linux arabic book
TRANSCRIPT
1
21 9241 31 8002
2
: / : [email protected] [email protected] remstereo
3
.
:
: :
:
: : :
11 . open suse .
. 2 .4
11 opensuse
openoffice.org 4.2
) ( GNU Free Documentation License
GNU FDL
. .
: .
5
: : man xman info
manual apropos whatis
: whereis locate
: pushd popd pwd dir
-a
cd ls
6
-b touch cat tac more head tail wc less file
zgrep -c mkdir tree rm diff
grep
-d cp
# * ln
mv
:
-a tar
7
# # #
#
cpio gzip
-b
: vim gvim mcedit pico
ispell sed
xemacs
emacs
nano
: -a fdisk
-b
cfdisk
8
#
-c
mkfs
#
df
: -a
# groudmod
# groupadd
# groupmod /etc/group
# -b
# usermod
# useradd
# userdel /etc/passwd
# /etc/shadow
# disable /etc/shadow -a group
#
-b passwd
9
# # groups id
gpasswd
-c permission #
passwd
: :
-b
-a
chmod
chown chgrp
01
: .
# ) manual (
.
# : man : ) - ........... ( . : man 1- ls :ahmed@the-game:~> man ls 2- ) ( f ls :
ahmed@the-game:~> man -f ls :
11
)ls (1p )1( ls
- list directory contents
- list directory contents
ls . 3- ) (k
fdisk :
ahmed@the-game:~> man -k fdisk : )8( cfdisk )8( fdisk - Curses based disk partition table
manipulator for Linux )8( sfdisk
- Partition table manipulator for Linux
- Partition table manipulator for Linux
: ] [-f ] [-k whatis : manual
down arraw up arraw page down
21
page up q
manual
# : info man info . : info
1- ls : ahmed@the-game:~> info ls
: info
e b down arraw
31
up arraw *
Enter
? + shift d q
info info info
# : xman manual man ) ) 1 9 ( .( man
:
& ahmed@the-game:~> xman
:
41
manual page :
sections
options search
:
51
manual page . Apropos .
## : manual }1-9{ : 1 } { . 3 } ) ( { . 2 } { .
5 } configration files 6 } { .
4 } devices ... viga { . /etc/passwd { .
7 } . { man 8 } { .
61
9 } , kernel routines { }8,5,2,1{ .
: ) ( kill )1( , )2( . ) (kill man ) kill 1 ( . :
ahmed@the-game:~> man 2 kill
: clear termenal :
ahmed@the-game:~> man clear
clear :
71
clear(1)
clear(1)
NAME
clear - clear the terminal screen SYNOPSIS clear
DESCRIPTION
clear clears your screen if this is possible. It looks in the environment for the terminal .to clear the screen type and then in the terminfo database to figure out how
clear ignores any command-line parameters that may be .present
SEE ALSO
(tput(1), terminfo(5 .(This describes ncurses version 5.6 (patch 20070128
18
: 1- ) clear 1 ( )1(clear )1(clear :2- NAME
.
:3- SYNOPSIS
. : emacs
] ... emacs [ command-line switches ] [ files option .
# : > < . ] [
> su :Password
the-game:/home/ahmed # makewhatis : ahmed@the-game:~> su :Password
the-game:/home/ahmed # mandb makewhatis.
12
: whatis 1- : ahmed@the-game:~> whatis ls : )1( ls - list directory contents
2- :
ahmed@the-game:~> whatis ls dir cd ifconfig : )1( ls - list directory contents
)1( dir
.cd: nothing appropriate )8( ifconfig
- list directory contents - configure a network interface cd .
22
# : apropos . . : apropos 1- : ahmed@the-game:~> apropos fdisk : )8( cfdisk )8( fdisk - Curses based disk partition table
manipulator for Linux )8( sfdisk
- Partition table manipulator for Linux
- Partition table manipulator for Linux
apropos database .whatis
32
42
: # : whereis ] [ . manual : 1- } manual { source :
whereis
: ls
ahmed@the-game:~> whereis ls : ls: /bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1p/ls.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz
2- manual : whereis -m
52
: manual ls. ahmed@the-game:~> whereis -m ls : ls: /usr/share/man/man1p/ls.1p.gz /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz 3- :
whereis -b : ls. ahmed@the-game:~> whereis -b ls : ls: /bin/ls 4- } {source : whereis -s : } {source ls.
62
ahmed@the-game:~> whereis -s ls : :ls
# : locate .find : locate ahmed@the-game:~> su :Password :
the-game:/home/ahmed # updatedb : locate 1- :
.* locate
72
: 4 mp . 4the-game:/home/ahmed # locate *.mp : } { 4/amr1.mp/ 8002//mnt/collection1/ar v.clip 2- 4 mp 2 mp
:
2the-game:/home/ahmed # locate *.mp4 *.mp : } { 4/amr1.mp/ 8002//mnt/collection1/ar v.clip
2.mp/ //mnt/collection1/ogg/ar---ogg 3- avi 1/mnt/collection
:
ahmed@the-game:~> locate /mnt/collection1/*.avi : } {
82
.avi/ //mnt/collection1/ar v.clip
.avi / //mnt/collection1/ar v.clip .avi ///mnt/collection1/ar v.clip .avi ///mnt/collection1/ar v.clip
. } note : {/mnt/collection1/*.avi
92
-a : # : pushd . :pushd
pushd : } { /mnt/games/chm : /ahmed@the-game:~> pushd /mnt/games/chm : } { ahmed : ahmed@the-game:/mnt/games/chm> pushd ahmed
03
# : popd . pushd cd popd :ahmed@the-game:/mnt/games/chm/ahmed> popd : ~ /mnt/games/chm
>ahmed@linux-r58p:/mnt/games/chm : popd pushd . manual
# : cd . 1- : cd : ahmed : ahmed@the-game:~> cd ahmed
13
: >ahmed@the-game:~/ahmed 2- : cd : ogg 1/mnt/collection :
ahmed@the-game:~> cd /mnt/collection1/ogg : >ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1/ogg 3- : .. ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1/ogg> cd : >1ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection 4- :
23
~ ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1/ogg> cd ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1/ogg> cd - ahmed@the-game:~> cd : >~:ahmed@the-game ] ~ [ cd ] [ cd ] -- [ cd . 5- : ../.. ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1/ogg> cd : >ahmed@the-game:/mnt
# : pwd . .
33
ahmed@the-game:~> pwd : /home/ahmed : ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1/ogg> pwd : /mnt/collection1/ogg
# : ls .
1- } {
:
ahmed@the-game:~> ls :
43
bin Desktop Documents RealPlayer11GOLD.bin public_html
. 2- : ahmed@the-game:~> ls /var : adm 6cache lib log opt spool X11R
agentx games lock mail run tmp yp
. 3- : ahmed@the-game:~> ls -a : . .gconf .qt
..
.bash_history
.gconfd
2.gnome53
.realplayerrc
.recently-used
.bashrc .beagle bin .config
used.xbel
.gnome2_private .recently.gnu-emacs .scim .subversion .tvtime
.gtk_qt_engine_rc .skel .ICEauthority
.DCOPserver_the-game__0 .inputrc .DCOPserver_the-game_:0 .kde Desktop .dmrc .local .kermrc .mailcap
.thumbnails
Documents .dvipsrc .emacs .exrc
.wapi
.urlview
.mcop
.esd_auth .fontconfig .fonts .fonts.conf
.mozilla
.xchat2
.Xauthority
.muttrc .opera
.mplayer
.xcoralrc
.ooo-2.0 .profile
.xim.template .xinitrc.template .xtalkrc .xine
.xemacs
RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
public_html
.xsession-errors
. " U "capital- 4-
:
ahmed@the-game:~> ls -U
36
: Documents Desktop bin public_html RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
5- : ahmed@the-game:~> ls -t : Text File Desktop bin Documents public_html RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
Text File . 6- } { :
ahmed@the-game:~> ls -r : Text File public_html RealPlayer11GOLD.bin Documents Desktop bin
73
hard links
7- )
( :
ahmed@the-game:~> ls -l : 4837 total
drwxr-xr-x 2 ahmed users 4096 2008-06-12 15:01 bin 02:22 41-60-8002 6904 drwx------ 2 ahmed users Documents
drwx------ 10 ahmed users 4096 2008-06-18 13:47 Desktop
10:51 21-60-8002 6904 drwxr-xr-x 2 ahmed users public_html 54:20 70-60-8002 8402057 -rwxrwxrwx 1 ahmed users RealPlayer11GOLD.bin -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users 16 2008-06-13 11:25 Text File : bytes
. : ) ........, . (bin ,Desktop : ) 10:51 ( .
83
: ) . ( users : ) . ( ahmed : :
: bytes ) 6904 ( .
: ) 8002-60-21 ( .
-a
-b hard
) ( Desktop 01 . links . .
: ) ( drwxr-xr-x
8-
:
ahmed@the-game:~> ls -hl : total 7.3M
drwxr-xr-x 2 ahmed users 4.0K 2008-06-12 15:01 bin
drwx------ 10 ahmed users 4.0K 2008-06-18 13:47 Desktop 10:51 21-60-8002 drwxr-xr-x 2 ahmed users 4.0K public_html
drwx------ 2 ahmed users 4.0K 2008-06-14 22:20 Documents
54:20 70-60-8002 -rwxrwxrwx 1 ahmed users 7.2M
93
RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users 16 2008-06-13 11:25 Text File mega
. 9- :
ahmed@the-game:~> ls -S l S : ahmed@the-game:~> ls -lS : 0679 total
54:20 70-60-8002 8402057 -rwxrwxrwx 1 ahmed users RealPlayer11GOLD.bin Chikenux.01.7z 32:40 81-60-8002 9941112 -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users 52438 70:40 81-60-8002 959482 -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed usersopensusestreet.png 2hijra-0.1.2.tar.bz 03:20 81-60-8002 09311 -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users drwxr-xr-x 2 ahmed users 4096 2008-06-12 15:01 bin
04
drwx------ 10 ahmed users 4096 2008-06-18 13:47 Desktop drwx------ 4 ahmed users 4096 2008-06-18 18:22 Documents
drwxr-xr-x 2 ahmed users 4096 2008-06-12 15:01 public_html -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users 16 2008-06-13 11:25 Text File.txt
: 01- ahmed@the-game:~> ls -R : .:
bin Desktop Documents public_html RealPlayer11GOLD.bin Text File ./bin: ./Desktop:
epiphany.desktop fstab
i386-iso .odt
ls
openSUSE-10.3-GM-KDE-
konqbrowser.desktop myComputer.desktop tvtime.desktop konquerorsu.desktop Office.desktop
MozillaFirefox.desktop opera.desktop
rpmforge-net-
trash.desktop
41
:./Desktop/openSUSE-10.3-GM-KDE-i386-iso openSUSE-10.3-GM-KDE-i386.iso :./Documents :./public_html 11- : ahmed@the-game:~> ls -F : /bin/ Desktop/ Documents/ public_html *RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
/ *
link @ socket = .
21- : ahmed@the-game:~> ls -m :
24
bin, Desktop, Documents, public_html, RealPlayer11GOLD.bin
: { D 31- } ahmed@the-game:~> ls D* : Desktop:
epiphany.desktop fstab
Fedora-9-i386-CDs.torrent Office.desktop fstab~ opera.desktop
myComputer.desktop
openSUSE-10.3-GM-KDE-i386-iso rpmforge-net-tvtime.desktop
konqbrowser.desktop konquerorsu.desktop mp3
MozillaFirefox.desktop
.odt
trash.desktop
Text File
Documents: D .
Desktop Documents Documents Desktop
41-
43
z,R,r oot : ahmed@the-game:~> ls [Rrz]oot : :root :Root root Root . zoot
51- a r llw :
ahmed@the-game:~> ls [a-r]llw : :gllw :kllw small a r .
44
61- : ahmed@the-game:~> ls -1 /var : adm
agentx cache lib games lock log mail opt run
spool tmp yp 6X11R
71- : ahmed@the-game:~/Documents> ls -X :
54
mido Chikenux.01.7z opensusestreet.png
52438 2hijra-0.1.2.tar.bzText File.txt
tito RealPlayer11GOLD.bin 12.doc
) 2 ( .tar.bz ) 2. ( .bz
# : dir ls . ls -b : # : touch .1- asd
:
ahmed@the-game:~> touch asd 2- } xman txt { :
64
ahmed@the-game:~> touch xman.txt 3-
:
ahmed@the-game:~> touch hima ahmed 4-
}
{ :
ahmed@the-game:~> touch hima ahmed touch : touch ahmed@the-game:~> ls -l : -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users 0 2008-06-14 22:07 ahmed 0 2008-06-14 22:07 hima :
: touch
74
ahmed@the-game:~> ls -l : -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users 0 2008-06-16 14:06 ahmed 0 2008-06-16 14:06 hima
t cc yy MM DD hh mm ss
5-
: :
yy
cc
5891 91= cc 58=yy 8002 02= cc 80=yy yy ) 86 0 ( ) 02=. ( cc yy . DD .
cc : yy
yy ) 96 99 ( ) 91=. ( cc
MM .
mm . ss .
84
: 9 . : mido !! ( : 90 .
:
1891/9/21 42:03:6 )
ahmed@the-game:~> touch -t 8109120630.24 mido ahmed@the-game:~> touch -t 198109120630.24 mido ls l : ahmed@the-game:~> ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users 0 1981-09-12 06:30 mido : mido 2202/7/03 05:03:31 :
ahmed@the-game:~> touch -t 2207301330.50 mido
94
ahmed@the-game:~> touch -t 202207301330.50 mido ls l : ahmed@the-game:~> ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 ahmed users 0 2022-07-30 13:30 mido
: 8602 9691 .
# : cat : cat -a . -b . -c . -d . -e . -f . : cat .
05
: 1- )
( soca :
ahmed@the-game:~> cat soca . 2- :
ahmed@the-game:~> cat -n soca 3- )
soca ( tman :
ahmed@the-game:~> cat soca tman soca . tman 4-
:
ahmed@the-game:~> cat -n soca tman 5- ) ( ahmed :
15
ahmed@the-game:~> cat soca tman > ahmed ahmed
soca tman .
6-
) ( dido :
ahmed@the-game:~> cat -n soca tman > dido dido .
7- :
ahmed@the-game:~> cat > soca Enter ) ( Ctrl+d .
8-
:
ahmed@the-game:~> cat >> soca
25
Enter ) ( Ctrl+d .
9- ) ( bibo
:
ahmed@the-game:~> cat > bibo Enter ) ( Ctrl+d .
# : tac . ) ( bibo :ahmed@the-game:~> tac bibo
# : file 1- ) ( bibo :ahmed@the-game:~> file bibo :
35
bibo: ASCII text 2- ) bibo RealPlayer11GOLD.bin ( bin :
ahmed@the-game:~> file RealPlayer11GOLD.bin bibo bin : RealPlayer11GOLD.bin: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel
80386, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.2.5, dynamically :bibo :bin ASCII text
linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.2.5, not stripped directory
# : more . more ) : ( tmanahmed@the-game:~> more tman : more
space
45
f b Enter h q
# : less more . more :ahmed@the-game:~> less tman more less
up down .
:
ahmed@the-game:~> less help less manual .
# : head . : 01 tman :
55
ahmed@the-game:~> head -10 tman 01 .
# : tail . .1- 51 : ahmed@the-game:~> tail -15 tman 51 . 2- 61 : ahmed@the-game:~> tail +16 tman 61 .
# : wc . . soca
65
1- : ahmed@the-game:~> wc -l soca 2- : ahmed@the-game:~> wc -w soca 3- bytes : ahmed@the-game:~> wc -c soca 4- : ahmed@the-game:~> wc -m soca 5- : ahmed@the-game:~> wc soca
# : grep ) ( . : capital & small . 1- linux soca
75
: ahmed@the-game:~> grep linux soca . 2- Linux kernel soca
:
ahmed@the-game:~> grep "Linux kernel" soca . 3- linux
soca :
ahmed@the-game:~> grep -v linux soca . linux 4- Linux kernel
soca :
ahmed@the-game:~> grep -v "Linux kernel" soca . Linux kernel
85
5- Linux
soca :
ahmed@the-game:~> grep -n linux soca 6- Linux kernel
soca :
ahmed@the-game:~> grep -n "Linux kernel" soca 7- linux
soca :
ahmed@the-game:~> grep -c linux soca 8- Linux kernel soca :
ahmed@the-game:~> grep -c "Linux kernel" soca 9- linux
*/ /home/ahmed :
*/ahmed@the-game:~> grep -l linux /home/ahmed
95
01- Linux kernel
*/ /home/ahmed :
*/ahmed@the-game:~> grep -l "Linux kernel" /home/ahmed grep . .
) ( pattern : pattern . . . . ^ $ . ] , [ ] capital
small [ capital . small
-a linux : ahmed@the-game:~> grep ^linux soca
:
06
-b linux : ahmed@the-game:~> grep linux$ soca : . linux
-c ) x
linux ( :
ahmed@the-game:~> grep l...x soca -d a f : ahmed@the-game:~> grep [a,f] soca -e root Root : ahmed@the-game:~> grep [Rr]oot soca
# : zgrep ) ( . zgrep grep grep zgrep . :
16
linux soca.tar.gz :
ahmed@the-game:~> zgrep Linux soca.tar.gz
# : diff : 1 asd :ahmed elsayed ahmed ali amr ali 2 asd : ahmed elsayed ahmed ali amr ahmed
: 2ahmed@the-game:~> diff asd1 asd
26
: 22,3c amr ahmed
\ No newline at end of file
amr ahmed amr ali ( . . :
)
-a
-b -c
-c :
36
# : mkdir . 1- conan :ahmed@the-game:~> mkdir conan 2- conan /mnt : the-game:/home/ahmed # mkdir /mnt/conan . root 3- ) amr gigi hani ( dido :
ahmed@the-game:~> mkdir amr gigi hani dido 4- ) edg amr gigi hani ( dido :
ahmed@the-game:~> mkdir -p edg/amr/gigi/hani/dido 5- mkdir
- v :
46
ahmed@the-game:~> mkdir -vp edg/amr/gigi/hani/dido : 'mkdir: created directory `edg
'mkdir: created directory `edg/amr
'mkdir: created directory `edg/amr/gigi
'mkdir: created directory `edg/amr/gigi/hani
'mkdir: created directory `edg/amr/gigi/hani/dido
# : tree . 1- :ahmed@the-game:~> tree 2- ) ( /var :
ahmed@the-game:~> tree /var
3-
56
: ahmed@the-game:~> tree -d 4- ) ( /var :
ahmed@the-game:~> tree -d /var
-d :
# : rm .1- soca : ahmed@the-game:~> rm soca 2- bibo 1 /mnt/collection : ahmed@the-game:~> rm /mnt/collection1/bibo 3- koki : ahmed@the-game:~> rm -f koki
66
4- yes no nani :
ahmed@the-game:~> rm -i nani : ?'rm: remove regular file `nani yes : rm: remove regular file `nani'? yes 5- : * ahmed@the-game:~> rm 6- ) :( zizo ahmed@the-game:~> rm -r zizo :
ls -l
rm
76
.
# : cp .1- fofa 1 /mnt/collection
/home/ahmed/Desktop :
ahmed@the-game:~> cp /mnt/collection1/fofa /home/ahmed/Desktop
2- fofa 1 /mnt/collection
:
1ahmed@the-game:~> cp fofa /mnt/collection 3- fofa 1/mnt/collection
:
1ahmed@the-game:~> cp -f fofa /mnt/collection 4- -i
yes no miro 86
1 /mnt/collection -i :
~ ahmed@the-game:~> cp -i /mnt/collection1/miro : ?'cp: overwrite `/home/ahmed/miro no cp: overwrite `/home/ahmed/miro'? n : ~ . 5- -r -R
vector 1 /mnt/collection
/home/ahmed/Desktop :
ahmed@the-game:~> cp -r /mnt/collection1/vector /home/ahmed/Desktop
ahmed@the-game:~> cp -R /mnt/collection1/vector /home/ahmed/Desktop
96
. 6- vector 1 /mnt/collection ) ( -v :
/home/ahmed/Desktop
/ahmed@the-game:~> cp -vr /mnt/collection1/vector /home ahmed/Desktop
: :
7- fola soma
:
ahmed@the-game:~> cp fola soma 8- fola
1 /mnt/collection soma : ahmed@the-game:~> cp fola /mnt/collection1/soma 9- 1 /mnt/collection 2 /mnt/collection :
ahmed
07
ahmed@the-game:~> cp /mnt/collection1/ahmed 2/mnt/collection
# : mv . mv . mv cp -r . mv 1- fofa 1 /mnt/collection /home/ahmed/Desktop :ahmed@the-game:~> mv /mnt/collection1/fofa /home/ahmed/Desktop
2- fofa 1 /mnt/collection
:
1ahmed@the-game:~> mv fofa /mnt/collection 3- fofa 1/mnt/collection
:
1ahmed@the-game:~> mv -f fofa /mnt/collection
17
4- -i
yes no miro
1 /mnt/collection -i :
~ ahmed@the-game:~> mv -i /mnt/collection1/miro : ?'mv: overwrite `/home/ahmed/miro no mv: overwrite `/home/ahmed/miro'? n : ~ . 5- zima
1 /mnt/collection :
1ahmed@the-game:~> mv zima /mnt/collection 6- zima 1 /mnt/collection ) ( -v :
/home/ahmed/Desktop
27
ahmed@the-game:~> mv -v /mnt/collection1/zima /home/ahmed/Desktop
zima /home/ahmed/Desktop mike :
7- :
ahmed@the-game:~> mv /home/ahmed/Desktop/zima /home/ahmed/Desktop/mike
:
:
ahmed@the-game:~> cd /home/ahmed/Desktop ahmed@the-game:~/Desktop> mv zima mike
mv
mv
overwrite
37
biso nona nona .
ahmed@the-game:~/Desktop> mv biso nona biso . nona
1 /mnt/collection soma : ahmed@the-game:~> mv fola /mnt/collection1/soma 9- -b wama :
8- fola
1ahmed@the-game:~> mv -b wama /mnt/collection ~ wama wama 1/mnt/collection
* : 1 /mnt/collection :
47
1ahmed@the-game:~> cp -r * /mnt/collection 1 /mnt/collection :
1ahmed@the-game:~> mv * /mnt/collection :
" new folder . new folder
# : ln 1 - : . . :
} - { . ln -s /home/ahmed/Desktop :
hima 1 /mnt/collection zima
57
ahmed@the-game:~> ln -s /mnt/collection1/hima /home/ahmed/Desktop/zima
: } - partition . { partition .
2 - :
nova 1 /mnt/collection koka /mnt/collection1/ogg :
ln
ahmed@the-game:~> ln /mnt/collection1/nova /mnt/collection1/ogg/koka
67
: -a : .
# : tar . .tar -a :
cvf v c creat f file
) -cvf .( -fvc
1- wcw
1 /mnt/collection /home/ahmed/Desktop :
1ahmed@the-game:~> cd /mnt/collection Desktop/wcw.tar wcw
/ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1> tar -cvf /home/ahmed
77
1 /mnt/collection wcw mtm :
2- wcw
1ahmed@the-game:~> cd /mnt/collection
ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1> tar -cvf mtm.tar wcw 3-
-cwf
y n gigi 1/mnt/collection
gigi vino :
1ahmed@the-game:~> cd /mnt/collection
ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1> tar -cwf vino.tar gigi : ?'add `/mnt/collection1/gigi y add `/mnt/collection1/gigi'?y .
87
n 4- raya gzip
.
hoda.tgz :
ahmed@the-game:~> tar -czvf hoda.tgz raya 5- raya 2 bzip
2 hoda.bz :
ahmed@the-game:~> tar -cjvf hoda.bz2 raya -b :
1- vino.tar
1 /mnt/collection :
ahmed@the-game:~> tar -tf /mnt/collection1/vino.tar 2- vino.tar :
1 /mnt/collection
ahmed@the-game:~> tar -tvf /mnt/collection1/vino.tar
-c :
97
1 /mnt/collection :
1- vino.tar
1ahmed@the-game:~> cd /mnt/collection
ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1> tar -xvf vino.tar 2- vino.tar :
1 /mnt/collection
ahmed@the-game:~> tar -xvf /mnt/collection1/vino.tar 3- vino.tar
1 /mnt/collection :
ahmed@the-game:~> tar -xvwf /mnt/collection1/vino.tar : ?'extract `gigi y extract `gigi'?y
08
. 4- nana.pdf wcw.tar
1 /mnt/collection :
1ahmed@the-game:~> cd /mnt/collection wcw/nana.pdf
ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1> tar -xf wcw.tar
1- mido yara.tar
-d :
:
ahmed@the-game:~> tar -rvf yara.tar mido 2- } { gamal :
yara.tar
ahmed@the-game:~> tar -rvf yara.tar gamal
# : cpio
18
cpio .
-f ls find
1 /mnt/collection noga tatu :
1- } noga {
ahmed@the-game:~> cd /mnt/collection1/noga ../tatu.cpio
> ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1/noga> ls | cpio -ov
ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1/noga> find | cpio -ov > ../tatu.cpio
1 /mnt/collection noga
2- } noga { tatu :
ahmed@the-game:~> cd /mnt/collection1/noga > ../tatu.cpio
ahmed@the-game:/mnt/collection1/noga> find | cpio -ov
o creates v .
28
ls find cpio
.
ls find
. } ls . { find ls }
find }
{ ls .
{ find
.
find . 2- : :
ls .
:
1- noga
ahmed@the-game:~> cpio -iv mkdir tamer ahmed@the-game:~> cd tamer ahmed@the-game:~/tamer> cpio -iv gzip amr-diab.mp 2- amr-diab
48
) 9 ( : ahmed@the-game:~> gzip -9 amr-diab.tar 3- -tv
amr-diab.tar.gz
:
ahmed@the-game:~> gzip -tv amr-diab.tar : ( amr-diab.tar.gz ) ok ) not ok
: ( amr-diab.tar.gz .
4- amr-diab.tar.gz
:
ahmed@the-game:~> gzip -l amr-diab.tar.gz 5- amr-diab.mp3.gz :
ahmed@the-game:~> gzip -d amr-diab.mp3.gz :
.
58
68
: # : mcedit 1- : ahmed elsayed ahmed ali mido : -a : ahmed@the-game:~> mcedit
:
78
ok quit
save save
-b ahmed elsayed ahmed ali
. 2- mido : ahmed@the-game:~> mcedit mido
.
: tool bar 9. f
88
# vim : gvim vim vi vi : .
. vim vim vi
: gvim vim . vim ) - ( . 1- : .
. Esc i . insert vim 05 . http://www.vim.org 2- :
manual
. 275 : vim .
:
98
ahmed@the-game:~> evim : 1- file.txt
:
ahmed@the-game:~> vim file.txt
~ file.txt new file
09
i insert ) -- INSERT
-- ( :
A very intelligent turtle
Found programming unix a hurdle ,The system, you see ,Ran as slow as did he
.And that's not saying much for the turtle Esc )
-- INSERT ( : wq .
: 2- . vim : 1- .
k up arraw j down arraw l right arraw h left arraw
19
:help ctrl + ww :q / Delete x dw w e b dd p End $ + shift number zero ^ + shift ) + shift ( + shift }+ shift { + shift gg page up page down
29
u ctrl + r
undo u
:e :split ctrl + ww :w :q !:q :wq
vim : 1- ( + d + shift
: . my name is ahmed elsayed ahmed ali . this is my last chance . this my last escape
my name is ahmed elsayed ahmed ali .
39
2- ( + c + shift
.
3- ( + y + shift
p
4-
)
5-
:
y3w : :
3w
1- ahmed
a ctrl + x ctrl + p 2-
ctrl + x ctrl + f49
ctrl + p ctrl + n : ctrl + x ctrl + f .
3- ctrl + x ctrl + k
# : pico . pine . vim file.txt :ahmed@the-game:~> pico file.txt -m : ahmed@the-game:~> pico -m file.txt file.txt .
-v :
59
ahmed@the-game:~> pico -v file.txt
- t :
ahmed@the-game:~> pico -t file.txt -x : ahmed@the-game:~> pico -x file.txt pico linux file.save
save file.txt
: pico
up arraw down arraw right arraw left arraw ctrl + g ctrl + x ctrl + c
69
backspace Delete ctrl + d ctrl + k ctrl + u ctrl + e ctrl + a ctrl + j ctrl + v page down ctrl + y page up ctrl + w ctrl + t ctrl + r ctrl + o ctrl + x
# : nano pico . http://www.nano-editor.org 7.0.2 pico . nano
79
file.txt :
ahmed@the-game:~> nano file.txt -m : ahmed@the-game:~> nano -m file.txt file.txt .
-x : ahmed@the-game:~> nano -x file.txt
-v :
ahmed@the-game:~> nano -v file.txt
- t :
ahmed@the-game:~> nano -t file.txt
89
# : emacs : -a -b -c -d lisp -e -f -g use net -h diray calendar -i !! -j !! :
1- auto save
2- ~
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/emacs 1.2.22 GNU Emacs 62-8002-Mar
emacs
99
1- file.txt : ahmed@the-game:~> emacs file.txt 2- file.txt : ahmed@the-game:~> emacs -nw file.txt emacs : .
emacs ctrl + h t
manual ctrl + h I ctrl + h f ctrl + h p : emacs m meta alt . Esc c . ctrl
: emacs up arraw down arraw right arraw
001
left arraw Delete Alt + d Ctrl + e Ctrl + a Ctrl + k Page down Page up new file ctrl + f Ctrl + x name ctrl + s Ctrl + x new file ctrl + w Ctrl + x name ctrl + c Ctrl + x
emacs
: . alt +x
tab calendar
emacs alt + x tab
101
. emacs c cc-mode alt + x . emacs
java java-mode
emacs calendar
alt + x calendar enter } ramadan enter 1 enter . goto tool bar islamic date enter :
{
: tool bar . emacs !!!
doctor enter .
alt + x
201
: emacs .
# : xemacs xemacs emacs xwindows } { xemacs . . # : > <
| sed
# : sed . : sed 1- . 2- . script
: 1-
301
: gamal : mr. Ahmed mr. Islame mr. Hazem mr. Hassan . mr . mrs . lila :
ahmed@ahmed:~$ sed s/mr./mrs./g lila : .
2- . script : mando : . My name is Ahmed Elsayed Ahmed Ali . 11 My operating system is opensuse
mohammed abas ismail . biso
ahmed elsayed ahmed ali hazem
script soma.sed :
/s/Ahmed/hazem
/s/Elsayed/mohammed
401
/s/Ahmed/abas /s/Ali/ismail
: capital small .
: ahmed@ahmed:~$ sed -f soma.sed biso
# : ispell ispell :ahmed@ahmed:~$ whereis linux.words . ispell : :
noga
ahmed@conan:~> ispell noga
501
. -a . :
-c r -d -e *
-b . a
. .I
wildcard L -f . up arraw -i . q
enter .
-g ? .
601
701
: -a : # : /dev ) vga scanner pci (. ) . ( physical partition :
cd rom ide ata :
primary master hda primary slave hdb
secondary master hdc secondary slave hdd
) primary master ( secondary master
) primary slave ( secondary slave . sata :
801
: primary secondary master . slave sata sda
cd rom sata : cd rom 2scd cd rom 1scd
sata sdc
sata sdb
cd rom 3 scd : 7002
sdx ata sata . hdx :
slackware
: . primary . logical partition
: extended 1- primary : 1 sda .
3 sda .
2 sda .
4 sda .
901
2- primary extended logical : 1 sda .
3 sda . 5 sda logical
2 sda .
4 sda . extended 6 sda logical
extended 2 /dev/sda . logical
3- primary
7 sda logical .
umount
:
. 1 hda /mnt/win-xp :
linux-186f:/home/ahmed # umount /mnt/win-xp
# : fdisk . : fdisk -a :
011
linux-186f:/home/ahmed # fdisk -l : / dev/sdc - b linux-186f:/home/ahmed # fdisk /dev/sdc : The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 19457. and could in certain setups cause problems with:
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024, 1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO) 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): : fdisk m - c Command (m for help): m Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel d delete a partition
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
111
l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit
)x extra functionality (experts only :)Command (m for help : fdisk d .
l . p . n .
t . v . m . w .
x ) ( .
211
q . fdisk .
4 primary . logical :
1- -l : linux-186f:/home/ahmed # fdisk -l 2- fdisk )
( /dev/sdb :
conan:/home/ahmed # fdisk /dev/sdb : .75491 The number of cylinders for this disk is set to :and could in certain setups cause problems with
,4201 There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than )1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO 2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs )(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK
311
:)Command (m for help 3- 3
primary ) logical
( d :
Command (m for help): d : :)6-1( Partition number 4-
) primary 1 extended 2 logical 5 6 ( enter .
5- w . 6- 4 primary
extended 3 . logical n :
Command (m for help): n :
411
Command action e extended )4-1( p primary partition p primary
:
p
:)4-1( Partition number 1 primary
enter :
1 :)4-1( Partition number 1 Using default value :)54577
:)1 First cylinder (1-77545, default Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-77545, default
01 +10000M
) (
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-77545, default
511
77545): +10000M
/http://linuxac.org
:)Command (m for help extended n
enter :
e 2 2 sda
Command (m for help): n Command action e extended
e
)4-1( p primary partition
2 :)4-1( Partition number
:)87391 First cylinder (19378-77545, default 87391 Using default value :)54577 default ,54577-87391( Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK 54577 Using default value logical logical .
n l logical enter :611
Command (m for help): n Command action )l logical (5 or over
l
)4-1( p primary partition
:)87391 First cylinder (19378-77545, default 87391 Using default value :)54577 default ,54577-87391( Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK
51 +15000M
) (
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-77545, default 77545): +15000M
:)Command (m for help w
.
. t
711
: l Command (m for help): l 0 Empty 1 FAT12 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix 24 NEC DOS 39 Plan 9 be
Solaris boot 2 XENIX root 3 XENIX usr
DRDOS/sec (FATDRDOS/sec (FATDRDOS/sec (FATSyrinx data 5 Extended 6 FAT16 4 FAT16