CERTIFICATE

Ce r t i f Lad that

II) Mr. Kautilya H. Shukla has completed his research

work le'3ding to Ph.D ch'?

IACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My greatest debt 1~ to my guids Dr. A. TejomurtyReader, School of Studies in Library and lnformatlon Science.

It is simply not possible to express in words my deep sense

of gratitude to him for his able guidance. Dr. A Te j 0 ITI U r t y

gave me his time most willingly and in critical moments 1n my

work. installed in me a sense of confidence. Above all, I aITI

very grateful for the affection which he had shown for me &nd

the interest which he evinced ln my work and progress. 1

consider my self very fortunate to have encouragement

hi ITI.

f r OIT;

I thank the university librarians of different

universities of Gujarat, for their help in providing therequired information concerning their librarie9.

On the domestic side, throughout the period of my

~esearch work I remained highly pre-occupied. It dId mean

some neglect of my parents and my family members. But

anxieties and excitements were understood and shared. I o .....e

much to my parents, wi fe P"lllavi, sons Anklt and Ankur for

thelr silent contribution in my study by all means.

I am indebted to the different authors on the

subject whose works I have either consulted or quoted. A big.vote of thanks goes to my friend Indrajeet Singh Chauhan for

II

his cordial and willing co-operation.

Last but not least, I am thankful to all those seen

and unseen heads and hands who have been of direct or

indirect help in the completion of my work.

Makar Sankrantt

January 14, 1990

Ujjain

~'/'i - t==~~-_ .. tirleft.K H SHUKLA

III

PRefACE

The hallmaYk of the human spiyit is its Yelentless

pursuit of truth, its uniterrupted intellectual quest,

restless meanderings and the deteYmined sallies of the

unconquerable mind of man into art, literature, culture and

the mysteries of nature have resulted in a mass of experience

of knowledge which mankind has acquired since the very dawn

of history. This mass of experience and knowledge, is

embodied in books that are acquired and preserved in a highly

selective manner in university libraries. Thus university

libraries are sanctuaries where the human spirit is preserved.

In the modern sen our university libraries have

only century old tradition. Since 1873 university libraries

of the country have witnessed a swell of change because of

the emergence of Dr. S.R.Ranganathan on the library horizon,

the recommendations of Radhakrishnan Commission (1948-1949),the inceptlon of the University Grants Commission in 1956,

and the recommendations of the Kothari Commission (1964-1966). Besides this the Seminar 0' university Librarians(Jaipur) (1966), the Seminar on Work Flow in UniversityLibraries (1966) and Carl M. Whit.'s survey of Delhi

university library, and the recommendations of the seminar on

National Policy on university librarie. (1986) have given afresh thought, orient.tion and nEW dimension to university

librarianship in the country. All these factors have brought

major change tn the outbook of university librarians, their'

status and service conditions,

IV

their education and training

programme.

custodian

This

to the

change has interpreted a

interpret2r of knowledge

librarian from

and libraries

turned into temples of learning.

~bout

Even though this change in outlook of the people

the utility of .the university libraries which are

important factors in the country's development of the

cultural, political, social, scientific and technologlcal,

has not helped in return to the university libraries,

although librarie~ have served them. The university libraries

are struggling hard to meet the requirements of the

university community, but its resources are very scarce and

limited to allow them to fulfil their functions and services

in context to the requirements of its clientele.

University libraries in India hav~ achieved more or

less similarities in their attitude. and approaches to the

problems, aims and objectives and uniformity in ltSOrganilation and administration. Besides the.e similarities,

there are inconsistencies and inequalities in the university

libraries or Gujarat in relation to library management,library collection, library finances, library services,

library buildings, staff, and library membership.

In India few studies have been made by eminent

scholars, and library scientist regarding the various aspects

of the university libraries in general. The problems of

university Ilbrarie$ of Gujarat are acute like inadequatefinances, vacant posts, under staff, insufficient reading

material and equipment inefficient

v

library services,

increasing number of students enrolment, lack of proper

physical facilities, require immediate attention and prompt

~ction by the authorities concerned to improve the situation

of university librarie~ of the respective universities.

The whole thesis is divided into eight chapters.

Cbaptar .one is an introduction to the state of Bujarat andit~ important features in relation to higher education. ThiS

chapter deals with the role and functions of the university

library; development of university libraries in modern India

and in Gujarat,present study.

the importance, scope and methodology of the

Chapter two library management deal6 with the issues

of library management, role of Executive Council and the

Library Committee; library personnel,

qualifications,

covered in this chapter. The general accept.d norms and the

position in Gujarat are also di~cussed.Chapter three deals wlth llbrary collection covering

aCqUisltional pr~gramm&, book selection POliCY, books ~nd

perlodical collectlons, non book materlal and its position in

the university libraries in Gujarat.Chapter four discusses library finances in which an

attempt has been made to make comparative position of the~

different university libraries at every stage in relation to

their resources, expenditure, budgeting and budgetary

VI

proportions and standards, accounting and auditing.

Chapter five switches over to library services,

SP lit into two, technical services and reader services.

Technical services diSCU'.5Sf!d aye, c I ass if 1 cat ion,

cataloguing, binding , stock verification, reprography. And

an attempt is made to findout whetheY the traditional readers

services have been provided by the university libraries of

Gujarat to their users like circulation,bibliographical, documentation, and information services.

Chapter six moves on to discussion of library

cooperation. The need for co-operation, interlibrary loan,

r~source sharing, inter-library study facilities, union

cataloguing, 1oca 1 r national and international cooperation,

and their po~ition among the university libraries of the

state is evaluated.

Chapter' seven provides the principles of plannIng,

functional view of library building, modular plannIng,

location of the buildings, space reqUiremEnts and estimation,

and future considsYations. The position of university

libraries in Gujarat is discussed.Chapter eight concludes the whole work and an

attempt has been made to elaborate observations and

suggestions pertaining to university libraries of the state.

UjjainJanuary. 14,1990

~~~'K H SHUKLA

VII

LIST QE TABLES

S,NO. HEADING PAGE NO.

1 Comparative

1 ibraY ians

position

in library

of un i ve r s it y

committees and

56

93

70

89

69

64

65

60

7

academic bodies of the university.

Comparative statement ~, public relations

in universities of Gujarat.Pay scales of library staff

Revised pay scales of librarians in the

universities from 1.1.1986

Comparative position of staff in the

university libraries of GujaratComparative statement of pay scales of library

staff in Gujarat with effect from 1.1.1986Comparative position of books in the

university. libraries in GujaratComparative position of subject-wise currentperiodicals in the university libraries in

Gujarat in 19879 Comparative position of subject-wise percentage 95

of number of periodicals subcribed in university

libraries in Gujarat.10 Allocation to libraries out of university 108

8

b

5

3

4

2

budget

11 Recurring 9yants to university libraries in

Gujarat by the UGC during plan period.111

116

VIII

12 Non- recurring grants to university libraries 114

in Gujarat by the UGC during plan period13 Ad-hoc grants given by the UGC to university

libr&ries in Gujarat14 Library fees colleced by the universities in 122

GuJ_rat

15 FlneK collected by the university libraries in 124

GuJ.rat

16 Financial resources of the M.S.university 127

libr~ry

17 Financial resources of Gujarat University 129lib'yary

19 Financial resources of S.P. University 1 i b r ar y 131

19 F"inancial resources of Saurastra University 132

library

20 Financial yesources of South Gujarat University 1341 ibrary

21 Comparative analysis of total university 136

libr~ries income in Gujar~t

22 Expendlture of the M.S. University library 143

23 Expenditure of the GuJarat University library 147

24 Expenditure of the S.P. University library 150

25 Expenditure of the Saurastra University library 152

26 Expenditure of the South GuJarat University 154

library

27 Expenditure of the Bhavnagar University library 156

28 Over all growth of expenditure of university 160

libraries in GuJarat during plan period.

IX

29 Total recurring expenditure of university 164

libraries in Gujarat30 Percentage of university library expenditure 170

to total university expenditure in Gujarat31 Proportion of university library expenditure 173

to total university expenditure of GuJarat

university, Ahmedabad

37 Total budgetary proportion of recurring items 177

of university libraries of Gujarat during plans33 Comparative statement of the books issued 209

to various category of readers at a time and

fOr how much time

34 Comparative statement of number of books issued 211

by a library in a given year

35 Comparative growth in the number of members in 214

the university libraries in GuJarat

36 Inter library borrowing among university 254

libraires of Gujarat37 Inter librarY lending among university 254

libraries of Gujarat38 Comparative position of stack area and its 306

housing capacity in university libraries of

Gujarat39 Number of reader's seats and area

reading rooms in the university

Gujarat.

in general

libraries of

308

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements

Preface

Maps, Photos, Charts & Tables

CHAPTERS

r Introduction

2 University Library Management

3 University Library Collection

(J. University Library Finances

5 University library Services

6. University Library Co-operation

7 University Library Building

8 Observations and Suggestions

IlPP::NDICI::S

Selected Reading List

Questionnaire

Page(s)

i-iii

iv-ix

x-xiii

1-45

46-118

119-153

154-204

205-. 56

257-307

308-399

400-433

434-1.41

442-452

CHAPTER 1.

INTRODUCTION

1 The state of Gujarat11 Locat ion

12 Population

2 Educational features of the state

21 Universities in Gujarat3 Role of the University Library

31 Functions of University Library

311 Educational and research functions of universitylibrary

4 Development of university libraries in modernIndia

41 Development of university libraries in Gujarat5 Importance of the study

6 Scope of the study

7 . Methodology

1

~TER 1

INTRQDVCTION

1 THE SIAT~ OF GVJABATIn the map of India, Gujarat took its pos.ition on

the 1st May, ~960. Prior to that, it was a part of BOIT,bay

state. Bombay state was bifurcated into Gujarat and

2

Maharastra on the 1st May, 1960. Gujarat has nineteendistricts: Ahmedabad, Amreli, Banaskantha, Baroda, Bharuch,

Bhavnagar, Dangs, Gandhinagar, Jamnagar, Junagarh, Kheda,

Surat,Surendranagar

Kutch, Mehesana, Panchmahal J

and Valsad.

Rajkot,GuJarat

Sabarkantha,

is having

geographically two discinct regions, viz. Saurastra and

Kutch. the principle language of the state is GuJarati.

11 LOCATION

Gujara.t lies in the western part of India. It isbounded by the Arabian sea in the west, towards the north of

Gujarat is Rajasthan, towards east is Madhya Pradesh, and inthe south is Maharastra. Gujarat touches the boundaries ofthese states viz. Maharastra, Madhya pradesh, Rajasthan,andone country viz. Pakistan. It has a territory of 1,96,024 Sq.

Kms. which is about 6 percent of the country's total area.

GUjarat has about 4000 kms. of natural sea-coast of Arabiansea.

12 POPULATION

Gujarat is a balanced populated state. As per 1981census, Gujarat had a popI.-,lat.ion of 3,40,85,,799 as against

India~s total populatiion of 68 crores and 52 lakhs. As

~gainst India~s total area of 32.9 lakh Sq. km., Gujarat has1.96 lakh Sq.km.With about 6 percent of the country~s total

~Yeq, Gujarat supports 5 percent of the country~s totalpopulation. The density of population in Gujarat in 174 perSq.km., as against the density for the whole country of 216

per Sq.Km. There are 942 females per 1000 males in the state,

as against the figures of 935 females per 1000 males in

India. The rural urban ratio in Gujarat is 70130, as againstthe country~s ratio of 76:24 (1).

2 EDUCATIONAL FEATURES QE~ STATEIn the present century, Baroda is the pioneer in the

field of literacy and education, which has adopted compulsory

free primary education long back, before the independence of

India. Gujarat is one of the faster growing states of Indiain the field of education. The government is spending a huge

amount to increase the primary, secondary and collegiate

education in the state. There are ten universities, about

7800 college teachers are working in 300 colleges, and

2,02,660 school teachers in 33,200 schools of the state(2).To promote primary education in the state, te~t books and

uniforms to the children are provided free in the backward

and tribal areas of the state. In the whole state, free mid-

day meals to the students of primary schools are being made

available. To promote higher education among the women, it is

being made free for them. According to 1981 census literacy

in Gujarat is 43.7 percent as against 36.2 percent for thewhole country (3).

3

21 UNIVERSITIES ~ auJABAT

There are in all ten universities in Gujarat. Theseuniversities were est~blished under different acts as

mentioned below:

1 The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Act1949 (No.VII of 1949).

2 The Gujarat university, Act 1950, (No. L of 1949).

3 The Sardar Patel university, Act 1955 (No.XL of1955).

4 The Gujarat Aruveda university, Act 1966 (No. VIIIof 1966)

5 The Saurastra University, Act 1967 (No. XXXIX of 1961)6 The South Gujarat University, Act 1967 (No. XXXIX of

1967)7 The Gujarat Agricultural University, Act 1972 (No.

XXIII of 1972).8 The Bhavnagar University, Act 1978 (No. XVII of

1978)9 The North Gujarat University, Act 1986 (No. XXXI of

1986).10 The Gujarat Vidyapith (Deemed as University) (Which

was established in 1920, but given a d ignation ofdeemed as university by Government of India,Ministry of Education, notification No.F.10-20/62-U2, dated 16th July, 1963, under section 3 of theUniversity Grants Commission, Act., 1956. (3 of 1956).

The headquarters and territorial jurisdicationdifferent universities in Gujrat is as

of theunder:-

5

NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY HEAD-QUARTER

TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION(Revenue Districts)

1

2

3

The Maharaja SayajiraoUniversity of Baroda

Th~ Gujarat University

The Sardar PatelUniveYsity

Baroda

Ahmedabad

Vallabh-Vidyanagay

Baroda cityonly

Baroda,Panchmahal,Kheda, Ahmedabad,Gandhinagar, Kutch

Vallabh-Vidyanagarcity only

4 The Gujarat AyurvedaUniveYsity

5 The SaurastraUn i ve r sit v

6 The South GujaYatUniversity

7 The GujaratAgriculturalUniveYsity

Jamnagay

Rajkot

Surat

Dantiwada

All colleges orother eductionalinstitutions inGujaYat impartingt ns t r uc t ionexclusively inAyurveda

Rajkot,Surendranagar,Jamnagar,Junagadh,A'mrel i

Bhar uch , Sura t ,Val.ad, Dangs

All colleges orother educationalinstitutions inGujarat impaytinginstructionexclusively inagricultuYe andallied sciences

8 The Bhavnagay BhavnagayUniveysity

9 The North Gujarat PatanUniversity

10 The GujaYat AhmedabadVidhyapith

Maheshana,Sabar-kantha,Banaskantha

Ahmedabad city andother educationalinstitutions inGuJarat impartinginstyuction on theline of Gandhianthought

3UR%SD%CTION OF UNIVERSITIES IN GU3ARAT

THE M.s.UNIVERSITY OF BARODA

GUJARAT UNIVERSIty

SARDAR PAra. UNIVERSITY[:] GWARAT AYURVEDA .IVERSITY

SAUBASHTRA lBfIVERSITY SOUTH GUJARAT UNIVEHSI'IY

GU1ARAT AGBlCULTURAL\llIVERSITY

II BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSIN

.. GWARAT VIDYAPITH

~- ".

-,, l

~

3~ QE.. UNIVERSITy LIBRARYWe live in a world in which increasing specialization

is esential. Library could be ~ principal operator in

promoting inter communication amoung the specialists. In this

democr~tic age all .the people need ~ steady and balanced

supply of reading material for their advancement of

knowledge. University library has to satisfy the needs of the

graduates, post-graduates and must also meet the requirements

of the research scholars, and the much more comple~ and

exacting demands of the mature scholars.

University library is an integral part of an

institution of higher education. Thomas Carlyle has rightly

stated that, "the true university of' these days is collection

of books"(4). University is an institution where teaching andresearch are conducted in more than one discipline of

universe of knowledge, and which has authority to award

degrres, diplomas and certificates in their respective

subjects. StUdents, research scholars and teachers are usinglibrary for their advancement of' knowledge in their subjcetof interest. It is also true that, in the academic sense no

effective work can be developed without a strong library as

its heart. S.R. Dongerkery, emphasising the importance of

library in an academic institutuion in his own words, writes

A well stocked and up-todate library is a sine-qua-non for

every modern university. It is the centr~l workship of the

university which provides the students, the teachers, the

scholars and the research worker with the tools required for

\he advancement as well as the acquisition of knowledge" (5).

1

The pl~ce of library in the university is partly

8

academic and partly non-academic. Rich collection of books

attracts good faculty members, and a good faculty in turn

attracts good students. Thus the reputation of a university

~lways depends in academic sense on its collection of books.

Library~s role in education is not confined to

e l erne n t r v and secondary education only. Rather, it is much

more ilTlPort~nt in higher education. It would not be an

eAaggeration if it is said that a library is an essential

pre-requisite for successful implementation of higher

education programmes in knowledge. Without the help and co-

operation of a library no formal educational programme can

fruetify. In order to achieve the aims of a university, it

has to take help of its library.

in India commission commission has

amph~si$ed the importanca of libraries in higher education.

The Calcutt~ University Commission (1917-1919) recommended

that, it is right and proper that the universities should

provlde great libraries and great laboratories of research

with great scholars to direct them. It further recommended

tr~t, the university librarion ought to be functionary of

great i meor t a nc e , ranking with university profes'5ors, and

h.ving a place in the supreme academic body of the

university~ In this respect, the Radhkrishnan University

Education Comm i s e r on (1948-49), observed that the library isthe heart of all the university~s workJ directly so as

regards in research work, and indirectly as regards its

educational work which derives its li'e 'rom research.

Scianti'ic research requires a library as well as

its laboratories, while 'or humanistic and social sciences

research the library is both, library and laboratory. The

Kothari Education Commission (1964-65) was found very muchconscientious about the importance of a library in an

educational institution stating that, "nothing could be more

damaging to growing department than to neglect its library or

give to it a low priority. On the contrary, the library

should be an important centre of attraction on the college

and university campus "(6). From the above experts opinion

there is no doubt about the importance of library in the

educational institutions. In almost the same manner

University Grants Committee of the U.K.(1921) observed that,the character and efficiency of a university may be gauged by

its t r e a t men t of its central organ, the library. It regards

the fullest provision 'or library maintenance as the

primary and most vital need in the equipment of a

un i ve r sit y (7) "University library directs ils artivities

towards the fulfilment of the university, which are as

follows: conservation of knowledge and ideas, teaching

research, publication, extension and service, and

interpretation of research. The library exists not merely to

help instructional function at the university, it does also a

good deal in aid of research, which is another major function

9

to

of the university. The library therefore performs a variety

of functins, by way of helping students with text books,

reference books and periodicals, by providing a large number

of bibliographical tools and up-to-date literature on every

subject for students, teachers and research workkers, as wellas by maintaining an efficient reference and information

service"(8). The university library seyves a5 an importantlink in the chain between reseaych and practice. It acts as

the centre of all academic activities of the university. It

remains more than a library, a laboratory;and a workshop.

31 FUNCTIONS QE. UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

Keeping in view the objectives of universityeducation, the Kothari Education Commission (1964-65) reportdefines the functions of university libraries,as under I

"(a) provide resources necessary for research in fieldsof special interest to university,

(b) aid the university teacher in keeping abYeast ofdevelopments in his field,

(c) provide library facilities and services secondary for

scuccess of all formal programmes of instructionJ

(d) open the door to the wide field of books that liebeyond the borders of one~s own field of specialization;

and

(e) to bring books, students and scholars together underconditions which encourage reading for pleasure,

self discovery, personal growth and sharpening of

intellectual cUl'iosity"(9).

1 1

Univel'sity libyayy seyves as an valuable aid in the

consel'vation of knowledge and ideas, if it is well organised

and properly administeyed by acquiring and processing reading

materials for their clientle. It also serves as an active

force in the teaching and yesearch progyammes by diYect

~ssistance to the teacheys, yeseaych scholays and students.

The univeysity libl'aYy is one of the best agnecy foy

collecting and organising knowledge foy effective use, and

foy pyoviding the services and physical facilities \0

anc cur age it. The libyayy exists not merely to assist \he

instyuctional fuctions of the univeysity,

aid in yeseaych, which is anotheY majorit also helps as

function of the

university. Thus, university library peyfoyms a vayiety pf

functions, by way of helping students in theiy education with

text books, yeference books and periodials and so on. It also

helps teachers and yesearch scholays by pYoviding a large

numbey of bibliographical tools, and up-to date literature on

~YeY y sub Jec to

311 TEACHING AND RESEARCH FVNCTIONS QE VNIVERSITY LIBRARY

Teaching, yeseaych and extension seyvice aye the

thl'ee majoy aims of a modeyn univeYsity. No university can,however, develop or set high standayds of intellectual life

in scholal'ship and scientific yesearch without having at its

centl'e a well stocked, well staffed, and up to date library.

Library is the heart of the university is certainly more true

today than in the earlier days. Without the heart functioning

the body can not live, without a dynamic library any academic

work in the university comes to a standstill.

Library is usually considered to be one of the

foc~l points of teaching and research. Laboratory is no

12

doubt important for the exprimental sciences, but library is

f~st becoming the laboratory for the humanities.

merely to

variety of

rese~rch,

The role of the library in the university is not

provide stimulus to reading which is done in ~

ways by p~oviding materials for te~hing and

by introducing various facilities for their

clientle in a systematic way. To make the library a paradise

for rese~rchers there mu~t be liberal provi.10n of books of

all categories and adequate funds for the maintainance of

stock. Increasing emphasis is to be placed on the acquisition

of periodicals. A good library requires UP to date collection

of books and periodicals, which can meet not only the

riquirements of today but also of tomorrow.

The university library should make available the

bibliographical apparatus, books, periodical6, news papers,

manuscripts, films and other materials important to research

programme. The library being the largest resevoir of

knowledge, is vit~l to any kind of research in any field. The

quantitative and qualitative growth of literature has

necesbsitated the preparation and availability of various

varieties of tools like indexes, abstracts,bibliographies,

documentation list$ etc. by the library. In the absence of

such library tools, the researcher is sure to waste his or

her precious time in finding out the relevant literature. It

is the university library, which can save the time and energy

or the researcher by making available right type of

literature and information through various library tools at

the right time.The university library can provide effective

service by keeping a list of all the research projects, thatare under taken in the different departments of the

university. Thus, the university library facilitates research

. by locating, retrieving and disseminating information to the

researchers working in the different departments of the

university.

The teaching and research function of a

university library as contrasted with library house-keeping

function results in the maximum attainment of educational

objectives of the university. Wilson and Tauber define andd~stinguish between these two functions as, "By house-keeping

level is meant the employment of administrative procedure by

which a minimum of service is provided for the various groups

which comprise the university---Administering the library at

a teaching and research level means exactly the opposite of

this. Such administration is based upon two assumptions:

(a) that learning is promoted by means of variousmethods, including library use as well as the

lecture, the discussion group, the laboratory

13

I 4

exercise and the field trip, and

(b) that the library may be administered in such a way

that it may make a ma~imum contribution to th.

leaY"ning process" (10).

Administering the libY"aY"Y at a teaching and

research level involves the recognition of the idea that the

library must play a positive role Y"ather than a merely

passive one in university education. It can be possible only

through some library programmes like

(a) initiation

library

way of

of fresh clientele regarding library,

holdings, and library services by

orientation programmes;

(b) encouraging the reading habits among the studentsby various progyammes and practises;

(c) assisting and guiding the Y"eseaY"cher. in the ways ofinvestigation and research activities; and

(d) providing assistance to the faculty members in their

day to day assignment of teaching and research work.

It is true that, the well-equipped and well

organised library is the mile stone of modern educational

structure. The necessity of libraY"Y in education can be

recognised properly and precisely only if we try to under

stand the changing concepts of education of this day.

Eduction bereft of library Yvice is like a body without

soul, a

collection

vchicle without its engine,

of bricks without cement.

and edifice merely a

Educatin and library

J 5

services are twin sisters and one can not live apart from the

other.

4 DEyELOPMENT QE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN MODERN INDIA

India, with a hoary past, has had the privilege

of having famous seats of learning viz., Taxila and Nalanda-

the monastery universities, which had rich libraries of that

time. However, the first universities in modern sense were

established in 1857, i.e. after a long time of several

centuries. On the recommendations of the Woods Educaion

Commission, three modern universities came into existence in

the presidency cities of Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, on the

model of London University, in 1857. But their libraries saw

the light of the day much latter i.e. Bombay in 1864,

Calcutta in 1873, and Madras in 1917. Today there are more

than 150 universities and about 15 institutions deemed as

universities. Almost all universities have their libraries

(with few exceptions), the richness of which depends on the~ge of the university, relative importance and financial

resources of the university.

Prior to establishment of the uec (1956) nosystematic study was made at the national level to findout

whether the university libraries were functioning to fulfil

the aims and objectives of university education in thecountry. A few remarkable attempts made by the Gqvernment of

India were the Indian Universities Commission (1902) which ispopularly known as Hunter Edcuation Commission, the Indian

Universities Act (1904)~ Government of India Resolution on

Educatinal Policy (1913), Education Commission ofRadhakrishnan

Patel University in 1955 at Vallabhvidyanagar; The GujaratAyurveda University in 1966 at JamnagarJ the Saurastra

University in 1967 at Rajkot; the South GuJarat University in1967 at SuratJ and the Gujarat Agricultural university in1972 at Dantiwada. The Saurastra University~s Jurisdiction

was bifurcated a9ain in 1978 with the establishment of

Bhavnagar University. Similarly remaining Jurisdiction of

Gujarat university was bifurcated with the establishment ofthe North Gujarat University in 1986 at Patan.

In the year 1920 Gandhijee established Gujar.t Vidyapith atAhmedabad during the freedom movement to provide education to

the people of the country in their own language. Government

of India, Ministry of Education has designated it as deemed

university in 1963.

Thus, the development of the universities in GuJarat

can be divided in to three ph.ses, one preindependence, two

post-independence period under Bombay state, and three after

the emergence of GuJarat as a state i.e. 1960. During pre-

independence periond, onlY.Gujarat Vidyapith was establishedin 1920 but not given any status by the Government. In the

first phase of the development, du.ring post independence

period, only three universities came into existence viz. The

M.S.university of Baroda, GuJarat university, and the

S.p'.university. Just after the bifurcation of Bombay state,

GuJarat had another six universities in the state. In all

GuJarat is having nine universities and one deemed as

university at present, to meet the requirements of higher

J 7

t 8

education in the state.

5 1t'FORTANCE QE. THE STUDYA university library is known as the heart of the

university. University library must be geared to present and

future requirements of the modern society, students,

scholars and teachers.

research

The present study aims at lTIaklng a comparative study

ufthe un i ve r s i t v li.b,-arle!,. i.n GUJaraL The Gu Lar a t stat-e is

"h-!W'ing ten un i ve r a i t i e e , but t h e i r library seyvices are not

wll-planned and well-oyganised. The problems faced by the

un i ve r s).t.y l r o r ar i a ns o f t h c state wlll be pointed out andsuggestions tT.ade for t h e i r improvement. These should prove

useful to achiEve an overall improvement in the univeysity

library services in Gujarat. It will be also usful to the~tudents of library and information science, library peY6onnel,

Llbrary and unlversity authorlties.

6 SCOPE OF THE STUpY

In all there are ten universities in Gujarat. Out ofthese, two universities are of specialized nature. Their

collect i ona , services, clientle, requirements are of a

special type. They do not fall in the general universities

category. They are, Gujarat Ayurveda university,Jamnagar, andGujarat Ag ric u 1 t ur a 1 university, Dantiwada. Similarly,GUJarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad is deemed as university, Clnd

imparting education in Humanities and in some subjects of

19

social sciences. Over and above the Gujarat Vidyapith library

acts as the state central library and also is working as a

public library. The North Gujarat university was establishedin 1986 which does not have its central library. Hence the

remaining six university libraries are covered in this

thesis. The organizational, administrative, financial and

service aspects of the university libraries, building,

collection, types of readers, library co-operation etc are

studied in detail. Special attention will be given to

'3cquisition of periodicals, staffing, l I b r ar v finance etc.

7 METHODOLOGY

The present study will be based on theoretical as

well as empiyical data. Theoretical frame work will be

prepared on the basis of published and unpublished sources.

the exisiting sitution of university libraries is assessed on

the basis of the primayy and secondary data collected.

Foy the collection of data,

used. viz.

followin9 methods were

data

(1) QuestionnaiYes were circulated to each university

libyayian foy gettin9 the exact primayy

regayding the payticular univeysity library.

(2) Secondary data was collected from the university

budgets and university library reports for the

20

different ye-Jrs.

(3) Primary data was collected directly from the users

reg-Jrding the adequ-Jcy and efficiency of the library

services, and their expectations. The coverage of

the redel's is based on random sampling method.

The whole study has been divided into eight

chapters, they being, In trod uc t ion, Library management,

Library Collections, Library finances, Library services,

Library co-operatiQn,

suggestions.

REFERENCES

Library building, and Observations and

1. GUJARAT. Statistical mapGandhinagar, Government Press,

of GuJe r a t ,1986. p 16.

2. GUJARAT, EDUCATION (DepartmentStatistical handbook. Gandhin~ga(,higher education, ~985. p 9.

of-).DiY-ector of

3. INDIA, Census of Lnd ie , 1981 (Gujarat). NewDelhi, Government of India, 1983. p 4.

4. WILSON (Logan). Libraries' roles in Americanhigher education. In: Buc~~ ThQma?j, ~University and rese4rch ~j1u~yies in Japan andUnited States. Chicago, ALA, 1972. p 15.

~. DESHPANDE (KS). UniversityIndia. New Delhi, Sterlin~,

1 i b I' a r y s ns t e ITI11:'U5. p 9.

in

,6. DESHPANDE (KS). Ope c'it. (,5). p 12.

1. WILSON (Logan). op.cH (4). p 18.

8. MUKHERJEE (AK). Llbrarianship it9 philosophy andhistory. Bombay, Asi~, 196t,. p 43.

9. INDIA. EDUCATION (Commission on-) (1964 - 65) (Chairman:o S Kothari). Educational planning and thenational policy. Delhi, NCERT, 1971. p 288.

21

10. WILSON (LR) and TAUBER (MF).Library. 2nd ed. New York,Press, 1956. p 148.

The UniversityColumbia University

CHAPTER ~.

'= I BRABv t1ANAGEMENI

1 Introduction

2 University library management in India.

21 University library management in GuJarat

211 Executive Council

212 Library Committee

22

2121 Composition of library c ornm i t t e e

21211 Position in Guj~rat

2122 Functions of library committee

21221 Position in GuJarat

2123 Librarian's roll in the library committee

22 Administrative organisation

221 Library Personnel

2211 Staff manual

2212 University librarian

22121 Duties of the university librarian

22122 Qualities and qualifications of the university1 ibrar ian

22123 Status of university librarian

22124 Position in GuJarat

23 Faculty relationship

231 Position in GuJ~rat

24 Pay scales of the library staff

241 Library staff in GuJarat

242 Pay scales of library staff in GuJarat

243 Anomalies in the pay scale~

CHAPTER ~

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT

1 iNTRODUCTION

23

Any institution has a set of goals to achieve. And

for the achievement of these goals an appropriate organisa

tlonal structure is framed, an administrative setup is

created, and management authority is appointed. As far as the

principles of organisation and adrrdnistration of a university

library are concerned, these are almost the same which apply

ln other spheres of our lives. It is quite obvious that they

will differ in their degree of detail or they may be given a

speclal twist here and there in order to suit their own

~onditions and institutions. There is no limit to the number

uf administrative principles, since any rule or d~vice

strengthening the human part of the organisation takes its

place among the principles only so long as it is worthy of

this position.

Tne library is a living organism and it has been

defined as a trinity of books, readers and staff brought into

a meaningful and integrated relationship. In order to cope

with this living organism the administrative organisation

pittern will have to be dynamic. It must be flexible enou9h

to change and would itself grow 4ccording to the changing

needs of the institution, and it should always be future

oriented.

Wiason and Tauber (1) have e~umerated and discussed

the following principles in relation to the administration or

unlversity library :1. Divis}on of labour, 2. Authority andresponsibility, 3.Discipline, 4.Unity of command, 5. Unity of

management, 6. Subordination of individual interests to the

common good, 7. Centralization, 8. Hierarchy, 9. Span of

control, 10. departlTlentation, 11. Line and staff, 12. Order,

13. Equity, 14. St-.sbil1ty of' staff, 15. Initiative, and lb.

Esprit de corps.

2 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MANAGEMENT !.t! INDIA

24

The university is a temple of learning. It stands

for a community of ideas, a free exchange of thoughts, and it

is also a forum for liberty of mind. The univer~ity is

instrumental in challenging those traditions, norms,

institutions etc. which are keeping the spirit of men in

bondage. University library is the heart of the university,

which is primarily concerned with the conserv~tion ~nd

25

dis$emination of knowledge to its users. It is the library

which can play an important role in serving the nation by

providing a con~tant flow of information. For the functional

management of the university library, university authority

should clearly define the university library management and

i t s policy.

acts etc. ,

It may be in the form of

the main idea being

library development and

statutes, ordinances,

the promulgation and

use. Whether it may be

'_.:11011 or large, the university library needs to be properly

organised and successfully administered.

administering the university library,

~dministration should be applied.

In

the

planning

principles

and

of

"The internal governmental policy of the university

librarian to the

lIbrary generally:

(a) defines the relations of theadministration;

(b) clarifies what should constitute the libraryresources of the university, which ~re generally

under the administration of the libraries;

(c) set forth the duties of the librarian;

26

(d) provides for a library committee,council or board

to assist the librarianJ and

to

ofunitseducationaland

defines the relationship of the library staff(e)

the dministrative

the lib r a r y " ( 2 ) .

As a result of the Radhakrishnan Commission (1948),the Government of India established the UGC in 1956. Soon

after the establishment of the uec, a Library Committee was

appointed under the chairmanship of Dr.S.R.Ran9anathan in

1957, to investigate and probe into the working of university

and college libraries, and develop certain norms for their

proper management and administration. However, this committee

has not made any recommendations for the administrative

structure of university libraries, though the committee had

gone in detail with book selection, financial management,

departmentalisation, library personnel, services and other

related issues. Although the uee library committee has given

weightage in its recommendation on deparmentalisation and the

staffing pattet"n, it fails to provide any specific

recommendations for administrative structure of the universiy

l t b r ar t e s ,

pertaining

Due

to

to absence of specific

the internal management

recommendations

of university

libraries, e~ch university library follows its own patterns,

which naturally vary from library to library.

21 UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MANAGEnENT ~ GVJABAT

In Gu Ler a t , if the university library

management is sought, recourse must be had to the laws of the

state concerning the institutions which the library serve.

Although variation in university pattern is to be expected,

the universities in Gujarat are organised as teaching andaffiliating ones. The M.S.University of Baroda, which imparts

teaching at under graduate, and post graduate .level, is a

residential university. In all other universities of Gujarat,post gradu~te teaching is the principal domain of the

university departments (though the same is done in somecolleges also). The affiliated colleges control maJority ofundergraduate teaching. Admission to research work is

rontrolled by the universities. Each university of Gujarat isgoverned by its individual act.

211 EXECUTIVE CoYNCILExecutive Council is the apex body in the university

administration, which helps in taking policy decisions of the

university on every issue pertaining to any component of the

27

university.

formation

In

of

GuJarat it is also named as

the executive council is

syndicate.

dlfferent

The

from

university- to university, although their functions and

duties are almost similar to each other.

212 LIBRARY ~IrTE~The university library is normally governed by a

library committee. The function of the library committee

basically is the guardianship of the library, to see that it

is well maintained, to frame rules for its use, to guide and

promote its further development, and to recommend and secure

the necessary finances.

28

If the librarian has shown himself to be a

adm i n i a t r e t or", the library committee's role will

capable

be on

adVIsory, supporting, and endorsing, rather than an executive

one: enabling the librarian to elaborate his plans in the

light of detailed criticism, and in enlisting on behalf of

the library a body of enlightened opinion within the

university.

librarian and to advise

Library

responsibilities

committee

of the

iii supposed to share the

the

librarian in policy making regarding the library. University

librarian has the executive responsibility for the day to day

f"andgement of the 1 i br ar v pr ob lems.

Library committee is generally responsible to a

higher body, usually the executive council of the university.

Business of the library committee varies from library to

library. Some matters are common to all. One is the annual

report of

budget.

the library. Another standard item is library

In India, the tiNt library comrrJittee came into

existence on the 1st March 1873, when the syndicate of the

Calcutta University appointed a committee to prepare a list

of books for purchase(3). Since then the library committeehas come to stay in Indian universities. It is also known as

library advisory committee, libr.ry management committee or

library Board.

2121 COMPOSITION QE LIBRARY CQMMIT~As far ~s possible library committee must neces~arily

29

be limited in its size, if it is to be workable. Membership

of the library committee usually reflects the faculty of the

university, students representation. The academic staff

members of the committe.e should certainly include

sprinkling of the more high powered university figures-deans

and senior professorsl, the vice-chancellor, the Pro- vice-

chancellor is commonly an ex-officio member. The obvious

advantage of having such members is that the library thereby

el,lists some influential voice in promoting its aims. The

total size of the committee tends to be of 10 to 12 members.

The urliversity librarian norm_lly acts as secretary to the

library committee, and brings his deputy,

librarian, to its meetings w~th him, and the vice-chancellor

acts as the chairman of the library committee.

The deputy librarian or assistant librarian, however,

has a specific and valuable role to play. First of all, he

usually acts as minutes-taker, because the librarian is too

~ctively involved in the committep-/s discussions to be able

at the some time to record its deliberations.

In India, the concept of the university

committee is more than one century old. We do not have any

standard practice r.g~rding tha composition of the library

committee in our universities. Surprisingly the UGC library

cOmmittee (1957) does not give any recommendations regarding

university library committee's composition. U.K. UGC (1967)

report ~tated, " the university library committee is most

commonly a senate committee, although in a few universities

composed largely of representatives of the faculties

often appointed by them), with ex-officio membership of

vice-chancellor, his deputy and some other officer of.

it is a joint committee of senate or council. It may be(and

the

the

university, the treasurer, bursar, secretary or registrar -

who may be invited to attend only. The vice-chancellor is

usually the chairman and the librarian or the registrar is

the secretary of the committee"(4).

2121 t POSITION m GUJARATThere is no specific rule regarding the composition

()f the library committee in the universities of GuJarat.\ The

library committee's composition in each university is

different and it is given in the hand book of each university.

In the M.S.University of Borada, the libr4ry

committee consist~ of :

(i) The vice chancellor (chairman, ex-officio);(ii) The Pro-vice chancellor;(iii) not more than 20 members appointed by the syndicate, 6

of them being members of the council of post-graduate

studies and research'

(iv) university librarian shall be secretary of the

commi t teel! (5).

The composition of the library committe in GujaratUniversity, Ahmedabad is as follows 1

31

(i)

(ii)

( i i )(iv)(v)

(vi)

The vice-chancellor, (chairman, ex-officio);The pro-vice-chancellorJ

Deans of faculties;

Heads of the univesity schools,

The univer$lty librarian, andThree members to be nominated by the executive

council"(6).

(v)

nii>

(iv)

Composition of library committee in the

Sardar Patel University, Vallabhvidyanagar, is as under I

(1) The vice-chancellor, (chairman, ex-officio),( i i) Heads of. the un i vers it y post -gradua t E!

departmentti'

two for basic sciences,

two from languages, and

two from social sciences,

two principals of degree colleges,

Such other persons not exceeding thr to be

nominated by the syndicate, and

the librarian (secretary)"(7).

In the Saurastra university, Rajkot, universitylibrary committee consists of I

(i) the vice-chancellor (chairman, ex-officio);(ii) the pro-vice chancellor,

(iii> the deans of faculties;

(iv) the heads of university departments, and(v) three other members nominated by the

syndicate, one of whom shall be a teacher

recognised for guiding Ph.D. students" (8).

In the South Gujarat university, Surat, the librarycommittee shall consists a'.

(i) the vice-chancel loY (chairman, ex-officio),

(v)

( iii )(tv)

the heads of the university department;

One principal of the degree college nominated

by the executive councilJ

Four other members, to be nominated by the

executive council, one of whom shall be a

teacher recognised for guiding Ph.D.

students, and one teacher of degree college

who is a member of the University court, and

(vi) the registrar "(10).The chairman of library committee in all the

universities of Gujatat is the vice-chancellor. Deans of thefaculties and the heads of the university post-graduate

departments are also members. In S.P.university two

principals of degree colle~e are nominated. Teachers

recognised for guiding Ph.D. students are given place in all

the university library committee. It is a common feature in

all university library committee in GuJarat to nominate

members by the executive councilor syndicate. Only in

Bhavnagar University the Registrar is the member of library

committee. In the same way, only in South Bujarat university,Surat, student repr entative is incorporated. i.e. one

research scholar is nominated by the vice-chancellor.

Saurastra University, Rajkot, and Bhavnagar university,Bhavnagar, however, do not give any place to its university

librarian in the library committee. In the rest of the

universities of the state univer5ity librarian is the ex-

officio secretary of the library committee.

Looking at the above situation of the composition

33

of library committee in the state, there seems to be an

ur gen t need

standardize

of the steps being taken in this direction

the composition and earmark the powers

to

and

functions of university library committees in Gujarat.

2122 FUNCTI PNS OF THE LIBRARY COM" I TTEE

The library committee can be an immensely useful

group in advisory capacity. The library will do well to

measure faculty views on a myriad of library problems before

taking steps that may arouse strong criticism of the library.

University library committees in India, mostly, are concerned

with the book selection work, allocation of book funds to

various subjects, framing and amending of library rules,evaluating and appraisal of library services, and giving

suggestions for the improvement of library services. The

services of library committee are desirable in fulfilling the

responsibilities involved in the administration of a big

university library.

The functions of the library committee may be

summarized as follows,

(i> Establishment of major operational policies suchas circulation rules, regulation.. for use -of

out siders, access to and publishing of

manuscripts, and book collection,

Support for the total library budget, often

particular advice on the allocation of the

budget;

with

book

(iii) advice on an extraordinary purchase of a book-collection as acceptance of a major collection;and

(iv) council to the library administration.Wilison and Tauber(ll) have enumerated following

functions of the library committee, which are not at all

comparable with the functions of university library commlttee

1n India.

(a) Formulating a library policy in relation to thedevelopment of users for institution and

research,

(b) advising the allocation of book funds to thelibrary and the various departments and school~;

(c) advising on the policy of reproducing unique

materials;

(d) collaborating on decisions regarding theallocation of library space needed by department

of instruction; and

(e) developing a general programme of library servicefor all the interests of the univer5ity".

In the Carl M.White Survey Report of the Delhi

University library (12), powers and duties of the library

committee are listed as:

(a) General management of the library,

(b) preparation of the library budget for the

approval of higher authorities,

(c) reporting annually on the work of the library;

35

(d) preparation for the Academic council ofrecommendations on how the use of the library is

to be regulated; and

(e) advising the executive council on all library

staff appointments and promotions. II

In India, the UGC committee has not SU9gested any

functions of the university library committee, with the

result, no uniform functions of the university library

committees in India are found. This has created problems in

university library administration in India.

21221 POSITIOtj lli SUJAMIIn the absence of uniform functions of the

university library committee in India, similar situation is

found in Gujarat.In the hand book of the M.S. University of Baroda,

the library committee shall have the following powers and

responsibilities vide ordinance 39 of the university (13);

"(1) The library committee shall, subject to thecontrol of the syndicate, act as general policy

making body for the library services of the

university.It shall advise the syndicate on any

matter connected with the library service. In

particular and without prejudice to the generalityof the foregoing power, the committee shall

make recommendations to the syndicate regarding:

(a) the needs of adequate library service in the

university including funds, books, staff,

etc;

(b) the allocation of funds for various subjectsor purposes;

(c) writing off the unservicable books as loss

of books.

(ii) the university librarian shall be incharge ofthe administration of library service according

to the policy laid down by the authorities and

advise the library committee in all matters

pertaining to the library rvice,

(iii) the library committee shall have the power tomake rules governing the use of the library from

time to time and to amend them. Such rules and

any changes made there in shall be reported to

the syndicate,

(iv) the university librarian shall make arrangements

to take stock of books and period~cals every

three years, and maintain UP to date the

catal09ue of books and periodicals

in the library.He shall report to the library

committee in the matter. The library

committee shall take whatever action they

deem fit on the report."

The functions 0' the university library committee ofGujarat university, Ahmedabad are as under, (14):

"(i) the library committee, shall subject to the

37

control of the Executive council, manage the

library and advise the executive council on

any matter connected with the library referred

to it by the executive council. In particular

and without prejudice to the generality of theforegoing power, the committee shall have power

to make recommendation to the executive council,

(a) as to the administration of the funds setapart for the library;

(b) as to the appointment of the staff of thel.ibrary including the librarian; and

(c) other matter connected with the library.

(ii) the committee shall report to the executivecouncil for information, the purchase of books and

disposal of such books a9 in the opinion of

the committee, are either worthless, unserviceable

or otherwise useless. For the purpose

of this ordinance books shall include manuscripts

and periodicalsJ

(iii)thelibrary committee shall have the powers to makerules governing the use of the library from time

to time, and to amend them. Such rules, and any

changes made therein, shall be reported to the

executive council".

The functions of the library committee of the

Sardar Patel University are as under I

38

.. ( i ) The librarycontrol of

committee shall, subjectthe syndicate manage the

to the

library,

advise the syndicate on any matter connected

39

with the library or referred to it by the

syndicate. In particular and without prejudice tothe generality of the foregoing power the

committee shall have power to make recommendations

to the syndicate.

(a) as to the administration of the funds setapart for the library; and

(b) other matters connected with the library.(it) the committee shall report to the syndicate for

information of purchase of books and disposal of

such books as in the opinion of the committee are

either worthless, unserviceable, or otherwise

useless. For the purpose of this ordinance, books

shall include manuscripts and periodicals,

(iii) the library committee shall have power to makerules governing the use of the library from time

to time and to .amend them Such rules and any

change made therein, shall be reported to the

syndicate.

(a) regarding the administration of the fund setapart for the library,

(b) regarding the requirement of the staff of thelibrary, and

(c) regarding other matters connected with thelibrary,

(2) The committee shall report to the syndicate, forinformation, the purchase of books and disposal

of such books as in the opinion of the committee

are either worthless, unserviceable, or otherwise

useless.For the purposes of ordiance,books shall

include manuscripts and periodicals,

(3) The committee shall have the power to make rulesgoverning the use of library from time to time and

to amend them. Such rules, and any amendments made

therein, shall be reported to the syndicate,

(4) the committee shall have the power to write off

books lost during any year of the value not

exceeding Rs.tODO/-after holding necessary inquiry

and shall report the matter to the syndicate~.

The functions of the university library committee of

South GuJarat university,Surat, are under I

(1) The library committee shall, subject to the controlof the syndicate, manage th. library and advise

the syndicate on any matter connected with the

library, re'erred to fit by the syndicate. In

particular and without prejudice to the generality

40

of the foregoing power, the committee shall have

power to make recommendations to the syndicate

aboutJ

tal any matter connected with the library

(b) the administration of the funds t apart for

the library,

(2) the committee shall report to the syndicate, forinformation, on the purchase of books and disposal

of such books as in the opinion of the committee,

the purposes of the ordinance, books shall

include manuscripts and periodicals,

(3) the committe. shall have the power to make rulesgoverning ,the use of the library from time to time

and to amend them.Such rules, and any amendments

made therein,&hall be reported to the syndicate"

(17).The Bhavnagar university library committee functions

and powers are as undera

(i) to make recommendation to the executive council,(a) regarding the administration of the funds set

apart for the librarYJ

(b) regardig the requirement of the staf' of thelibrary;

(c) regarding other matters connected with the

librariv.

(ii) the committee shall report to the executive

council, the purchase of books and disposal of

41

such books as in opinion of the commitee,

are either worthless, unserviceable or otherwise

useless. For the purposes of the ordinance

books shall include manuscripts and periodicals.

(iii) the committee shall have the power to make

rules governing the use of the library from

time to time to amend them. Such rules, and any

amendments made therein, shall be reported to

the executive council.

(iv) the committee shall have the power to writeoff books lost during any year, of the value

not excdin9 Rs.l000/-after holdin9 necessary

inquiry and shall report the matter to the

executive council~(18).

It is common in all the universities of the state,

that their library committees are subject to the control ofthe sYndicate or executive council of the university, and act

as a policy making body for governing the library and .its

services. It is also common feature that the libra~y

committee advises the syndicate or executive council

pertaining to any busines5 re9arding library, it has also the

power to allocate the funds for the purchase of readin9

materials. Writing off the unserviceable books or loss of the

books or the Peru of the library committee in all the

universities of the state, although some minor changes are

there. The library committees are empowered to make rules and

a~end them from time to time to govern library services, such

42

changes shall be reported to the higher body of the

43

universities.

Only the M.S.university of Baroda has fixed the

responsibilities of the university librari~n to take stock of

reading materials at every three year., and maintain up to

date catalogue of readinq material in the libraries and he

shall have to report to the committee in this matter. The

library committee shall take whateVEr action they deem fit on

the report.

In Gujarat university, the library committee shall havepower to make re~ommendation to the executive council in the

appointment of the library staff including the librarian,

where as in the Saurastra university and Bhavnagar university

powers are delegated to the library committee to make

recommendation to the syndicate in the requirements or the

staff of the library. Other universities have not made any

provision in this regard.

In all other business matters, like purchase of books,

~110cation of funds, maintaining accounts, reporting etc.

provisions are almost the same in all the universities of

Gujarat.

2123 LIBRARIAN'S~ ~~ LIBRARY COMMITTEELibrarian is the administrator of the university library

and he generally acts as the secretary of the library

committee. He is the expert of the library business in the

library committee. He (librarian) must have the Knowledgeabout what business he has to bring in the library committee

which is most important, he has to act in such a way, that he

will be able to win the confidence of the chairman and the

members of the library committee. In the immediate

circumstances any of his decision should be informed to the

chairman of the library committee soon, to make realize the

library committee that the decision taken by him was honest,

and in the interest of the library and its services which

helps him getting confidence of the committee in hi. work.

Similarly, if the librarian wants to make any

significant change, he will have to report the same to the

committee, and welcome any criticism op it made by the

committee.

22 AADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION

To achieve a set of goals of an institution an effective

organisation of the administration is required. While

planning it requires sincere consideration, viz the personnel

and th~ objectives and aims of organiation. Her. libranYstaff come into the picture, which helps in achieving set

goals, and for this reason some part of administrative

organisation is required. As the library is the trinity of

books, readers, and staff and it is also a social

institution, adequate st~ff is need.d~

Success of any organisation partly depends on the staff

structure and the duties assigned to them, and for that we

require a detailed staff manual, which we generally lack in

the university libraries of India.

44

221 LIBRARY PERSONNEL

It is a general principle of organisation, that for any

new organisation the chief of the organisation is appointed

first and according to his need the subordinate staff is

appointed. Thus, development starts from top to bottom. In

India the university library develops from bottom to top, and

in Gujarat, university library develops from top to bottom,

In almost all the university libraries in Gujarat librarianwere appointed first and there after the subordinate staff.

2211 STAFF MANUAL

This is a detailed written account of every operation

which is performed in the library. The staff manual can be a

highly useful administrative device for orienting and

training new staff and for ensuring uniform application of

policies and rules throughout the university library system.

They may provide detailed descriptions of methods and

practices in all library departments, administrative policies

and regulations relating to appointments, salaries, load of

work, promotions, leaves of absence, staff meetings, etc.

descriptions of library policy with respect to acquisition,

lending of books, provision of reference and bibliographical

services, attendance at profes~ional meetings, samples of

library forms with instructions for using them, lists of

library publications and guides to their preparation, and

many additional subjects that relate to the programme of thelibrary II (19)

45

Generally, in Indian university libraries such type of

46

staff manuals are not found In Gujarat, only theM.S.,university library has prepared a detailed staff manual,

which provides orientation to the newly appointed staff in

the library.

2212 UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANIt is the librarian, who has to play an important role

in the university in providing information to its users.

Atkinson has rightly stated; "The library is the core of a

university. As a resource it occupies the control and primary

place, because it serves all the functions of a university

teaching and research, the creation of new knowledge and the

transmission to posterity of the learning and culture of

present and the past." (20)

In a university the librarian should not be a sticker of

the rules, but he has to apply his wisdom in interpreting

t h ern as he is the pol icy maker, the manager, the

adrn i n r s t r e t or , and the executive one. Thus, with mu Lt i

dimensional duties of the librarian, he must be well aware

with the different facts of the present modern librarianship.

Status and designation of the librarian is defined in

the statues or the ordinances of the university. The

appointment of the librarian is generally made by the

selection committee subject to the approval of the executivecouncilor the syndicate, In some cases the library committee

may also advi5e the higher authorities for the appointment of

the librarian.

22121 DUTIES OF ~ UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN

The university librarian is the same what ever be the

designation. There are some slight changes from library to

library due to the local needB. But the fundamental duties

are the same, which are :

II (1) To formulate and administey pol ices, yules and

regulations for the purpose of securing the most

complete use of the library by students, faculty

membeY5, and other members of the univeysity

communi t y,

(2) to payticipate in the formulation of the educationalpolicies of the univeysity,

(3) to participate in activities of the un4versity

library committee as a member and as an officer

(usually secretary, rather then che i r men r ,

47

(4) to maintain relationships with the

deans, and other univeysity officials,

pyesident,

(5) to b~ar responsibility to the pyesident foy the

satisfactory goveynment and administYation of the

Iibr ay y,

(6) to select a harmonious administyative, technical,

and seyvlce ~ta" and to recommend this employment

to the president,

(7) to make recommendations to the president on allmatters pertaining to the status, promotion, change

in position, or dismissal of members of the library

staff,

(8) to guide the development of the book collection of

the university library ~nd to be responsible for

all book collections of the university,

(9) to represent the university li~rary to its users,

the general public, and in educational and library

gr~up,

(10) to make reports to the president or board oftrustees and to library agencies,

(11) to assist in securing gifts for the library

(12) to provide and execute the annual budget for the

operation of the library, and

(13) to co-operate with librarians and scholars in

making resources available for research. II (21)

The specific ~reas of the librarian~s duties are

staffing, the provision and maintenance of accommodation and

equipment, building up the library~s stock, and readers

services.

The organisation and management of a library cannot be

regarded as an occupation for untrained scholars, but neither

can it solely be regarded in bureaucratic or office terms. A

university library is not a government department, or an

insurance office, or a department store. A librarian is

obliged to ask the right managerial questions - what, why,

48

UNIVERSITY

Doctorate in Library Science or any other

when, where, how, who? But he must remember in answering

these questions that his true brief is to remain an educator

and a librarian (22).

22122 QUALITIES ~ QUALIFICATIONLIBRARIAN

As university librarian has to perform his

multidimensional duties and functions, he must possess some

qualities. The nearest to general truth is that the two

essential beliefs of a librarian are balief in importance and

effectiveness of the written words, and in service to people.

He must have some standard virtues.

Keeping in view the duties and functions the university

librarian has to perform, the UGC (India) had prescribedessential qualifications as under. (23)J

Minimum: M.Lib.Sc. Second class and M.A. or M.Sc. Second

class and Diploma in library Science or B.Lib. Se. First

class, prescribed minimum experience in research or a

university library.

Desi rab l e

sub jec t.Ministry of Education, Government of Indi. vide their

circular No.F.29-20/66/U-l dated the 6th S.pt.1968, has

declared that the UGe has prescribed the following

qualifications for the unlv.r.ity llbrari.ns.

Profeseional sanior (Prolsor)~-:l) M.A./M.Sc./H.Com. Fir~t or Second cla9s with B.Lib.Sc. or

49

50

Dip.Lib.Sc. First or second class, the degree of M.Lib.Sc.

being a preferential qualification,

(b) At least 10 year~s experience of working as librarian or

in a responsible professional capacity, and

(wi threcord and research experience(c) Good academic

publications).

The change of qualifications for the university librarian

had damaged. a lot the status of librarian and the profe5sion

too. The institutions imparting M.Lib.Sc. found the whole

exercise almost unnecessary. Government~s amendment had been

criticized on each and every platform of the profession. One

such comment appeared on 22nd January 1969, in the Times of

India, which reads as follows. "persons with higher

percentage of marks in their graduate degree will no longer

have an incentive to join the profession becau~e even afterdevoting two years to professional education and having

secured a Master~s Degree in the subject they shall not beeligible for higher positions in the university libraries and

that persons possessing even a Ph.D. degree in library

science shall not be having any prospects for senior

professional Jobs unless they do and obtain Master~6 degree

in any area of academic educations".

In December 1982, the Ministry of Education and

Culture (Department of Education), Government of India hasrevised the pay scale of the university librarian and deputy

librarian vide letter No.F.2-1/82/ dated 15th December 1982.

But qualifications were unchanged.

,.~~_TEGORY OF EgST

Librarian

QUALIFICATIONS

51

(Rs. 1500-2500) (a) First 01" second class M.A./M.Sc./M.Com.plus a first or second class Diploma in

Library Science. The degree of

M.Lib.Sc. is preferetial qualification.

(b) At least 10 years experience as

librarian or in a responsible

professional capacity in a university

library.

research

(c) Good academic qualificationsexperience

and

(wi thmust

of

Deputy Librarian

( 1200 -1 900)

publications). The qualificationsbe in general, comparable to those

professors in universities.

(a) First or second class M.A./M.Sc./M.Com.plus a first or second class B.Lib.Sc.

or Diploma in Library Science. The

degree of M.Lib.Sc. is preferetial

qualification.

(b) At least

librarian

7 years

01" in

experience as

a responsible

professional capacity in a library.

(c) Good academic qualifications and

research experience (with

52

publications). The qualifications mustbe in general, comparable to those of

readers in universities.

Assi5t~nt libr~ri~n/Documentation officer(Rs. 700-1600)

(a) First or second class B.A./B.Sc./B.Com.

degree plus a first or second class

M.Lib.sc. degree.

or

First or second class M.A./M.Sc./M.Com.

and ~ first or second class B.Lib.Sc.

or a Diploma in Library Science.

The above mentioned qualifications are applicable

only to librarians, deputy librarians and assistant

librarians of the universities those who are already in

service.

For the new recruitment to the post of assistant

libr~rian ~nd documentation officers, minimum qualifications

have been prescribed as follows1

Assistant Librarianl (a) Good academic record with atDocumentation offic.r least second class master

degree in subject other thanLibrary Science.

(b) Master degree in Library

53

Science with first or

second class.

high

Jt implies that the minimum qualifications for the

recruitment of librarian/ deputy librarians of the

universities will be issued later on.

The recommedations of the panel on Library and

Information Science, pertaining to qualifications for the

recruitment to the post of Librarians/Deputy

Librarians/Assistant Librarians in the universities were

accepted by the UGC in its meeting of 7th July 1984, which

are as under:

A. Universities

1. Librarian (1500-2500)

(a) First or ~econd cl~ss M.Lib.Sc. or

M.A./M.Sc./M.Com. plus ~ first or 5econd cla~s

B.Lib.Se. or Diploma in Library Science.

(b) At "least ten years experience as Librarian or in

a responsible professional capacity in a

university library.

(c) Ph.D. degree or equivalent research work in thefield relevant to the profe5sion.

(d) In certain situations in academic librariestraining in computerization/Information

Technology/Sepcializnd area may be taken into

con~ideration.

2. Deputy Librarian/Documentation Officer (1200-1900)

(a) First or second class M.Lib.Sc. orM.A./M.Sc./M.Com. plus a first or second class

B.Lib.Sc. or Diploma in Library Science.

(b) At least seven years experience as Librarian orin a responsible professional capacity in a

university library.

(c) Ph.D. de9ree or equivalent research work in thefield relevant to the profession.

(d) In certain situations in academic librariestrainin9 in computerization/Information

Technology/Sepcialized area may be taken into

consideration.

3. Assistant Librarian/DocQmentation Officer (700-1600)

(a) Good academic record with at least a high secondmaster~s de9ree in a .ubject other than LibraryScience.

(b) Master~s degree in Library Science with first orhigh second class.

221243 STATUS OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN

54

The University librarian must enjoy the statusaccording to his academic and profes~ional qualifications and

the responsibilities which he has to bear. The fir5t seminar

of university librarians had recommended that:

"University librarian

(a) given statutory recognition,

(b) be directly responsible to the vice chancellor ofthe university,

(c) be an ex-officio member of all academic bodies.

(d) be the member-secretary of the library committee

which will function only in an advlsory capacity,

and

(e) be accorded the status and privilege6 of a

university teachers and the head of a university

P06t graduate department II (24).

Similarly, the Calcutta University Commission(1917-

1919)recommended that, the unversity librarian ought to be

functionary of great importance, ranking with unversity

professors, and having a place in the supreme academic body

of the university.

After all such recommendations regarding the status

of university librarian in India, still many universities

have not given such status to the librarians.

22124 POSITION ~ GUJARAT

55

The position of university librarians

universities of GuJarat is a5 under.

in the

TABLE-l

COMPARATIVE POSITION OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIANS IN LIBRARY

COMMITTEES AND ACADEMIC BODIES OF THE UNIVERSITY

NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY MEMBER OF STATUS INUNIVERSITY LIBRARY ANY ACADEMIC LIBRARY

HEADED BY BODY OF UNIV. COMMITTEE

M. S. UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN SECRETARY

GUJARAT UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN SENATE SECRETARY(VACANT)

S.P. UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN SECRETARY

SAURASTRA UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN

56

SOUTH GUJARATUNIVERSITY

LIBRARIAN SECREATRY

BHAVNAGAR UNIVERSITY ASSISTANTLIBRARIAN

- _._._.--_._------------------------------

While observing the above situation in GuJar e t , it

can be seen that only Bhavanagr university library is headed

by the assistant librarian. Similarly, in the Gujaratuniversity the post of librarian 1~ found vancant since 1980,

and other four university libraries have ful-fledged

librarians. They are the M.S. universities of Baroda,

S.P.university,

university.

Saurastra university and South Gujarat

The librarian of Gujarat University is the only ex-officio memb&Y of the senat Remaining univer~ity libr~rian.

of Gujarat are not the members of any academic body of theirrespective universities.

In the M.S. university of Baroda, Gujarat university,

57

S.P. university, and South Gujarat university, universitylibrarians are ex-officio member secretary of the library

committee. Surprisingly in Saurastra universit~, and

Bhavnagar university, librarians have not been given any

place even in the library committe.

The duties of the unversity librarian in Gujarat arenot clearlY defined. Only in the M.S. university of Baroda,

under the ordinance 39 of the university it is mentioned

that, lithe university librarian shall be in-charge of the

administration of the library service according to the policy

laid down by the authorities, and advise the library

committee in all matters pertaining to the library service.

And the university librarian shall make arrangements to take

stock of books and periodicals every three years and maintain

upto date the catalogue of books and periodicals in the

libraries. He shall report to the library committee in the

matter. The library committee shall take whatever action they

deem fit on the report"(25).

The existence of the library committee is a common

feature in.11 the universities of GuJarat.

The profe$sional qualifications of the universitylibrarian in Gujarat are not as prescribed by the UGC northey are being paid the grades of the UGC. Out of all six

libraries, only three university librarians possess the

M.L.l.S.degree

Baroda, S.P.

viz. The librarians of the M.S. university of

university, and Saurastra university. The

58

librarian of the South Gujarat university, Surat has onlyB.L.I.S. degree. In the Gujarat university, the post oflibrarian is vacant since 1980, where as Bhavnagar university

library is headed by the assistant librarian, who is

possessing B,L.I.S. degree. There is no single university

librarian in GuJarat, who is having Ph.D. degree in Library

and Information Science.

The pay scales of the university librarian in Gujaratare not equated with academic staff so far. Only in the

M.S.university of Baroda, till 1985 they were equivalent to

the university professor. The commission of the state (knownas Desai pay commission> had suggested and Government of

Gujarat had the pay scale of 1100-1600 for the universitylibrarian from 1st January 1973. The third pay commission of

the state was totally scrapped by the government on the

demand of the state employees, and the equivalent pay scale

of the Fourth pay commission of the central government is

Implemented in the state from 1st January 1986. Thus, state

government has given the equivalent scale only. Hence pay

scale of the university librarians in the state is R~.3000

4500, from 1st January 1986.

ienerally in Gujarat, university librarians have notbeen given academic status nor they are equated in pay with

the academic staff. Thi. do not provide an opportunity for

them to sit in various academic committees of the

universities, and do not take part in any deliberations in

the university. This situation in Gujarat requires majorchanges.

23 FACULTY RELATIONSHIP

The university library is the trinity of books,

re~ders and staff, which requires the co-operation among all

these three factors. The success of the library and its

services to a large extent depends on the co-operation and

con-ordination of all these three factors. In relation to

library and library services in the university, librarians

relation can be with, authority, staff, the faculty, and the

student community. University library users can be broadly

classified in the following categories, viz.

(1) the students, those who use the librarY for readingand study purpose, i.e. undergraduate students,

(2) the students, those who use the library for theirhigher study in depth, i.e. post-graduate students,

(3) the research scholars, who use the library for

their research purpose,

(4) The faculty members, who use the library to acquire

recent developmentG in their subjects, extension ofknowledge to keep themselves abreast with recent

trends, for research purpose and teachin~.

The university librarian is not merely an

~dministrator. He should kRep in mind that he is the head of

the heart of the university, and a social institution. Hence

59

his relationship with the faculty members should be close and

60

cordial, and he himself has to keep abreast with the recent

major developments in the various subjects of universe ofknowledge, which helps him in providing leadership to

university library in general and to library services in