lifespan chapter 7 online stud
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
1
Chapter 7Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Childhood
2
Physical Development
Physical growth The only stage when
girls are taller than boys Nutrition can affect
growth
3
Proper nutrition is linked to positive personality traits
4
More nutritious diets = more energy & self confidence.
5
Physical Activity > increased overall attention AND greater cog dev’t
Meanwhile, hours of physical activity have been decreasing and obesity rates have been rising.
6
Safety in Cyberspace
• How do you monitor children’s internet access?
7
Health, Illness, Disease, Accidents, and Injuries
Disease, injury, death less prevalent than other periods in childhood and adolescenceMost common?
What else?
8
9
Obesity in Children
10
Balanced Diet?
Recent studies have found that children’s diets are almost opposite the diet recommended by the USDA.
How obsessed should we be?
Most common chronic disease in children?
12
Children With Special Needs
13.2% of age 3-21 in U.S. receive special ed services;
61% LD or speech and lang1.3% movement
13
Historical Educational Issues 1975 -- Public Law 94-142 (the Education for all
Handicapped Children Act): — all students with disabilities must be given a free, appropriate public education. Now: IDEA - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1990;
Revised again in 2004 — Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
IEP Least restrictive environment (LRE)
• Inclusion
14
Children with Special Needs–Auditory Impairment
Loss in infancy is more severe than after age 3. [Why?]
Abstract thinking may be affected.
Noise Induced Hearing Loss
15
Children with Special Needs–Speech
50% of what most 2-year-olds say should be understood by an unfamiliar listener;
75% of what most 3-year-olds say; 100% of what most 4-year-olds say.
Stuttering NOT an emotional Dx Not related to low IQ Not caused by anxiety Often a family history
16
Children with Special Needs–Learning Disabilities
What is it?
LD diagnosis Dyslexia
17
Approaches to Teaching Reading
Whole-language approach parallels natural language learning
Phonics approach basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds
Children with Special Needs–LD and ADHD–
ADHD: A learning disability? ~5 to 12 percent of school-age children? Ritalin, Dexedrine (Adderall), Pemoline (Cylert)
ADHD and learning disabilities should be evaluated by a specialist
A real problem, but probably overdiagnosed in some classrooms/schools/neiborhoods
19
Mental Retardation
Mental retardation is typically measured by IQ tests.
Four levels of retardation Mild Moderate Severe Profound
Distribution of IQ Scores
21
Distribution of IQ Scores [and next]
22
Intellectually Gifted
3 to 5 % of school-age children are Gifted and talented
Two options:• Acceleration• Enrichment
23
Intellectual Development: Piaget
Concrete Operations.• active, appropriate use of logic.
Conservation problems easily solved—logic used over appearance.
Decentering Reversability Classification Mental seriation using logic
(transitivity)
–Decentering–
Piaget’s Matchstick Problem
Make 6 equilateral triangles out of six matchsticks.
25
Vygotsky in the Classroom
Focus on [?]:
26
Language Development During Middle Childhood
Metalinguistic Awareness
Over 10% of US student population are ELLs. Of that number, ~80% are Spanish speaking.
Being bilingual may have cognitive advantages:
greater cognitive flexibility greater metalinguistic awareness improvement on IQ tests is equivocal
27
Multicultural Education
“In recent years a considerable amount of thought has gone into establishing multicultural education, a form of education in which the goal is to help minority students develop competence in the culture of the majority group while maintaining positive group identities that build on their original culture.”
28
Intelligence
Alfred Binet1) Intelligence – that which his test
measured
2) IQ tests should be reasonable indicators of school success.
3) X = 100
?
29
Alternative Conceptions of Intelligence
Fluid Intelligence Crystallized Intelligence
30
Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
31
Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences (Frames of Mind)
Each are relatively independent