literary terms - mrs. dusto's wiki @ lhs -...
TRANSCRIPT
Literary
Terms
Captions
Created and compiled by Pauline Hawkins
For
Liberty High School
English Department
Copyright 2006
Revision 2011
2
Types of Writing
Allegory
Caption: Pictures associated with Animal Farm. The farm is the literal lev-
el; the Kremlin is the allegorical (or figurative) level of the novel.
Caption: Mrs. Hawkins’ son said, “Look, Mommy, I decorated my face!”
This is a story meant to entertain.
Anecdote
Caption: These people are trying to persuade each other
through writing.
Argument
Caption: The woman is recalling important events in her life in order to
write an autobiography.
Autobiography
3
Types of Writing
Caption: This reporter will write a story about this boy, which will
make it a biography.
Biography
Caption: A happy theatre mask and blissful marriage are both symbols of
comedy. Comedies are funny and usually end in marriage.
Comedy
Caption: Like subjective writing, it shows a personal thing, such as a tooth-
brush.
Subjective
Caption:
This picture shows equal sides and fairness like a writer would do with
objective writing. The objects are equal. (Mnemonic device)
Objective
4
Types of Writing
Caption: On the left is a picture of James Bond, a popular spy. On the right
is Austin Powers, a man who comically portrays a James Bond-type
spy.
Parody
http://images. amazon.com/
images/G/01/
dvd/james-
bond /4/octupussy
2_lg.jpg
http://www. partybox.
co.uk/data/
images/ 6ftcutout
Austin
powers.jpg
Caption: This book is an example of a novel because it is more than
100 pages long.
Novel
Caption: The boy is reading a smaller book (less than a 100 pages).
Novella
Caption: Cinderella is a narration because it talks about a series of
events all related to one another.
Narration
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Types of Writing
Caption: The main characters can be introduced in the prologue of a play or
story. The characters are introducing each other here.
Prologue
Caption: These are regular books, not poetry.
Prose
Caption: Orwell ridiculed Communism in an attempt to change the
way people see it.
Satire
Napoleon
on
Animal
Farm
Caption: A sad face is shown to display an unhappy ending, usually death.
Tragedy
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Essay Writing Terms
Caption: In class Mr. Smiley had us write essays.
Essay
Caption: If you are talking about Cinderella, you will reference
Charles Perrault in the first sentence because he is the author.
Accreditation
Caption: This models what a thesis statement should look
like, including the topic and point of the essay.
Thesis Statement A thesis statement will have two parts. The first part states the topic; the second part states
the point of the essay.
First Part Second Part
England’s culture → has a rich and varied history.
Building a model train set → takes time and patience.
Public transportation → can solve some of our
city’s most persistent and
pressing problems.
Boxer → is deceived into destroying
himself for a cause that was
never his own.
Caption: You can tell the reader what topics you will be covering in the or-
der of support.
Forecast
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Essay Writing Terms
Caption: Someone working out, which gives you "power" or empower-
ment to do something.
Power Paragraph
Caption: These people are introducing each other just as a topic
sentence introduces information.
Topic Sentence
Caption: When you are writing your commentary/ analysis you are writ-
ing your own thoughts.
Commentary/Analysis
Caption: Going by statistics and facts, not your own opinion.
Support/Concrete Details
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Essay Writing Terms
Caption: This shows a deeper meaning and a magnified understanding.
Concluding Sentence
Caption: The boy ran with joy, when he completed his conclusion for his
essay.
Conclusion
Caption: When you look closer you can find a deeper meaning in life.
Intensified Insight
Caption: A summary sums up the main points of the writing.
Summary
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Essay Writing Terms
Caption: The audience determines the angle, words, and formality of the
content.
Audience
Caption: There are many different purposes for writing, so the writer has to
pick the right tool for the job, just like the different purposes of the dif-
ferent knives.
Purpose
Caption: The writer is showing an example of his writing that he
has had to investigate and then explain.
Expository Writing
Caption: Descriptive writing makes you feel emotions just like art
does.
Descriptive Writing
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Essay Writing Terms
Caption: The mom is telling a story to her child. She is the narrator.
Narrative Writing
Style
Caption: He convinced the girl to love him with his music.
Persuasive Writing
Caption: These women show their own style by expressing them-
selves just as a writer does in his/her writing.
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Story Elements
Caption: A clock, mouse, and pumpkin describe the events that happened
in Cinderella.
Plot
Caption: These students are being introduced to this lady like the
conflict is introduced in the exposition.
Basic Situation/Exposition
Caption: Two men are arm wrestling, representing characters of opposing
forces.
Conflict/Problem
Caption: This woman is having conflicting thoughts… An internal conflict.
Internal Conflict
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Story Elements
Caption A man is shown caught in a wind storm to represent an outside op-
posing force.
External Conflict
Caption: Someone trying to solve the complication, but a new problem
arises.
Main Events/Complications
Caption: One character is about to kill the other character which is the cli-
max of the story because we will find out how the conflict is going to
work out for the main character.
Climax
Resolution
Caption: Resolutions come at the end of the story.
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Story Elements
Caption: Untying the knot or discovering what happens.
Denouement
Caption: A man reflecting, looking at the world through his point-of-view.
Point-of-View
Caption: If Ariel were to sing me a song of her life, it would be in 1st per-
son.
Point-of-View: First-person
Caption: This narrator is focused on one person.
Point-of-View: Third-person
limited
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Story Elements
Caption: This shows a process just like characterization shows a
process of revealing a character.
Characterization
Caption: Stories that begin with the line “Once upon a Time” are usually
told from an omniscient point-of-view.
Point-of-View: Third-person
omniscient
Caption: The mother hen is the one telling the story, she is the narrator.
Narrator
Caption: Direct characterization is found directly in the writing and
it tells us what the character is like.
Direct Characterization
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Caption: This reader is judging what a character is like based
on evidence in indirect characterization.
Indirect Characterization
Caption: A person hearing what the character has to say. We have to figure
out how they act/ how they are by what they say.
Indirect Characterization
Methods: 1
Story Elements
Caption:: This man is telling his thoughts about another man to this
woman, which tells us something about that man.
Indirect Characterization
Methods: 2
Caption: Seeing what the character looks like helps you to learn about
them.
Indirect Characterization
Methods: 3
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Caption: A girl is shown thinking so we can see her thoughts and feelings,
telling us something about her.
Indirect Characterization
Methods: 4
Caption: The way the characters are acting shows what kind of person they
are.
Indirect Characterization
Methods: 5
Story Elements
Caption: The sheriff of the town helps the town and is the person that we
pay attention to in the story.
Protagonist
Caption: The burglar opposes the sheriff.
Antagonist
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Story Elements
Caption: A dynamic character goes through phases in the story and changes
during each one.
Dynamic Character
Caption: This scene uses comic relief because it uses humor to lighten the
mood.
Comic Relief Hamlet’s
Grave-digger
Scene is
often
considered
comic
relief. http://
www.andrewsellon.com/images/hamlet.jpg
Caption: A foil is a contrast to another character, just like Yin and Yang.
Foil
Caption: Flat man is not well developed; we don’t know much or care to.
Flat Character
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Story Elements
Caption: A very specific and detailed picture that shows something being
well developed.
Round Character
Caption: Static electricity is making this person’s hair stand up, a true static
character; this type of character never changes.
Static Characters
Caption: This boy may be motivated to give the girl a frog for
many reasons, such as love.
Motivation
Caption: This picture illustrates the time, place, etc. of a story.
Setting
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Caption: In this picture Romeo is referencing Cupids "weak bow" because
she won't fall in love.
Allusion Romeo is alluding to Cupid, stating that the wom-
an he loves cannot be charmed by Cupid’s bow
and arrow. In other words, she has no desire to fall
in love.
“From Love’s weak
childish bow she lives
uncharmed” Romeo—Act I, Scene i, line 212
Story Elements
Caption: Two people having a conversation.
Dialogue
Caption: This girl is having a flashback and is remembering some-
thing from the past.
Flashback
Caption: The shadow of the other man foreshadows something menacing
to come.
Foreshadowing
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Story Elements
Caption: One is up and one is down so they are contrasting.
Irony
Caption: Sarcasm is an example of verbal irony.
Verbal Irony
Caption: This man is confused because the opposite of what he expected
happened.
Situational Irony
Caption: We all know something that this man on the stage does not.
Dramatic Irony
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Story Elements
Caption: A man is shown looking nervous and biting his nails to represent
anxiousness.
Suspense
Caption: Theme is the main idea and how it affects humanity
Theme
Caption: The reader can see that his attitude is annoyed and stubborn.
Tone
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Caption: Emily Dickinson is one of the world’s most famous poets.
Poetry
Poetry and Shakespeare
Caption: The masks represent the theater and a specific kind of drama in
which the main character dies.
Shakespearean Tragedy
Caption: A love letter is shown because sonnets are usually about love.
Sonnet
Caption: The speaker in a poem is the voice of the poem, like the voice we hear at
assemblies.
Speaker
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Poetry and Shakespeare
Caption: The man is talking to the audience, not to her; she does
not hear him.
Aside
Caption: The king is the only speaker in the monologue.
Monologue
Caption: The character shares his own thoughts on stage alone.
Soliloquy
Caption: Stanzas are similar to paragraphs in prose.
Stanza
Our God, our help in ages past, Our hope for years to come,
Our shelter from the stormy blast,
And our eternal home.
Under the shadow of Thy throne
Thy saints have dwelt secure; Sufficient is Thine arm alone,
And our defense is sure.
Before the hills in order stood, Or earth received her frame,
From everlasting Thou art God,
To endless years the same. [etc.]
Our God, our help in ages past, Our hope for years to come,
Our shelter from the stormy blast,
And our eternal home.
Under the shadow of Thy throne Thy saints have dwelt secure;
Sufficient is Thine arm alone,
And our defense is sure.
Before the hills in order stood, Or earth received her frame,
From everlasting Thou art God,
To endless years the same.
Stanza 1
Stanza 2
Stanza 3
Stanza 4
Stanza 5
Stanza 6
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Poetry and Shakespeare
Caption: This line is written in blank verse that does not rhyme but has
iambic pentameter as its meter.
Blank Verse Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare
But soft! What light through yonder window breaks?
It is the East and Juliet is the sun!
—Act II, scene 2, line 2-3
Caption: AA, BB, CC is a rhyme scheme because it is a pattern of
rhyming words.
Rhyme Scheme “Old Mary” by Gwendolyn Brooks
My last defense a
Is the present tense. a
It little hurts me now to know b
I shall not go b
Cathedral-hunting in Spain c
Nor cherrying in Michigan or Maine. c
Caption: The repetition of stressed and unstressed syllables is the main
idea in meter.
Meter Trochaic foot: Stressed syllable followed by an
unstressed syllable
Peter, Peter, pumpkin eater,
Had a wife and couldn’t keep her….
Caption: The man on the left is unstressed while the other appears rather
stressed, just as syllables are in iambic pentameter.
Iambic Pentameter 2 syllables x 5 feet = 10 syllables
˘ ΄ = one foot
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Caption: There is no rhyme or meter used in this free verse poem by Whit-
man.
Free Verse “When I heard the Learn’d Astronomer”
by Walt Whitman
When I heard the learn’d astronomer,
When the proofs, the figures, were
ranged in columns before me,
When I was shown the charts and diagrams,
to add, divide and measure them,
Poetry and Shakespeare
Repetition of: s &w
Caption: All of these sentences’ first consonants are the same.
Alliteration “sweet smell of
success”
“dime a dozen”
“And sings a solitary song
That whistles in the wind.”—
Wordsworth
Repetition of: s
Repetition of: d
Caption: The vowel sounds in the words are all very similar.
Assonance Seeing the snowman standing all alone
In dusk and cold is more than he can
bear. The small boy weeps to hear the wind prepare
A night of gnashings and enormous moan.
—Richard Wilbur From “Boy at the Window”
Repetition of :
ō, a, ə, ē
Caption: There is a repetition of similar consonants in this poem.
Consonance A word is dead
When it is said,
Some say.
I say it just
Begins to live
That day.
—Emily Dickinson
Repetition of: w, d, s, t
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Caption: “BANG” is an onomatopoeia because when you say it, it
sounds like it would when an object makes that noise.
Onomatopoeia
Poetry and Shakespeare
Caption: The refrain from Poe’s poem is Nevermore .
Refrain
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Words to Discuss Literature and Language
Caption: Hot and fire and cold and ice have things in common, so they can
be used in an analogy.
Analogy
Testing Example:
hot is to cold as
fire is to ice
OR
hot:cold :: fire:ice
Caption: How something is said, or written is a person’s diction.
Diction
Caption: A light bulb is “a bright idea” a person has, but also literally sheds
light on a subject.
Symbol
Caption: Archetype connects humans all over the world.
Archetype
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Caption: This is a connotation because it shows what image
comes to mind when a person thinks of a certain word.
Connotation
Arrogance Pride
Caption: The dictionary definition is shown because that’s what denotation
is.
Denotation Arrogance:
overbearing
pride
evidenced
by a
superior
manner
toward
inferior
Pride:
A sense of
one's own
proper
dignity or
value;
Arrogant or
disdainful
conduct
Words to Discuss Literature and Language
Caption This person is using imaginative comparison to imagine that he is
in space.
Figurative Language
Caption: A centaur is a mix between a human and a horse. It is like a metaphor be-
cause one thing has become another.
Metaphor
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Words to Discuss Literature and Language
Caption: The word “is” is used to connect two different things in a meta-
phor.
Direct Metaphor
The pigeon is a
postal carrier.
Caption: The pigeon is not being called the mail carrier. It is
just doing the job of one.
Implied Metaphor The carrier brought
the message via
air mail.
Caption: “He is steady as a rock” is a simile.
Simile
Caption: This is showing something that mice can’t do but humans can;
therefore, giving the mouse human characteristics.
Personification
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Words to Discuss Literature and Language
Caption: All five senses play a part in imagery.
Image/Imagery
Caption: This man is very self confident to the point of arrogance.
Hubris
Caption: This is an exaggeration because it is physically impossible
to hold the world in your hands.
She has
the
whole
world in
her
hands!
Hyperbole
Caption: The black knight understates his pain.
Understatement In Monty
Python and
The Holy
Grail, the
Black
Knight has
his arms and legs hacked
off and says "It's Just A
Flesh Wound!"
31
Caption: The meaning of the word “bar” changes, playing on the different
meanings of the word.
Pun
The first guy walks into a
bar, the second guy walks
into a bar, the third guy
ducks.
Words to Discuss Literature and Language
Caption: The couple isn't rich with money, but rich with love.
Paradox
O. Henry: “One
of the richest
couples on
earth” about
Della and Jim.
Caption: These two statements contradict each other yet create rhythm and
interest with the repetition of form.
Dickens: “It was
the best of times,
it was the worst
of times...” Tale
of Two Cities.
Parallelism
Caption: The words sweet and sorrow together contradict each other.
Oxymoron
Juliet:
“Parting is
such sweet
sorrow”
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