licensing+101+aix+user+group
TRANSCRIPT
© 2008 IBM Corporation
Software Licensing andProcessing Pooling(AKA Licensing 101)
2 © 2008 IBM Corporation
IBM Processors
IBM introduced the first system with dual processor chips in 2001 – the Model 690 server. Since mid 2002 all AIX servers have been built with
dual processor chips – POWER4, POWER5 and POWER6 based servers.
The chips contains two processor cores – sometimes people refer to them as “cores” and sometimes as “processors”. Each of the processor cores
handle the processing of instructions independent of each other. The chip is the physical packaging of the processor cores. The terms “processor”
and “core” means exactly the same and are interchangeable.
POWER4, POWER5, and POWER6 chips have two processor cores on a chip.
Shared L2
1.5+ GHzCore
Distributed Switch
1.5+ GHzCore
1.1+ GHzCore
Distributed Switch
Shared L2
1.1+ GHzCore
POWER4 POWER5 POWER6
L2
Fabric Bus Controller
3.6+ GHzCore
3.6+ GHzCore
L2
3 © 2008 IBM Corporation
Updated presentation
This presentation has been updated with the Oracle Software Licensing revisions dated March 16, 2009.
The revision increases the POWER6 “multiplier” from .75 licenses per processor core to 1 license per processor core.
POWER5 serves remain at the same .75 licenses per processor core multiplier.
4 © 2008 IBM Corporation
IBM DefinitionsWhat does IBM mean by a “processor”?
There are three “processor” metrics that are used in the POWER6 based server.
The “Entitled” processors – is the amount of guaranteed amount of processor resources that a partition will get. This number has no
bearing on the amount of licenses required.
The “Virtual” processors – is the amount of processor resources that a partition can get if there is available resources in the pool. This
number is the high water mark for this individual partition.
The “Logical” processors – is the number of threads that the operating system sees. If SMT is turned on (it is by default) then the
number of logical processors will be two times the number of Virtual processors of the partition. This number has no bearing on
the amount of licenses required.
Oracle does not charge for multithreading. A processor core is a set of one or more processor threads. The processor thread tracks execution of a software program
thread. As a result, Oracle does not charge per number of thread.
5 © 2008 IBM Corporation
Oracle Definitions
There are three Editions of the database with different functionality
Oracle Standard Edition One may only be licensed on servers that have a maximum capacity of 2 sockets.
Oracle Standard Edition may only be licensed on servers that have a maximum capacity of 4 sockets.
Oracle Enterprise Edition can be licensed on any server.
The limitations are based on the total physical capacity of the server and can not be based on partitioning.
Which Version of the Database can I use?
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Oracle Definitions
Which Database Edition runs on what server?
JS12 / JS22 520 550 560 570 595
Standard Edition One Yes Yes No No No No
Standard Edition Yes Yes Yes No No No
Enterprise Edition Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Oracle List Price per Core
Standard Edition One - $ 5,800
Standard Edition - $ 17,500
Enterprise Edition - $ 47,500
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Named User Plus – each human and non-human operated device connected to the database must be counted and is subject to
minimums based on the Edition of the database.
Standard Edition One and Standard Edition requires a minimum of 5 Named User Plus licenses or the total number of actual users,
whichever is greater.
Enterprise Edition requires a minimum of 25 Named User Plus licenses or the total number of actual users, whichever is greater.
Which Metric to use for the license – Named User Plus or Processor ?
Oracle Definitions
8 © 2008 IBM Corporation
Processor - This metric is used in environments where users cannot be identified and counted. This metric can also be used when the Named User Plus population is very high and it is more cost effective for the
customer to license the Database using the Processor metric.
For IBM POWER5 chips, the number of licenses required shall be determined by multiplying cores by a factor of .75. All cores on all
multicore chips for each licensed program are to be aggregated before multiplying by the appropriate factor and all fractions of a number are to
be rounded up to the next whole number. The total can never exceed the total physical number of processor cores in the frame.
When licensing Oracle programs with Standard Edition One or Standard Edition in the product name, a processor is counted equivalent to a
socket.
Oracle Definitions
Most licensing today is done using the Processor Metric.
Which Metric to use for the license – Named User Plus or Processor ?
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Production and Test must be fully licensed under named User Plus or Processor based metrics.
Backups - Oracle permits customers to store a back up copy of the database on storage devices without purchasing additional licenses.
Failover - Nodes are configured in “cluster” with the first installed node acting as a primary node (HACMP). Oracle permits licensed customers to run on an unlicensed spare computer for up to a total of ten separate days in any given calendar year. No licensing required for failover server.
Standby - One or many copies of the primary database are maintained on separate server(s) configured for disaster recovery purposes at all times (DataGuard). If the primary database fails, the standby database is activated to act as the new primary database. In this environment, the primary and the standby databases must be fully licensed.
When is a license required?
Oracle Definitions
10 © 2008 IBM Corporation
Soft partitioning segments the operating system using OS resource managers. The operating system limits the number of CPUs where an Oracle is running by creating areas where CPU resources are allocated to applications within the same operating system.
Soft partitioning is not permitted as a means to determine or limit the number of software licenses required for any given server.
How do you count the partitions?
Oracle Definitions
Some examples of soft partitions are Sun Containers and IBM Workload Partitions. These do NOT count for sub capacity.
11 © 2008 IBM Corporation
Hard partitioning physically segments a server, by taking a single large server and separating it into distinct smaller systems. Each separated system acts as a physically independent, self-contained server.
Oracle allows customers to license only the number of CPUs that are turned on to run Oracle.
Oracle does not offer special licensing terms for server usage models where the number of CPUs used can be scaled down or their usage varied “Pay Per Use” or “Pay Per Forecast” models.
How do you count the partitions?
Oracle Definitions
Some examples of hard partitions are Sun Domains and IBM Logical Partitions. These do count for sub capacity.
12 © 2008 IBM Corporation
IBM DefinitionsWhat does IBM mean by a “value unit”?
IBM Software Group (SWG) uses a relative pricing structure based on the “Processor Value Unit “ or PVU. They also license their software
products on a “subcapacity” basis. You must have these licenses to take advantage of processor pool licensing constructs.
The PVU rating for POWER5 processors is 100 PVUs per processor core (with one exception).
The one exception to this rule it the PVU rating for the Quad Core Module units (like the Model 55Q) is 50 PVUs per processor core.
The PVU rating for POWER6 processors is 120 PVUs per processor core.
13 © 2008 IBM Corporation
A Model 570 server has eleven partitions – three run the Oracle database, three run the WebSphere application server (WAS) , three run the web server and two Virtual I/O (VIO) servers
The partitions are configured as:
Oracle Definitions applied to POWER5
Partition Environment Entitled Virtual
Oracle Database Prod 2 4
Oracle Database QA 1 4
Oracle Database Test 0.5 2
WebSphere Application Prod 2 4
WebSphere Application QA 1 4
WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2
Web Prod 0.5 2
Web QA 0.25 2
Web Test 0.25 1
VIO One Prod 0.25 1
VIO Two Prod 0.25 1
14 © 2008 IBM Corporation
Since IBM Logical Partitions are considered Hard Partitions, only the partitions that can run the Oracle database are required to be licensed.
Partition Environment Entitled Virtual
Oracle Database Prod 2 4
Oracle Database QA 1 4
Oracle Database Test 0.5 2
WebSphere Application Prod 2 4
WebSphere Application QA 1 4
WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2
Web Prod 0.5 2
Web QA 0.25 2
Web Test 0.25 1
VIO One Prod 0.25 1
VIO Two Prod 0.25 1
Oracle Definitions applied to POWER5
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Next count all of the processor cores that can run the Oracle database, which is also known as the “High Water Mark”. On a POWER5 server, the maximum number of processor cores per partition is determined by the number of Virtual Processors (VPs).
Partition Environment Virtual
Database Prod 4
Database QA 4
Database Test 2
Next total the number of Virtual Processors and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required (and always round up).
Sum VPs 4 + 4 + 2 = 10 times .75 = 7.5 round up to 8 licenses.
Oracle Definitions applied to POWER5
So this server requires a total of eight processor metric licenses.
16 © 2008 IBM Corporation
When running WAS with a “subcapacity” license, only the partitions that can run the WebSphere Application server are required to be licensed.
Partition Environment Entitled Virtual
Oracle Database Prod 2 4
Oracle Database QA 1 4
Oracle Database Test 0.5 2
WebSphere Application Prod 2 4
WebSphere Application QA 1 4
WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2
Web Prod 0.5 2
Web QA 0.25 2
Web Test 0.25 1
VIO One Prod 0.25 1
VIO Two Prod 0.25 1
IBM Definitions applied to POWER5
17 © 2008 IBM Corporation
Next count all of the processor cores that can run the WebSphere Application Server, which is also known as the “High Water Mark”. On a POWER5 server, the maximum number of processor cores per partition is determined by the number of Virtual Processors (VPs).
Partition Environment Virtual
WebSphere Application Prod 4
WebSphere Application QA 4
WebSphere Application Test 2
Next total the number of Virtual Processors and multiply by the factor to determine the number of PVU licenses required.
Sum VPs 4 + 4 + 2 = 10 times 100 = 1,000 PVU licenses.
IBM Definitions applied to POWER5
So this server requires a total of 1,000 PVU subcapacity WAS licenses.
18 © 2008 IBM Corporation
The Game Changer – Sub Processor Pools
IBM POWER6
One of the major differences between POWER5 and POWER6 based servers is how the processor pooling function works.
In POWER5 all of the processors are in a single pool, so you need to add the number of Virtual Processors in ALL of the partitions that run Oracle to determine the High Water Mark.
In POWER6 you can create multiple processor pools. Each of these sub pools can move resources between the partitions in the sub pool so you still get the benefits of processor pooling but the total amount of processor resources available to ALL of the partitions in the sub pool can not exceed the sub pool.
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On the HMC, you create the
Sub Pool under the
Configuration tab under
System Plans. The Shared Processor
Pool Management screen allows you to define the name and size of your sub pools.
IBM POWER6 Sub Pools
20 © 2008 IBM Corporation
On the Shared Processor Pool
Management screen, assign a name to the Pool
and define the maximum number
of processing units for that
pool. This is the sum total of the
processor resources
available to ALL of the partitions in that Sub Pool.
IBM POWER6 Sub Pools
21 © 2008 IBM Corporation
IBM POWER6 Sub PoolsOn your standard view on the HMC, it shows which Sub Pool each of the
partitions participate in.
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The Game Changer – Sub Processor Pools
IBM POWER6
Cautions and Caveats
If you do not choose a Sub Pool for a partition, it will automatically participate in the “default” pool. In this case you must count ALL of the partitions running Oracle in the default pool to determine the High Water Mark (just like you did on POWER5).
When you create a Sub Pool, the number of Maximum Processing Units must be EQUAL to OR GREATER than the highest number of Virtual Processors in any individual partition participating in that sub pool.
Don’t make your Sub Pool too small or else you may have partitions looking for processor resources but there is none left in the pool to share (unless that is your intent).
Sub Pools create “one way fences”. The partitions can not grow outside of the Sub Pool fence, but if these partitions are not using all of the processor resources partitions from the default pool can use them.
23 © 2007 IBM Corporation
The Game Changer – Sub Processor Pools
The Sub Pool limits the partition’s access to processor resources. This ensures compliance with software licensing and/or limiting one group or department amount of resources that they can use.
Within the Sub Pool, the processor resources are pooled and dynamically moved between the partitions in this group.
When the Sub Pool is not using 100% of it’s designated maximum resources, they are donated back to the default processor pool for access by other partitions on the frame (arrow on chart). 0
4
8
12
16
Oracle 1 Oracle 2 Oracle 3 WAS 1 WAS 2WAS 3 Web 1 Web 2 Web 3 VIO
24 © 2007 IBM Corporation
A Model 570 server has eleven partitions – three run the Oracle database, three run the application server, three run the web server and two Virtual I/O (VIO) servers.
The partitions are configured as:
Same set of partitions, on a POWER6 server
Partition Environment Entitled Virtual
Oracle Database Prod 2 4
Oracle Database QA 1 4
Oracle Database Test 0.5 2
WebSphere Application Prod 2 4
WebSphere Application QA 1 4
WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2
Web Prod 0.5 2
Web QA 0.25 2
Web Test 0.25 1
VIO One Prod 0.25 1
VIO Two Prod 0.25 1
Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6
25 © 2007 IBM CorporationIBM Confidential
Partition Environment Entitled Virtual
Oracle Database Prod 2 4
Oracle Database QA 1 4
Oracle Database Test 0.5 2
WebSphere Application Prod 2 4
WebSphere Application QA 1 4
WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2
Web Prod 0.5 2
Web QA 0.25 2
Web Test 0.25 1
VIO One Prod 0.25 1
VIO Two Prod 0.25 1
Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6
Since IBM Logical Partitions are considered Hard Partitions, only the partitions that can run the Oracle database are required to be licensed.
26 © 2007 IBM Corporation
If, and only if, all of these partitions are in a separate subprocessor pool, then the number of processors defined in the subprocessor pool becomes the new High Water mark. If not, then the maximum number of processor cores per partition is determined by the number of Virtual Processors (VPs).
POWER6 Example without SubPool
Partition Environment Virtual SubPool
Oracle Database Prod 4 Default
Oracle Database QA 4 Default
Oracle Database Test 2 Default
Sum VPs 4 + 4 + 2 = 10 licenses.
Next total the number of Virtual Processors and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required.
Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6
If you do not create Sub Pools, licensing is 25% higher than POWER5.
27 © 2008 IBM Corporation
If, and only if, all of these partitions are in a separate subprocessor pool, then the number of processors defined in the subprocessor pool becomes the new High Water mark.
POWER6 Example with Oracle specific SubPool
Partition Environment Virtual SubPool
Oracle Database Prod 4 Oracle
Oracle Database QA 4 Oracle
Oracle Database Test 2 Oracle
Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6
28 © 2008 IBM Corporation
In our example, the SubPool could be 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 processors.If you wish to remain at the same level of licensing, you must choose 8.
You create the Oracle SubPool with the number of processors that you choose on the HMC screens shown before. The SubPool then limits the total amount of resources that these partitions can access to this number. The only requirement is that the SubPool must have at least as many processors as the largest partition in the SubPool.
POWER6 Example with Oracle specific SubPool
Take the number of processors in the Oracle specific SubPool and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required.
Oracle SubPool processor is 8 so you need 8 licenses.
This shows that we can reduce the number of licensing required by using the SubPool.
Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6
29 © 2007 IBM CorporationIBM Confidential
Partition Environment Entitled Virtual
Oracle Database Prod 2 4
Oracle Database QA 1 4
Oracle Database Test 0.5 2
WebSphere Application Prod 2 4
WebSphere Application QA 1 4
WebSphere Application Test 0.25 2
Web Prod 0.5 2
Web QA 0.25 2
Web Test 0.25 1
VIO One Prod 0.25 1
VIO Two Prod 0.25 1
IBM Definitions applied to POWER6
Since IBM Logical Partitions are considered Hard Partitions, only the partitions that can run the Oracle database are required to be licensed.
30 © 2007 IBM Corporation
If, and only if, all of these partitions are in a separate subprocessor pool, then the number of processors defined in the subprocessor pool becomes the new High Water mark. If not, then the maximum number of processor cores per partition is determined by the number of Virtual Processors (VPs).
POWER6 Example without SubPool
Partition Environment Virtual SubPool
WebSphere Application Prod 4 Default
WebSphere Application QA 4 Default
WebSphere Application Test 2 Default
Sum VPs 4 + 4 + 2 = 10 times 120 = 1,200 PVU licenses.
Next total the number of Virtual Processors and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required.
Oracle Definitions applied to POWER6
If you do not create Sub Pools, licensing is 20% higher than POWER5.
31 © 2008 IBM Corporation
If, and only if, all of these partitions are in a separate subprocessor pool, then the number of processors defined in the subprocessor pool becomes the new High Water mark.
POWER6 Example with WAS specific SubPool
Partition Environment Virtual SubPool
WebSphere Application Prod 4 WAS
WebSphere Application QA 4 WAS
WebSphere Application Test 2 WAS
IBM Definitions applied to POWER6
32 © 2008 IBM Corporation
In our example, the SubPool could be 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 processors.If you wish to remain at the same level of licensing, you must choose 8.
You create the WAS SubPool with the number of processors that you choose on the HMC screens shown before. The SubPool then limits the total amount of resources that these partitions can access to this number. The only requirement is that the SubPool must have at least as many processors as the largest partition in the SubPool.
POWER6 Example with WAS specific SubPool
Take the number of processors in the WAS specific SubPool and multiply by the factor to determine the number of licenses required.
WAS SubPool processor is 8 so you need 8 times 120 = 960 PVU licenses to remain in compliance.
This shows that we can reduce the number of licensing required by using the SubPool.
IBM Definitions applied to POWER6
33 © 2008 IBM Corporation
Oracle Sources
All references effective December 2, 2008 All quotations from Oracle documents are in red on the previous slides.
http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/databaselicensing.pdf
http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/partitioning.pdf
http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/technology-price-list.pdf
http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pricing/sig.pdf
http://www.oracle.com/corporate/pressroom/jwoods_multicore.html