lifespan chapter 1 online stud
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Welcome to Psychology 41Lifespan Development
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A pattern of change involving growth and decline, from the womb to the tomb.
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Lifespan Development
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Biology, culture, and individual factors all work together. [next]
LifelongMultidimensionalMultidirectionalPlasticContextualMultidisciplinary
Lifespan Development is
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Bronfenbrenner and the ecological approach
Four major levels:
1) Microsystem
2) Mesosystem
3) Exosystem
4) Macrosystem
5) Chronosystem
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Developmentalists focus on different topics…
1. Physical DevelopmentIncluding the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep
Malnutrition, declining athletic performance
“How does malnutrition affect the growth of children?”
“How does an athlete’s physical performance decline during adulthood?”
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Topical areas studied by developmentalists
2. Cognitive DevelopmentGrowth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a person’s behavior
Learning, memory, problem solving skills, and intelligence across the lifespanHow do you explain academic successes and failures?When are first memories solidified?How does mental capacity change as we age?
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Topical areas studied by developmentalists
3a. Personality Development (part of psychosocial)
Enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another; remain stable or change over the life spanDoes personality change?How do patterns of activities change as we
age?
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Topical areas studied by developmentalists
3b. Social Development (part of socioemotional/psychosocial)
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How does poverty, racism, and divorce affect development?How are one’s peers predictive of future successes and failures?Who fares better when an older spouse dies?
– Interactions and social relationships; how they grow, change, and remain stable
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People mature at different rates and reach developmental milestones at different
points
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A 13-year-old boy waits to leave on patrol in Nicaragua
So how do you measure stages of development?
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Biological processes
Socioemotional processes
Cognitive processes
Developmental Changes Are a Result of the Interaction of Physical, Cognitive, and
Socioemotional Processes
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Biological processes
Socioemotional processes
Cognitive processes
Developmental Changes Are a Result of the Interaction of Physical, Cognitive, and
Socioemotional Processes
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The lifespan is usually divided into broad age
ranges.
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Emerging Adulthood 19 to middle 20s
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Key Issues in Lifespan Development
Continuous vs. Discontinuous Change
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Ethological Theory andCritical/Sensitive Periods
Nature vs. Nurture
Stability vs. Change
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Key Issues in Lifespan Development
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Theoretical Perspectives
Psychodynamic
Freud – Psychoanalytic Theory
Erikson – Psychosocial Development
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Behavioral Perspective(Skinner)
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We can only accurately study what can be observed.
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Social-Cognitive Perspective(Bandura)
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Person Behavior
Environment
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Cognitive Perspectives
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Piaget
Vygotsky• Socio-cultural (contextual) theory
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Information-Processing Theory