linde ag division linde gas - 1&1...

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Ideas became technology

Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch

Linde AGDivision Linde Gas

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XV ICF Technical Exchange Conference

Arques/St. Omer, France

Effective surface coating with carbon applied to the production of crystal & lead crystal articles by

Carboflam-technology

Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Goerisch

Linde AG Division Linde Gas

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Contents

1. Introduction

2. Gas Applications & Products

3. Carboflam Basics

4. Carboflam characteristics

5. Equipment

6. Sample installations

7. Summary & outlook

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Contents

1. Introduction


3. Carboflam Basics


5. Equipment



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Linde EngineeringEngineering and constructionAir and gas separation plantsChemical and petrochemical plants

Sales:Employees:

1,036 Mio. Euro34,060

Linde GasGases and gas application processes, systems and equipment

Gas and Engineering 2002Sales:Employees: 17,500

3,889 Mio. Euro

Material Handling 2002Industrial trucksHydraulics

Sales:Employees:

2,979 Mio. Euro18,188

Refrigeration 2002Refrigerated and freezer display casesand cold roomsNon-refrigerated shop equipmentSpace and process cooling systems

Sales:Employees:

879 Mio. Euro6,276

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Contents

1. Introduction


3. Carboflam Basics


5. Equipment



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Glass Segments, Gas Glass Segments, Gas Applications Applications & & TypesTypes of Gasof Gas

Target Segments Used gases Linde technology

availlable, not namedCOROX I+IICOROX I+II

Speciality O2+H2Flat N2+H2Art & tablew. O2+C2H2 CARBOFLAM

surface mixed LINFIRECARBOPOX

O2+H2 HYDROPOXArt & T. O2 'Glory Hole'Speciality SG: Kr, SF6 etc.

Application

O2

O2Forming & Processing

Flame treatment / Fire polishing

Reheating Station

premixed

Filling

MeltingAll Segments

Art & T., Speciality

Special MeltingInertingLubrication / Blackening

Oxygen EnrichmentOxygen LancingOxygen boosting / Oxy Fuel BoostingAll Oxy Fuel

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Glass Segments, Gas Glass Segments, Gas Applications Applications & & TypesTypes of Gasof Gas

Target Segments Used gases Linde technology

availlable, not namedCOROX I+IICOROX I+II

Speciality O2+H2Flat N2+H2Art & tablew. O2+C2H2 CARBOFLAM

surface mixed LINFIRECARBOPOX

O2+H2 HYDROPOXArt & T. O2 'Glory Hole'Speciality SG: Kr, SF6 etc.

Oxygen EnrichmentOxygen LancingOxygen boosting / Oxy Fuel BoostingAll Oxy Fuel

Art & T., Speciality

Special MeltingInertingLubrication / Blackening

Application

O2

O2Forming & Processing

Flame treatment / Fire polishing

Reheating Station

premixed

Filling

MeltingAll Segments

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Contents

1. Introduction


3. Carboflam Basics


5. Equipment



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Possible technologies applied to surface coatings in the crystall or lead crystall production

- Chromium plating of metal surfaces,

- Surface finishing of moulds by creating ceramic layers,

- Polishing of metall surfaces (e.g. like moulds),

- Coating of surfaces by spraying systems, e.g. with graphite suspensions, waxes

or water-/oil-suspensions,

- Use of burner systems, e.g. a natural gas/air burner, where propane is injected

into the flame in the case of coating with carbon,

- Carboflam-burner systems for surface coatings with carbon!

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Carboflam-technology

- Coating of surfaces with the Carboflamtechnology is the alternative to sepera-

ting and insulating with graphite suspensions, waxes and emulsions,

- Carbon is applied with an acetylene/oxygen flame,

- Once being combusted, acetylene separates into carbon and hydrogen and

creates a thin carbon layer on the mould surface.

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Carbon in the Carboflam-process

- Carbon (or carbon black) is produced under exactly defined conditions and is

generally physiologically safe,

- Within the Carboflam-process we talk about carbon coating, and not sooting,

- Acetylene and oxygen is burnt in such a defined way, that in the range of 95-97%

of the resultant carbon is deposited on the surface being coated,

- Due to shortest coating periods (less than 0,1 sec.) the workplace concentration

of substances is significantly lower than when spraying and than burning oils or

suspensions.

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Structures and properties of carbon coats by Carboflam-technology

- Acetylene carbon particles consist of 98-100% pure carbon, contain virtually

no volatile or extractable components and are not solutable in water,

- Coats produced with the Carboflam-process consists of almost globular par-

ticles (each of these particles consist of a large number of small crystalls in a

size range of 2-3 nm),which are lined up each behind an other in a chain,

- The coats lie parallel to each other, deposited on the surface of the mould,

- The lubrcation effect of acetylene carbon is very low, compared to other tech-

nologies.

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Carboflam-technology, burner principle

- The carbon coat is applied using an outside mixing burner, a so-called air-

shield burner,

- Acetylene is shielded by

an oxygen stream,

- Acetylene and oxygen

are ignited by a perma-

nently burning acetylene /

oxygen flame

Principle of the Carboflam-burner

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Carboflam-technology, process principle

First phase

Second phase

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Carboflam- temperature measurement, normal glass

middle of the mould

lower point of the mould

Lubrication by manual,

water-/oil-suspension

T em

pera

t ur e

/ C

Time / hours

Carboflam-coating

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Carboflam- coating compared to manual coating

Time / hours

middle of the mould

lower point of the mould

Carboflam

lubrication

Lubrication by manual,

water-/oil-suspension

T em

pera

t ur e

/ C

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Carboflam- independence of mould surface temperature andcoating cycle

Datas

Calculated graph

y = y0 + A1exp(-x/t1)

T em

pera

t ur e

/ C

Coating frequency

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Contents

1. Introduction


3. Carboflam Basics


5. Equipment



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Characteristics of the Carboflam-System

Surface mixed burners Electric / electropneumatic control unitsCooled / uncooled burnersStandard burners / special designed burnersMaterials: brass, stainless steel

Carboflam- Technology

Used gases Acetylen and Oxygen

Areas of application Effective deposition of surfaces with carbon

Working parameters distance 5-10 cmtime for carbon deposition < 0,1 sec.

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Advantages and typical uses of Carboflam

- Improvement of the glass quality (e.g. production of crystall or lead cry-stall articles,

- Reduction of flash arising from the manufacturing process (e.g. seams,sharp edges, press- or cold-/flow-waves),

- Effective deposition on mould surfaces, suitable to round-about and IS-machines, up to a number of cuts per minute of 100,

- Improvement of the process stability (adjustment, automatic),

- Surface coating with carbon as process replacement,

- Autmatic requalification of the carbon layer,

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Advantages and typical uses of Carboflam

- Possibility to raise the mould temperature,

- Possibility for new products,

- Mould duration increased (e.g. 200 - 500 %),

- Reduction of maintenance costs,

- Increased productivity + higher mould duration+ reduced losses

- Safety

- Minimized polution

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Contents

1. Introduction


3. Carboflam Basics


5. Equipment



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Carboflam-gas supply concept, pressure regulation

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Carboflam-principle

1

4 5

6Pos. Pos.

1 Mixing valve, pilot flame 4 Electric valve, acetylene2 Manual valve, acetylene 5 Electric valve, oxygen3 Manual valve, oxygen 6 Carboflam-burner

Mixing valve, pilot flame

Oxygen

Acetylene

2 3

4 5

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Carboflam-burner, scheme

Design principle of a Carboflam-burners, two- and three nozzle

Design principle of a Carboflam-burner, one nozzle

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Carboflam-Burner

Standard Carboflam-burner

Carboflam- burner, double glass drop

Carboflam- burner, three glass drop

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Carboflam: test equipment in the lab

- Burner test e.g. for double

drop burners

- Investigation of coating fla-

mes (stability, size, etc.),

- Characterisation

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Contents

1. Introduction


3. Carboflam Basics


5. Equipment



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Carboflam- installation

Container glass

Tableware

Float glass

Industrial glass

Container glass : Bottles, jars, cosmetics containersTableware: Glasses, plates, vasesFloat glass: car windshields, construction glass, reinforced glassIndustrial glass: Borosilicat glass, ampoules, tubes

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Carboflam- installation, production of normal glass

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Contents

1. Introduction


3. Carboflam Basics


5. Equipment



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Carboflam

Due to the technology, burner design, working parameters etc:

High effective technique for surface coating with carbon, compared to spraying systems or lubrication by manualRising productivitiy within improving the process stability Cost savings

Automatic lubrication,water-/oil-suspension

Demands/Requirements

Results/Effectivity

Lubrication by manual,water-/oil-suspension

Carboflam

Rising requirements

higher efficiency

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