ap biology lipids energy storage ap biology lipids lipids are composed of c, h, o long hydrocarbon...
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AP Biology
Lipids
energy storage
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AP Biology
Lipids Lipids are composed of C, H, O
long hydrocarbon chain 4 types of lipids
fatsphospholipidssteroidswaxes
fat
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AP Biology
1. TriglyceridesFat molecules
3 fatty acids chains linked to glycerol
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AP Biology
Fats store energyLong HC chain
Hydrophobic“water – fearing” = insoluble in water
Function:energy storage
very rich2x carbohydrates
cushion organsinsulates body
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AP Biology
Saturated fatsAll C bonded to HNo C=C double bonds
long, straight chainmost animal fats solid at room temp.
contributes to cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis) = plaque deposits
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AP Biology
Unsaturated fatsAt least one C=C double bond in
the fatty acidsplant & fish fats vegetable oilsliquid at room temperature
the kinks made by doublebonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together
mono-unsaturated?poly-unsaturated?
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AP Biology
Saturated vs. unsaturatedsaturated unsaturated
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AP Biology
2. Phospholipids Structure:
glycerol + 2 fatty acids chains + phosphate headPO4 negatively charged
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AP Biology
PhospholipidsHydrophobic or hydrophilic?
fatty acid tails = hydrophobicPO4 = hydrophilic headdual “personality”
interaction with H2O is complex & very important!
It likes water & also pushes
it away!
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AP Biology
Phospholipids in waterHydrophilic heads attracted to H2O
Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2Ocan self-assemble into “bubbles” can also form a phospholipid bilayer
Found in animal cells (cell membrane)
bilayer
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AP Biology
Steroidsex: cholesterol, sex hormones4 fused C rings
different steroids created by attaching different functional groups to rings
cholesterol
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AP Biology
CholesterolImportant cell component
animal cell membranesprecursor of all other steroids
including vertebrate sex hormoneshigh levels in blood may contribute to
cardiovascular disease
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AP Biology
Cholesterol
helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible
Important component of cell membrane
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AP Biology
From Cholesterol Sex HormonesWhat a big difference a few atoms can make!
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AP Biology
What is the function of a triglyceride?
1 2 3 4
0%5%
0%
95%1. Stores and transfers genetic information
2. Stores energy3. Control the rate
of reactions4. Help to fight
disease
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AP Biology
Fats that have at least one double bond between Carbon atoms are called
1 2 3 4
88%
6%0%
6%
1. Unsaturated2. Saturated3. Glycerol4. Fatty Acids
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AP Biology
What is another name for a fat molecule?
1 2 3 4
15%
75%
0%
10%
1. phospholipid2. Cholesterol3. Steroid4. triglyceride
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AP Biology
Phospholipids have a
1 2
95%
5%
1. hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail
2. hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
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AP Biology
Which of the following is an example of a steroid
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%
100%1. Fatty acids2. Sex Hormones3. Phospholipids4. Olive Oil