 $22.42 $12.92

OtherExpenses

Continuing Education $55.00 $55.00 $55.00 $55.00

Reading & Print Materials, Home Ent. Equip. & Services $27.83 $24.08 $19.67 $13.92

Bank Fees $14.17 $14.17 $14.17 $14.17

Other Services (not specifi ed) $75.33 $58.33 $44.67 $ 9.33

Contingency Savings of 4% $192.58 $155.58* $129.08* $80.00

TOTAL MONTHLY EXPENSES $5,006.80 $4,459.83 $3,585.18 $2,080.83

TOTAL ANNUAL EXPENSES $60,082 $53,518 $43,022 $24,970


CHILD SUPPORT FOR LONE PARENTS

The Brantford living wage calculation for lone parents also includes child support payments as a source of income. However, this item is not included in Hugh Mackenzie’s living wage calculator, and thus it was important to research the child support payment tax implications in order to properly include it in the living wage calculation. Based on the income tax rules, parents who receive child support do not pay income tax on the child support payments, and the parents who pay child support are not able to deduct those payments for income tax purposes.8,9 As such, the child support was included as a negative expense in the living wage calculation spreadsheet in order to mitigate the expenses that the lone parent has, as the lone parent receiving child support is not required to pay income tax.

The Government of Canada Department of Justice child support table10 was used to calculate the amount of child support income that a lone parent is eligible for, assuming that the parent paying the support payment resides in Ontario and has the same income as the primary parent. (Further details on how child support income was estimated can be found in Appendix D). Table 4 illustrates that a lone parent with two children would receive $4967/year of child support, and the lone parent with one child would receive $2760/year to assist them, thus lowering the total cost of expenses that they would have to work for and meet. One of the limitations of this calculation is that income for the parent paying child support will vary and may be lower, or that the parent may be unemployed or unwilling to pay child support, which would result in differences in the estimate.

TABLE 4. CHILD SUPPORT INCOME FOR LONE PARENT FAMILIES

FAMILY TYPESFamily

of 4Family

of 3Family

of 2Family

of 1

TOTAL ANNUAL EXPENSES $60,082 $53,518 $43,022 $24,970

Child Support Income N/A -$4967 -$2760 N/A

CONSOLIDATED ANNUAL EXPENSES $60,082 $48,551 $40,262 $24,970



INCOME, GOVERNMENT TRANSFERS AND TAXES

After the inclusion of all the expenses that the different families would have, and the inclusion of child support for the lone parents, to assist with those expenses, Table 5 below illustrates an output of the living wage calculator estimating the annual household employment income that each family must have in order to meet all the expenses estimated, taking into account all the taxes and the bene� ts applicable for each family.

TABLE 5. SUMMARY OF NET INCOME

FAMILY TYPESFamily

of 4Family

of 3Family

of 2Family

of 1

ANNUAL HOUSEHOLD EMPL. INCOME $60,653 $28,391 $28,060 $29,028

Universal Child Care Benefi ts $1,200 $1,200 $1,200 $0

Household Income $61,853 $29,591 $29,260 $29,028

Tax after credits $3,178 $2,458 -$1,582 $2,248

Income After Tax $58,675 $32,049 $30,842 $26,779

CPP and EI Contributions $3,769 $1,766 $1,743 $1,809

Child Tax Benefi t 2,525 $6,096 $3,324 $0

Child Care Subsidy $2,626 $10,223 $7,174 $0

WITB $0 $0 $0 $0

Ontario Child Benefi t $52 $1,949 $665 $0

INCOME AFTER TAX AND TRANSFERS $60,082 $48,551 $40,262 $24,970

Taking into account all the different expenses and taxes, after adjusting for the bene� ts received, Figure 1 provides a summary of the monthly expenses, by proportion, for a family of 2 parents and 2 children.


FIGURE 1. SUMMARY OF MONTHLY EXPENSES, BY PROPORTION, FOR A FAMILY OF TWO PARENTS AND TWO CHILDREN.

Child care - School Aged (2%)Winter, March break & summer holidays

� Taxes (5%)After adjusting for benefits

� Household Operations,Maintenance andEquipment (5%)

� Housing (24%)Rent, insurance, telephone,cable, internet

� Personal Care & Laundry (1%)

� Food (14%)

Clothing & Footwear (3%)

Transportation(12%)

Child Care (14%)Toddler year-round, andBefore and After School Program - After subsidy

� SocialInclusion (7%)

� Contingency (4%)

� Other Services (3%)

� Non OHIP Medical Insurance (3%)

� Life & Critical Illness Insurance (3%)



HOURLY LIVING WAGE

In order to meet the annual household employment income to support all the expenses, accounting for all the taxes and the bene� ts for each family, Table 6 illustrates the living wage per hour for different family types. The average living wage for Brantford is $14.85/hour.

TABLE 6. FINAL LIVING WAGE

FAMILY TYPESFamily

of 4Family

of 3Family

of 2Family

of 1

Annual Household Employment Income $60,653 $28,391 $28,060 $29,028

Living Wage to Meet the Income $15.55/h $14.56/h $14.39/h $14.89/h

Average Living Wage $14.85/hour

� e average living wage for Brantford is $14.85/hour.


... it is important to emphasize that [the living wage] is a conservative estimate and lower than the median and average full time employment income in Brantford.

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

$20,677 $21,450$28,957

$44,385$50,898

Poverty Line(Low income cut-

off before Tax)(2014)*

Minimum WageFull-Time

Employment(2014)

Living WageFull-Time

Employment($14.85/hour)

(2014)

MedianFull-Time

Employment(2010)

AverageFull-Time

Employment(2010)

DISCUSSION LIVING WAGE, POVERTY LINE AND AVERAGE INCOME IN BRANTFORD

The living wage provides suf� cient income to enjoy a basic level of economic security and a healthy standard of living. As such, it is important to emphasize that it is a conservative estimate and lower than the median and average full time employment income in Brantford. Figure 2 illustrates a comparison of the annual income for a single person in Brantford. As illustrated, a full-time working individual earning a living wage of $14.85/hour makes a higher annual income than someone working and earning a minimum wage; however, they make a signi� cantly lower income than the median and the average full-time employment income in Brantford.

FIGURE 2. COMPARISON OF LICO, MINIMUM WAGE, LIVING WAGE, MEDIAN AND AVERAGE FULL TIME EMPLOYMENT INCOME FOR A SINGLE PERSON WORKING IN BRANTFORD.

*LICO(2014) = LICO(2006)11 X CPI(2014)12 / CPI(2006)13 = 17784 X 126.5/108.8 = 20,677.17



GOVERNMENT BENEFITS AND LIVING WAGE

Government bene� ts (such as credits, transfers and subsidies) as well as public supports and infrastructure (e.g. housing, transportation, childcare, education and healthcare) play a vital role in helping households cope with the rising costs of living. These bene� ts ensure that low-income households can keep more money in their pockets, which can be used to meet other basic needs.14 Some examples of supports are:

• Universal Child Care Bene� ts• Child Care Subsidy • Child Tax Bene� ts (for children’s activities such as sport or arts)• Non-OHIP medical credit• Adult Education credit • Transit subsidies• Housing and Rent subsidies

The living wages for various households in Brantford have been calculated using the local costs of living, available income supports, and subsidies that many families are entitled to, depending on their household income. To illustrate the impact that the bene� ts make on the living wage, Table 7 illustrates the living wage with and without child care subsidy. As shown, if a child care subsidy is not available to assist families with the child care expenses, the living wage would be signi� cantly higher, especially for single parents, as they are eligible for a higher amount of child care subsidy due to their lower household income.

TABLE 7. THE CALCULATED LIVING WAGES FOR HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN, WITH AND WITHOUT CHILD CARE SUBSIDIES.

FAMILY TYPESFamily

of 4Family

of 3Family

of 2

Living Wage with the Child Care Subsidy $15.55/hr $14.56/hr $14.39/hr

Living Wage without the Child Care Subsidy $16.26/hr $28.62/hr $23.20/hr

Child Care Subsidy Difference $0.71/hr $14.06/hr $8.81/hr

The child support subsidy is just one example but it illustrates that without government supports in place many households would experience a signi� cantly higher cost of living which would drive up the living wage. If government bene� ts such as the tax bene� ts and infrastructural supports (discussed previously) are eliminated, there would be a signi� cant shift in costs onto households. Therefore, government policies and programs (including tax bene� ts and subsidies) have a critical impact on the standard of living experienced by many households.14


LIVING WAGES FOR OTHER COMMUNITIES IN ONTARIO

The living wage calculator by Hugh Mackenzie has been used to calculate living wage for different communities across Canada. Table 8 illustrates the living wages calculated for different communities in Ontario, as they are more comparable to the Brantford context. It is important to note that some communities calculated the living wage for a family of 4 (2 parents and 2 children) and others calculated the living wage for different family types, with the � nal living wage being the average of different family types. Another difference is the inclusion of child support income in the living wage calculation for the lone parent family types, as the communities that have not included child support have a signi� cantly higher living wage for the lone parent family. For example, before child support was included in the Brantford living wage calculation, the living wage for the lone parent with two children was $30.45/h, and for the lone parent with one child was $18.76/h. The inclusion of child support payments in the living wage calculation had a signi� cant impact on the living wage for the lone parent families. Child support payments assist with a portion of family expenses for lone parent families. After accounting for the taxes and bene� ts, the lone parent requires a lower annual employment income to meet all the expenses, compared to a scenario where child support payments are not included. Moreover, the lower employment income quali� es the lone parent for a higher Child Tax Bene� t and Child Care Subsidy, leading to a substantial difference between the living wage calculated with and without the inclusion of child support.

TABLE 8. LIVING WAGES FOR COMMUNITIES IN ONTARIO.

Community

LIVING WAGEDATE OFCALCULATIONOR LAST UPDATEFamily of 4 Family of 3 Family of 2 Family of 1

FINALLIVING WAGE

Toronto 15 $16.60 - $16.15 - $16.60 2008

Kingston 16 $16.29 - - - $16.29 2011

Hamilton 17 $15.05 - $14.85 $14.90 $14.95 2011

Halton 18 $17.05 - $18.69 $19.45 N/A 2013

Guelph 19 $15.75 - $15.95 $14.60 $15.95 2013

Peterborough20 $16.47 $27.24 $14.32 $14.30 $16.47 2013

Waterloo41 $16.00 - - - $16.00 2014

Brantford $15.55 $14.56 $14.39 $14.89 $14.85 2014



UPDATING THE LIVING WAGE

The living wage re� ects the cost of living to attain a decent quality of life that also includes one’s participation in social activities. In addition, the living wage re� ects the different government supports available to assist families with the cost of living, as well as the income taxes that families are required to pay. As such, changes in the cost of living due to in� ation or contextual factors (i.e. enhancement of the transportation system may result in families not requiring a car, and thus the cost of transportation may decrease leading to a reduction on the living wage), as well as changes to policies that impact taxes and bene� ts serve as points in time at which the living wage should be reassessed and recalculated. The living wage calculator by Hugh Mackenzie is updated regularly to account for changes in taxes, bene� ts, subsidies and certain credits that families may be eligible for. The calculator is also a fundamental resource that can be used to update the living wage. The availability of more up to date data that are used to estimate several expenses such as the Market Basket Measures and the data from the Survey of Household Spending, both from Statistics Canada, also re� ect a time when the living wage may need to be reassessed. It is also important to note that the current living wage calculation was done for the City of Brantford, but it can be updated in the future to include the County of Brant.

MOVING FORWARD

Achieving a living wage for low wage earners could help reduce health inequities, ensure the healthy development of children and allow individuals to fully participate in their work, family life and communities. There have been several communities that have adopted or made advancements towards adopting a living wage. These communities have embarked on their journey towards advocacy and implementation by engaging various stakeholders within local government, as well as community stakeholders including small businesses and corporations (see examples in Table 9).


TABLE 9. ENGAGING STAKEHOLDERS TO IMPLEMENT AND SUPPORT A LIVING WAGE 21

COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Non-Profi t Organizations

• Recruit community champions to help raise awareness and inspire collective action

• Advocate for policy shifts that focus on improving (or maintaining) government bene� ts and social supports (childcare, subsidies, etc.)

• Encourage workplaces to apply innovative practices such as � exible work hours, to help employees minimize the impact of costs associated with childcare: i.e. before and after school childcare

Municipalities

• Adopt a local living wage policy and encourage businesses in the community to adopt a living wage

• Build awareness within communities and businesses around the implementation of a living wage

• Facilitate a living wage employer recognition program to encourage more workplaces to pay a living wage

Small Businesses, Corporations and Unions

• Adopt and enforce a living wage policy

• Champion a living wage within the business community

• Advocate for improved government bene� ts and social supports

• Provide employees annual bene� ts (e.g. Non-OHIP health bene� ts, subsidies for public transportation, child care, etc.)

Low wage impacts the community as a whole, therefore collective action from all stakeholders, is critical in achieving a living wage. The Municipal Living Wage Policy Toolkit, provides a useful guide on how to mobilize various stakeholders and build community capacity to advocate and implement a living wage within a community.22 The information provided within this report, in addition to the mobilization of the steps outlined above, is intended to support communities in Brantford to help attain a living wage to help achieve a vibrant, healthy and equitable standard of living.



APPENDIX A: Detailed Expenses, Assumptions and Methods

TABLE 10. DETAILED EXPENSES, ASSUMPTIONS AND METHODS FOR DIFFERENT FAMILY TYPES.

FAMILY TYPESFamily of 4 Family of 3 Family of 2 Family of 1

EXPENSES ANNUAL COSTS

IND

IVID

UA

L N

EE

DS

Food

Brantford Nutritious Food Basket (2014): Cost of food per week is estimated based on family type (number of family members, their sex, and age) and multiplied by 4.33 weeks 23 for the monthly cost, and then 12 months for the annual cost. (See Appendix B for more details)

$8153 $5626 $4070 $3388

Clothing and Footwear

Statistics Canada: The 2011 Market Basket Measure 24 for Clothing (Table 202-0809) for jurisdictions with a population size of 100,000 to 499,999 in Ontario adjusted for family size and in� ation to 2014. (See Appendix C for more details)

$1936 $1676 $1368 $968

Personal Care and Laundry

Statistics Canada: The 2012 Survey of Household Spending 25 (2nd income quintile) proportion for this item (Table 203-0022) was applied to the total of 2011 Market Basket Measure “Other” category (Table 202-0809) for Ontario (population 100,000 to 499,999) and adjusted for in� ation, and family size. (See Appendix C for more details)

$636 $550 $450 $318

HO

US

ING

Rent

Canada Mortgage and Housing Market Corporation 26: Fall 2013 Rental Market Report for the Hamilton and Brantford Census Metropolitan Areas (Table 3.1.2), adjusted for in� ation to 2014. It is assumed that the family of 4 and the family of 3 rent a 3 bedroom unit, the family of 2 rents a 2 bedroom unit, and the family of 1 rents a 1 bedroom unit.

$12744 $12744 $10416 $9240

Tenant Insurance

Kanetix.ca: Quotes for basic insurance for � re, theft and personal liability (liability coverage of $1,000,000 with $1000 deductible).

$219 $219 $219 $219

Telephone, Internet and Cable Bundle

Rogers.com: Quotes for basic internet, cable and landline phone bundle package.

$1680 $1680 $1680 $1680

Household Operations, Maintenance and Equipment

Statistics Canada: Similar method as the Personal Care and Laundry above. Note: (1) Household operations, and (2) Household maintenance and equipment were � rst estimated individually and then added for the total for this item.

$3235 $2802 $2288 $1618




TR

AN

SP

OR

TAT

ION

Vehicle Operation Costs

It is assumed that all families, except for the family of one person, own a � ve year old used car. In order to estimate the other costs, it is assumed that the car is a 2009 Honda Civic, which was the bestselling car in Canada in 2009.27

Depreciation – estimated from the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA) Driving Costs (2013 Edition)28 depreciation cost for a Honda Civic, and adjusted by half for the fact that the depreciation costs decline over time.29

Gas –2009 Honda Civic spends 9.4 L/100km (City)30 at $1.31/l (average gas costs in Brantford) for 20,000km/year

Winter tires – It is assumed that the winter tires are already owned. Based on Canadian Tire prices of $18+tax/tire x 4 tires x 2/year.

Oil change – Based on the Canadian Tire price of $40+tax x 4 times/year.

Service and Repair – 3.27 cents/km for 20,000km/year based on theCAA Driving Costs Report 2013 Edition, a conservative estimate of maintenance costs for the � rst 4 years of owning a new Honda Civic.

License Plate Sticker – Cost from Service Ontario.31

Insurance Coverage: Estimated at www.kanetix.ca for the parent driver(s), assuming a clean diver record.

Depreciation $1500 $1500 $1500 $0

Gas $2463 $2463 $2463 $0

Winter Tires $165 $165 $165 $0

Oil Change $184 $184 $184 $0

Service and Repair $654 $654 $654 $0

Licence Plate $90 $90 $90 $0

Insurance $1250 $1491 $1851 $0

TOTAL $6306 $6547 $6907 $0

Bus

Brantford Transit: Adult bus passes $70/month. It is assumed that the single person, and one of the parents from the family of 4 will need a bus pass.

$840 $0 $0 $840

Taxi

Taxi and Brant Taxi: Starting meter $3.00 with $1.80/km. Estimated only forthe single person without a car and 2 taxi round trips at 10 km per one-way trip, per month.

$3235 $2802 $2288 $1618





CH

ILD

CA

RE

Year Child Care(Before Subsidy)

Brantford and Brant Child Care Programs Annual Survey (2013) Average Licenced Child Care Fees.

Toddlers 2.5 to 5 years old year round care = $32.16/day.

School Aged Children Before and After School Care = $14.90/day – total cost estimated for 196 school days based on the Ontario Ministry of Education32 School Year Calendar. Daily fees multiplied by 21 to get monthly fees.

6 PA33 Activity Day Camps for School Aged Children (5-12yrs): $27/day.34

Toddlers $8100 $8100 $8100 $0

Before & After $2920 $2920 $0 $0

6 PA Days $162 $162 $0 $0

TOTAL $11182 $11182 $8100 $0

Summer and Winter Holidays Child Care for School Aged Children

In addition to before and after school care, and care for PA days, it is assumed that school aged children also require care for the winter break, march break and summer holidays. Two of the 9 weeks summer holidays, school aged children will not require care as the parents will be on vacation. As parents are eligible for the child activity and the child arts federal credit, it is assumed that the care found is also eligible for one of the credits. City of Brantford RecConnect34 database of activities was used to estimate costs for activities during the school holidays.

5-Day Winter Break fee for 5-12yrs =$27/day = $135.

1 week March Break (City of Brantford): i.e., Earl’s Fun Camp for 6-12yrs = $160.

7 week summer camps (different themes each week): i.e., Summer Splash Camp =$135/week.

Winter Break $270 $270 $0 $0

March Break $160 $160 $0 $0

7 Weeks Summer $945 $945 $0 $0

TOTAL $1375 $1375 $0 $0

HE

ALT

H C

AR

E

Life InsuranceKanetix.ca: $250,000 Coverage; 10 year term; Equitable Life Of Canada quote.

$260 $135 $135 $175

Critical Illness InsuranceKanetix.ca: $250,000 Coverage, 10 year term (SSQ Financial Group quote); Coverage; for more than 1 adult ,costs are calculated for both adults

$1525 $615 $538 $655

Non OHIP MedicalKanetix.ca: Greensheild quote, Health, dental and drug plan; Covers medical and dental emergencies not covered by provincial plan, including prescription drugs

$1692 $1425 $1188 $636




SO

CIA

L IN

CLU

SIO

N

Monthly Family Dinner and a Movie

Cineplex Galaxy Movie tickets for adults, $10.99 + tax and children $7.99 + tax. Dinner (using Boston Pizza online menu): Approximately $16 per main / Kids’ Menu items: $6.99 per item (+tax).

$1158 $786 $579 $372

Family Vacation (2 Weeks/Year)

It is assumed that all families, except for the family of one person have 1 week camping vacation, and one week staycation where they visit Earl Haig Fun Park (a local water and activity park) and Toronto City Attractions (CN Tower, Royal Ontario Museum, Casa Loma, Toronto Zoo and the Ontario Science Center) which are available through a City Pass35 purchase. For the one-person family, it is assumed that 1 week is a camping vacation, and another week is a staycation with an allowance of $300, as some of the staycation activities included for the families may not be suitable for a single person.

1-week-campground vacation

Ontario Parks: regular with electricity campsite, base fee: $40 + $5.20 (HST) = $45.20 fee per campsite per night = $316 for 1 week.36 Food is not estimated here as the nutritious food basket cost is already accounted for under ‘food’ expenses. Similarly, no estimate for gas, as the vehicle would have otherwise been used for other purposes if not on vacation, thus the gas cost has been accounted for under ‘vehicle operation’ expense. The single person rents a compact car 37 for the 1 week = $320 including the car insurance and gas estimate.

1-week-staycation

Adul

t Ad

mis

sion

(in

cl. t

ax)

Child

Adm

issi

on(in

cl. t

ax)

Park

ing

Fam

ily

of 4

Fam

ily

of 3

Fam

ily

of 2

Toronto City Pass $69.50 $44.75 $228.50 $159.00 $114.25

CN Tower $20.00 $20.00 $20.00 $20.00

Royal Ontario Museum $11.00 $11.00 $11.00 $11.00

Casa Loma $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00

Toronto Zoo $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00

Ontario Science Centre $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00

Early Haig Family Fun Park $12.25 $9.25 $0.00 $43.00 $30.75 $21.50

Total Food Cost = 6 locations x [$20(#adult) + $10(#child)] $360.00 $240.00 $180.00

Total Gas Cost = 6 locations x $20/location $120.00 $120.00 $120.00

Total Staycation Cost $812.50 $610.75 $496.75

Food Costs are estimated based on one meal per each individual per vacation day, however it is important to note that this is in addition to the nutritious food basket that has already been included under the ‘food’ expense category.





SO

CIA

L IN

CLU

SIO

N

Family VacationContinued ...

Gas costs estimated as $20/location as families would have used the car during this week for other purposes if not on vacation, so the estimated cost is partial cost in addition to what they would have used the car for their non-vacation routine already estimated under the ‘vehicle operation’ expense.

$1129 $927 $813 $936

RecreationYMCA38 memberships: Family = $75/month+ tax, Adult= $41.50/month+ tax, Child= $24/month (tax exempt).

$1017 $1017 $851 $563

Children’s School Fees

Derived using school registration fee data from two local schools. Fees applicable for school aged children. Fees include: School activity fee/athletic fee = $50, school photos/yearbook =$40, student card = $40, Field trips = $100, pizza day & other fundraisers = $60, and school supplies = $15.

$305 $305 $0 $0

GiftsStatistics Canada: estimated as 25% of the 2012 SHS25 value (2nd income quintile) for the item, adjusted for in� ation and family size.

$311 $220 $269 $155

OT

HE

R

Continuing Education

Two continuing education courses per year for one of the adults in the family to upgrade skills. The cost per course was determined by averaging four online courses from Business, Health, Technology and Skills Trades and Community Services form Mohawk College, using their Continuing Education and Online Learning Catalogue for Fall 2014.39

$660 $660 $660 $660

Reading MaterialsStatistics Canada: Similar method as the Personal Care and Laundry above.

$95 $82 $67 $47

Home Entertainment Equipment and Services

Statistics Canada: Entertainment supplies estimated from the 2012 SHS25 value (2nd income quintile) for the item, adjusted for in� ation and family size

$239 $207 $169 $120

Bank Fees

Estimated as the average banking fees for an unlimited chequing account (also joint account for two adults) from Canada Trust, Royal Bank of Canada, Bank of Montreal and Scotia Bank.

$170 $170 $170 $170




OT

HE

R

Other Services (not specifi ed)

Statistics Canada: Subtract the values for all items included in the de� nition of “other” category of the MBM40 (Monthly Family Dinners and Movie, Household Operations, Maintenance and Equipment, Personal Care, Bank Fees, School Supplies, Recreation, Reading Materials and Other Printed Materials, Home Entertainment and Services, Gifts and Phone and Internet, excusing Children’s Camps in Child Activity and Arts as their primary role in the calculation was to serve as daycare) from the 2011 MBM “Other” category for Ontario population of 100,000 to 499,000, adjusted for in� ation and family size.

$904 $700 $536 $112

Contingency 4%

Estimated as 4% of the family’s total expenses. Contingency amounts for the lone parents are estimated after using child support to mitigate the total expenses.

$2311 $1867 $1549 $960


28 | BRANT COUNTY HEALTH UNIT BRANT COUNTY HEALTH UNIT | 28

Weekly Cost of a Nutritious Food Basket in Brant County, by Age and Sex

FEMALECost / week

AGE MALECost / week

CHILDREN & YOUTH

$24.60 2-3 $25.08

$31.42 4-8 $32.38

$36.87 9-13 $43.14

$44.34 14-18 $62.08

ADULTS & SENIORS

$46.61 19-30 $60.26

$46.01 31-50 $54.34

$40.29 51-70 $52.35

$39.53 70 + $51.86

Adjustment Factor Based onNumber of People in Household

Number of peoplein household

Adjustment factor

1 person Multiply by 1.20

2 people Multiply by 1.10

3 people Multiply by 1.05

4 people No change

5-6 people Multiply by 0.95

7 people or more Multiply by 0.90

Example

SEX AGE COST

F 30 $46.61

F 7 $31.42

M 3 $25.08

Subtotal $103.11

ADJUSTMENT FACTOR X 1.05

TOTAL $108.27/week

TOTAL x 4.33 $468.79/month

APPENDIX B: 2014 Nutritious Food Basket Data


APPENDIX C: Statistics Canada Data

MARKET BASKET MEASURES

Source: Statistics Canada. Table 202-0809 - Market Basket Measure Thresholds (2011 base) for reference family, by Market Basket Measure region and component, 2011 constant dollars, annual (dollars), CANSIM (database). (accessed: 2014-08-20)

STATISTICS CANADA GUIDANCE TO ADJUST FOR FAMILY SIZE

To convert to other family sizes, divide these values by 2 (the square root of the reference family size of four persons) and then multiply by the square root of the desired family size. For example, if the MBM threshold for a given region is $27,500 for the reference family of two adults and two children:

• To convert this threshold to a three-person family, the following calculation is made: ($27,500 ÷ 2) × (square root of 3) = $13,750 × 1.732 = $23,816

• To covert the threshold to two-person family, the following calculation is made: ($27,500 ÷ 2) × (square root of 2) = $13,750 × 1.414 = $19,445

• To convert the threshold to a single-person family, the following calculation is made: ($27,500 ÷ 2) × (square root of 1) = $13,750 × 1 = $13,750



ADJUSTING FOR INFLATION

In� ation Calculator at: http://www.bankofcanada.ca/rates/related/in� ation-calculator/

THE PROCESS OF ESTIMATING HOUSEHOLD OPERATIONS, FURNISHINGS AND EQUIPMENT, PERSONAL CARE AND READING MATERIALS

Source: Statistics Canada. Table 203-0022 - Survey of household spending (SHS), household spending, Canada, regions and provinces, by household income quintile, annual (dollars), CANSIM (database). (accessed: 2014-08-20)

In order to calculate the expenditures on household operation, furnishing and equipment, personal care and reading materials and other matter, two data sources have been used: the Statistics Canada Market Basket Measure (MBM) (2011) Table 202-0809 and Statistics Canada’s Survey of Household Spending (SHS) (2012) Table 203-0022 (both posted previously in Appendix C), to create Table 11 (listed below) in order to derive expense estimates for the household operations, furnishings and equipment, personal care and reading materials.


1. The � rst column of Table 11 below lists the items in the “other” category of the MBM 40

2. The second column in Table 11 is populated by the data from the SHS (2012), Table 203-0022 (posted above) for the second income quintile, for each corresponding item in the “other” category. (Note: the SHS data on the Statistics Canada Website can be set to include and exclude particular items from the SHS tables, the income quintiles, and more, by accessing the “Add/Remove Data” tab, thus seeking information only for items of interest).

3. The third column is populated by proportions of costs from the second column, by dividing each cost by the total and multiplying by 100. For example: 2922/12865*100=22.7%.

4. The 4th, 5th 6th and 7th column, are populated by � rst setting the TOTAL for each column, which for the Family of 4, (4th column) it is essentially the MBM “Other” category from the 2011 MBM data Table 202-0809, adjusted for in� ation from 2011 to 2014 ($8,744 to $9189.23). This number is then adjusted for family size, by using the Statistics Canada method provided earlier in Appendix C: dividing the value by 2 (the square root of the reference family size of four persons) and then multiplying by the square root of the desired family size. For example, to adjust the number for a family of 3 persons (the total for the 5th column): $9189.23/2*(square root of 3) = $7958.1

5. In order to � nd the MBM values for each item, the totals (calculated in the step above) for each column, are multiplied by the proportion for each item (3rd column). For example, to � nd the MBM for a family of 4 for the household operations item: $9189.23*0.227=2087.1. (Note: excel was used for the calculations and thus the numbers were not rounded off until the end, and thus are slightly different)

TABLE 11. ESTIMATES FOR THE ITEMS IN THE “OTHER” CATEGORY OF THE MBM

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Items in the “Other” Category of the MBM SHS 2nd Income

Quintile (2012)

Item % of Total

SHS

MBM StandardFamily of

4

MBMAdjusted - Family of

3


2


1

Household Operation $2922 22.7% $2087.1 $1807.5 $1475.8 $1043.6

Household Furnishings & Equipment $1607 12.5% $1147.9 $994.1 $811.7 $573.9

Health Care $1486 11.6%

Personal Care $890 6.9% $635.7 $550.5 $449.5 $317.9

Recreation $1841 14.3%

Reading Materials and Other Printed Matter $132 1.0% $94.3 $81.7 $66.7 $47.1

Education $938 7.3%

Tobacco Products and Alcoholic Beverages $481 3.7%

Games of Chance (net) $131 1.0%

Miscellaneous Expenditures $840 6.5%

Personal Insurance & Pension Contributions $1597 12.4%

TOTAL $12865 100% $9189.23 $7958.1 $6497.8 $4594.6



APPENDIX D: Estimating Child Support Income

The Government of Canada Department of Justice child support table10 was used to calculate the amount of child support income that a lone parent is eligible for, assuming that the parent paying the support payment resides in Ontario and has the same income as the primary parent. The estimation of child support for a scenario where the parent paying the support has the same income as the primary parent involved an iterative process starting by using the annual employment income derived from the living wage calculator for the single parent without child support. That income was used to estimate child support and then the child support was included as a negative expense in the calculator to estimate the new employment income. The new employment income was then used to estimate the new child support amount. This process was repeated until the estimated child support was based on an income that was the same as the annual household income similar to the primary parent.


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