lipids lipids fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids & waxes composed of c, h, o (but fewer o than...
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LIPIDSLIPIDS
LIPIDSLIPIDS•Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids & waxes
•Composed of C, H, O (but fewer O than carbs)–Chains of C atoms bonded to each other and to H atoms.
Lipids are HYDROPHOBIC!
“Water fearing”(b/c of non-polar C-H bonds in the tail)
3 Major Roles of Lipids: #1: Used as long-
term energy storage.
Adipose cells: (fat cells) store energy, cushion vital organs, and insulate the body.
• Fats store energy more efficiently than carbs. (They have more H bonds!)
• Many organisms can survive w/o steady diets because of stored fat.When there’s lots of food, animals convert
excess food into fats.
When food is scarce, these can be broken down for energy.
#2: Form biological membranes & control water movement.– Cell membranes are
made up of phospholipids. One end likes water, one end is repelled by water.
– Waxy surface on plants controls water loss.
•#3: Used as chemical messengers. –Ex. Steroids (testosterone & estrogen)
Testosterone
MONOMERS
• Lipids are made up of fatty acids • Fatty Acids - long chains of C & H
atoms that have a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end.
- polar- hydrophilic “water
loving”• Have a hydrocarbon group at the
other end (CH3)– Nonpolar– Hydrophobic
•Saturated Fats= All C atoms are bonded by a single bond, holding the max number of H atoms.
•Commonly found in dairy products and meats.
•Unsaturated Fats = A pair of carbon atoms is joined by a double bond, it doesn’t contain the max number of H atoms.
•Changes the shape, by adding a “kink”
•Polyunsaturated = Contains multiple double bonds. Will be oil at room temp, such as peanut and corn oil.
Phospholipids
• Consist of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. –Made up of only two fatty acids,
instead of three.–Make up cell membranes.