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LEWIS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION.

M3 HOUSE O F REPRESENTATIVES,

COMMITTEE O N INDUSTRIAL ARTS AND EXPOSITIONS,

Wr

asfaington ,D . a

,Ja/imary 14 ,

The committee met at O’clock a . m.

,Hon . James A . Tawney

in the chair .

There were present,in addition to the members Of the committee

,

Mr . H . W’

. Scott,president o f the Lewis and Clark Centennial Expo

sition ; Mr . Jefferson Myers , president Of the Lewis and Clark Centenmial Exposition Commission ; Mr . W . L . Boise

,Of Portland

, Greg ,

andH on . F. W . Cushman,Representative from the State OfW ashington .

The CHAIRMAN . This meeting,gentlemen , is cal led for the purpose

O f hearing certain gentlemen on House bill 2850,referred to this com

mittee,prov iding for a centennial exposition at Portland Oreg .

,to

commemorate the one hundredth anniversary O f the Lewis and Clarkexpedition and discovery Of the Oregon country .

Mr . Scott,O f Portland , Oreg .

,is here

,and

,I believe

,i s the gentle

man who is to be heard first . W e will hear -

you ,Mr . Scott .

STATEM ENT OF HON. HARVEY W . SCOTT, OF PORTLAND, OREG. ,

PRESIDENT OF THE LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSI

TION .

M rs. SCOTT . Mr . Chairman and gentlemen Of the committee , I Shallnot enter into a detailed examination or explanation Of the bill beforeyou . It will be studied o f course by your committee . It is in theSenate now with a good many amendments changing it in some materialfeatures from the bill before you . However

,if you wish any explan

atory statement in regard to it we will endeavor to make it . I willleave Mr . Boise the duty Of answering any questions that may be askedas to the special details Of the bill

,or the changes we have made in it

thus far.

I Shall not make a long address,but I shall wish to touch some main

poin ts in the history,and then give a short s tatement O f what we are

doing at Portland in this matter .

I t is our purpose,M r. Chairman and gentlemen Of the committee

,

to hold an exposition,the name common lv given to undertakings o f

this kind,at Portland

,Greg ,

in the summer O f 1905 . The occasionOf it is the centenary Of the expedition Of Lewis and Clark across thecontinent and over the mountains to the Pacific Ocean

,an incident

standing alone by itself o f no great importance,but

,as the beginning

O f al l things on the Pacific coast,Of great importance no t only to t he

Pacific coast but to the whole United States . It was the expeditionthat led the van Of the movement Of our people to the Pacific ; that

w

ri-

3M

LEW IS AN D CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION .

started our settlements there and laid the foundation for our greatgroup O f States on the W estern Side of the continent . It was a movement O f historical interest and O f national importance not exceeded inits Significance and its results by any other in the history o f the expansion o f the United States . It preceded by more than forty years theacquisition Of California

,to which it was a contributory cause . It

preceded by a longer time the acquisition Of Alaska,Of which also it

was the basis,since it was the beginning of everything on the Pacific

coast . It has placed us on the Pacific,where we face th e commerce Of

the Pacific as hitherto we had faced only the commerce o f the Atlantic . I t has put us in touch on the

“

Shores Of the Pacific with perhaps amaj ority O f th e whole human race .

The tit le to the country we possess on the Pacific was formed andfounded on the three capital incidents Of discovery

,exploration

,and

settlement . I shall no t enter at length nor in any detail into the history

,for it is unnecessary in this presence ; but , with the permission

Of the committee,I will touch a few heads Of the subj ect and then pass

On to an account Of what we are doing at Portland for this exposition ,for we have not come here to solicit th e recognition and cooperationOf the United States without first having made large preparations ourselves

,including subscriptions and payments of money to carry on our

proj ect , which already is well advanced .

A S to the discovery . It was a stroke Of fortune,merely

,that gave

us the discovery . The Spanish navigators from Mexico had been sailing along the west coast of America for two centuries . Some few hadpassed far to the north

,but nothing really was known O f the country

north O f the Bay o f San Francisco,and there was no t much informa

tion,and none O f an accurate kind of the country

,from Mexico to

San Francisco . The Spaniards,however , laid an indefinite claim to

the whole country O f western North America,with

,

‘ however,little

upon which to found it . From the known breadth O f the continentand from the trend Of the coast toward the northwest

,it had long been

conj ectured that a great river entered the ocean somewhere north ofthe fortieth parallel

,and repeated efforts were made to find it .

It is very well at tested that one Spanish nav igator ‘saw the mouth Ofthe Columbia River in the year 1775

,but he did no t enter the stream .

He noticed,however

,the vast outflow of fresh water

,and marked very

accurately the latitude . Some years later an English navigator,Meares

,

undertook to verify the Spanish navigator’s asserted discov ery ,but

failed . This was in th e year 1788 . He made such examination as hecould of the locality indicated

,but somehow missed it

,and recorded

his Opinion that no river existed there . Four years later,that is to

say,early in the year 1792

,George Vancouver , amore noted English

navigator,passed the same spot, and subscribed , without qual ification ,

to the Opinion of Meares,that no river existed there .

’

Yet within avery short time

,a few weeks after Vancouver had passed the place ,

the river was entered by Captain Gray in the trading bark Columbia ,

Of Boston . He was on the coast o n a trading expedition,and almost

accidentally dropped in there . He ascended the river for about 25miles

,remained a fortnight or more

,took his Observations and then

sailed northward,entering the Straits of Fuca . Here he met Van

couver , who was just completing the examination O f our great estuary ,which Vancouver named Puget Sound . Vancouver was its firstexplorer . Names he gave were sprinkled plentifully all over the PugetSound country .

JULr2 was

Q"mLEW IS AND

‘ CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION . 3

Q"Vancouver continued his explorations for a considerable time aboutVancouvers Island and the Gulf of Georgia , and then himself sailedsouthward

,intending to

'

go to the Bay of San Francisco,leaving

Lieutenant Broughton with his smaller vessel to enter the ColumbiaRiver t o verify Gray’s discovery . Broughton entered theC o lumbiaRiver in November

,1792 . Gray had entered it in May

,1792 .

Broughton took his launch and ascended the river a l ittle more than100 miles . The ultimate point he reached he cal led Vancouver . Itwas for a long time an important p ost of the Hudson

’s Bay Company,

now the county town of Clark County,W ash .

,6 miles north of

Portland .

The importance to the United States of obtaining a footing uponthe Pacific was seen even at this early day , but was appreciated byonly a few of our statesmen .

To Thomas Jefferson,our chief o f expansionists

,is due the honor of

quick apprehension of the importance o f Gray’s discovery . Evenbefore the acquisition o f Louisiana Jefferson had planned an expeditionacross the continent over the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean .

Jefferson,at a considerably earlier day

,had become interested in west

ern explorations . W hile our ambassador at Paris,after the close of our

Revolution,he had met John Ledyard

,an American traveler

,who

entertained him with a vast proj ect o f discovery and colonization ono ur western coast . Gray’s discovery recalled to his mind

,

the possibilities

,and after he became President he immediately recurred to the

idea he had formed a good many years before . The expedition,how

ever,that he contemplated was no t organized for some little time after

,

wards,or until the purchase of Louisiana from France was completed

,

fo r in fact we had no right yet to send an armed exploring partythrough the country of the upper Missouri

,belonging to a friendly

nation .

A few years later,as gentlemen may recall

,the expedition of "ebulon

M . Pike through Colorado and into New Mexico,an armed exploring.

expedition of the United States,was arrested by the troops o f Spain

,

the men were disarmed,held as prisoners for a while and then returned

to the United States,which was the end of Pike’s exploring expedition .

But with the completion o f the Louisiana purchase it became possiblefor President Jefferson to return to his proj ect and carry it through .

The purchase of Louisiana was completed in December,1803. Early

in the spring of 1804 the expedition of Lewis and Clark , under thedirection o f the President

,was organized at or near St . Louis and began

the ascent o f the Missouri River . It proceeded as far as possible thatyear until winter set in and the Missouri closed with ice , when itstopped and passed the winter at Mandan

,now in the State of North

Dakota . I n the spring it resumed the journey,passed on up the

Missouri,keeping the principal o f the head streams

,entered the Jeffer

son,passed on over the mountains to the waters westward

,followed

down streams tributaries o f the great southern affluent of the Columbiato th e main stream

,and on down the main stream

,until in November

,

1805,the wide horizon of the

,

Pacific Ocean burst upon th eir view ,

between the two great headlands that mark the debouch o f the mightyriver into the great Pacific sea .

This was the exploring expedition confirming the discovery . Themen of the Lewis and Clark expedition were the first Americans whocrossed the continent to the Oregon country and to the Pacific Ocean .

4 LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION .

Alexander Mackenzie , a Scotch Canadian , twelve years earlier , hadcome from Quebec , passing through the continent and over the mountains from Peace River

,which flows into Athabasca Lake

,and then

into the Mackenzie River,which discharges its waters into the Arctic

Ocean . From the headwaters of the Peace River Mackenzie passedon west to the stream which later took the name of Fraser River ; andaf ter following it for some distance left it and struck

.

directly west forthe Pacific

,which he reached in Ju ly

,1798

,at or near the place now

called Fort Simpson,which is to be the terminus o f the new Grand

Trunk Canadian Pacific Railway .

Mackenzie was the first man to cross the continent north of the

Spanish possessions , which at that time had an indeterminat e northernboundary . This boundary

,Spain’s nort hern boundary , was fixed aft

erwards at the forty - second paral lel by treaty between the UnitedStates and Spain . That is to say

,it was a clause in the F lorida treaty

of 1819 that fixed the forty - second parallel as the northern limit ofSpain’s territory

,which remains to this day the boundary between

the States of Oregon and California,Oregon and Nevada

,Utah and

Idaho,etc .

On the result of the expedition of Mackenzie a nd of the explorationof Vancouver

,the British Government was already basing a large and

general claim to sovereignty on the Pacific . President Jeffersonhastened the organization of the exploring expedition to go overlandfrom the United States for the purpose Of strengthening the rightswe had a cquired through Gray’s discovery

,and of anticipating other

expeditions and claims by Great Britain . Lewis and Clark were notthere too soon

,for the British already had expeditions in preparation ,

and their explorers were on the upper Columbia but a little later thanthe return of Lewis and Clark from t he mouth of the Stream .

Simon Fraser,in 1806—1808

,followed to the sea the river that bears his

name,believing at first

,as Mackenzie before him had bel ieved

,that

he was on the Columbia . Another Englishman,David Thompson

"whose name is perpetuated in the well -known tributary of the Fraser",was the first man who explored the upper courses of the ColumbiaRiv er ; and some years later he followed it through its whole course tosea

,arriving at Astoria in the summer of 1811

,four months after

the arrival o f the Astor expedition t here and the occupation of theOregon country by the Americans . Here again , as in Gray

’s discovery

,we were but just a little in advance of the English .

President Jefferson had been exceedingly anxious that the Lewisand Clark expedition should escape the notice of Great Britain and theBritishNorthwest Company

,with whom disputes about territorial rights

were feared ; but , in fact , the expedition did not escape their notice ,for no sooner did Lewis and Clark appear on the Missouri than theirexpedition was discovered by the British

,and in 1805 the British

Northwest Company sent out its men to establish posts and occupyterritories on the Columbia . In 1806 this party crossed the RockyMountains by the pass of Peace River and founded a small tradingestablishment near the fifty

- fourth degree of latitude,the first British

post west of the Rocky M Oun-tains ; but it was not until the year 1811that any Englishman went through to the country of the lower Columbia

,a nd then the Pacific Fur Company , or Astoria party , was alreadv

established there .

LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION . 5

But there remained between the United States and Great Britain aof territorial dispute . W e claimed everything almost

,and

the same . They certainly had rights,in the discovery on

Fraser River and of P uget So und,as they were the first to enter that

region and explore it , but we had the territorial right to the countryd rained by the Columbia River. Amid these complications

,however

,

neither party could claim absolute rights to the whole country,for

neith er was able W holly to exclude the other ; but it was the expeditiono f Lewis and Clark that gave us the strength of our argument . Thetalk on our side was “ fifty

- four forty or fight,

”but our claim to fifty

four forty rested merely on the convention between the United Statesand Russia , for when Russia was asked to define the southern limitsof her Alaskan territory she fixed fifty

- four forty as that limit,so we

claimed to fifty- four forty , without any regard to the claims of Great

Britain between our acknowledged territory and theirs ; but as GreatBritain was not a par ty to that convention

,she declared that her rights

could not be concluded by any negotiation in which she had no t had apart and in whose results She had no t promised agreement .The question was therefore still open as between Great Britain and

the United States ; but we had in Gray’s discovery

,in the exploring

expedition of Lewis and Clark , and in the settlement of the country , achain o f title which made it impossible for us to concede Great Britain’sc laim to the Columbia River as a boundary line . Great Britain’s claimwas modified slowly to the north bank of the Columbia River .

Still,there could be no determination of the dispute until the slow

migration o f our people to the Oregon country,over the plains and

mountains,gradually established American influence there ; and finally

the considerable migration in the year 1843gave Americans a decidedpreponderance

,especially in the country south o f the Columbia ; but

th e boundary question dragged along , the British claiming as far southas the Columbia and we st ill claiming as far north as fifty

- four forty,

until the final settlement in 1846 .

So it was the exploration by Lewis and Clark that led to the settlement o f the country by American citizens

,and it was the exploration

,

therefore,that established as . The first fruit of the exploration was

the Astor expedition of 1810—11,a joint undertaking by land and sea .

After some years o f effort this failed,in consequence chiefly of the war

o f 1812 . Nathaniel W yeth,o f Boston made up a trading party , going

overland,in the year 1832 . He sent a small vessel around with goods

for barter with the Indians,which

,however

,was lost . Returning

,he

led a second party to the Columbia River in 1834 . It was at this timealso that the noted missionary effort

,that bore SO large a part in the

settlement of that country and held it to the United States,began .

This was a philanthropic and religious movement,undertaken for the

purpose of carrying Christianity and civilization to the Indians . JasonLee led it in 1834 . Samuel Parker followed in 1835 ; Marcus W hitmanand others in 1836 . Reinforcements came year by year in small numbers both by sea and land . In 1838 Jason Lee , having returned overland from Oregon

,delivered a lecture in Peoria

,Ill .

,which started a

considerable number o f young men from that place the followingspringu —the spring o f 1839— to Oregon .

From this t ime parties of increasing strength went in successivey ears , t ill in 1843 a caravan of nearly persons with wagons set


out from Independence,M O .

,for Oregon . It reached its destination

toward the end of that year . Among its members were many menwho afterwards attained d istinction at home and abroad . Of thenumber was James W . Nesmith

,then a youth

,later a man of great

distinction In Oregon and a Senator of the United States from 1861 to1867

,and Peter H . Burnett

,who went from Oregon to California and

became the fi st governor o f that State after its admission into theUnion

,and M arshall

,the discoverer o f gold In California

,first migrated

to Oregon and went from Oregon to California .

Years before the war with Mexico,which led to the acquisition by

conquest and purchase of California by the United States,citizens of

the United States had migrated to the Oregon country In sufficientnumbers to form and establish a gov eI nmen t . In M ay ,

1843, a provisional government was formed with avowed allegiance to the UnitedStates ; but it was difficult , for British influence in the country wasstrong and at a meeting called to form a government the Americansprevailed by a bare maj ority—

7 a majority of two . This was effectedO nly through a union of the missionaries

,of the free trappers ofAmeri

can nativity,and o f other elements of our pioneer life

,not congruou s

in the minor details but actuated by a common sentiment of allegianceto the United States . Joseph L . Meek

,a native Of Virginia , who had

gone in his boyhood to the far W est and taken up the life of an explorerand trapper

,together with an Indian wife

,was chief in this effort .

Few persons in our humbler life have done more for this country ofours than this unlettered Virginia boy . He it was who at that meeting forced the issue that by a maj ority of but two declared the alleg iance of the people of the Oregon country to the United States andprevailed o veI the Engl ish .

These were the efl'

O I ts that gave uS— gave the United States— possession of the western half of the continent . I need not dwell on the subject ; the merest outline is sufficient , since it is only

‘

necessary to sayenough to revive the memory of what we all know about the movement which carried expansion across the continent long before thepurchase of California

,and before the discoverv of gold in California

gave a new impulse to the life of the western wo .rld It is the firstcentenary of expansion of the United States to the shores of the Pacificthat we are about to commemorate

,and we ask the recognition and par

ticipation of the United States . In its consequences the event we celebrate is one o f the great and Significant things In our history— the firstexpedition ofAmeI l oans

,the first acquisition of territory on thewesteI n

ocean — which has led to other acquisitions, until now we have a coast

line on the Pacific exceeding the length o f our coast line on the Atlantic

,with ports and vantage points from which we may control the com

merce Of the greatest of oceans,in touch with the greater portion o f

the inhabitants o f the globe .

Allow me now to present a statement of W hat we have done and aredoing for this exposition on our own account . O ur first step was theformation o f a corporation at Portland

,with a capital of $500 ,000 . Of

this sum,stock to the amount of $420 ,000 has already been subscribed

”and most of the money paid . The sale of stock still procee .ds The

legislature of the State of Oregon has made an appropriation o f

$500,000 , and has appointed a commission to direct the use and expenditure of the money .


The CHAIRMAN. Let me ask you there , Mr . Scott— has your legislata re authorized the holding of this exposition ?Mr . SCOTT . It has ; yes , sir .

The CHAIRMAN . The work that is now being done is being doneunder that authority , is it ?Mr . SCOTT . It is being done under that authority . It is done under

the authority o f law . The sum of has been appropriated bythe State and directions are made in th e law fo r the cooperation ofthe Portland corporation W ith the State commission . Mr . Jefferso nMyers

,the president of the commission , is here with us to - day .

Directors of the corporat ion and members o f the commission confertogether under authority and direction of law and work in harmony .

Many States have signified their intention of participating in the expositiou

,and we are assurred that others will do likewise . The States of

California , Idaho , Utah , Montana, North Dakota , Minnesota , and Missouri have taken legislative action and their combined appropriationfor exhibits at Portland amounts to The State of W ashington is yet to take action

,but it is not doubted that at the next session

of her legislature very ample provision will be made for the partici

pation o f W ashington,now the foremost State of the original W ash

ington country .

Mr . CUSHMAN . Mr . Scott,I wish you W ould make a little statement

in reference to the action that was taken by our legislature .

Mr . SCOTT . An appropriation of if I mistake not,was made

,

but owing,as I think I am not acquainted with all the particulars

to some disagreement between the governor and the legislature uponvarious points it was cut out in a sort o f miscellaneous blanket veto

,

with some other matters .

Mr . CUSHMAN . There was a very general disposition on the part ofthe peop le o f our State to make a liberal appropriation for this purpose . I do not think there is any doubt but that appropriation willbe made by the legislature at the coming session

,this coming winter;

a year from now.

The CHAIRMAN. That will be for your own State building andexhibit ?Mr . CUSHMAN . Yes

,sir .

Mr . SCOTT . I think I may say,properly enough

,that between cer

tain leaders o f the legislature and the governor some dissensionsoccurred

,and that was the cause o f this appropriation being cut out

in the general veto . 1“

O ur undertaking,it will be seen

,therefore

,is no local o ne . It is

supported by several other States and,we doubt not

,will receive the

Support of more ; and we think , in view of this presentation and of thehistorical importance

,in a national sense

,of the event we are to com

memorate,we are no t amiss in asking the recognition and support of

the United States .

O ur plan embraces the expenditure of between andfor our buildings

,for preparation of the grounds and for the

light required,and for administration

,for general expenses

,

and fo r exploitation or advertising . For these purposes we have themoney and are expend ing it . W e are proceeding on this basis

,and

by the end o f the year our work will be practical ly complete .

The CHAIRMAN . W ill you please repeat that statement as to the costo f the different branches ?

LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION .

Mr . SCOTT . O ur plan embraces the expenditure of between $400 000and for our buildings ; for preparation of thegrounds and for the light required— l ighting is an expensive thingand light is now one o f the main features of cost in all these expeditions ~ —and for administration and general expenses o f adv ertising and exploitation .

Mr . PORTER. Do you say that is your scheme ?Mr . SCOTT . Yes ; that is our scheme , with our own money . That is

o ur scheme o f operation . W e are going on with that now,and we

have the grounds very W el l prepared . as I will Show a little further on .

W e are proceeding on this basis . By the end of the year ourworkwill be practically completed .

For the exposition we have a site of surpassing beauty,two or three

miles from the business center of Portland,but connected with it by

allmain street - car lines and also by the Northern Pacific Railroad . Itis a Site of 400 acres , about half o f which is a natural lake of 5 to15 feet in depth . Above it the ground by easy gradations rises to acommanding V iew of the lake

,the city

,and the incomparable moun

tain peaks,clad in perpetual snow

,that stand before the city of Port

land . Preparation o f these grounds is now far advanced . Roads andpaths

,water supply

,and drainage have all been provided at a cost

exceeding W e are making a vast rose garden in a climateand soil unequaled for the rose , which we believe will be the finest theworld has ever seen. Plans of the main building for the expositionare completed

,and the erection of the buildings will immediately

begin .

_

SO , as I said at the outset , it will mean that we have no t comehere to ask the recognition and assistance of the United States withoutfirst having made very considerable preparations ourselves .

W e now ask the United States,in view of the history o f. the begin

n ing and growth o f our domain on the Pacific coast,of its present

importance,and o f the position it gives us in relation to the commerce

o f the Pacific Ocean and the Orient,to add an exhibit o f its own to the

interest o f the occasion w e commemorate . Looking to U ltimates ,already looming into View , the position we have gained west of theRocky Mountains and on the Pacific

,through the acquisition o f the

Oregon country and its consequences , is o f no less importance thanthat o f the Louisiana territory . W ho can say

,from forecast of the

commerce of the world,h owgreat it may yet become ?

O ur bill provides Simply for the part icipation by the United Statesin the Lewis and Clark exposition at Portland . It proposes that theGovernment Shall erect a building or buildings for the purpose , andplace exhibits therein

,all under the direction of its own commissioner .

The Government is further asked to j oin the State of Oregon and thecity of Portland in the erection of a memorial building to be dedicatedto the history o f the W est and to the collection and preservation o f

the records o f the history and o f those who made it .M ay I be permitted to say , M r. Chairman

,that these expositions ,

such o f them,in particular as may be based on historical interest , have

their uses,and their large uses ? Th ey instruct the people in the his

tory of the country . They give lessons in patriotism . They acquaintthe people with the fact that what they have and enj oy has comethrough the high spirit and earnest devotion of their ancestors . Andwhen you cause a people to look backward to the achievements of


their ancestors, you cause them to look forward to the welfare of their

posterity .

In a material and industrial sense also the advantage is great . Itis highly useful to the people to let them be shown by examples theprogressive steps by which ourmaterial development has reached itspresent height . W e never can know just what our own position is inour own

’

time until we have acquainted ourselves,in some sort at least

,

with the steps and stages by which we have reached it . And hereinthese historic expositions are especially useful .Moreover

,in the new development they promote , especially in a new

country like ours of the W est,where all

,or almost all , the resources

o f nature yet await the transforming mind and hand of man,the country

will quickly reap results , even in the growth of its revenues , far inexcess of the sums thus expended . To the Oregon country the

national treasury is surely a debtor by some tens of millions in excesso f all kinds o f appropriations made from the national Treasury , andthis exposition

,recognized and assisted , by the United States , will

attract an attention to the country and promote its development to anextent that will be felt speedily upon the national revenues

,and the

money we ask for will come back to the Treasury in multiplied sums .

In the early part of the nineteenth century Samuel Taylor Coleridge,

great among greatest of names in literature in England,taking note

of the movement and Spread of our people over the breadth of NorthAmerica

,said :

Th e thought of th e Un ited States of America,occupied by a nation of

o f people,extending across a great con tinent from ocean to ocean ,

liv ing under th elaws of Alfred and speaking th e language of Shakespeare and M ilton

,is an august

conception .

It is indeed an august conception,and it has been already practically

realized . W e are to commemorate our part o f it , which is no t small ,by our exposition at Portland , in the Oregon country , for which wenow request the recognition and cooperation o f the United StatThe President of the United States

,in his recent message

,spoke

approvmgly of the undertaking which we represent . He said :Th e Lewis and Clark expedition across th e cont inent marked th e beginn ing of th eprocess of exploration and co lon ization which thrust our national boundaries to th ePacific. Th e acquisition of th e Oregon country ,

including th e present States of

O regon ,W ashington ,

and Idaho , was a fact of immense importance in our history ,

first giv ing us our place on th e Pacific seaboard , and making ready th e way of our

ascendancy in th e commerce of th e greatest of th e oceans. Th e centenn ial o f ourestablishment upon th e western coast by th e expedition o f Lewis and Clark is to becelebrated at Portland

,Creg .

,by an exposition in th e summer of 1905 , and this event

should receive recognition and support from th e National Government .

Mr . BARTLETT . That is in the last message , I believe ?Mr . SCOTT . Yes ; the message which was sent to Congress about six

weeks ago .

Though we represent a country that has a history o f but a century,

such has been its distance hitherto from the centers o f population thatit is new in its development . It is a country o f the largest resources

,

yet scarcely touched . Its potentialities are immense and exhaustless .

The senior Senator from Oregon,in his speech in the Senate a short

time ago , showed what enormous sums have been contributed to theTreasury by the Oregon country in excess of all the sums that havebeen appropriated for all purposes for it ; and the revenues from


that country to the National Treasury will vastly increase with furtherdevelopment of the country . W e hope with this exposition to attractincreased attention to the country and to all the States of t he Pacificcoast west Of the mountain region . To make our exposition national

and international we desire the recognition and approval of the Unitedtates .

Here is a matter to us o f utmost importance . W ith the recogni

tion and assistance of the United States,the cooperation of the United

States in our effort,we shal l attract the attent ion O f foreign countries

and particularly o f those that are making exhibits now at St . Louis .

In our intercourse W ith the people from foreign countries who areexhibiting at St . Louis

,they all manifest an interest in our exposition

and say to us that they have no question whatever that if the UnitedStates will give this exposition of ours maintenance and suppO I t theywill also ask to transfer no inconsiderable part Of their exhibits ther .eMany expositions have received such aid as we ask

,but no one

,gen

en of the committee , on the western side of the continent . As Isay ,

W e shall easily Obtain the exhibits that many countries will havethis year at St . Louis if the Congress will Show its approval of our

exposition by the act we solicit .Here

,Mr . Chairman and gentlemen of the committee

,we confidently

say is an undeI tak ing of national interest and importance . It willcommemorate an eve

a

nt among the greatest in the expansion of theUnited States ; and more than this , note the position in which it hasplaced us in the new development of international commerce on the ,

Pacific . The active th eater of the world’s new effort is now in Asiaand western America . The two hemispheres

,heretofore in commu

nication only across the At lantic,are now rapidly developing an inter

course over the Pacific . FO I ty to fifty steamships now sail regulaI lybetween our Pacific ports and the ports of the O I Ient and of trampsteamers and sailing vessels a large and continually growing fleet .Pressure of Russia and of other nations upon China and Japan is creating a prodigious activity and is sure to result in vast transformationsthere . England , France , and Germany have their spheres of activ einfluence in that same enormous field . Doubtless there will be wars

,

in which,however

,we shall hope no t to be obliged to participate .

Bu t we can no t be indifferent to events in a movement that includesmore than one - half the human race . W e are in the Philippine Islandsourselves— ah incomparable station for Observation and commerce .

Participation in the results that are to come from the transformationof the Orient will be had through the ports o f our Pacific Statesthe way stations en route to lands across the Pacific .

Of this mighty development now just beginning to appear , our

country should take all proper advantage . It means a commerce onthe Pacific which will rival that of the Atlantic . It means mightyindustrial and commercial progress for our States of the western sideof the continent .

‘

Where now are five millions of people there may befifty millions by the close o f this century

,with every kind of intellectual

and moral development comparable with the material prosperity .

W e submit that the undeI taking wh ich we commend to y our con

sidei ation may be useful,and highly useful

,in stimulation of this

activity and,in some sort

,in direction of it . It will draw attention

to the possibilities that lie with in our States on the Pacific,and to the

LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSIT ION .

position they give the United States in relation to the changes anddestinies of the eastern world . W e commemorate the initial and leading event In a series of events of importance unsurpassed In the historyof the United States— full as this history is of great events . And

,

looking to the future,as the two hemispheres touch each other on the

Pacific , O I across the Pacific , there is material for prophecy beyondthe most vivid imagination . That future is begun already. It ismanifest

,it presses

,and it remains for us of America to seize it

,to

bear our part of it . W e propose o ur exposition both as an incidentand as an agent of this coming greatness . To your attention wecommend it .M r. MYERS . Mr . Cushman

,is it no t a fact that . in your State of

W ashington the bill for the State appropriation was vetoed for thereason that you exceeded the amount o f your revenues in appropriations ? Is not that practically the greatest reason why it was vetoed ?Mr . CUSHMAN . No ; I do not think that was the reason . The reason

,

I think,has been fairly stated by M I . Scott . There was a very bitter

feeling engendered duI ing the sessions o f the legislature . I do no t

recall the specific grounds upon which the governor based his veto,

but the general feeling out there was that the political dissensions tosome extent

,at least

,governed In the mattei o f this general blanket

veto .

Mr . MYERS . My recollection is that there was something aboutexceeding the amount of the revenue .

Mr . CUSHMAN . I do not recall . It may be possible that that wasthe express g

g round put forward by the gov e I nO IMr . MYERS . I was under that Impression .

Mr . CUSHMAN . But I am sure Mr . Scott Is correct in saying that tosome extent local political considerations entered into the matter

,and

I do not th ink there is any doubt that the coming legislature in our

State that will meet just about one year from now,will make a gen

croms appropriation for this fair , approximating at least , I think,$100 000 . That is my personal judgment at any rate .

Mr . W YNN . Is it no t a fact that there was certain legislation thatthe govc i nor was opposed to , which was inserted In the appropI iationbill

,and it eitheI meant the signing of that entire bill and the adop

tion of legislation which he was opposed to or cutting the whole thingout vetoing it al l

,and taking the responsibility .

Mr . CUSHMAN . I think that Is corI ect .

M r. BARTLETT . IS it not a fact that the State government is nowpract ically running without a budget — in other words without appropriations ?

Mr . CUSHMAN . To some extent ; yes .

Mr . RODENBERG . Is there any constitutional provision in your Stateconstitution which would prevent the appropriation o f money fromthe State revenues ? A great many of the State constitutions l imit thepower of indebtedness .

M . CUSHMAN . They limit the power of indebtedness in our State,

but there is nothing in the const itution that pI oh ibits the making of

an appropriation o f this character,provided we are within the consti

tutional limits of the indebtedness In making the appropi iation .

Mr . SCOTT . You are at St . Louis now with an appropriation ?Mr . CUSHMAN . That is correct .

12 LEW IS AN D CL ARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION .

STATEM ENT OF W . L . BOISE , OF PORTLAND, OREG .

Mr . BO ISE . Mr . Chairman and gentlemen o f the committee,the

amendments which Mr . Scott referred to in this bill , as they amountin several places to a mere change o f words to make it all in accordancewith the general design of the bill

,are simply twofold in importanc e .

The first amendment is this,as provided in

"

the first part of. the bill :In case there was a dispute

,a committee o f arbitration was provided

for,two o f whom should be appointed by the Government , two by

the State commission,and two by the local corporation . If they

could not agree they were to choose a seventh arbitrator. That , ofcourse

,virtually gave the power

,in case of arbitration

,into the hands

o f our local committees . It was thought best by Senator Mitchell andSenator Fulton "Senator Fulton being a member of the ExpositionCommittee and having this bill in charge for report to the Senate". thatthis power should be vested in the National Government and in thecommission appointed under this bill . So that was changed , and incase of any dispute arising two were to come from the national commission and one from each of the others

,and in case they could '

no t

agree the fifth member was to be selected by the Secretary of theTreasury , which gave the control to the national exposition committeeappointed by the President under this bill .The CHAIRMAN . And that follows the provision in the Louisiana

purchase exposition bill ?Mr . BOISE . Yes .

Mr . MYERS . That is,the amendment does .

Mr . BOISE . Yes ; the amendment . The committee yesterday madea unanimous favorable report in the Senate upon this bill

,and that

has been ordered printed . A S soon as it is printed we will see that thebill as amended is submitted here

,and those amendments are per

fectly agreeable to our people .

The other amendment was with reference to the Sunday ma tter .

Several letters have been received from different religious denominations with reference toThe CHAIRMAN . At the instance o f Mr . Crafts here in W ash ingtonMr . BOISE . Yes ; so that , at the suggestion of a member of the Sen

ate committee , it was provided in a little different way . It appearsthat our people out home, especially the laboring people

,are very

anxious to view the exposition grounds upon Sunday,and so a provi

sion was put in th is bill to the effect that no machinery that operat edthe different exhibits should be used upon that day

,but that mere l y the

machinery used for the electric lighting,which would be necessary

Should be used,and that no places o f amusement should be opened

and that devotional exercies should be held by the different denominations each Sunday during the exposition and a sacred concert givenThat was the position taken by the Senate committee on that question

,rather than to require the absolute closing of the gates .

The CHAIRMAN . Is that satisfactory to the Reverend Mr. Crafts,

here in W ashington,who styles himself a “ Christian lobbyist ? ”

Mr . BOISE . I am not sure as to that , Mr . Chairman,but that was

what the Senate committee agreed to .

Mr . BARTLETT . W ould thatmake re ligious exercises compulsory ?Mr . BOIES . Yes Sir.

Mr . BARTLETT . W hether they want it or not ?


Mr . BOIES . I do no t think there will be any trouble about gettingthem to do it .Now

,gentlemen

,I will only take up your time for just a few min

utes . W'

e confidently ask for your assistance in this matter for the

reason that the expedition o f Lewis and Clark was national in everyrespect . It was inaugurated b y a confidential message sent by

"

President Jefferson to “Congress asking for an appropriation to defray theexpenses of it o n the grou nd that it was to be for discovery and exploration and finding a way by what he\ then thought might be a waterroute across the continent ; that is , to whatever river on the other sideo f the Rocky Mountains might communicat e with the Pacific Ocean .

He placed in charge of this expedition his own private secretary , whowas made a captain in the Regu lar Army of the United States . Captain Lewis called to his assistan ce Captain Clark , who had previouslybeen an officer of the United States and he was again commissioneda captain in th e Regular Army .

The men who went upon the journey with them with th e exceptiono f one or two voyagers and cooks

,were all practically volunteers from

theRegularArmy,so that this expedition was national in every respect

,

and they were sent with present s to give to the Indians,messages t o

the Indians,and brought back with them to W ashington some o f the

Indian chiefs,or at any rate one of the Mandan chiefs , so as to create

a friendly relation ship .

So,as I say

,this was national in every respect and the result of it,

was national . The result o f it was the acquisition o f a vast territoryin itself . The Oregon territ ory

,even after the compromise measures ,

after the line was reduced,still had an area of over square

miles,including all o f the Stat es of W ashington

,Oregon

,an d

“ Idahoand

'

about one quarter of the State of Montana and about a like proportion o f the State o f W yoming . A S Mr . Scott has already explained

,

it also placed us upon the Pacific Ocean,and therefore the acquisition

of California and the acquisition of Alaska have since followed in thewake of thisexploration .

It no t only brought us this country,b ut it was no t a burden upon

the United States . As Shown in the speech o f Senator Mitchell,it

has a lready cont ributed to the National Treasury over inexcess of all money that has been expended upon that count ry by t heGovernment of the United States . According to the statistics submitted in the speech of Senator Fulton

,that country is to - day produc

ing a_

year in precious minerals , and in farm and dairyproducts and manufactures it is producing over annually .

In addition to that , we have the largest amount of standing timberleft anywhere in the Temperate zones of the world . The Governmentreports

”

Showbetween four hundred billion and five hundred billionfeet . That timber alone when marketed will be worth between six

and seven and a half billion dollars . In addition to that,the mineral ‘

wealth of that country has hardly been touched . Everywhere theyare opening up new mining countries , and t his annuallythat is now produced will be largely exceeded in the next few years .

Now,one more matter . It seems strange

,but yet it is a faCt

,that in

the development o f the world this litt le country is the last to be developed . California

,by reason of the gold discovery

,has been much

more largely settled,its resources much more largely developed ; but

this little old original Oregon country is the last section '

of the earth


in the Temperature zones Where people can comfortably live where theresources are not developed to - day . Civilization commenced on theother shores of the Pacific

,and in A Sia

'

there is the thickest populatedsection of the earth . Y o u follow across Europe and across the UnitedStates

,and it is the same thing ; but this little country alone remains

the last section of the eart h , as I say , in the Temperate zones where theresources are not developed ; and I say to you ,

gentlemen,and confi

d ently ,that not one—tenth of the resources of that country are yet

developed . I II fact,we can produce ten times as much as our present

figures show,and we can sustain ten times as large a population as we

have to - day in the Oregon country .

I want to say this : W here you have held and aided these otherexposit ions

,they have mostly been in sections o f the United States

where the resources o f the country have already been developed . Itis a very different proposition in our country . You will Open theeyes o f the world to what we have in the Old Oregon country . Y ou

will hasten the settlement o f that country,and the money that you

appropriate here to assist us Shall be returned to you tenfold in avery few years in the increased customs and internal - revenue receipts .

The CHAIRMAN . If you will pardon me , the Governmen t has neverappropriated money to aid in any exposition except the Centennia lExpo sition

,Philadelphia

,again at Chicago and at St . Louis

,other

than for the purpose of erecting its own building,and to make its

own exhibit,for participation in local expositions

,the same as the

States .Mr. BOISE . I understand that

,Mr . Chairman

,but what I mean to

say is that all these expositions , whether the Government directlyaided them or whether it afterwards assisted them

,have been in parts

o f the country where the resources have been developed . That wasmy point .The CHAIRMAN. I thought you were under the impression that these

minor expositions have been authorized by Congress .

Mr . BOISE . This will result in practical benefit to the United States .I do not mean to criticise the other expositions . I feel that the otherswere perfectly proper . This is the greatest country in the world , andit should celebrate the great epochs in its history and important eventsin its history . I do no t see any reason why it should not do so

, but Isimply say that we can guarantee to you that you will get some returnfrom this .

This Lewis and Clark expedition gav e us the great harbor of PugetSound .

“I doubt if there is any harbor in the world that equals it . Itgave us the Columbia River . Columbia River

,together with its trib

utaries , is to - day navigable for miles,and along the banks of that

river grows everything that can be produced , practically , in the temperate zone

,and so far without fertilization .

Then the Columbia River is navigable for deep - water vessels fromits mouth for about 115 miles

,I think

,to Portland . It is a fresh -water

port . The barnacles that are gathered on vessels on an incoming ‘voy

age are dropped there,which hastens their voyage to o ther parts of

“the world .

W e have a great country there where this can all be brought together .

I t is all susceptible of development,and within the last few years the

different transcontinental railroads of the c ountry have been Openedinto that country

,so that everything we have there is now ready , if

LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXP O S I'I

‘

I O N . 15

we only had the people to develop its great resources . To use theexpression of another

,The gates o f the matchless harbors of the

Pacific Ocean will never swing outward to an emigrant going to anybetter land than this .

”

Now,what

,as a nation

,do we owe to the memory of Lewis and

Clark for their grand achievement ? W hen they started on theirj ourney Charette , the home o f Daniel Boone , was the last white settlement toward the west , just a little way above St . Louis . By reasono f their expedition , and immediately upon their return

,different

“

trapping parties and exploration parties and parties for the settlement ofthe country commenced to start from St . Louis into the countrybetween the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains ; so that h ot onlydid they discover the Oregon country

,but

,by reason of their reports

on this other country,which had heretofore no t been explored

,they

greatly hastened the development o f the country between the Mississippi and the Rocky M ountains .

In addition to that,as soon as they had left th is settlement

,they

plunged into an unknown country,inhabited by W ild bands o f Indians

,

speaking unknown tongues,and they traveled o n their j ourney

,going

and coming, over miles . Fortunately for themselves and forthat country

,no t one of the party was killed during the j ourney . But

o ne death resulted,and that was from natural causes ; but I do no t

bel ieve that in history any expedition of greater hazard was everundertaken

,and certainly none ever resulted more successfully .

To giv e you some idea of what the people thought about that Ijust want to read a little extract from President Jefferson’s letter toCaptain Lewis . He said :AS you will be with out money , clothes, or provisions you must endeavor to use

th e credit of th e Un ited States to obtain them ,forwhich purpose Open letters of

creditwill be furn ished to you,authorizing you to draw on th e Executiv e of th e Un ited

States, or any of its officers, in any part of th eworld on which drafts can be disposedof, and to apply with

'

our recommendations to th e consuls, agents,merchan ts , or

citizens of any nation with which we have intercourse, assuring them in our name

that any aids theymay furn ish you sh all be honorably repaid,and on demand . O ur

consuls, Thomas H ewes, at Batav ia, in Java , W illiam Buchanan ,in th e Isles of France

and Bourbon,and John M . Elmslie , at th e Cape of Good H ope , will be able to

supply yournecessities by drafts on us.

Further in the letter the President says :To prov ide on th e accident of your death against anarchy and dispersion and th e

consequent dangers to your party and to tal failure of th e enterprise , you are herebyauthorized by any instrument Signed and in your own hand , to name th e personamong them wh o shall succeed to th e command on yourdecease

’

,and by like instru

ments to change th e nomination from time to t ime as further experience of th e characters accompanying you shall point out superior fitness ; and al l th e powers and

authorities given to yourself are , in th e even t of your death , tran sferred to and

v ested in th e successor so named, with furth er power to him and h is successors, in

like manner, to name each h is successorwh o , on th e death of h is predecessor, shallbe invested with al l th e powers and authorities given to yourself .

This only shows you the hazard with which the President regardedthis enterprise . Fortunately now ,

as we look at it,that danger is all

gone by,but that was what was contemplated . The President did no t

know but that they might be driven in the Pacific Ocean by cannibals,

picked up by a vessel and landed in a foreign country , or where theymight go , or how many might be killed .

The old saying,that W estward th e star o f empire takes its way

,

was made many years ago ; but do you realize , members of the com

16 LEW IS A ND CL ARK CENTENN I AL EXPOSITION .

mittee,that it can go no f arther in a temperate zone ? Civilization

commenced on theother shore of the Pacific Ocean,and when Lewis

and Clark pitched their tents on the sunset shore of our great countrythe star o f empire on the mainland could go no farther: They crossedthe last mountain and unfurled our flag on the last shore of the greatest ocean on earth to greet the onward march of civilization ; andthere it floats t o—day

,beckoning and welcomingmen o f brain and brawn

,

men o f capital and industry,to come and h elp d evelop its wonderful

and matchless resources and Share in bounties that nature has therepro vided for mankind to enj oy .

Mr . Chairman and members of the committee,we beseech you

beg of you to give ourrequest the patriotic consideration which our section’s past historical and commercial importance we firmly and sincerelybelieve entitle it to receive at your hands .

The CHAIRMAN . Gentlemen,it is evident we can not complete this

hearing to—day . The president of the Oregon commission,Mr . Myers ,

is here,and I know the committee would like to hearhim. Then there

are some details connected with this bill that I do not clearly understandfrom the statements made by the gentleman here to - day

,which may be

cleared up at a future hearing .

Mr . BOISE . Mr . Mondell and Mr . Jones were here this morning,and

several other Congressmen from the Oregon country , and th ey expresseda desire that they might also be heard at some future time .

The CH AIRMAN . I would be glad to continue the hearing this afternoon

,but I am ch airman of the Committee of the W hole House on the

state o f the Union . W e are considering the legislative bill,and that

will probably take all day . To -morrow there is an important hearingbefore the W ays and Means Committee o n a bill that I have intro duced .

W e could go on Saturday morning if that is satisfactory .

Mr . BOISE . Saturday would be very satisfactory to us.

The CHAIRMAN . Then,witho ut obj ection

,gentlemen , we will adjourn

the hearing until 10 o’clock on Saturday .

The committee thereupon adj ourned until Saturday,January 16

,

1904,at 10 o’clock a . m .

W ASHINGTON,D . C.

,January 16 ,

The committee met at 10 o’clock a . m H on . James A . Tawney in‘

the chair .

STATEM ENT ‘

OF JEFFERSON M YERS, PRESIDENT OF THE LEW ISAND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION FOR THE STATE OF

OREGON .

The CHAIRMAN . W e will hear you ,Mr . Myers .

Mr . MYERS . Mr . Chairman and gentlemen of the committee,my

statement will be very brief . I desire to call y our attention to page38 o f Senator Mitchel l’s speech in reference to the amount of appropriation that has been made by the General Government for expo si

"tions . I have copies o f the speech here if you would like to have them .

In that speech he Shows,from figures of the Secretary of the Treasury ,

that about has be en appropriated , not one dollar o fwhich has ever gone to one—half of the area o f this country of ourson the western coast . I merely call your attention to that b ecause

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join


entire ly unnecessary,because if the committee should decide to recom

mend the appropriation for the Government building and the makingof a Government exhibit , then the Government board provided for In

the bill,such as W e have at St.Louis and had at Chicago

,would be

ample to protect and look after the interest s of the Government .The only thing the Government would be doing

,then

,would be

erecting its own building and making its own exhibit ; It wouldthe same participation as that o f the States . On that feature of it Ido no t understand just exactly W hat you people Want . If Mr ; Scottand Mr . Boise were correct in their statements th e other

“

day that itwas governmental partici ation by the erection of Government bhildings and the making o f Government exhibits that is wanted of coursethat would obviate the necessity of any national commission at all . Itwould eliminate that item of expense entirely

,and it wou ld also relieve

the local company from the necessity of having any provision innational act giving jurisdiction over any part Of the exposition to thenational a uth orities . The national authorities would simply go inthere as the States do and look after the Government’s interests .The object of a national commission in the act authorizing the St .

Louis exposition was to protect the rights Of the foreign‘

gov ernmentsthat we had invited

,and also to see that the local corporation did

'

notdo anything that might tend to create friction between the representatives of the foreign governments and the Government of the UnitedStates . That was one of th e principal reasons for thecreation of the

national commission in that instance . Y ou will observe on readingthat law th at the national commission has no authority to expendanymoney ; and it has j oint jurisdiction with the local corporation only inmatters pertaining especially to the foreign ib its . I think Mr .

Sherman and myself are the only two members o f the committee herethis morning who were present when that bill was prepared . It wasto eliminate or obviate the difficulty that was encountered at Chicago

,

growing out of the conflict of jurisdiction between the National Governmen t and the corporation created under a State government , thatthe power of the national commission was limited as itwas in that act .

If the people of Oregon want the Government to participate by theerection of a building and by making its own

'

exhibit,that is one

thing . If you want the Government of the United“ States to authorize

the exposition,which has a lready been authorized b y the State, and

accept grounds,as you have provided in this bill , which grounds have

already been located and selected , and then appropriate'

money,in

addition,to aid in the construction of your exhibit buildings , which

are not Government buildings,of “course that would bring your expo,

sition into an entirely different class from the class of expositions forwhich the Government has heretofore only voted to erect its own building and make its own exhibit . In that class o f expositions

,as I say ,

the Government is merely participating as the States participate . Ofcourse

,if that is what is meant , the bill would have to be entirely dif

ferent from the bill here . Y ou followed the lines o f the bill for theLouisiana Purchase Exposition . I would like

,and I think the mem

bers of the committee would like,to have a more definite understand

ing as to what you people contemplate or what you expect the Government to do in regard to your exposition— whether you want us tomake it an international one and have the Government of

'

the”

UnitedStates invite foreign governments here to participate

,and make the


Government virtually responsible for the expense of the exposition ,or whether you want the Government to partic ipate as the Statesparticipate .

Mr . MYERS . M r. Scott,who is the president of the corporation

,

would no doubt be in a better posit ion to answer that question thanI am.

The CHAIRMAN . Imake this statement at the outset of the hearingso that you gentlemen can direct your attention to it . I did not wantto interrupt you or interfere with any statement yo u desire to maketo the committee

,but I. have been

\

talking to some members o f the

committee and that seems to be their idea , that there is not a clearunderstanding in the minds o f the committee as to the character ofthis exposit ion and as to the part which you desire the GovernmentShould take in giving it . You can go on , o f course , and make thestatement you intended to make , and we will be very glad to hearyou . Then you - can take up t his matter afterwards .

Mr . MYERS . Mr . Chairman,I will say

,in reference to the expo si

tion,that it practically originated with the Oregon Historical Society

some two or three years ago , according to my recollection , and a cor

po rat ion was formed in the city of Portland , under the laws of theState o f Oregon

,to hold the exposition . They afterwards came to

the legislature at its last session,in 1903

,and asked for an appropria

tion from the State o f to aid and assist“

the exposition , whichthe legislature appropriated .

The CHAIRM AN . Pardon me . Have you the act appropriating thatmoney ?Mr . MYERS . I have

,Mr . Chairman . W ith the committee’s permis

sion I will include it in my remarks .

In 1903 the legislature appropriated this sum of money and directedthe governor to appoint a commission , which I have the honor to represent

,for the expenditure o f that money . The State reserves in this

act a certain control over the management o f the exposition by theprivate corporation in such a way that there wou ld be no questionabout its being handled for the best interests o f all exhibitors or parties interested . That is practically about the situation .

The CHAIRMAN . Let me suggest right here that there“

is anotherconflict that would have to be reconciled . If the Government o f theUnited States should authorize this exposition , which the State hasalready authorized , the State having reserved the right to control themanagement o f the exposition

,it seems to me you would have a con

flict between State and national authority if this bill is enacted . I tmight lead to some complications that would be very embarrassing tothe local authorities as well as to the Federal Government .Mr . MYERS . I would not think SO

,Mr . Chairman

,under the act

The CHAIRMAN"I do no t see how you could very well have anexposition managed under the supervision o f the State and also at thesame time under the supervision o f the National Government . Noneo f these expositions

,neither the Centennial

,the exposition at Chicago

nor the exposition at St . Louis,was managed in that way .

Mr . W ILLIAMSON . Mr . Chairman IS there not a j oint comm issionprovided for in this bill ?The CHAIRMAN . No ; not in this bill , but the State has already

authorized the exposition and has reserved to itself the right of superv ISIon .


Mr . W ILLIAMSON . Is there no t a provision in this bill forand management ?The CHAIRMAN . No ; only so far as the beard of arbitra

cerned . There is a board o f arbitration provided for .

Mr . W ILLIAMSON . I can not name the section but I thwas provided for .

The CHAIRM AN . In case of any conflict between the looment and the State commission and the national commissioboard of arbitration can settle that conflict

,and

shall be final .Mr . W ILLIAMSON . W hat other contingencies coThe CHAIRMAN . I do not know whether this wo

State had accepted it . I do not think it would bS tate until the legislature had acted upon it .Mr . W ILLIAMSON . Could any question arise as t

would accept the appropriation of the Governmenth ere to assure you they would .

The CHAIRMAN . The United States is not making approStates .

Mr . SCOTT . It is no t asked to do so .

The CHAIRMAN . It has no authority to do anything of thMr . SCOTT . If I may be permitted , Mr . Chairman— w

The CHAIRMAN . G O ahead .

Mr . SCOTT . O ur plan was simple . The idea,it seems to me

,was

Simple . Possibly we have offered it and dealt with it in not the bestway . The idea was to have the United States participate in thisexposition with its own exhibits

,for which provision is mad e

,and

also to invite the participation of foreign countries in it,particularly

to the end that we might be able to lay something before cthe people

exhibiting this year at St . Louis a nd induce them to move their exhibits to Portland .

There can be no conflict,as I conceive between the State and the

General Government,for the reason that they will have very little to

do with each other and nothing at all to do with each other’s financesin this matter . The United States is Simply asked to erect a buildingor buildings there and then a sum o f money is to be appropriated bythis "bill

,with power to cause these exhibits of the United States to

be made and to assist to any desirable extent in the placing of exhib itsof foreign countries . It will be wholly under the commissioners o f

the United States appointed by the bill .The CHAIRMAN . Mr . Scott is it necessary to have a national commis

sion and a Government board both ? That is very expensive machinery .

Mr . SCOTT . Perhaps not .The CHAIRMAN . If you contemplate merely governmental participa

tion,then the easiest way and the simplest way and the most sat is

factory way for the local exposition management and the Stat e of

Oregon would be to have the Government buildings and the Government exhibits made under the direct supervision and control of t h eGovernment board which is provided for in your bill .

SCOTT . Leaving out t he commissioners altogeth eThe CHAIRMAN . Leaving out the commission entirely . I do not see

the necessity for the commission .

Mr .

“ SCOTT . Very well . W hat we want is the result.The CHAIRMAN . I do no t see the necessity for a national commission .


If you can point out to me or to the committee wherein a nationalcommission would be necessary to protect the interests of the Government in addition to the Government board

,of course we would be

very glad to hear what reasons you have for asking for a nationalcommissIo n .

, M r. SCOTT . The reasons that lay in the minds of the persons whodrew the bill I can not explain

,because I had no hand at all in drawing

the bill . If,however

,a Government board is adequate and there is

no need of commissioners,by no means let us have commissioners .

The CHAIRMAN . I can not see the necessity of it .Mr . BARTLETT . Mr . Scott

,permit me to make this suggestion ; The

bill seems to be drawn on the idea of having the United States do in thiscase what it has done in the case o f the Louisiana Purchase Expositionand the Chicago exposition . The bill

;

we passed here in regard to theLouisiana Purchase Exposition was the inception of the matter . Y ou

have already begun the work,and the main idea

,I thought before I

read the bill,was to have the Government Simuply aid in holding that

exposition and not to begin it and control it .

Mr . SCOTT . The idea is to have the Government participate in it .The CHAIRMAN . That is what I understood from your statement the

other day .

Mr . SCOTT . And then to participate in it in a way that would attractthe attention of foreign countries . A provision is made for notice inthat way in the bill to foreign nations .

The CHAIRMAN . The idea is to have the Government aid in makingit a success by erecting its own buildings and exhibits and in this waygive your exposit ion national recognition ?Mr . SCOTT . The obj ect of the board o f arbitration there is to enable

the United States commissioners or board of control,whoever has

control o f it on the part of the United States,to get together with our

people as to the selection of a site .

The CHAIRMAN . That is what the board of control under the St . Louisbill has power to do

,and the national commiss ion has nothing at all to

do with the selection of a Site for Gov ernment buildings or the Sitethe Government is to occupy .

Mr . SCOTT .

‘W e did not mention the cooperation for a selection o f aSite . Provision is made for the appointment of four persons t o makethis adjustment to suit the commission or the Government board ofcontrol .The CHAIRMAN . I think what the committee wi ll wan t to do

,if it

does anything with respect to the matter,is to have the Government

participate in your exposition,which the State has authorized and has by

legislation expressly reserv ed to itself the right of general supervision .

If you create a national commission , giving it supervision in connectionwith State supervision

, you will have a complication , a dual authoritythat may lead to serious trouble . W ith a provision of this kind itwould be difficult if no t impossible to pass your bill in the House .

I did not know, until these hearings commenced , that the State has

authorized the exposition . They have appropriated money for theaiding and carrying it o This bill contemplates that the

authorize to be done that whichalso provides that -the nationalhas already been selected andThe Sta te has also reserved


to its elf the right,it seems from” the‘ statement o f Mr . Myers

,of general

supervision over the exposition . The exposition is therefore broughtwithin that class of expositions at which theGovernment o f the UnitedStates has participated only by the erection of its own building and themaking of its own exhibit .Mr . SCOTT . W e do not desire or expect to have any control over

the Government operations there . That is not our idea,I think . W e

have desired the United States to make its own exhibit and control itsown affairs exclusively there

,but we have reserved to ourselves the

right to regulate the admissions and one thing and another on thegrounds , if that is proper .

Mr . HERMANN. Mr . Chairman,according to the view you take of it ,

which I think perhaps is justified by a correct reading o f the bill,

there would no t only be a surplus authority there,but there would be

worse than that— a conflict o f authority .

The CHAIRMAN . Undoubtedly .

Mr . HERMANN . But let me make this suggestion: Could no t theGovernment commission confine itself within those duties alone whichwould appertain to the expenditure of the Government money and theexhibition of the Government property there ?The CHAIRMAN . The board of control

,which is also provided for in

this bill,wou ld have exclusive charge and jurisdiction of that

,just the

same as it has in St . Louis . The national commission has nothingwhatever to do with the expenditure of the money appropriated bythe Government of the United States for the erection of its buildingsand the making of its exhibit at St . Louis . The national commissionhas no authority over that at all . The Government board is createdby taking one man from each department o f the Government here

,

and it has exclusive charge and jurisdict ion .

Mr . HERMANN. I was about to make a suggestion,but you have

answered it,Mr . Chairman .

The CHAIRMAN. A S I Said before you came in,I can see no necessity

for a national commission and a board o f control .Mr . HERMANN . It would be double authority .

The CIIAIRM AN . It would be double authority , and it is an'

expen

ive machinery . If the authors of this bill had taken ‘

the Buffalo billthey would have found that that comes very much nearer meetingwhat they want than the St . Louis bill , because the St

‘

. Louis bill prov ided for a commission of an entirely different class . The Buffalobill applies to that class o f expositions that the Government has aided ,and your exposit ion I think

,properly falls under that class . Th

was h o national commission for any o f these expositions except theCentennial

,the Chicago exposition

,and at St . Louis :

Mr . HERMANN . But the Government was represented through the ‘

officers of its several departmen ts .

The CHAIRMAN . Certainly . The Government was represented bythis board of control at all the other expositions .

M r. BOISE . Just let me make one suggestion with reference to it ,Mr . Chairman

,that has come to me during this discussion . Of course

there is one feature that is distinctive with reference to our eXposi

tion . This is a Pacific coast exposition,and we want to have the par

ticipation as large as possible of the Pacific coast countries therein .

Japan has already been there with a commissioner and said they wouldtake their entire exhibit from St . L ouis to Portland and erect a large


building there . China has done the same thing,and this bill provides

,

o f couI se for the commissioners to do it , but we ask for an appropriation fer the purpose of making the exhibits of Alaska , of Hawaii , ando f the Philip

pines at Portland . These countries will all have Ih ade

exhibits at St . Louis , and they can be transferred there .

CHAIRMAN . That is Government pai ticipation . That wouldnecessarily be included In any appropriation

,the same as we provided

fo i at St . Louis . W e have appi opriated money foran Alaskan exhibitat St . Louis

, but it is all under either a special commissioner of theGovernment or the Government board . Likewise we make an appro

priation for the Indian Territory exhibit , and we have also appropriated money to aid In the Philippine exhibit .M I . BARTLETT . And also In the exhibit o f the colleges aided by the

Government .The CHAIRMAN. Yes ; the agricultural colleges . W e appi opriated

for their use . All of that comes under the Governmentboard o f control , and the national commission has absolutely nothingto do eitheI with any o f the Territorial buildings , which are eI ected

andei authority of the National Government , or with any of the Territorial exhibits that me made under the authority and by the aid ofthe appropI iationof money from the Federal TI easury . That Is alldOne either by a special commiss ion

,in the case of Alaska and the

Indian Territory,in which case the law expressly provides that it Shall

be done by direction of the Secretary of the Interior , or by the Government board .

Mr . BOISE . I was only calling attention to these facts . A S long asthese can be taken care of we are pei fect ly satisfied . .W e do no t wantto load the bill down . I want to mention only one o theI matter . Thebill provides for the President of the United States to invite thesefo i eign countries to participate . Of couI se

,we have alreadymade a con

si ilerab le investigation o f that through our commissioner at St . Louis,

and In discussing this matter with the reprO SP Il td tH es o f foreign countries

,they have neaI ly all signified a desire to come , and said they

would participate . As to the means o f accomplishing this,of course

,

if it can be accomplished as suggested by the chairman we are perfectlysatisfied

,but those me the things we are anxious about .

The CHAIRMAN . They can all be accomplished without a nationalcommission . Now

,in regaI d to the invitation to fO I eign nations to

participate . There Is one obj ection , I fear , the State Department willmake . Foreign governments

,upon the invitation of the United States

,

have already expended mO I e money,or provided for the expenditure

of more money,for the St . Louis exposition than the governments of

the world have ever appropriated heretofore for any exposition ; andwhether the State Department or the President will feel justified or

will not be more or less embarrassed in extending an invitation— thatis

,its fOrmal invitation— to a go veI nment for participation

,in view of

the necessity for their making fuI ther expenditure In th e year following immediately after the St . Louis exposition , is a matteI to be conS idei ed . Then there IS this additional fact that has to be taken intoconsideI ation . W hen the GoveI n

'

ment of the United States invitesforeign gov eI nments to participate and make exh ibits o f their productsand I eso urces , it is morally bound to furnish the necessary space fo ithat exhibit . You can no t put any limitation upon them .

Mr . SCOTT . And transportation also,perhaps .

24: LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION .

The CHAIRMAN . No ; not transportation . One of the difficulties atSt . Louis with foreign governments is the fact that they have all beeninvited to participate , and there was no restriction or limitation putupon the amount of Space that they were to have for the purpose ofmaking the exh ibits which ' they had been asked to make . The conse

quence has been that their demands for space have been so great thatthe exposition management were obliged to build three additionalexhibit palaces and increase the size of its ground 100 per cent .Mr . SCOTT . And hence exhaust their fund ?The CHAIRMAN . They have exhausted their fund and

,of course

,it

creates a moral obligation on the part of the Government to make thatgood in some way

,on account of the expense incurred by reason of

the exhibits that are being made by foreign governments upon theinvitation of our Government .Mr . BOISE . In answer to just one proposition submitted by the

chairman I want to say that as to the embarrassment. that the Secretary or the President might feel with reference to the matter

,the

President of the Uni-ted States has already in his message stated thatthis exposition is worthy o f national recognition and national aid . Iwould like to quote his words . He says :Th e Lewis and Clark expedition across th e con tinent marked th e beginning of th eprocess of exploration and colon ization which thrust our national boundaries to th ePacific . Th e acquisition of th e Oregon country, including th e present States of O regon ,

W ashington ,and Idaho

And it also included part of Montana and W yoming

was a fact of immense importance in our history , first giv ing us our place on th e

Pacific seaboard , and making ready th e way of ourascendancy in th e commerce of

th e greatest of th e oceans . Th e centenn ial of our establishmen t on th e west coast

by th e expedition of Lewis and Clark is to be celebrated at Portland,O reg .

,by an

exposition in th e summer of 1905 , and this event should receive recognition and support from th e National Government .

I therefore say that the Government,so far as concerns its hesitancy

,

has already committed itself to the point that the exposit ion Shouldreceive national recognition and support

,and the President has assured

us that he wants to see us have it , and that he wants to invite the foreigh countries to participate . He has told us that .The CHAIRMAN. If the committee should follow o ut the suggestion

made by you gentl emenat the hearing the other day and th is morning ,we would be complying strictly with the President’s message by recognizing the exposition and appropriating money for the erection o f

buildings and an exhibit,and we would be doing

,in fact

,all that has

been asked . It seems to me that the participation by the foreign governments that are now at St . Louis could be obtained through yourState commission , if the Government of the United States recognizesyour exposition to the extent of appropriating money for its ownbuildings and its own exhibit there . Of course

,it makes it to that

extent'

a national exposition,and through your State commission

these invitations could be extended to the governments that areexhibiting at St . Louis . I can readily see that there may be someembarrassment felt on the part of the executive department of theGovernment in extending these invitations following immediately uponthe courteous reception which our invitations to foreign governmentsto participate at St . Louis have received .

Mr . W ILLIAMSON. I think it would be proper that we should do that .


following table compares the products o f the Oregon countat the taking o f its fi I st census in 1850 with the totals o f the census of1900 and shOws the enormous growth of the intervening fifty years :

Product .

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

L ive stockO rch ard productsM anufactures

I herewith submit a report from the M anufacturers’A sso ciation

and the Chamber o f Commerce from the city of Portland , in the Stateo f Oregon , of the natural resources of that State for the year 1903, asfollows :

W h eat,corn . h ay ,

potatoes, hops, barley , vegetables, etcW ool and mohairSales of stockButter, cheese , and milkPoultry and eggsFruitsColumbia River salmon pack

, O regon coast streams and bays fi sh and

Shellfish, consumed locally and Shipped abroad 3

,500 , 000

Timber and forest products , poles , ties , cordwood , h ard wood , etc . "notincluded In statistics of manufacturers"

M anufactures, including lumberGold , Silver, borax , coal , etc

Total output of O regon farms, orchards, ranges, and factorIes 208,387, 000

The above statement will indicate something o f the grOwth of theOregon country for th e past fifty yeaI s .

That I believe the immensity of the trans Pacific world and theopportunity it pI esents to us must make a deep impression upon allAmericans . Asia and Oceania comprise more than squaremiles

,or over one - third o f the total area o f the earth . The popula

tion is nearly 850 ormore than one half of that of the world .

China and its dependencies,Japan

,Asiatic Russia

,and Korea hay e

o veI inhabitants,O I five times the total population of the

United States and its possessions . Asia and the islands of the Pacificannual ly buy and sell goods valued at $2 ,900 ,000 , 000 ; a larger amountby$400 ,000 ,000 than the total o f the imports and exports at San Francisco in the fO I ty seven years between July 1, 1855 , and JuneIf the United States should buy f I om Asia and Oceania all its importsand sell to Asia and Oceania all it exports

,it would exhaust the sum

total of its fO I eign commerce,and Asia and Oceania

,to meet their

requ Irements , would have to go into the other markets o f the worldwith over $600,000 ,000 W O I th of commodities a y ear .

In other words,As ia and Cocama can

‘buy and sell

”the United

States,as the saying is,without seriously d isturbing the equilibrium

o f their commerce . In its relation to this vast trade field,the\United

186 , 459

690 357

8 , 876 , 056

6 , 160 , 410do 9

,743

tons 373 3, 045 , 244

pounds 8 21, 548 , 277

do 29 , 686 39 , 949 , 786

value 81 , $83, 106 , 390d o 81, 271 82 , 317 , 735do 62 , 236 , 640 $175 , 000 , 000

Q


States Is now practically an unimportant factor . Of its total importsa little over 14 per cent comes fI om Asia and 17 per cent from Oceania .

Of its exports,Asia takes 4—1 per cent and Oceania no t quite 271; per cent .

The possibilities that are open to the United States In the O I ient areillustrated by the simple citation that if all the wheat raised west ofthe Mississippi River were g I ound into flour for the Chinese trade thec onsumption per Chinaman would no t exceed one pancake per month .

That Immense area lying west of the Mississippi River occupies a faImore important position in the minds of AmeI Icans than it did whenS ixty years ago the provisional government o f the Oregon country wasappealing to Congress for recognition . There are nearly

p eople now where there were less than fifty- three years ago .

Over acres are under cultivation to - day,against

in 1850 . Farm values in the W est in 1900 are 33 times greater thanthey were in 1850

,and in the same peI iod the annual grain used had

grown from 84,

bushels to nearly bushels,and

manufactures had increased fiftyfo ld . Individual deposits in then ational banks west of the Mississippi River In September

,1903

,were

nearly $700,000 ,000, as against less than for that regionin 1850 .

The Lewis and Clark Centennial is an exposition of the entire Pacificcoast States and o f practically all States west of the Rocky Mountains .

The interests o f all are identical,all o f which established the United

States on the Pacific Ocean and made it a world power .

The following copy from ‘

President Roosevelt’s message to the Fiftyeighth Congress is as follows :Th e expedition of Lewis and Clark across th e continen t marked th e begInn Ing of

t h e process of exploration and co lonization which thrust our national boundaries tot h e Pacific . Th e acquisition of th e O regon country , including th e presen t States ofO regon and W ashington

,was a fact of immense importance in our history , first giv

ing us our place on th e Pacific seaboard and making ready th e way for our ascendancy in th e commerce of th e greatest of th e oceans . Th e centenn ial of our establishment upon th e western coast by th e expedition of Lewis and Clark is to be celebratedat Portland , O reg .

, by an exposition in th e summer o f 1905 , and l'

th is event Shouldreceive recogn ition and support from th e National Gov ernment .

Al so the following resolutionwas passed unanimously by the NationalD emocratic Committee January 12

,1904

,at W ashington City :

W hereas it h as been due chiefly to th e far- seeing purposes of eminent Democraticstatesmen that th e territorial boundaries of th e Un ited States hav e been extended

,

from th e limits that marked them at th e time o f th e formation of th e Constitution,

beyond th e M ississippi and across th e con tinent to th e Pacific O cean ,and

W hereas it was Thomas Jefferson ,apo stle of American Democracy and father of

th e DemocI atic party , wh o carried through th e purchase o f th e Louisiana Territory ,

which brought to us th e country from th e M ississippi River to th e Rocky M ountains ;and

W hereas it was Thomas Jefferson also wh o originated and prov ided th e means for

th e Lewis and Clark expedition through which , followed b y enterprise of our pio

neers , th e domain of th e Un ited States was extended from th e Rocky M ountains toth e Pacific O cean, from W hose ports we may now have contro lling influence in th e

commerce of th e O rien t : Therefore ,Resolved ,

‘Th at we recurwith feelings o f patriotic satisfaction to these achievementso f Democracy and commend th e exposition to be held In 1904 at St . Louis

,M o .

, and

in 1905 at Portland , O reg .,in commemoration of these actions and even ts, to th e atten

t ion o f th e people of th e Un ited States.

These indorsements from the heads of both the great political part ies certainly leaves no doubt o f the great interest for a proper consideration to be given to the Lewis and Clark Exposition by theNational Government .


That in view of the fact that the Government of the United S tatesis no t now getting its part of the immense trade of the oriental countries

,we believe this exposition o ffers an opportunity that will be of

great educational advantage to every citizen of the United States tothat end

,and that an early exploration is vastly important to obtain

for this Government its part of said trade that is now open to all thepowers of the world . Should England pass a tariff law prohibitingthe American manufacturer from competing with their manufacturersere would certainly be no other market open -to the American trade

to dispose of our surplus equal to the oriental country .

The commission which I have the honor to represent for the Stateo f Oregon is appointed by the governor o f said State appropriating

for the aid o f the Lewis and Clark Exposition and is no n

political .It is composed of 11 members

,5 o f them Republicans and 0

Democrats .

Before we came to W ashington,we were told of the difierent men

that mak e up this committee . W e came here to W ashington and became acquainted with you gentlemen . W e find you are a splendidlot of citizens . Y ou want to do everything you

“

can and there is no

trouble whatever in approaching you . There are no horns or thorns.

about you . It is a fact that if we expect to increase our trade in theoriental countries

,we must become acquainted with the conditions .

and the people in those countries,in order to do business . There

certainly is no way on earth by which you can arrange an acquaintance with the business men o f those countries better than through an

exposition . I am satisfied that the trade which to - day is increasingvery rapidly from the city of Portland to oriental countries , has beenbrought about by intercourse and c lo ser acquaintance and relationShip with these people .

Y ou are responsible,as the Congress of the United States

,to the

people for a market for our surplus , if it can be provided . I f weaccumulate in this country more from our manufactures than we consume , we must sell this surplus . W ould . it hurt that vast territory ,which has never appealed to Congress for any assistance in this direction before

,or any portion of the United States

,to have an opportu

nity to go to a western exposition following the St . Louis Exposition ,which will do us a great amount o f good in that and becomebetter acquainted with the business men in China , in Japan , in theocean ic country

,and all through that territory ? It is certainly not a

large amount that we ask for a purpose of that kind .

L ist of steamship s now connected with the oriental tradefrom Portland, Oreg .

Indrasamh a

IndrapuraIndravelli

Clavering

LEW IS AND CLA RK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION .

DESCRIPTIO N O F TH E FLEET .

A thol— British steamer, built at Glasgow in 1901. Gross tonnage,

net ,Length , feet ; beam ,

feet ; depth of b o ld,

feet . Triple compoundengines, 72 inches diameter by 4 8 inches stroke . Carrying capacity ,

tons .

L othian .

—British steamer, built at Glasgow in 1902 . Gross tonnage, net ,L ength , feet ; beam ,

feet ; depth o f b o ld , feet . Triple compoundengines,

“

27—43—72 inches diameter by 4 8 inches stroke . Carrying capacity ,

tons.

Citing W o .

—British steamer, built at Bel fast in 1894 . Gross tonnage , net,

tons . Length , 370 feet ; beam ,feet ; depth of ho ld

,27 feet . Triple com

pound engines,26—42—71 inches diameter by 48 inches stroke . Carrying capacity ,

tons .

Clavering— British steamer, built at Belfast in 1888 . Gross tonnage , net ,

tons . Length , feet ; beam , feet ; depth of hold , feet . Engines,

253—43- 675 inches diameter o f cylinder; 4 8- inch stroke . Carry ing capacity ,tons .

Indrasamha — British steamer, built at Glasgow in 1901. Gross tonnage,

net ,tons . Length , 4 10 feet ; beam , feet ; depth of hold

,

‘

29 . 6 feet . Engines,triple compound

,26—4 4—73inches diameter by 48 inches stroke . Carrying capacity ,

8,500 tons.

Indrapura .

— British steamer, built at Glasgow In 1897 . Gross tonnage , 4 , 899 t ons ;net

,tons. Length , 400 feet beam ,

49 . 2 feet , depth of hold , 28 .3feet . Engines,

triple compound , 26—44—73inches by 48 inches stroke . Carrying capacity , 8 ,000°

tons .

Indravelli .

— British steamer, built at Glasgow in 1897 . Gross tonnage , tons ;net tons. Length , 400 feet ; beam , feet ; depth of hold , feet . Engines,triple compound

,26—44—73 inches diameter; 48 - inch stroke . Carrying capacity,

800 tons.

I herewith submit article from the M 0 1 ning Oregonian o f Januaryat Portland

,Oreg

Th e first big exhibit from th e Far East for th e St . Louis Exposition IS due at

Portland In about ten days on th e Portland and Asiatic liner Indrasamha . It con

s ists of over tons o f Philippine products, old cannon ,and materials for building

a typical Philippine v illage at St . Louis. It is a v ery interesting item on’

th e bigliner’S man ifest

,not on ly for its historic value , but on account of i ts size . As there

is great bulk as well as weight to th e con signment , it will require a greater numberof cars than would be needed for ordinary freight and will require five special trainso f about 30 cars each to haul across th e con tinent . I t will be rushed aboard theset rains immediately on arrival and started eastward with as little delay as possible .

This big item is not th e only‘‘Special train “

con signment that Is coming on th e bigl iner, for Sh e also h as aboard th e largest consignment of silk ev er brought to this port .

I t IS valued at nearly $1, and forthis reason will b e given precedence over th eo ther freight and sen t out by Special express train . Th e ent ire cargo of th e Indrasamhai s th e largest and most valuable that h as ever come to this port . From th e Philippines alone there is over 100 ton s of freight in addition to th e W orld’s Fair exhibit ,and th e freight from H ongkong and Japanese ports brings th e to tal up to nearly

ton s, valued at over Th e Indrapura h as prev iously h eld th e recordfor big inward cargoes, but th e one now coming on th e Indrasamha will be severalhundred tons greater than that of th e Indrapura .

W hile th e Portland and Asiatic liners have always sailed with full outward cargoesthere h as until within th e past few months been some difficulty In securing inwardcargoes . Fortunately for Portland , th e energetic work of th e Portland and Asiaticofficials is beginn ing to Show results, and from presen t indications al l of th e “

Indrason th e line will bring good cargoes inward . Th e China commercial steamerswhicha re to run in connection with th e Portland and Asiat ic liners will on accoun t of theirCentral American business bring v ery little , if any ,

inward cargo, so that practically

al l of th e inward business must be taken care of by th e Portland and Asiatic steamers. In order to keep up with th e growth of this business additional steamers willbe placed on th e route as they are needed . Th e Indrasamha is expected to sail on

.h er outward trip February 1 . A full outward cargo is alreadv engaged .

The foregoing statement is submitted with references to theaddressof Senator Mitchell

,delivered in the United States Senate ;

address of Senator Fulton,delivered in the United States Senate

,

30 LEW IS AND CL ARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION .

statements of Hon . H . .W . Scott . president o f the Lewis and ClarkExposition ; Hon . W . L . Boise

,representing the commercial organiza

t ions of Portland,Oreg .

,and any other information furnished to this

committee . The above statements I take pleasure in referring thecommittee to for further information in the matter of the appropriation by the National Government for the Lewis and Clark Exposition

,to be held in Portland May 1 to November 1 , 1905 .

The CHAIRMAN . I think,Mr . Myers

,I am justified in saying that

,so

far as the importance o f the event and the possible benefits to bederived from the exposition are concerned

,it has sufficiently merited

participation on the part o f the United States . The difiicult y,in my

mind and in the minds of many members of the committee,is in regard

to these things that I suggested at the outset of the hearing . I availedmyself of that opportunity

,so that we might arrive at some common

unders tanding as to the authority under which the exposition is to begiven and just what you expect the United States to do . Your billand your statements are not consistent . It was for that reason that Imade the statement I did make . Y o u contemplate here giving -

an

ex osition,under j oin t authority of the State and the United States

,

an that is something the Government has never done .

Mr . RODENBERG .

“ Is there any intention on

“

the part o f the city ofPortland ; as a city , to issue bonds to raise money to assist in thisexposition ?Mr . MYERS . W e can not do so , Mr . Rodenberg

,under the constitu

tion o f the State . It is prohibited .

Mr . RODENBERG . It is prohibited by your constitution ?Mr . MYERS . Yes

,sir .

Mr . HARRISON. Mr . Myers has said that this exposition was intendedto exh ibit the advance of the whole W estern country . W hat part , ifany ,

does the State o f California intend to take“

in it ?Mr . MYERS . The State of California has already made an appro

priation .

Mr . HARRISON . Of a considerable amount ?Mr . MYERS . Yes ; I think SO . Mr . W ynn

,member of this commit

tee from that State,can tell yo u what it is . I do no t remember the

exact amount .Mr . V

V

YNN . I do not know myself,Mr . Chairman

,what action

California as a State has taken in th e matter,except that I do know

that all the commercial bodies of California,including the Chamber

of Commerce,Manufacturers’Association

,and Merchants’Exchange

,

are heartily in favor Of the exposition .

Mr . MYERS . It seems to be a diffi cu lt question to settle about theamount o f money required and the method of expending this amount .I feel this way about the sum o f money we are asking for . It lookslarge

,and perhaps it is large

,in proportion to the amount of money

which we have already raised for the exposition ; but , gentlemen , thecountry in which we live is not populated l ike the St . Louis country .

Y ou must remember that on the west we have the Pacific Ocean,

yvh ich f urnishes us no support whatever toward the exposition . On“

t he south we have Nevada,with a very small population— some

or On the east we have Idaho,which has a small population

in proportion to its area . Perhaps the State of W ashington is in thebest situation . It has a greater population , by orthan

"

any o f these other States .


Mr . RODENBERG . Still,according to youI statement , you have an

abundance of wealth In that section of the country .

Mr . MYERS . Yes,in propOI tion to our population , we have ; but

the trouble is we have no t the population . Th erefO I e we must askof you all the help you can give us in this matte i .

M r. RODENBERG . W hat is the popu lation of the city of Portland ?M r. MYERS . From to 14 0 , 000 , according to the last reportThe CHAIRMAN . Have you taken into consideration

,Mr . M yers

,the

purposes for which you ask this money ? Y ou are asking for morethan twice as much as the Gov eI nment has appropriated for the samepurpose at St‘

. Louis .

Mr . MYERS . Mr . ChaiIman I have looked over this matter of theappI opriation ,

and I find that the Government appropriatedfor the St . Louis Exposition upon a capital of $10 ,000 which IS

64 . 88 pm cent .

The CHAIRMAN . A S a matter o f fact,however , we have appropI iated

for St . Louis for identically the same purpose for wh ichyou ask an appropriation o f according to your statement sand according to your bill

,as I read it .

Mr. M YERS . Y ou appropriated for the purposes of the

ex ibit .

The CHAIRMAN . Yes ; we gave that to the exposition company . Youare not asking any aid for the exposition company . Y ou are askingus to defray the expenses of the Government buildings and the making of the Government exhibits including the exhibits of theTerritories .

Mr . MYERS . Perhaps the bill might pI operly be amended in thatdirection . W e undoubtedly need all the aid we have asked .

The CHAIRMAN . There IS undoubtedly some difficulty In the way ofreconciling the bill with the statements in respect to the participationwhich you expect the Government to take .

Mr. MYERS . I am satisfied,Mr . Chairman

,with any change or

amendment that is necessary to make the bill conform to the bestinterests of all concerned . I wish to say that for the time I am giving to this exposition I receive no compensation whatever , and itrequires a lo t of work to care for the amount of appropriation wehave . O ur State pays us nothing

,and I am doing this fo I the interest

of my country .

The CHAIRMAN. There IS no doubt as to the patriotism of the people of Oregon In the matter . W e are not questioning that at all .M r. SHERMAN . Th ey are for the old flag and an appropriation .

Mr . MYERS . Gen tlemen,I hope you will give

'

us th e full amount ofthis appropriation

,if possible .

The CHAIRMAN . Suppose,in the judgment o f this committee

,it

should be deemed unnecessaI y to appropriate the amount you ask In

order to enable the Government to take the part that you expect it totake ?Mr . MYERS . How IS that

,Mr . Chairman ?

The CHAIRMAN . I say,suppose the gentlemen constituting the board

of control at St . Louis,whom I think the committee would want to

consult as to the amouh t of money necessary to be appropriated fo iGovernment participation

,should find that the amount that you ask

us to appropriate is not necessary ?


Mr . RODENBERG . It would be just simply a transfer of the Government exhibit at St . Louis

,would it not ?

The CHAIRMAN . Of course,they could not accommodate the entire

Government exhibit at St . Louis .

Mr . RODENBERG . I mean a portion of it .Mr . PORTER . I would like to ask again the question that I asked

before as to the provision made for the exhibits of foreign governments .

Mr . MYERS . There are no provisions made at this time .

Mr . PORTER . IS there no arrangement provided in your plan ?The CHAIRMAN . For space for foreign buildings ?Mr . PORTER . Not foreign buildings . They are no t expected to put

up buildings for the foreign governments . They are expected to takethe foreign exhibits . W here are they going to display them ?M r. MYERS . Mr . Chairman , that is one of the important things in

which we want the Government to aid us— with those buildings .

Mr . PORTER . Y ou ask us explicitly fortwo buildings,o ne of

another of and more for statuary,amounting to

The total appropriation asked for is That wouldleave I asked privately

,and they say that out o f that

would be paid the exhibits from Alaska , from the Indian Territory,

from the Philippines,from Hawaii

,etc .

The CHAIRMAN . Of course we would have to segregate so much ofthe appropriation for each Territory .

Mr . PORTER . Precisely ; but the amount is Y ou say thewhole exhibit of St . Louis is made forThe CHAIRMAN . That includes Territorial exhibits and everything .

M r. SCOTT . W e do not want more money,Mr . Chairman

,than is

necessary to carry out the obj ects we have in, view. First,we wan ‘

the participation of the United States . Next,we request the United

States to make such provision as will enable us to secure the participation of foreign countries

,and particularly the transfer of some part

of the exhibits at St . Louis to Portland .

The CHAIRMAN . Of course,it is understood

,Mr . Scott , that if for

eigh governments transfer their exhibits they would have to defraythat. expense themselves . W e can no t be expected to defray theexpense of transporting their exhibits .

Mr . RODENBERG . It strikes me it ought not be a very difficult matter to arrive at an intelligent estimate of the cost of transferring apart o f those exhibits .

The CHAIRMAN . The Government will not pay that cost in any event .Mr . RO DENBERC . No ; I understand . I mean the appropriation by

this Government necessary for its own exhibits . It ought not to be adifficult matter to arrive at what the cost would be .

Th e CHAIRMAN . A good deal of that has been expendedin the assembling of the Government exhibits . W e have go t it

'

assembled there and it would simply mean the transfer o f the exhibits toOregon and the erection of a buildingMr . SCOTT . Does that include the erecting of the buildings in St .

Louis ?The CH AIRMAN . Yes .

Mr . SCOTT . And the placing of the exhibits ?The CHAIRMAN . Yes ; is the total we have appropriated

for the Government exhibits and the exhibits from all the Territories .


cration , and I think they practically arrived at it through a consideration for the pioneer .

The CHAIRMAN . There are many things by which yo u might arriveat a conclusion that in the minds of some people would justify theappropriation of money for buildings of this character not intendedfor the use of the Government

,and those things would hereafter be

presented on the ground that we had already established this precedent .Mr . MYERS . Mr . Chairman

,it would be to some extent of use and

v alue to the Government for the reason that the Government has alarge amount of interest in the forests

,the minerals

,and the harbo rs

throughout that country . The maps and charts within this buildingwould be o f value , undoubtedly , to Government officers .

Mr . W YNN . Mr . Chairman,did the United States Government ever

make an appropriation for a purpose of this kind ?The CHAIRMAN . Never outside the city of W ashingtonMr . W YNN . I am personally in favor o f helping Oregon In their

petition for the exposition . W e have a great pioneer country out inCalifornia

,and we might like to have a memorial building also . So it

is a matter that requ ires a great deal of consideration . It might establi sh a precedent here in this country

,and we might be compelled to

erect memorial buildings all over the United States .

Mr . BARTLETT . Virginia would probably want one for the transfero f the great Northwest Territory .

The CHAIRMAN . IS there anything further,gentlemen ?

M r. HAMLIN . I want to make a suggestion in the nature of an inquiry,

going back to the original proposition . If the scheme and plan is toonly participate in this exposit ion by the erection of buildings necessary to mak e the Government exhibits and that plan is adopted

,would

the Gov ernment have any authority to appropriate any other moneythan that necessary to carry out that part of the scheme ?The CHAIRM AN . That question was discussed at great length when

the Government made its appropriation to aid in the Centennial Exposition

,and the conclusion of Congress at that time was that Congress

had no authority to make the general appropriation . They thereforerequired the return to the Government of this money

,or SO much

thereof as the net receipts Of the exposition wou ld justifyMr . HAMLIN . That is the same arrangement that was made with St .

Lou is ?The CHAIRMAN . Y es .

Mr . HAMLIN . A partnersh ip .

The CHAIRMAN . And the Centennial Exposition,I am glad to say

,

returned every dollar the United States appropriated .

Mr . RODENBERG . Chicago did not.The CHAIRMAN . No ; Chicago had a flat appropriation ofMr . HOW ELL . W hat do you mean by a flat appropriation ?The CHAIRMAN . A fixed sum was just Simply given to them .

Mr . MYERS . Mr . Chairman,that will suit uS— just a flat appropria

tion .

Mr . HAMLIN . The point I was making was,if we only participate ,

could we,if we wanted to d o so , make a flat appropriation to this

enterprise ?T he CHAIRMAN . I presume the precedent established at Chicagowould just ify it .


STATEM ENT OF HON . BINGER HERMANN , REPRESENTATIVEFROM OREGON .

M r. HERMANN . Mr . Chairman,I wish to make a few suggestions .

The CHAIRMAN . W e will be very glad to hear from any member O fthe delegation from Oregon or from W ashington .

Mr . HERMANN . I wish to say , as one o f the representatives o f thegreat Oregon country , that I feel under great and personal obligationto you ,

Sir,for the excellent suggestions you have made . W e had

better hear these suggestions and this advice here in the committee andamong ourselves than to hear them at the last moment on the floor o fthe House . That has been my experience . I am satisfied that theywill go far , also , to the extent of receiving our kindest consideration

,

and especially the consideration of those who are authorized to speakfor the expo sition in that country . But

,Mr . Chairman

,let me address

myself just for a moment now to the merits o f the matter and to theresponsibility that is imposed upon us as representatives o f the peopleso far as this exposition is concerned .

If this country and this Congress had no t lent its liberality andshown its disposition to recognize other expositions in the years goneby

,and if this were the first time that any people had come before

Congress asking what we are asking,I Should feel a hesitancy

,sir

,in

coming even before this committee under the same circumstances,and

I am assured that this sentiment is shared in by all our people ; butwhen I look at the record of the country

,the record of this Congre

particularly,I find that we have aided in the last half century at

least twenty - one different expositions,among them ten foreign expo

sitions— I may say twelve , because in Paris W e have in different yearsappropriated liberally for three different expositions— in the aggregatemore than 000 just for the display of our exhibits in the city ofParis in the three different expositions there . In our own country wehave had at least ten different expositions in the various States andlarge cities .

The CHAIRMAN . W ill you pardon an interruption there,Mr .

Hermann ?Mr . HERMANN . Yes .

The CHAIRMAN . In line with that thought and to Show that theGovernment of the United States is justified in making these appro

priations , I will say that foreign governments have spent in this country

,in appropriations made to defray the expense of their exhibits at

Chicago and St . Louis , almostMr . HERMANN . And largely because of our liberality in the first

instance in so generously displaying our exhibits in their various capitals

,and it is only in point with what I am now addressing the com

mittee upon .

Now,sir

,most of the exhibits in our own country and all o f the

exhibits in the foreign countries were for the purpose of display ofthe industrial resources and the material advancement of the differentcountries . There are but three exceptions in this country .

First in the order in which they received recognition in Congresswas the Centennial in 1876 at Philadelphia . Next was the ColumbianExposition in 1893. Thirdly

,is that which is to take place this pres

ent year in the city of St . Louis . The first , speaking of them now intheir historical order

,was the four hundredth anniversary of the dis


co very o f our country . That was celebrated in pomp in the city ofChicago . Secondly , was that o f the anniversary O f the Declaration ofIndependence of our birth as a nation in the city o f Philadelphia . N0one would obj ect

,and all the nation seems to have unanimously con

curred in the propriety of those celebrations . Thirdly,we come to

the centennial anniversary of our great territorial expansion from thewaters of the Mississippi to the summit o f the Rocky M ountains

,

embracing an enormous area,comparison of which with the area of

nations and States is unnecessary for me to make,as these illustrations

are familiar to you .

That great event is to be celebrated this year in the city o f St . Louis .It is no t only a celebration o f

'

territorial acquisition under the greatmen of W hom Jefferson was the leader

,and who took part with the

foster fathers of that great scheme,but it is also a display o f the

material advancement and resource of this country .

Now,we come to the fourth great event in the matter o f centennial

anniversaries , especially in the matter o f territorial expansion o f thiscountry ,

the last,I may say , so far as the continent is concerned , and

that is the cession to the United States of all the territory Westwardo f the summit of the Rocky Mountains and north o f the forty - seconddegree o f north latitude .

This last is difierent from anything which has precede-d it . Thereis nothing like it in al l the annals of this country . In all other sections they came to us by purchase

,and in one instance following a war .

In this case we owe the cession entirely to the occupancy of Americanpioneers . The discovery of Lewis and Clark I count

,Sir

,o f no little

moment in the history of this country so far as it is made a basis forour title to the Oregon c ountry .

Captain Gray entered the Columbia River in 1792 , passed up a fewmiles and then descended out onto the high seas again . It was no tuntil nearly thirteen years later that an American foot pressed any soilwest of the Rocky Mountains . Had any other nation intervened inthe meanwhile with settlement and occupancy

,this country could have

laid no claim in the chain o f title upon the b asis of Captain Gray’sdiscovery . Consequently

,for al l that period o f time we were prao

tical ly without any element of title . In 1804,1805

,and 1806 there

came to uS Lewis and Clark under the authority,remember

,of the

Government,by direct authority of Congress

,under the direction of

the President O f the United StateS , with full and complete governmental authority . They went there for the specific purpose , too , to

'

report upon that country,which at that time had come under our jur

isdiction by virtue o f the treaty with Napoleon ; Captain Gray didnot represent the Government . He was the master o f a sailing craftlooking out for traffic and trade in the fur business especially , anddiscovered the Columbia River by acc ident .That was ourfirst occupancy and possession . Discovery without pos

session amounts to naught unless t he discovery is immediately followedup . Otherwise the Mississippi River and the great Mississippi Valley

“would to - day be long to Spain if it depended merely upon the item ofdiscovery

,because it was a Sp aniard who first set his foot on that soil ,

and,indeed

,whose body was interred in the waters as a last resting

place about one hundred years before La Salle , the French discoverer ,descended the waters o f the river and planted the colors o f Francenear Biloxi

,at the mouth ; but France immediately followed up that

LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL '

EXPOSITION .

discovery of La Salle and proclaimed to al l the world possession ofthis country under the arms and colors o f France . Colonization atonce followed

,and from that day up to the time we acquired posses

sion ,or until it went into the hands o f Spain and then subsequently

into our hands,itwas occupied and peopled and tilled and manufactures

and shipping were carried on by Frenchmen and under the Frenchauthority .

In our country we followed up our exploration by Lewis and Clark .

Four years afterwards a ship known as the A lbatross came in'

fromBoston . They sailed up th e Columbia River much farther inland thandid Captain Gray

,and there they made their settlement . They settled

in among those giant firs and among the thickets of the forest . Theycleared away the soil , removed the trees , and entered upon a systemof cultivation o f the soil . They erected their habitations and theyremained there. unt il the following year .

After that came Astoria and John Jacob Astor with his expedition,

largely upon th e assurance— I may say almpst altogether upon theassurance — o f. Thomas Jefferson to John Jac

'

ob Astor that he Shouldhave the patronage and Sanction o f the Government o f the UnitedStates so far as it could protect his great enterprise in that far - awayland . The enterprise was planted on the Columbia River in the year1811

,and had it not been for the intervening and the capture of Astoria

by the British fleet his descendants,perhaps

,would be in control o f a

large portion o f Astoria to - day . They were for many years afterwards

,perhaps half a century afterwards

,in control of the fur trade ,

which subsequently passed into the hands of another corporat ion,and

then that was merged in the great and historic Hudson Bay Company .

But in the meantime American settlers were coming there ; and Iwish to say this

,which is confirmed by history

,that when the main

settlement came to that country sixty - three years ago they found several of the crew o f the Ship Columb ia residing on the fertile lands ofthe W illamette Valley . They found some of the Lewis and Clarkparty there . They found several of the Astoria expedition sett ledthere in their habitations . Many were living with the Indian womenof the country . And thus it is

,from a mere nucleus we continued

following up our settlement until the year 1843,when the largest

emigration proceeded to that c ount ry from a portion of the State ofMissouri

,where they had all united or assembled upon a certain May

morning , and the great caravans started for this distant country .

There were about people in that emigration,and they embraced

,

as Mr . Scott so well said the other day,men who afterwards became

famous in the history of this country and particularly in the Stateswest of the Rocky Mountains

,including California . The first execu

tive of the State Of California had been a trapper,in his buckskin

trousers'

and moccasins on ,the banks o f the W illamette River . Peter

H . Burnett , that energetic man , was another . Marshall was another .

He proceeded to Captain Suter’s fort in California , and there , whilehe was engaged in the construction of the d itch or dam for the use o f

the mill,he discovered gold .

Thus o ur occupancy took place,and we trace that occupancy in the

first instance to Captain Lewis and Captain Clark for the greatestresults for the chief incident in the acquisition o f our country .

W e obtained the title and claim based upon a treaty with Spain in1819

,but the Spanish title was a mere technical one , because they had


not occupied the country . They had not fulfilled that other chiefelement of international law by holding possession of the countryafter they discovered it ; but it must be conceded , and history concedesit

,that the Spaniards were the first discoverers of all that country

before the British,before the Russians

,before the French

,before the

Americans,before any nation laid any claim whatever ; but when they

conveyed to us their title north of the 4 20 that was a better title thanthe English title . It was the superior title to the English title

,and

that,coupled with our own occupancy

,foreclosed any other country

from competing for a superior title to that section .

The point I ammaking,Mr . Chairman

,is that this is a proper cen

tennial anniversary o f the Lewis and Clark expedition— because weperhaps owe more to those men , to Thomas Jefferson , and to his illustrions compeers who aided in that great enterprise in that early dayand therefore it is fit and proper that we should appropriately celebrateit on the occasion which is to occur next year .

Again,Mr . Chairman

,looking at this from a sentimental point of

v iew ,the question is asked , W hat is all this thing worth ? and a great

many suggest,W hen Shall we draw the line ? Many of our brother

members say that to us,W here shall we drawthe line ? W hen will

the time come when we shall ever heaI the last o f these expositions ? ”

That inquiry,Mr . Chairman

,does no t belong to an enterprise such as

this,for

,as I said before

,we have taken up three of the great ev ents

o f this country,greater than any others that have preceded them

,and

now we come to the fourth and last great one .

W hat justice wil l there be in closing down,in drawing the line of

demarcation now,excluding this after we have SO appropriately and

SO justly given liberal recognition to the other three,and especially

when you have given it to other expositions which have no t involvedin themselves the question of sentiment or anything that will tend toproduce those great results in the human mind and in the actions ofour citizens

,which are so beneficial in the aftergrowth and develop

ment o f the country and grant an equal renown,but which were

intended almost exclusively as industrial expositions ? Here we unitethe two

,hav ing the industrial exhibits and also doing honor to our

selves in remembering the valorous deeds of those intrepid men,Lewis

and Clark,and the men who undertook that perilous j ourney .

Then again as to the results . As has been suggested by Mr . Myers,

it is an enormous country . The Oregon country exceeds in area thatof all the Germanic Empire

,and

,combined with that

,all of Italy

,al l

Switzerland,and all o f the Netherlands . All of them combined

do not really equal the area of the Oregon country . If we had anenormous population perhaps we would no t be as urgent in the matterof so large an appropriation .

W e have the vast empire there,but we have no t the people . It is for

the purpose o f getting the people whom that country is SO capable ofsustaining that we ask for this appropriation . A population of at least

can be sustained by that country . It is for the purpose oflaying the foundation for the It is for the purpose

‘

o f

inducing the to go there,your brethren

,your fellow - citi

zens,your countrymen as well as ours

,in order that they may people

the country andmake your country and my country greater than it isto - day . I think such an exposition will largely tend to that end .

W hen gentlemen question me as to the worth of these expositions, I


want to say,and history will bear me o ut

,that there never has been

an exposition combining within it the centennial theory,together with

that of the industrial p hase , that has no t rendered back to the countryahundredfold more than it cost .

W e well remember the effect of the Philadelphia exposition uponthe general taste of this country . I may say that in many respectsthat exposition changed the taste of the American people . There wasa’vast number of implements in use in the trades and in the industrialmaterial of the country that absolutely became obsolete after thatexposition . Many great factories immediately revolutionized theirsystem of manufacture and adopted the new methods that were onexhibition for the first time at that celebrated exposition .

These expositions are obj ect lessons . They are great schools to allthe country . They exhibit among ourselves , one to the other, what ,in this vast and diversified country

,we are producing

,for we are

almost as much strangers on the Pacific coast to much of your advancement and your resources and your wonderful inventive genius here asyou are to the foreign nat ions of the earth .

’W e should become more

intimately acquainted with each other than we are . W e should learnfrom each other . W e can learn by an interchange o f sentiment andidea as well as by the object lesson of an interchange of our materialresources .Then there is that which Colonel Myers has referred to in which the

citizens of a great nation take a pride,its material advancement

,that

W e Shou ld count no t little in the matter of the use of such an exposi

tion as this,and that is that vast country

,the Orient , which we are

facing on'

the Shores of the Pacific to - day by reason of Lewis andClark’s explorations and o f the foresight of that magnificent ThomasJelferson . W e have a greater frontage to - day on the Pacific Shoresthan

,any other nation upon those Shores . W e are looking across at

more than one - half the population of the earth,upon an area that

exceeds One - third of the area of the earth . W e can reach the marketsof producers

,undeveloped in their consuming capacity as yet

,but who

,

by reason of the cultivation of Western methods and the inspiration O f

western ideas,will with their industry and their magnificent resources

become the most liberal as well as profitable in the matter o f consumption as nations to whom we desire to export .

W hile we are passing over but one waterway to reach that richmarket

,the Orient"and we are already within 600 miles of the gates

of China", our foreign rivals are passing over three oceans To - daywe must export our products to sel l them in the markets there underthe very shadow of the factories o f our rivals

,but when we meet them

in the Orient we meet them upon equal terms . W e meet them,indeed ,

after we have reached there,cheaper and quicker and with greater

convenience in the matter of navigation than they can possibly reachthat coveted Amarket .

Therefore,I say to you ,

an exposition miles from the capitalof the nation

,upon the Shores of that great ocean where we , the Amer

ican people, own a greater frontage than any other , where we are

miles nearer to the coast of the Orient whose trade we so much desire ,is very much to be desired

,and we can invite them

,as we Shall do , as

we intend to do,whatever the committee may recommend in the mat

ter of aiding us,to come themselves across the Pacific, for we have

some of the largest steamships now afloat,and we hav e a numerous


fleet of them,too . W e can

"

bring them there and we can also invitethem to bring their varied products .

Mr . Chairman,another thought as to the marketable advantage that

there is in facing the Orient . W e import to - day,o f all our importa

tions,about one - half from the Orient . Four hundred million dollars’

worth of o ur importations come from the Orient, about one - half o f allthe imports from all the nations of the earth ; and , more than all ,nearly every dollar of those imports are products that do no t competein the least with the productions o f this country .

Secondly,o f the e xports from this country

,they are of articles

used by those people,o f which we are the largest producers on the

face of the earth . So there is such a mutuality there,such a consid

eratio n in the matter of trade relations,that anyth ing and everything

that will subserve that relation,increase that relation

,in its infancy

and enlargement,it seems to me should be seriously considered by

every American statesman,and especially those who are the represent

atives of the people for the time being,and have in keeping and in

trust the advancement of this countrv so far as legislation canadvance it .These are some o f the views we entertain

,Mr . Chairman ,

upon thewaters of the Pacific . Young in age , few in numbers , yet still the oldflag floats there

,and if it had not been for Lewis and Clark the Span

ish or the English flag would have floated upon all of the Pacific Shores .

W e have advantages,to o

,in the matter o f this market in reaching

the Orient . W e have stepping - stones,shrewdly and advisedly estab

lished in the stations in the greatest ocean on earth . W e haveHawaii ,Tutuila

,Guam

,the Philippines

,and we have arrived

,as I have said

,

within 600 miles of the gates of China . Then again , why Should wenot cultivate such a trade as this ? Talk about the victory o f Manila"W hat would the sounding of Dewey

’s guns have amounted to at Manilaexcept so far as to vanquish the Spanish fleet

,which it would have

done,perhaps

,upon those distant Shores and that distant ocean ? There

would have been no treaty of Paris . There would have been no territorial expansion there if it had no t - been for Lewis and Clark andthe foresight o f Thomas Jefferson in extending the domain o f thiscountry from the Atlantic to the Pacific Shores and giving uS our firstoutlet upon that great ocean frontage .

Fo r one,Mr . Chairman

,I’will say to you— and I wish to look at

this matter as unbiased and disinterested as I can,in view of the part

which we have all taken in the matter of subserving the interests ofour country within the lines of the great Constitution which controlsuS— that if I were a resident of the city of New York , of my nat iveState o f Maryland

,or the Stat e o f Pennsylvania

,or o f the New Eng

land States,or wherever it might be upon the Atlantic seaboard , I

should feel it one of my greatest duties to support such an expositionas this in the name of my country . [Applause"I thank you .

The CHAIRMAN . Does any other gentleman wish to be heard ?M f . MYERS . I would like to add this statement in reference to our

own State— this,I believe

,has no t been mentioned here : For the

Chicago fair my State appropriated I state this to you toShow the interest and patriotism o f the people in that far - distant State ,with our small population

,and how we have fel t about expositions .

For the Omaha Trans -Mississippi fair we appropriated f or the

4 2 L EW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION .

incorporate it in the bill . I am sure that whatever this committeedecides to do in that regard will be satisfactory to us .

The CHAIRMAN . Here is one difficulty that I think the committee isgoing to encounter at the very outset— that is

,is it necessary for the

National Government to authorize “the holding of a national expositionwhich the State has already authorized ? Is it necessary for a nationalcommission to pass upon the question of the appropriateness o f thesite o f the exposition after the Site has been selected ? Supposewe were to create the commission that this bill contemplates andauthorize that commission to select a site

,or approve the selection

,

and they did not approve the selection . Of course your State commission and the local authority or the local exposition managementwould select or present the site that had been selected

,upon which

work has already commenced . It seems entirely superfluous to requireapproval of that which has already been finally selected .

Mr . W ILLIAMSON. It is inconsistent to ask the Government tooriginate a thing that the State has already originated ?The CHAIRMAN . Yes ; and to approve a Site that the State has already

selected .

Mr . BARTLETT . Mr . Chairman , this bill makes it obligatory uponthe commission to be appointed to accept the Site already selected .

In section 5 it reads : “ Shall accept such site as may be selected andofiered .

”

The CHAIRMAN . It seems entirely superfluous to make a prov isionof that kind

,because if the Government participates it would have to

participate in any event by the exhibit upon the Site which has beenselected .

Mr . W ILLIAMSON . I am not prepared to say that you are not correctin that statement . As Mr . Scott says

,results are what We are after

,

and if any amendment is necessary we are willing to have it .

STATEM ENT OF HON. W . E . HUM PHREY , REPRESENTATIVE FROMW ASHINGTON .

Mr . HUMPHREY . Mr . Chairman,I will not attempt to argue the

merits o f this proposition . I simply want to say,as o ne of the Rep

resentatives , and voicing the sentiment o f the other two , of the largestand most populous State of the Oregon country

,that we are enthusi

astically in favor of this proposition . It has been indorsed by all thechambers of commerce in our State

,I think

,without exception . An

appropriation was made by our State legislature for the purpose o faiding the exposition

,but it was vetoed by the governor . It is not

necessary for me to go into the details of why it was vetoed,except to

say that it was for purely political reasons and had nothing whateverto do with the merits of the case . I think it is unnecessary for me tostate anything further . Our people are unanimously in favor of it ,and I have no doubt wil l make an appropriation at the next legislature .

Mr . PORTER . Y ou are expecting them to make that appropriation ?M r. HUM PHREY . W e are expect ing them to do so , and if they do

not,I know that Seattle

,where I live

,the largest city

,will make an

appropriation of her own to assist in that way in case the legislatureShould fail to do it . As I say

,the veto was entirely political and had

nothing to do with the merits .


Mr . SCOTT . Just one word , Mr . Chairman , to emphasize what hasb een stated heretofore . It is mere repetition .

W e wish the committee to understand that we desire,first

,the

p articipation of the United States with its own exhibits ; second , suchact by the United States , if we can secure it , as will be an invitationto foreign nat ions

,and particularly to those bordering on the Pacific ,

oriental countries , to j oin with us in this exposition . That is our desire .

The CH AIRMAN . I th ink that is clearly understood,Mr . Scott . There

is j ust one question,whether the appropriation of money authorizing

the erection of buildings and making a national exh ibit by the Government and under the control and jurisdiction of the Government wouldno t be su ch a recognition as would enable you to secure the participation of fo reign governments

,or some of them

,that are now exhibit

itng at St Louis ; or whether it would be necessary to go further thanthat

,and through the State Department extend a formal invitation on

the part of our Government .Th is furth er thought has also occurred to me : Y ou have only about

200 acres o f ground on which to erect your buildings . The statementwas made at the hearing‘ heretofore that there were 400 acres in theexpos ition

,200 o f which is a lake . In the event that you should run

up against the same condition of affairs in Portland that the exposition company in St . Louis encountered , in the necessity of extendingthe area

,what opportunity would you have for that extension ?

W ould it be possible ?Mr . SCOTT . Not very much extension ; but we think the 200 acres

would contain ground enough for all the buildings and would be morethan ample room for all the buildings that would be required

,even

with the participation of the Unit ed States .

The CHAIRMAN . The Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company actedupon the same idea when they started to provide for an area covering620 acres

,which was the size of the Columbian Exposition grounds at

Chicago ; but the demands on the parts of the States and foreignnations for space for their exhibits and for building sites became sogreat that they have been obliged t o extend their area

,until to - day it

includes acres .

Mr . SCOTT . W e shall expect nothing at all,of course

,in comparison

with that .The CHAIRMAN . But if the Government should formally invite these

foreign nations to participate and go in and expend the amount of moneythat is asked I have no doubt in the world it would be d ifficult to aecommodate those that have been invited and limit them in the invitationas to the amount of space allowed .

Mr . W ILLIAM SON . In answer to your question about space , I wouldl ike Mr . Scott to answer again about that . Is there not land back onPortland Height s ?Mr . SCOTT . There is plenty of space

,but not immediate ly adjac ent

to this space .

Mr . BOISE . There could be ground secured,not immediately adja

cent,but fronting on other parts o f the lake . There could be plenty of

ground selected,but we assure you ,

Mr . Chairman,we do not want

that . W e do no t expect it . W e intend to have the President or theSecretary of State

,when he issues the invitation - that they are asked to

make certain selections o f the exhibits at St . Louis to exhibit with us .

4 4 LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION .

Of course it is out o f the question to dream of having them transferall of their exhibits . W e expect a selection of a part of them .

The CHAIRMAN . If yo u are going to do anything o f that kind it oughtto be so specified in the act

,and that is the reason I called your attew

tion to it . If it is an invitation merely to select from their exhibitsat St . Louis such articles as

,

they might desire to exhibit in this exposition

,it would be one thing ; but to send a general invitation to par

ticipate would imply that you would have to give a government allthe space it wanted . W e hav e had some experience in that line inSt . Louis

,and it is to guard against anything of that kind that I make .

the suggestion .

Mr . BOISE . So far as the space is concerned,we could give them

space on the lake and bordering around there that would be vastly inexcess of the space at St . Louis and Chicago combined . but we couldno t provide the buildings .Mr . PORTER . W ho in t he world would pay for the buildings ?Mr . BOISE . That is it . It is out of the question .

The CHAIRMAN . I will confer with the Secretary o f State and putthe bill in such shape as to be satisfactory to you gentlemen .

Mr . MYERS . In reference to the area in use at these various expo si

tions,at the.Omaha Exposit ion it was 150 acres ; at Buffalo , it was 300

acres ; at Paris , 386 acres ; at Chicago , 633acres .

The CHAIRMAN . W hat was it at Paris ?Mr . MYERS . Three hundred and thirty - six acres .The CHAIRMAN. Hav e you the total expense incurred at the last Paris

Exposition ?Mr . MYERS . No ; I have the amount of the Buffalo , Chicago , and

St . Louis expositions .

The CHAIRMAN. W hat have you at St . Louis ?Mr . MYERS . At St. Louis

, $50,f"

expended for the entire exposition ; at Chicago , about and at Buffalo aboutThe CHAIRMAN. If there is any other gentleman here who wishes to

be heard he may pro ceed .

STATEM ENT OF REV . A. S . FISKE , OF W ASHINGTON , D. G.

Mr . FISKE . Mr . Chairman,I have watched closely the discussion

here this morning and I am most profoundly in sympathy with theobj ect of these gentlemen from Oregon in their exposition . I did tenyears of work over on the Pacific coast and became very familiarw ithit from the south to the north .

The CHAIRMAN . W ho do‘

you represent, Mr . Eiske ?

Mr . FISKE . I represent nobody in particular,except that I am the

pastor of a church in this city and am greatly interested in the moralside o f this entire question .

The CHAIRMAN . Are you assoc iated with Mr . Crafts ?Mr . FISKE . I have the

“

honor to be on the board of directors of thatorganization . M y attention was not called to this hearing until aboutan hour before its session opened

,and I have therefore made no prep

aration to speak on the matter . I wish to direct attention , however ,to the last clause o f the bill . I see that clause is no t in the Housebill . I observed it

,I think

,in the ‘

Senate bill ; was it no t ?The CHAIRMAN . Yes ; it is a Senate committee amendment .

LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOS ITION .

Mr . FISKE . I was no t aware of the history o f it,but I supposed it

would come up before this committee for consideration,and while I

have no extended remarks to make upon it,I have this to say : Of

course you are all aware that this matter has been fought out in Congress three or four times in the past under propositions very muchl ike that which has been appended to the bill by the Senate committee .

It has always been decided that the exposition , under the approval o fthe United States authorities

,should not be open on the Lord’s Day .

Ultimately,in the conduct of one o f these exposit ions

,the body in

immediate control opened its gates on the Sabbath,but became final ly

satisfied that that was no t a politic matter and endeavored to closethem

,but there came legal obstructions which prevented their closing

the gates .

It is well for the committee and for Congress to remember thatthere are in the United States Protestant and Catholic Christians inthe membership of these churches numbering fully persons ' in the actual membership ; that there are just aboutmembers of Protestant churches called Evangelical . Now

,abso

lutely without excep tion, the moral and religious convictions o f thisgreat mass o f people will be opposed to the opening on the Lord’s Day

,

and especially for gain,of the gates of any exposition in which the

Government o f the United States is concerned ; for I see by thisamendment that it is proposed that an entrance fee of 50 cents is to berequired on the Lord’s Day

,and that there is to be

Mr . W YNN . Pardon me ; where do you find that section ?M r. FISKE . In the last section of the bill as amended by the Senate .

The CHAIRMAN . There is no provision for an entrance fee,howev er .

Mr . W YNN . It does no t provide for an admission fee to be chargedo n Sundays . Excuse me for interrupting you .

Mr . FISK . I took that for granted . I did not think the gates wouldbe thrown open without an admission fee .

Mr . W YNN . Y ou are only supposing that . It is not in the bill .Mr . FISK . I thought it was in the amendment proposed

,but I sup

pose there is provision that for the opening o f the gates there shall bethe usual admission fee .

The CHAIRMAN . If this exposition is given under State authority,

you should appear before the legislature o f the State of Oregon .

Mr . FISK . Exactly,but I supposed the proposition was to secure

the organization of the United States Government and of Congress .and it is to that point I am speaking . The substance o f what I wantto say is this

,that there is a very large mass o f the American people

who are in hearty sympathy with the Christian church , both Protestantand Catholic

,and the authorities of both churches

,Protestant and

Catholic,have spoken emphatically on questions like this heretofore ;

that these actual members o f the church , which number , as I have said ,just about in the United States

,have a large constituency

o utside of their own number who are with them in sympathy , withthem in moral and in religious conv ictions , and W ho will be solidlyOpposed to the participation of the United States Government in anyexposition which throws open its gates on the Lord

’s day .

Mr . BARTLETT . May I ask you a question ?Mr . FISK . Certainly .

Mr.BARTLETT . W ould it be a violation of anything moral to have

the exposition gates simply open , when there is also a provision thatd evotional exercises and sacred concerts shall be held on the grounds ?

4 6 LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENN IAL EXPOSITION .

It strikes me that would aid both those who are outsiders and thosewho are employed in the grounds

,and that it ought to meet approval

instead of obj ection .

Mr . FISK . The opening of the gates on the Lord’s day would requireall those who are in charge o f the exposition and of the objects on exh ibition to be in attendance . It would encourage the coming in o f excursion trains from all quarters accompanied by crowds that are

,as al l of

you from the W est well know,often noisy and confused .

The CHAIRMAN . That was no t the experience in Chicago,however

,

was it ?Mr . HAMLIN . W ould you not get an opportunity to preach to them

th en if they did that ?Mr . FISK . I would as soon try to preach to a circus .

Mr . BARTLETT . I am not asking it in a spirit o f levity or criticism,

but I merely want to know whether,in fact

,when this section provides

that no machinery shall be operated on the grounds of the exposition,

and that places of amusement shall be closed,andwhen provision is

made for devotional exercises and sacred concerts,it would not rather

aid those who are there in attending devotional exercises and religiousservices

,instead of being an Objection ?

Mr . W ILLIAMSON. And whether it would no t be a benefit to l aborerswho could not attend on week days .

Mr . BARTLETT . I am speaking absolutely seriously . It occurs to methat the provision in this bill upon that line would be more in aid of

those who are in favor o f having people reached by religious influence .

The CHAIRMAN . They would probably reach more people that waythan they would in their churches .

Mr . FISKE . I suppose if this exposition is a success,there will be

or people a day,and especially on Sundays

,coming into

that inclosure .

The CHAIRMAN . Of course you are here in W ashington looking afterthis class of legislation

,and are familiar with it . Let me ask you

whether it is no t a fact that the opening of the exposition on Sundayat Chicago was a failure , that the crowds did not attend , and that theyd

lid not realize gate receipts enough to pay for the expense of every

t inMgf' . FISKE . It was a decided failure , and the managers desired to quit

opening the gates,but they found themselves in such a fix

,having

opened them,that they could n o t close them .

The CHAIRMAN. Then there is no great danger from the large crowdsyou speak of .

Mr . FISKE . It is not that . It is that we are going back on the Eng lishand the American doctrine o f the Lord’s day— going dead back on it.The CHAIRMAN . Y ou were putting it on the ground o f the great

crowds that would assemble there .

Mr . FISKE . No ; that was in answer to the suggestion that we shouldhold religious services there . A crowd that has come o n an excursionfrom a distance on a railroad train to see an exposition is no t going tochurch service .

Mr . HAMLIN . If this bill should become a law they would understand they would see nothing but devotional exercises .

Mr . FISKE . Oh,dear me ; oh , no . There is nothing in the wide world

in that . Everything is to be open except the machinery is to bestopped .

The CHAIRMAN . Everything is to be closed under that amendment,

LEW IS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION . 4 7

putting it the other way,except places where religious and devotional

exercises are to be held and those places where the exhibits can beseen which are educational . Is there anything wrong about that ?Mr . FISKE . Here is the section :“No machinery shall be O perated on said exposition grounds on Sundays for th e

purpose of display, and al l places of amusement within th e inclosure of th e exposi

tion grounds shall be closed on every Sunday during th e period that such expositionshall be held .

Now,the whole exposition is to be Opened . Your machinery i s not

to run . Your steam engines are no t to furnish force for the variousspecimens of manufacture and industry that may be carried on on thegrounds . Everything else is open . All the caretakers of all the property that is to be exhibited there are to be on hand . Their exhibitsare to be in constant display . All the officials

,the police guards

,and

ev erything else on the grounds,are to be there on hand to look after

the crowd,as a matter of course . It says : “ Provision shall be made

for the holding of devotional exercises .

” The Christian public,con

sidering that matter , will not hold that this provision , made for religious exercises , which may be of one sort or another at the option of

those who chance to be in control,are anything but a makeshift .

Mr . W YNN . In asking you these questions I want to have it understood that I am heartily in favor o f the sentiments that you haveexpressed . I am religiously inclined myself and I believe in observ

ing the Sabbath ; but there are reasons why this amendment was putinto the bill . They say there is no compromise between the Lord andthe devil . except to believe in the Lord ; but there may be some wayof effecting a compromise here

,which you have not mentioned . The

main obj ection which you advance against the exposition being openedon Sundays is that it would detract from the church of God

,is it no t ?

In other words,it would make Sunday a day of amusement instead of

a day of religious worship .

M r. FISKE . Themain reason inmy mind and in the mind of the reli

gious public is that it is in violation of the command o f Almighty God ,who has reserved the Sabbath from all secular and temporal purposesfor His worship and His service .

Mr . W YNN . Y ou know what the W est is ?Mr . FISKE . I know it thoroughly

,sir .

Mr . W YNN . I understand the purpose of this amendment is to givean opportunity to the working classes

,who have no chance to attend"

the exposition on week days,except by the loss of

' time and labor .

They are paid by the day for their work,and it would give them an

opportunity to at least see more of the exposition than they ever couldsee if they had to lay o ff to do so . I may be wrong— and I will standcorrected if I am -wrong - but it seems to me that if the expositiongrounds are .closed o n Sunday mornings , thereby giving to those whomay reside there or who may be there for the time being an oppor

tunity to attend church services , there would be no harm in openingthe exposition in the afternoon

,in order that the working classes

might spend a few hours there . I am willing to assist and_

do my partin living up to the Sabbath Day , but I do believe that th e workingclasses of the W est — and yo u know their conditions as well as I do , if

you have been there— should have an opportunity , with as little expenseto them as possible , to see this exposition as frequently as they can .

Mr . FISKE . That of course , is a familiar and is the only argument


that I can conceive that makes for the propriety of the provision . Thesame argument is made as to other things .

_

It is made in favor o f

throwing open the g olf links o f a golf club here on Sunday , for thebasebal l game

,for every other form o f amusement on Sunday

,because

the working people can not get a chance at them except on the Lord’sDay

,and therefore it is be st to throw down the commandment .

The CHAIRMAN . But the amendment proposes to close all places ofamusement .

M r. EI SKE . The whole outfit is a place of amusement .

Mr . CHAIRMAN . It is principally a place for education,is it no t ?

M r. FISKE . Yes ; education— amusement and education .

Mr . PORTER . Education and trade,Mr . Chairman .

M r. FISKE . Education and trade .

Mr . PORTER . One of the principal grounds fo r holding an exposi

tion is for trade .

Mr . FISKE . I did not come here to make any argument . I camesimply to say that the question has been fought out in

.Congress on

various occas ions , and the public opinion o f the United States hasmanifested itself so determinedly o n the side of the sacredness of theLord’s Day that it has never accomplished its purpose

,and it never

will . Such a provision as that in this bil l will throw the greatmajority o f the people of the United States into dead antagonism to

the whole enterprise ; and it does not seem to me that these gentlemenfrom Oregon and from the western coast

,whose interests are as dear

to me as the interests of the East are at least,are wise in pressing that

matter . Indeed , I asked o ne of the representatives from Oregon alittle while ago whether they were set on that provision , and he saidthey were no t at all . I really believe the delegation coming fromOregon

,when it considers the matter maturely , when it reflects upon

it,will no t desire to have that amendment carried in the bill . I have

nothing further to say .

Mr . PORTER . Mr . Chairman , permit me to say just a word . It doesno t seem to me we want discussion at this t ime in regard to such amatter . I am very glad the matter h as been presented and I shallhope that a courteous hearing shall be given to any American citizenat any time in a matter o f that kind

,in the expressing o f his opinions .

W hen the proper time comes for discussion,I sha ll be very glad to

speak upon~ this point . I think the statement is well made at this time“

.

I bel ieve it would be o f the greatest benefit t o this exposition or anyother exposition in which the United States takes part , and for thegoo d o f the exposition itself

,that the doors shall be closed on the Sab

bath Day .

M r. BARTLETT . I did not mean to say that I was in favor of openingthem . I merely called the at tention of the gentleman to the provisionand asked him if he did not think it would be a benefit to reach peopleby religious instruction

,as provided in the bill .

Mr . FISKE . I started to answer that when I was interrupted by whatthe chairman had to say . If a set of people go to an exposition tosee an exposition they are not going to go down into a corner somewhere and attend a prayer meeting . If they went there to attend aprayer meeting they would shut their eyes to the exposition and goto the prayer meeting . If they went to hear a sermon , they wouldshut their eyes to everything else and go and hear the sermon ;but after they Come from Chicago or Springfield or down from

“

Seattle

lewis and clark centennial exposition - · pdf fileq $ n lewis and clark centennial...

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