List of countries with their capitals and currenciesCountry - Capital - Currency - Afghanistan - Kabul - Afghani - Albania - Tirana - Lek - Algeria - Algiers - Dinar - Andorra - Andorra la Vella - Euro - Angola - Luanda - New Kwanza - Antigua and Barbuda - Saint John's (Antigua) - East Caribbean Dollar - Argentina - Buenos Aires - Peso - Armenia - Yerevan - Dram - Australia - Canberra - Australian Dollar - Austria - Vienna - Euro - Azerbaijan Republic of - Baku (Baki) - Manat - Bahamas - Nassau - Bahamian Dollar - Bahrain - Al-Manama - Bahrain Dinar - Bangladesh - Dhaka - Taka - Barbados - Bridgetown - Barbados Dollar - Belarus - Minsk - Belorussian Rubel - Belgium - Brussels (formerly Belgian Franc) - Euro - Belize - Belmopan - Belize Dollar - Benin - Porto Novo (official capital); Contonu (seat of govt.) - CFA Franc - Bhutan - Thimphu - Ngultrum - Bolivia - La Paz (seat of govt.); Sucre (capital and seat of judiciary) - Boliviano - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo - Marka - Botswana - Gaborone - Pula - Brazil - Brasilia - Real - Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan - Brunei Dollar - Bulgaria - Sofia - Lev - Burundi - Bujumbura - Burundi Franc - Cambodia - Phnom Penh - Riel - Cameroon - Yaound' - CFA Franc - Canada - Ottawa - Canadian Dollar - Cape Verde - Praia - Cape Verdean Escudo - Central African Republic - Bangui - CFA Franc - Chad - N'Djamena - CFA Franc - Chile - Santiago - Chilean Peso - China - Beijing - Yuan/Renminbi - Colombia - Santa Fe de Bogot - Colombian Peso - Comoros - Moroni - Franc - Congo Dem. Republic of - Kinshasa - Congolese Franc - Congo Republic of - Brazzaville - CFA Franc - Costa Rica - San Jose - Colon - Cote d'Ivoire - Yamoussoukro - CFA Franc - Croatia - Zagreb - Kuna - Cuba - Havana - Cuban Peso - Cyprus - Lefkosia (Nicosia) - Euro (Formerly Cyprus pound) -

Czech Republic - Prague - Koruna - Denmark - Copenhagen - Krone - Djibouti - Djibouti - Djibouti Franc - Dominica - Roseau - East Caribbean Dollar - Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo - Dominican Peso - East Timor - Dili - US Dollar - Ecuador - Quito - US Dollar - Egypt - Cairo - Egyptian Pound - El Salvador - San Salvador - Colon / US Dollar - Equatorial Guinea - Malabo - CFA Franc - Eritrea - Asmara (Formerly Asmera) - Nakfa - Estonia - Tallinn - Euro (Formerly Kroon) - Ethiopia - Addis Ababa - Birr - Fiji - Suva (Viti Levu) - Birr - Finland - Helsinki - Euro (Formerly Marka) - France - Paris - Euro (Formerly French Franc) - Gabon - Libreville - CFA Franc - Gambia - Banjul - Dalasi - Georgia - T'bilisi - Lari - Germany - Berlin - Euro (Formerly Deutsche Mark) - Ghana - Accra - Cedi - Greece - Athens - Euro (Formerly Drachma) - Grenada - Saint George's - East Caribbean Dollar - Guatemala - Guatemala City - Quetzal - Guinea - Conakry - Guinean Franc - Guinea Bissau - Bissau - CFA Franc - Guyana - Georgetown - Guyanese Dollar - Haiti - Port-au-Prince - Gourde - Honduras - Tegucigalpa - Lempira - Hungary - Budapest - Forint - Iceland - Reykjavik - Icelandic Krona - India - New Delhi - Rupee - Indonesia - Jakarta - Rupiah - Iran - Tehran - Rial - Iraq - Baghdad - Dinar/US Dollar - Ireland - Dublin - Euro (Formerly Irish Pound) - Israel - Jerusalem1 - Shekel - Italy - Rome - Euro (Formerly Italian Lira) - Jamaica - Kingston - Dinar - Japan - Tokyo - Yen - Jordan - Amman - Dinar - Kazakhstan - Astana - Tenge - Kenya - Nairobi - Kenya Shilling - Kiribati - South Tarawa - Australian Dollar - Korea North - Pyongyang - Won - Korea South - Seoul - Won -

Kosovo - Pristina - Euro - Kuwait - Kuwait City - Kuwaiti Dinar - Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek - Som - Laos - Vientiane - New Kip - Latvia - Riga - Lat - Lebanon - Beirut - Lebanese Pound - Lesotho - Maseru - Loti - Liberia - Monrovia - Liberian Dollar - Libya - Tripoli - Libyan Dinar - Liechtenstein - Vaduz - Swiss Franc - Lithuania - Vilnius - Litas - Luxembourg - Luxembourg Ville - Euro (Formerly Luxembourg Franc) - Macedonia - Skopje3 - Denar - Madagascar - Antananarivo - Ariary - Malawi - Lilongwe - Kwacha - Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur4 - Ringgit - Maldives - Male - rufiyaa - Mali - Bamako - CFA Franc - Malta - Valletta - Euro (Formerly Maltese Lira) - Marshall Islands - Majuro - Us Dollar - Mexico - Mexico City (Distrito Federal) - Mexican Peso - Micronesia Fed. States of - Palikir - US Dollar - Moldova - Chisinau - Leu - Monaco - Monaco Ville - Euro (Formerly French Franc) - Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar - Tugrik - Morocco - Rabat - Dirham - Montenegro - Padgorica - Euro - Mozambique - Maputo - Metical - Myanmar - Rangoon5 - Kyat - Namibia - Windhoek - Namibian Dollar - Nauru - No official capital; govt offices in Yaren District - Australian Dollar - Nepal - Kathmandu - Napalese Rupee - Netherlands - Amsterdam - Euro (Formerly Dutch Florin) - New Zealand - Wellington - New Zealand Dollar - Nicaragua - Managua - Gold Cordoba - Niger - Niamey - CFA Franc - Nigeria - Abuja - Naira - Norway - Oslo - Norwegian Krone - Oman - Muscat - Omani Rial - Pakistan - Islamabad - Pakistan Rupee - Palau - Koror - US Dollar - Panama - Panama City - Balboa / US Dollar - Papua New Guinea - Port Moresby - Kina - Paraguay - Asuncion - Guarani - Peru - Lima - Nuevo sol - Philippines - Manila - Peso -

Poland - Warsaw - Zloty - Portugal - Lisbon - Euro (Formerly Escudo) - Puerto Rico - San Juan - US Dollar - Qatar - Doha - Qatari Riyal - Romania - Bucharest - Leu - Russia - Moscow - Ruble - Rwanda - Kigali - Rwanda Franc - St. Kitts and Nevis - Basseterre - East Caribbean Dollar - St. Lucia - Castries - East Caribbean Dollar - St. Vincent & the Grenadines - Kingstown - East Caribbean Dollar - Samoa - Apia - Tala - San Marino - San Marino - Euro (Formerly Italian Lira) - Sao Tome and Principe - Sao Tome - Dobra - Saudi Arabia - Riyadh - Riyal - Senegal - Dakar - CFA Franc - Serbia - Belgrade - Yugoslav new dinar - Seychelles - Victoria - Seychelles Dollar - Sierra Leone - Freetown - Leone - Singapore - Singapore - Singapore Dollar - Slovakia - Bratislava - Koruna - Slovenia - Ljubljana - Euro (Formerly Slovenian Tolar) - Solomon Islands - Honiara - Solomon Islands Dollar - Somalia - Mogadishu - Somali Shilling - South Africa - Pretoria6 - Rand - Spain - Madrid - Euro (Formerly Peseta) - Sri Lanka - Colombo7 - Sri Lanka Rupee - Sudan - Khartoum - Dinar - Suriname - Paramaribo - Surinamese Dollar - Swaziland - Mbabane8 - Lilangeni - Sweden - Stockholm - Krona - Switzerland - Bern - Swiss Franc - Syria - Damascus - Syrian Pound - Taiwan - Taipei - Taiwan New Dollar - Tajikistan - Dushanbe - Somoni - Tanzania - Dar es Salaam9 - Tanzanian Shilling - Thailand - Bangkok - Baht - Togo - Lome - CFA Franc - Tonga - Nuku'alofa - Pa'anga - Trinidad and Tobago - Port-of-Spain - Trinidad and Tobago Dollar - Tunisia - Tunis - Tunisian Dinar - Turkey - Ankara - Turkish New Lira (YTL) - Turkmenistan - Ashgabat - Manat - Tuvalu - Funafuti10 - Australian dollar - Uganda - Kampala - Ugandan New Shilling - Ukraine - Kiev - Hryvna - United Arab Emirates - Abu Dhabi - UAE Dirham -

United Kingdom - London - Pound Sterling - United State - Washington DC - US Dollar - Uruguay - Montevideo - Uruguay Peso - Uzbekistan - Tashkent (Toshkent) - Uzbekistani Som - Vanuatu - Port-Vila (Efate) - Vatu - Vatican City (Holy See) - Vatican City - Euro (Formerly Italian Lira) - Venezuela - Caracas - Bolivars - Vietnam - Hanoi - Dong - Yemen - Sana - Rial - Zambia - Lusaka - Kwacha - Zimbabwe - Harare - Zimbabwean dollar -

Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Can_you_List_world_countries_their_capitals_and_currencies#ixzz1Uhy1hRvl

Albania

Belgium  

Bulgaria

Canada

Croatia

Czech Rep

Denmark

Estonia

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO (  / ̍ n e ɪ t o ʊ / NAY -toh; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN)), also called the (North) Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The NATO headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium,[3] and the organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.

OPEC (  / ̍ o ʊ p ɛ k / OH -pek; Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) is an intergovernmental organization of twelve developing countries made up of Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. OPEC has maintained its headquarters in Vienna since 1965,[2] and hosts regular meetings among the oil ministers of its Member Countries. Indonesia withdrew in 2008 after it became a net importer of oil, but stated it would likely return if it became a net exporter again.[3]

According to its statutes, one of the principal goals is the determination of the best means for safeguarding the organization's interests, individually and collectively. It also pursues ways and means of ensuring the stabilization of prices in international oil markets with a view to eliminating harmful and unnecessary fluctuations; giving due regard at all times to the interests of the producing nations and to the necessity of securing a steady income to the producing countries; an efficient and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations, and a fair return on their capital to those investing in the petroleum industry.[4]

OPEC's influence on the market has been widely criticized, since it became effective in determining production and prices. Arab members of OPEC alarmed the developed world when they used the “oil weapon” during the Yom Kippur War by implementing oil embargoes and initiating the 1973 oil crisis. Although largely political explanations for the timing and extent of the OPEC price increases are also valid, from OPEC’s point of view[citation needed], these changes were triggered largely by previous unilateral changes in the world financial system and the ensuing period of high inflation in both the developed and developing world. This explanation encompasses OPEC actions both before and after the outbreak of hostilities in October 1973, and concludes that “OPEC countries were only 'staying even' by dramatically raising the dollar price of oil.”[5]

OPEC's ability to control the price of oil has diminished somewhat since then, due to the subsequent discovery and development of large oil reserves in Alaska, the North Sea, Canada, the Gulf of Mexico, the opening up of Russia, and market modernization. As of November 2010, OPEC members collectively hold 79% of world crude oil reserves and 44% of the world’s crude oil production, affording them considerable control over the global market.[6] The next largest group of producers, members of the OECD and the Post-Soviet states produced only 23.8% and 14.8%, respectively, of the world's total oil production.[7] As early as 2003, concerns that OPEC members had little excess pumping capacity sparked speculation that their influence on crude oil prices would begin to slip.[8]

[9]

The Group of Twenty (G-20) Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors was established in 1999 to bring together systemically important industrialized and developing economies to discuss key issues in the global economy. The inaugural meeting of the G-20 took place in Berlin, on December 15-16, 1999, hosted by German and Canadian finance ministers.

Mandate

The G-20 is the premier forum for our international economic development that promotes open and constructive discussion between industrial and emerging-market countries on key issues related to global economic stability. By contributing to the strengthening of the international financial architecture and providing opportunities for dialogue on national policies, international co-operation, and international financial institutions, the G-20 helps to support growth and development across the globe.

Origins

The G-20 was created as a response both to the financial crises of the late 1990s and to a growing recognition that key emerging-market countries were not adequately included in the core of global economic discussion and governance. Prior to the G-20 creation, similar groupings to promote dialogue and analysis had been established at the initiative of the G-7. The G-22 met at Washington D.C. in April and October 1998. Its aim was to involve non-G-7 countries in the resolution of global aspects of the financial crisis then affecting emerging-market countries. Two subsequent meetings comprising a larger

group of participants (G-33) held in March and April 1999 discussed reforms of the global economy and the international financial system. The proposals made by the G-22 and the G-33 to reduce the world economy's susceptibility to crises showed the potential benefits of a regular international consultative forum embracing the emerging-market countries. Such a regular dialogue with a constant set of partners was institutionalized by the creation of the G-20 in 1999.

Membership

The G-20 is made up of the finance ministers and central bank governors of 19 countries:

Argentina Australia Brazil Canada China France Germany India Indonesia Italy Japan Mexico Russia Saudi Arabia South Africa Republic of Korea Turkey United Kingdom United States of America

The European Union, who is represented by the rotating Council presidency and the European Central Bank, is the 20th member of the G-20. To ensure global economic fora and institutions work together, the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the President of the World Bank, plus the chairs of the International Monetary and Financial Committee and Development Committee of the IMF and World Bank, also participate in G-20 meetings on an ex-officio basis. The G-20 thus brings together important industrial and emerging-market countries from all regions of the world. Together, member countries represent around 90 per cent of global gross national product, 80 per cent of world trade (including EU intra-trade) as well as two-thirds of the world's population. The G-20's economic weight and broad membership gives it a high degree of legitimacy and influence over the management of the global economy and financial system.

Achievements

The Group of 15 (G-15)[1] was established at the Ninth Non-Aligned Movement Summit Meeting in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in September 1989.

This informal forum was set up to foster cooperation and provide input for other international groups, such as the World Trade Organization and the Group of Eight. It is composed of countries from North America, South America, Africa, and Asia with a common goal of enhanced growth and prosperity. The G15 focuses on cooperation among developing countries in the areas of investment, trade, and technology. The membership of the G15 has expanded to 18 countries, but the name has remained unchanged.[3]

[edit] Structure and activities

The G-15 is intended to be an informal forum for discussions involving an intentional community or an epistemic community.[4] The G-15 membership is marked by a range of attributes and factors, including

(a) a shared set of normative and principled beliefs, which provide a value-based rationale for the social action of community members;

(b) shared causal beliefs, which are derived from their analysis of practices leading or contributing to a central set of problems in their domain and which then serve as the basis for elucidating the multiple linkages between posible policy actions and desired outcomes;

(c) shared notions of validity — that is, intersubjective, internally defined criteria for weighing and validating knowledge in the domain of their expertise; and

(d) a common policy enterprise -- that is, a set of common practices associated with a set of problems to which their group competence is directed, presumably out of the conviction that human welfare will be enhanced as a consequence.[4]By design, the G-15 has avoided establishing an administrative structure like those for international organizations, such as the United Nations or the World Bank; but the G-15 does have a Technical Support Facility (TSF) located in Geneva. The TSF functions under the direction of the Chairman for the current year. The TSF provides necessary support for the activities of the G-15 and for its objectives.[5] Other organs and functions of the G-15 include:

Summit of Heads of State and Government — The G-15’s summit is organized biennially, with the venue being rotated among the three developing regions of the G-15 membership.[5]

Annual meetings of Ministers of Foreign Affairs — G-15 Ministers of Foreign Affairs typically meet once a year to coordinate group activities and to prepare for the nest summit of G-15 leaders.[5]

Steering Committee (Troika) — A Steering Committee or Troika is composed of three Foreign Ministers, one from the preceding summit host country, the present

host country and the up-anticipated next host countries. These three are responsible for oversight and coordination.[5]

Personal Representatives of Heads of State and Government — Each member country is represented by Personal Representatives of Heads of State and Government who meet regularly in Geneva.[5]

In addition, the Federation of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Services (FCCIS) is a private sector forum of G-15 member countries. The purpose of the FCCIS is to coordinate and maximize efforts which promote business, economic development and joint investment in G-15 nations.[5] In 2010, the chairmanship of the G-15 was accepted by Sri Lanka at the conclusion of the 14th G-15 summit in Tehran.[6]

Contents[hide]

1 Structure and activities 2 Members countries and organizations 3 G-15 Summits 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References

7 External links

[edit] Members countries and organizationsRegion Member Leader Foreign Minister Population

Africa

 Algeria PresidentAbdelaziz Bouteflika

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Mourad Medelci

34,895,000

 Egypt PresidentMohamed Hussein Tantawi

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Nabil Elaraby 77,420,000

 Kenya President Mwai KibakiMinister of

Foreign Affairs

Moses Wetangula

39,002,772

 Nigeria PresidentGoodluck Jonathan

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Henry Odein Ajumogobia

155,215,000

 Senegal

PresidentAbdoulaye

Wade

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Madické Niang

13,711,597

 Zimbabwe

PresidentRobert

Mugabe

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Samuel Mumbengegw

i12,521,000

Latin  Argent President Cristina Ministry of Jorge Taiana 40,134,425

America andthe

Caribbean

inaFernández de

Kirchner

Foreign Affairs,

International Trade and Worship

 Brazil PresidentDilma

Rousseff

Minister of External Relations

Antonio Patriota

192,859,000

 Chile PresidentSebastián

Piñera

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Alfredo Moreno

17,063,000

 Mexico PresidentFelipe

Calderón

Secretary of Foreign Affairs

Patricia Espinosa

111,211,789

 Jamaica

Prime Minister

Bruce Golding

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Kenneth Baugh

2,825,928

 Venezuela

PresidentHugo

Chavez

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Nicolás Maduro

26,814,843

Asia

 IndiaPrime

MinisterManmohan

Singh

Minister of External Affairs

S. M. Krishna 1,180,251,000

 Indonesia

PresidentSusilo

Bambang Yudhoyono

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Marty Natalegawa

231,369,500

 Iran PresidentMahmoud

Ahmadinejad

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Manouchehr Mottaki

74,196,000

 Malaysia

Prime Minister

Najib Tun Razak

Minister of Foreign Affairs

Anifah Aman 28,310,000

 Sri Lanka

PresidentMahinda

Rajapaksa

Minister of Foreign Affairs

G. L. Peiris 20,238,000

[edit] G-15 SummitsDate Host country Host city Host

1st G-15 summit

1–3 June 1990  MalaysiaKuala Lumpur

Mahathir Mohamad

2nd G-15 summit

27–29 November 1991 Venezuel

aCaracas

3rd G-15 summit

21–23 November 1992  Senegal Dakar

4th G-15 summit

28–30 March 1994 India}]

5th G-15 summit

5–7 November 1995 Argentin

aBuenos Aires

6th G-15 summit

3–5 November 1996 Zimbabw

eHarare Robert Mugabe

7th G-15 summit

28 October – 5 November 1997

 MalaysiaKuala Lumpur

Mahathir Mohamad

8th G-15 summit

11–13 May 1998  Egypt Cairo Hosni Mubarak

9th G-15 summit

10–12 February 1999  JamaicaMontego Bay

10th G-15 summit

19–20 June 2000  Egypt Cairo Hosni Mubarak

11th G-15 summit

30–31 May 2001  Indonesia Jakarta

12th G-15 summit

27–28 February 2004 Venezuel

aCaracas Hugo Chavez

13th G-15 summit

14 September 2006  Cuba Havana Raul Castro

14th G-15 summit

17 May 2010  Iran TehranMahmoud Ahmadinejad

15th G-15 summit

2012  Sri Lanka Colombo Mahinda Rajapaksa

[edit] See also Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries (GSTP)

[edit] Notes1. ^ a b The official website adopts the "G-15" orthography (with a hyphen)

in order to distinguish an abbreviated reference to this group -- contrasts with other similarly named entities.

2. ̂ Aims and Objectives, G-15 website3. ̂ PressTV: "Iran to Host G15 Summit." May 20, 2010.4. ^ a b Reinalda, Bob et al. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by

International Organizations, p. 184 at Google Books5. ^ a b c d e f About the G-156. ̂ Prematillake, Tharindu. "Lanka Heads Powerful G-15 Serving

Collective Interests," The Nation (Colombo). May 22, 2010.

[edit] References Haas, P.M. (1992). "Introduction. Epistemic communities and international policy

coordination," International Organization 46,1:1-35.

Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. 10-ISBN 0415164869/13-ISBN 9780415164863; 13-ISBN 9780203450857;10-ISBN 020345085X; OCLC 39013643

[edit] External links G-15 official website G-15 Summit in Tehran - Part I Part II Part III (Free PressTV documentary) IMF

[hide]v · d · eNations in the Group of 15 (G-15)

    Algeria

 Argentina

 Brazil

 Chile

 Egypt

 India

 Indonesia

 Iran

 Jamaica

e-filing of documents

Import manifest or Import Report

Entry Inwards

Risk Management System

Bill of Entry for home consumption on payment of customs duty

Bill of Entry for warehousing

Noting, examination and assessment

Bond

Out of customs charge order

Demurrage if clearance from port delayed