Problem Tree AnalysisLogical Frame Work

Logical Framework Analysis helps to

Improve the project’s understanding of the needs of those affected by a problem

Reveal how little we know as outsiders, which encourages those who do know to participate

Identify potential winners and losers as a result of the Identify potential winners and losers as a result of the

project

Reduce, or hopefully remove, potential negative project

impacts

Logical Framework Analysis helps to

Identify those who have the rights, interests, resources, skills & abilities to take part

Influence the course of the projectIdentify who should be encouraged to take part in the

project planning and implementationproject planning and implementation

Identify and reduce risks which might involve identifying

possible conflicts of interestinterestinterestinterest and expectationexpectationexpectationexpectation.

What is a problem?What is a problem?What is a problem?What is a problem?

An undesired situation

The difference between what exists and

what should bewhat should beThe difference between

reality andexpectation

Problems are

Varying in terms of level (local, regional, national, global, etc)

MultifacetedMultifaceted

Different to

differentpeople

Activities Outputs Outcomes

Logical Framework ModelCourtesy: W.G. Kellogg Foundation

Example of a Logical Frame

Inadequate

Baby feeding

High level of baby

deaths

Infectious diseases

Inadequate

vaccination

Epidemic diseases

No clean

drinking water

Limited access

to health

Ignorance of

mothers on

nutrition

vaccination drinking water

Inadequate

infrastructure

Inadequate

health clinics

services

No purification

system in the tire

factory

Faulty sewage

system

Low income

level

UnemploymentLow level

education

Problem Tree Problem Tree Problem Tree Problem Tree AnalysisAnalysisAnalysisAnalysis

Analyzing the cause/effect relationships between problems

Key Key Key Key

EFFECTSEFFECTSEFFECTSEFFECTS

CAUSESCAUSESCAUSESCAUSES

Key Key Key Key

PROBLEMSPROBLEMSPROBLEMSPROBLEMS

Problem tree analysis should be…Problem tree analysis should be…Problem tree analysis should be…Problem tree analysis should be…A learning process An opportunity for different views and interests to be presented and discussed

Undertaken as a group activity involving people who can contribute relevant technical and local knowledgecontribute relevant technical and local knowledge

Simple and practical – if it becomes too complicated, its usefulness in

the rest of the design process is limited.

DON’Ts DON’Ts DON’Ts DON’Ts in Problem Tree Analysis

Don’t assume knowledge of problems

Don’t assume knowledge of causal relationships

Don’t manipulate; facilitate the identification of Don’t manipulate; facilitate the identification of

the KEY problems.

Problem Tree Analysis stepsProblem Tree Analysis stepsProblem Tree Analysis stepsProblem Tree Analysis stepsDetermine the scope of the analysisIdentify people/stakeholdersList the problemsIdentify the CORE problemIdentify CAUSES and EFFECTS

Arrange the causes at the ROOTS of the treeArrange the causes at the ROOTS of the treeArrange the effects on the BRANCHESV{xv~ à{x ÄÉz|v tá à{x ÑÜÉuÄxÅ àÜxx |á vÉÇáàÜâvàxw

Example of a Problem Tree

low agricultural output

Objective AnalysisObjective AnalysisObjective AnalysisObjective Analysis

An Objective Tree is similar to a problem tree, except

that it looks at

objectivesrather than rather than

problems.

ProblemProblem Objective

High rate of High rate of

child deathschild deaths of child deathsof child deaths

To reduce the rate To reduce the rate

of child deathsof child deaths

Negative to Positive

High rate of High rate of infectious diseasedinfectious diseased

To reduce the rate ofTo reduce the rate of

infectious diseasesinfectious diseases

Issues to consider areIssues to consider areIssues to consider areIssues to consider are

Benefits to primary stakeholdersLikelihood of achieving the objectivesWhether the problem is already being addressed

CostCost

RisksSustainability

Environmental impact

lÉâÜ eÉÄx Think

Talk and Discuss

Act on what you hear

Be burdened

If you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYto make a to make a to make a to make a

difference!!difference!!difference!!difference!!

“Our death is not not not not an endendendend, if we can live on in

our children.

For they are us, our bodies are only wilted bodies are only wilted

leaves on the tree of lifetree of lifetree of lifetree of life.”

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