levels/shells principal quantum number (1-7) (2 x level 2 ) determines the amount of electrons that...
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Levels/Shells
Principal Quantum Number (1-7)
(2 x level2) determines the amount of electrons that can fit into that energy
level
Electron Organization
Orbitals
The specific area within the cloud shape.
Each orbital holds 2 e- max.
s = 1 orbital, holds up to 2 e-
p = 3 orbitals, holds up to 6 e-
d = 5 orbitals, holds up to 10 e-
f = 7 orbitals, holds up to 14 e-
Rules for e- filling in the atom
1.Aufbau Principle – an atom fills with e- in a specific order to achieve lowest energy.
2. Pauli’s Principle – no 2 e- in an orbital can have the same spin. (why only 2 e- max)
3. Hund’s Rule – In a sublevel, each orbital gets an electron before the electrons pair up. Creates lower energy.
Orbital Notation(diagrams)Shows orbitals (circles,lines,boxes) and position of electrons (arrows)
Ex: Carbon 6 e-
1s 2s 2p
Electron Configuration
Gives the level, sublevel, and number of electrons within an atom
Ex: Carbon 6 e-
1s2 2s2 2p2
Sn 50 e-
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p2
Noble gas notation (shorthand) puts brackets around the noble gas that completed the row above the element
[Kr] 5s24d105p2
Valence Level Level holding the outer most e- in
atom
8 valence e- max
Determines the element’s properties