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Running head: LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF
DELHI
2LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
Literature Review
Introduction Urban growth is considered to be a well known worldwide phenomenon and in the global
context it is highly affecting the land cover.Land cover is a description that implies something
about the biogeophysical characteristics of a portion of the earth surface, e.g. water body,
woodland, bare ground. However, land use is the description of how a land area is used, e.g.
arable agriculture, residential housing, shopping mall (Mell, 2015). Urbanization is growing fast
majorly in developing country like India and it has brought significant adverse effect because of
unorganized expansion, rapidly increasing population and increased immigration. According to
the experts urban growth is the primary reason behind several emerging environmental issues
like decreased air quality, subsequent flooding, increased local temperature and deterioration of
the water quality. Fast growing cities of India like Noida and Gurgaon have encountered rapid
environmental changes due to rapid urbanization that mostly unplanned.Land use and land cover
changes modify the existing land use and land cover, and are caused by proximate causes and
underlying drivers, which are socio-economic, demographic, political and technological in nature
(Orkin, 2014). These drivers can be modified by environmental factors such a rapid-onset
hazards, e.g., flooding, or slow-onset events such as climate change. Different drivers have led to
significant land use and land cover changes in Noida and Gurgaon, two districts on the edge of
Delhi, which are the focus of this research thesis. Information regarding the issue of urban
growth, land use and land cover change study have proved to be immensely helpful for the urban
planners for betterment of the future plans which leads to sustainable development of a city.
Urban growth models The study of urban land use can be drawn from three different descriptive models. These models
have been developed in order to generalize the patterns of urban land use. The models which
have been used in order to understand the urban growth are Concentric Zone model, Sector
model and Multiple Nuclei Model of Urban land use.
3LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
Concentric Zone model: Urban social structures have been evaluated with the help of
concentric model which is also known as the Burgess model. The model is developed based on
the human ecology theory and it explains the distribution of the social groups and the population
concentration accordingly. The concentric ring model also depicts the urban land usage in the
concentric rings. The zones that are identified by this model are:
● The central business district which remains the central point and that is also considered to
be the focal point.
● The transitional zone which is consisted of mix residential and the commercial uses and
thus it is considered to be the zone transition.
● The working class residential mainly found in the inner suburbs that later was titled as
inner lands or inner city zone.
● Better quality middle class housing which is mainly based in the outer suburbs.
● Lastly the commuter zone.
Many contemporary urban geographers have drawn several drawbacks of this model and it is
considered to be not relevant enough for the cities which are outside United States as it depicts
the peculiar American geography and assumes an isotropic plane which is an even and
unchanged landscape (McBride, 2017).
4LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
Figure 1: Burgess Model
(source : self developed)
Hoyt model: the sector model which is also known as the Hoytb model of urban land use is a
modification of the concentric zone model of city development (Kallawicha, 2015). The
application of this particular model has certain benefits including the fact that it allows for an
outward progression of growth.
Figure 2:Hoyt model diagram
Source: (Kallawicha, 2015)
5LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
This model suggests that the growth of the new city is commenced through the development of a
series of sectors or wedges. Traditional communication routes are grown along with the
development. It is important to note that low quality housing comes next to the industrial zone
according to this model. Similarly, middleclass next to the low class and the high class remains
as far as possible from the industrial area and the low class population.
Multiple nuclei model: The Multiple Nuclei Model is an economical model that describes the
layout of a city which is based on the model of San Francisco. As per this model even if a city
have begun with a central business unit or CBD, it is possible that other CBDs to develop on the
outskirts of the city. Because of this nodes or nuclei are created in the other parts of the city. This
model aims at presenting a more realistic and complicated structure of urbanized city. The
primary goal of the model was to move away from the concentric zone model and better reflect
the complex nature of the urban areas which are larger in size (Davies, 2015).
Figure 3: Multiple Nuclei Model
Source: (Davies, 2015).
Land use and land covers change associated with urban growth, urban sprawl and pre-urbanization using Drivers model The structure of t5he cultural landscape is determined majorly by human decisions but the land
cover is highly affected by the environmental drivers. The drivers model effectively identifies the
6LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
reasons behind unplanned urban growth and its consequences on the emerging environmental
issues.
The land use and the land cover changes the environment and the surrounding urban areas and it
is related to the anthropogenic activities, which creates lot of problems. Due to this issue the land
surface temperature is increasing.
The expanding population size of this capital city (Delhi) is directly affecting at the land use and
land cover issues. Due to the changing and modern infrastructure or urbanization in Delhi, the
extended part of Delhi is also changing in nature (Kumar et al. 2014).
Noida stands for new Okhla industrial development authority. This city is renowned for the
industrial development and it also developing for more than 70 decades. The land use of Noida is
very industrial based. In addition, the Government of India has developed this specific place as
an industrial junction of India. It comes under the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Area Development
Act, 17th April 1976. The land use has changed until the year of 2000. Several institutional and
residential buildings came on agricultural land before 2001. After the year of 2001, the main land
use of Noida has done on high-rise residential buildings. Noida is well connected to Delhi
through various roads, which has been spread over an area of 20316 hectares. In the year of
2015, Noida was ranked the best city in housing sector in India according to the news channels.
IT and IT enabled services industry with many different large companies is still setting up their
business in this city. Because of the over population, the Noida authority CEO has focused in the
environment of the city. In the last few decades, the ‘green Noida, clean Noida’ concept has
helped the city to develop the greenery coverage of the area. Today, Noida is India’s greenest
city covered with 50 percent of greenery (Acharya, Sen, Punia & Reddy, 2017).
The city Gurgaon is situated in the national capital region. The Haryana government has used the
land as the main commercial zone of this region. They also have been developed residential
properties within these commercial complexes. The new land ‘mixed land use licensing policy
for commercial zones’ has helped to develop the commercial sector of Gurgaon. The land cover
of this area includes water bodies, wetland, forest etc, which is related to this city. These external
drivers affect the Rohtak district, where this city is situated. The government of the area also
concentrated on the land cover of the city to manage the area's environment (Chaudhuri, Singh &
Rai, 2017). Noteworthy explanation behind this exceptional abatement in district under
Cultivating use was an enormous addition in urban range. Table orchestrated using GIS tech
7LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
show that 11387 hectares of rich cultivating region was lost as unrecoverable i.e. arrive where
immutable improvement has happened and 3712 hectare as an unfilled land left open, showing
up next augmentation site for created. The rule factors affecting the urban outskirts arrive change
are improvement of current, business and institutional activities. In addition, as a result of
urbanization and extending design towards urban development for business and other
developmental open door the organization of Delhi isn't an inside and out orchestrated or choice
sum. Change along genuine corridors is the perceiving feature of urban sprawl in this period.
Delhi in its past stage created towards east yet in the last 15years it stretched out along different
national highways.
Discussion on urban growth, urban sprawl and pre-urbanization (500)Pri-urbanization means an area, which is metamorphosed due to the migration of people from
rural areas to cities or more specifically metropolitan cities. The migration specifically takes
place due to a certain reasons. First, due to urbanization and exploitation of fertile land covers,
many people who used to sustain their lives by means of practicing agriculture or farming faced
havoc consequences due to sudden industrialization and commercialization (Schindler &
Kishore, 2015). The unfathomable ambition and greed of business tycoons led to the suffering of
the people who belong from the underprivileged section of the society, or more specifically the
poor farmers and woodcutters. According to (Padilla-Díaz, 2015), it has been stated that the
sudden migration of the poor and underprivileged class of people into the urban areas affected
the natural vegetation and equilibrium of the land covers of Noida and Gurgaon. Lack of
provision and proper opportunities in the rural areas has led to overpopulation in the urban areas.
This has certainly led to the growth of slums in the urban areas. Therefore, the natural land
covers has been exploited to a great degree. Overpopulation has become one of the vital issues
regarding the exploitation of the greenery and the land covers that used to be in a normal state in
the past (Ahluwalia& Mohanty, 2014).
According to a certain survey and researchers like (Rai & Saha, 2015) it has been learned that the
main reason behind urban growth in population is over migration of people from rural areas.
Exploitation of fertile land has led to such a situation in Noida and Gurgaon. The poor farmers
were denied of their traditional rights and were forced to migration in the urban areas
8LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
purposelessly. Informal settlements like slums have increased due to the intervention of the
industrialists in the rural areas. Urban growth can be interpreted in two certain ways (Sharma &
Joshi, 2013). Firstly, it can be comprehended that the population of Noida and Gurgaon has
increased drastically and this in turn can be directly related to the population growth of those
mentioned areas. On the other hand, growth can mean progress of Noida and Gurgaon in terms
of economy. According to Saxena, it is comprehended that Noida and Gurgaon has excelled
expectedly in terms of business and infrastructural development. However, infrastructural
development has led to serious consequences as there has been repetitive reports of massive
deforestation and unusual exploitation of the natural resources (Raj & Saha, 2015). Materialistic
development has affected the natural habitat and fertile land covers of Noida and Gurgaon.
The overall effect of the change in the society is very much apparent. In comparison with its past
livelihood with the modern livelihood, the people of the Delhi it can easily evident that the
overall life standard has been drastically improved (Ghosh et al 2014). The income level of every
family has been increased rapidly when the consumerism is out broke in the system of social
structure. These factors will be discussed in detail. The Gurgaon is mainly such kind of city,
which is maximally producing the usable goods; therefore, it can be easily predictable that this
area is rapidly developing the industry in the overall geographical domain of the Gurgaon. The
other city is Noida, which mainly deals with the consumerism factor. Which type product is
manufactured in the Gurgaon has the opportunity to represent those in the open market of the
Noida.
SummaryAfter reviewing all the literatures, which has been analyzed in the above section of this chapter,
it has been evaluated that both the cities have different purpose for using their agricultural land.
As this chapter is completely based on the comparison of two major cities of Delhi, even for
India also, have different specialization and perceptions for using the land, moreover, this
chapter focuses on the land use along with the land cover that change at the edge of Delhi. In
addition, this chapter more focuses on the driving forces along agricultural forces used by both
the cities. Furthermore, there are few sections of this chapter, which further is based on various
models that are Urban Growth model and the Drivers Model. Both the models have contributed
for reviewing the living style and working style of the people, living in both the cities. Both the
9LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
cities have contributed in the development of Delhi as well as for India, moreover, for the sake of
development in terms of industrialization and commercialization, it has been found that Gurgaon
and Noida, both of them have not been using their agricultural land properly. The Government of
that city can utilize the land in an efficient manner. After analyzing the models and linking with
the literature review, it has been found that success of both have been affecting the sustenance of
the agricultural business across the globe.
Evidence
Comparison between the population growth of Noida and GurgaonIn the context of Delhi, it can be said that, since it is the national Capital Territory of India, the
urban area of the city has attained a special status of capital region of the nation. Noida, being the
neighbouring city of Delhi has evidently witnessed a massive growth in the last few years.
It is important to note that, both Gurgaon and Noida are modern cities with developed
infrastructure and several facilities. In the last 10 years, both the cities have faced infrastructural
developments, which is another important facet of development among the two cities.
When it comes to residential, shopping or educational facilities, Noida has been providing more
facilities and improved facilities to the people all over the world. It is also important to note that,
since the educational facilities and residential facilities are improved, Noida has been witnessing
a massive population growth in the last few years. Since Noida is well connected with the roads
of Delhi, the transport facility has also developed for entering into the city (Bernard, 2013). Most
of the IT infrastructural companies have settled in Noida, which has also facilitated the
population growth of the city.
The land use and the land cover changes the environment and the surrounding urban areas and it
is related to the anthropogenic activities, which creates lot of problems. Due to this issue the land
surface temperature is increasing.
The land use of Noida is very industrial based. In addition, the Government of India has
developed this specific place as an industrial junction of India. It comes under the Uttar Pradesh
Industrial Area Development Act, 17th April 1976. The land use has changed until the year of
2000. Several institutional and residential buildings came on agricultural land before 2001. After
the year of 2001, the main land use of Noida has done on high-rise residential buildings. Noida is
10LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
well connected to Delhi through various roads, which has been spread over an area of 20316
hectares. In the year of 2015, Noida was ranked the best city in housing sector in India according
to the news channels. IT and IT enabled services industry with many different large companies is
still setting up their business in this city.
Contrast between Noida-Industrial and Gurgaon-commercialIndustrialization is very predominant in the states of Noida and Gurgaon. In India, among most
of the metropolitan cities, Gurgaon has flourished rapidly in terms of infrastructural
development. Many companies have established themselves in the states of Noida and Gurgaon.
In Gurgaon, many foreign and domestic organizations have made their settlements in recent
times. Adequate number of candidates got recruited in various companies in Noida and Gurgaon.
However, the consequences of materialistic and infrastructural growth are havoc
Commercialization in Noida and Gurgaon has become a challenging issue. The overpopulation
of the cities offers considerable resistance to the transportation of the manufactured products
from the factories. Commercialization gets affected indirectly by the overcrowding of the streets.
The informal settlements like the slums near the highways and roads meant for the transportation
purposes are congested.
Therefore, it can be propagated that, Noida has managed to provide an improved and better
infrastructure, along with developed facilities, in comparison to the infrastructure and facilities
provided by Gurgaon. On the other hand, it can also be said that, in the context of transport and
education facilities, Noida again is a much improved city than Gurgaon. Therefore, it can be
evidently said that, the population growth in Noida is much facilitated than Gurgaon (Broad,
2014). However, in the context of development of real estate, it is backed by the creating an
association with the physical infrastructure, which higher in both Greater Noida and Noida;
whereas, in Gurgaon, the scenario is the opposite, as the development of infrastructure is
prominent only after the full exploitation of the potentiality of the real estate.
Policies and actionsThe policies and actions in both Noida and Gurgaon are influenced by the methods and
procedures that are to be attributed by the cities. It is also important to note that, since Noida is
characterised by a massive growth in the population, this, the policies and actions are more
implemented on the inhabitants of the city. It can also be said that, the predominant policy,
11LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
which is strictly followed by Noida is the monitoring of the residential complexes that are being
made in the city. There are strict laws that are made in the building regulations of Noida. Since
Noida is the city with improved facilities and developed residential areas, thus, the building and
regulations of 2006 is one of the pivotal policies that is followed by the city.
Then again, in the context of Gurgaon, the same policies are being followed throughout the city.
The city has strict rules of implementing effective strategies and policies for the development of
the infrastructure and processes in the city.
Effect on agriculture and land mapsDelhi is one the major metropolitan city of India; where the Noida and the Gurgaon can be
labelled as such kind of city, which are the results of decentralized the extra population who are
migrating from the different countries. The Noida and Gurgaon are those kinds of cities of the
Delhi, which are mainly made accommodation of those migrating people.
12LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
Figure 4: agricultural and land map of Noida
Delhi is mainly unable to accommodate the extra population. Other reasons for evolving these
two cities are to decentralize the activities of industrial zone. The uncontrolled growth of the
population is led the Delhi government to take the decision to do land cover for accommodate
those huge population.
13LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
Figure 5: Agricultural and land map of Gurgaon
In today's world, the mass media directly influence its target audience to manipulate their
thinking pattern, structured their way in some productive way as if they select that kind of
advertisement or broadcasting content in order to manipulate the purchasing behaviour of their
target audience. According to the past study regarding this particular topic of consumerism the
target audience of any particular media become very much influenced when they are became the
premium audience of any particular media (Ahmad et al. 2016).
With the advancement in the livelihood of people in both the cities, the agriculture and land use
has increased to a great extent. For the purpose of making residential complex and educational
facilities, the cities have been providing enormous land use to facilitate the working process.
Therefore, it can be evidently said that, the aspect of land use is more in Noida, due to the
massive population growth in Noida, the land use has increased to a great extent in the city. On
the other hand, Gurgaon is on the peak of achieving population growth and is also using great
amount of lands for the facilitation of better residential and educational facilities.
SummaryTherefore, it can be concluded by stating that, the aspects of land use and the contrasting features
offered between Gurgaon and Noida helps in the attainment of the predominant features of both
the cities. It also provides an extensive knowledge regarding the existing condition of the cities,
and also points out the changes that the cities need to formulate in order to attain the most of
population growth.
14LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
Population growth has played a major role in the exploitation of land cover, thus, leading to
deforestation and acquiring of the cultivable land. The urban land use or land cover guide of
Delhi for the year 1992 has been prepared utilizing Landsat TM data. The extensive land use
classes have been taken from TM data. The gathering of various classes has been upgraded using
ground. Specifically, in the greater towns and urban territories of the making world the rate of
people increase has been steady and nowadays, a significant parcel of them are defying off the
cuff and uncontrolled settlements at the thickly populated goals or edges.
Analysis and Discussion
IntroductionThis chapter focuses on analyzing the driving forces, which have been operating in both the
properties of Delhi, One is Gurgaon and another one is Noida. Moreover, this analysis can be
done by comparing the operational process of both the cities, that how these cities are different
from each other based on their operating procedure. In addition, these two are varied in
accordance with the agricultural land, that is, the total coverage area for agriculture, which both
the cities have been using, the reasons for which they use their agricultural land and at which
extent they use it; all these factors are going to be analyzed in this chapter. As growth of
population has played a major role in the exploitation of land cover, thus, leading to
deforestation and acquiring of the cultivable land (Acharya et al. 2017). The urban land use or
land cover guide of Delhi for the year 1992 has been prepared utilizing Landsat TM data. The
extensive land use classes have been taken from TM data. The gathering of various classes has
been upgraded using ground. Specifically, in the greater towns and urban territories of the
making world the rate of people increase has been steady and nowadays, a significant parcel of
them are defying off the cuff and uncontrolled settlements at the thickly populated goals or
edges. After analysing all the aspects of comparison between land use of Gurgaon and Noida,
this chapter has been enclosed by giving a short brief based on what has been done in this
chapter and the findings of the analysis.
Difference between the driving forces operating in Noida and GurgaonAfter analyzing the literature review, it has been found that both the cities are quite different in
terms of their driving forces, which often create problem to both cities. With the extension of the
15LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
Delhi Metro, which have been proposed phase 3, the travel time between these two cities can
come down approx. around 40 to 45 minutes, as the time taken by the travelers now a day is
approx. 1 hour and 15 minutes. In addition, apart from metro as one of the major transport
system available in the entire Delhi including Gurgaon and Noida, the business person, even
some of the service man love to reach their destination by driving their own car (Ahluwalia, I., &
Mohanty, 2014). Moreover, it is well known that IT hub system of North India lies within Noida
and few of them are present at the border of Gurgaon and Delhi; therefore, the residents of Delhi
need to go to either Noida or Gurgaon. Thus, they need to travel from one area to their
destination, moreover, at the same time, they need to maintain a particular speed, which they
usually maintain; whereas, the driver of other cars such as passengers car, the driver often fails to
maintain the traffic rules and usually commit mistake either intentionally or unintentionally.
Furthermore, according to the Drivers model, which has been discussed in the Literature review,
the operational manager of the organization can assess the situation, can give direction to their
strategy, and can implement the plan. In addition, they further can monitor the progress also. The
driving forces of these cities is different from each other, a metro journey from the Huda city
centre in Gurgaon to the Botanical Garden of Noida, takes one hour 15 minutes having
interchanged at a huge congested area as Rajiv Chowk (Ahmad et al. 2016). The road journey
between Gurgaon and Noida can take approx. 1 hour and 15 minutes; therefore, the commuters
need to have transverse via the congested streets of New Delhi. The drivers of both the cities are
different in attitude and driving style as well. The driving style of Gurgaon is based on the
aggressive nature of the driver, the driver’s personality can be shown on their driving style; while
on the other hand, these two cities’ driver are completely different from other cities. They are
arrogant, aggressive and a bit ride in nature as compared to other cities. The overall livelihood of
the public of the Gurgaon and the Noida are hugely improved than its previous condition of the
people. The livelihoods became elite class after knowing the value of the standard lifestyle
(Bergh & Ketchen, 2014). The basic livelihood mainly improved for the consumerism factor. In
this prospect, the direct and indirect influence also comes from the effect of media. Media is
trying to create the “Mass culture”. Mass culture is such a concept, which depicts that type of
culture, which is spread towards the general mass through the mass media. In today's world, the
mass media directly influence its target audience to manipulate their thinking pattern, structured
their way in some productive way as if they select that kind of advertisement or broadcasting
16LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
content in order to manipulate the purchasing behaviour of their target audience. Urban growth
can be interpreted in two certain ways (Bernard, 2013). Firstly, it can be comprehended that the
population of Noida and Gurgaon has increased drastically and this in turn can be directly related
to the population growth of those mentioned areas. On the other hand, growth can mean progress
of Noida and Gurgaon in terms of economy. According to Broad (2014), it is comprehended that
Noida and Gurgaon has excelled expectedly in terms of business and infrastructural
development. However, infrastructural development has led to serious consequences, as there has
been repetitive reports of massive deforestation and unusual exploitation of the natural resources.
Peri-urbanization means an area, which is metamorphosed due to the migration of people from
rural areas to cities or more specifically metropolitan cities. The migration specifically takes
place due to a certain reasons. First, due to urbanization and exploitation of fertile land covers,
many people who used to sustain their lives by means of practicing agriculture or farming faced
havoc consequences due to sudden industrialization and commercialization. The government of
the area also concentrated on the land cover of the city to manage the area's environment. The
government of the area also concentrated on the land cover of the city to manage the area's
environment. Noteworthy explanation behind this exceptional abatement in district under
Cultivating use was an enormous addition in urban range (Burns, 2014). Additionally, there are
also several causes related to the changes in the ecology that has taken place.
Difference between the agricultural landAgricultural land is used by both the cities are different from the purpose. As it is well known
that Gurgaon lies at the border of Haryana and Delhi, moreover, Noida lies at the border of Uttar
Pradesh. In addition, Noida stands for the new industrial development authority of Okhla; Noida
is renowned for the industrial cities; on the other hand, Gurgaon is famous for the
commercialization development industry. Both the cities have their own specialist regarding the
agriculture use (Weigold et al. 2013). In addition, Noida uses their agriculture land for building
IT industries and making this city as an IT hub; whereas, Gurgaon uses their agricultural land for
building the commercial complexes and for making this city as a commercial Hub. In addition,
Gurgaon is well known for its commercialization and Noida is known for its industrialization.
However, both the cities have failed for comprehending the importance of nature and agriculture.
Industrialization is very predominant in the states of Noida and Gurgaon. In India, among most
17LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
of the metropolitan cities, Gurgaon has flourished rapidly in terms of infrastructural development
(Bryman & Bell, 2012). Many companies have established themselves in the states of Noida and
Gurgaon. In Gurgaon, many foreign and domestic organizations have made their settlements in
recent times. Adequate number of candidates got recruited in various companies in Noida and
Gurgaon. However, the consequences of materialistic and infrastructural growth are havoc.
There is a grim story behind the polished and infrastructural developed landscape of Noida and
Gurgaon. On one hand, industrialization has proved to be a blessing to the literate section of the
society and on the other hand, it affected thousands of underprivileged lives of the urban areas.
The impact of industrialization in the lives of thousands of rural people is completely disastrous.
Commercialization in Noida and Gurgaon has become a challenging issue. The overpopulation
of the cities offers considerable resistance to the transportation of the manufactured products
from the factories. Commercialization gets affected indirectly by the overcrowding of the streets.
The informal settlements like the slums near the highways and roads meant for the transportation
purposes are congested. As a result, commercialization faces ample challenges (Sharma & Joshi,
2016). Moreover, due to the wastage and depletion of fertile land covers, trees and water bodies,
the scope of agriculture got reduced and commercialization of agricultural commodities got
seriously affected. With a lack of fertile land for the purpose of agriculture, the scope of
agricultural practices has been diminished. According to Sen & Yadav (2017), it is
comprehended that deforestation and exploitation of the natural habitat has diminished the scope
of commercialization of the agricultural commodities in Noida and Gurgaon. Industrial growth
has not triggered commercialization of agricultural commodities. It is known to everyone that
most of the Indian economy is based on the trade of agricultural commodities. The distinction
between the land cover areas and the land cover changes apparent on those two areas of the
Gurgaon and the Noida. The main difference among the land use and land cover are
differentiated such as the land cover areas are those areas which have the resource like the
natural environmental resources are used to cover the land and the land use is something to
make some mechanistic change through the industrialization process. The areas where the
construction is being made for the purpose of development scan brew considered as the land
usage material in order to expand the wheel of development and implement some action for
increase the productivity level (Chaudhuri et al. 2017). The area is the land covered areas which
can be stated those areas which are covered by the environmental elements like the other kind of
18LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AT THE EDGE OF DELHI
elements like ponds. Land use is the description of how a land area is used, e.g. arable
agriculture, residential housing, shopping mall. Land use and land cover changes modify the
existing land use and land cover, and are caused by proximate causes and underlying drivers,
which are socio-economic, demographic, political and technological in nature. These drivers can
be modified by environmental factors such a rapid-onset hazards, e.g., flooding, or slow-onset
events such as climate change. Different drivers have led to significant land use and land cover
changes in Noida and Gurgaon, two districts on the edge of Delhi, which are the focus of this
research thesis. The land use of Noida is very industrial based. In addition, the Government of
India has developed this specific place as an industrial junction of India (Choudhary & Punia,
2017). It comes under the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Area Development Act, 17th April 1976. The
land use has changed until the year of 2000. Several institutional and residential buildings came
on agricultural land before 2001.
SummaryThis chapter has been given a proper structure and selection based on the analysis of the concepts
used in the previous chapter. This proper structure along with the selection of the appropriate
concepts has been implemented for the successful completion of this chapter. In addition, this
chapter has been enclosed by providing proper analysis of both the cities, Gurgaon and Noida.
This analysis is based on the comparison of driving forces and agriculture forces operated by
both the cities. Moreover, both the cities have its own specialization and importance that has
been analyzed in this chapter and the same concept has been analyzed in broad spectrum in the
literature review. The examination with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) and
Remote Sensing technique is to a great degree important gadget for urban land change. The
estimation of land use/arrive cover change is particularly useful for future urban masterminding
at neighbourhood likewise, overall level. Finally, though urban improvement cannot be ended,
with fitting organizing and orchestrating it can be constrained and facilitated in a charming and
supportable way, securing rich cultivating grounds. In addition, this chapter focuses on the
purpose of using the agricultural land done by both the cities, Gurgaon and Noida. The proper
establishment of this chapter has already been resulted after the successful completion of each
topic mentioned in this chapter.